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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2020 Vol.37 Issue.16 Published 2020-08-25

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology Talent and Education Review

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	The Effect of Two-Way Management Innovation on Enterprise Innovation Investment and Performance
		Zhang Zhengang,Shen He,Li Yunjian
		Previous researches about management innovation pay much more attention on the introducing process rather than the exportation of management innovation. Practically, outbound management innovation is prevailed in business circles. For self-interested and altruistic motivations, enterprises will actively seek to spread internal management innovation and make it implemented outside, which would have a profound impact on technological innovation. Based on the Resource-based Theory and Transaction Cost Theory, this study examines the effect of two-way management innovation on enterprise innovation investment and performance, based on the statistical data of 1198 firms provided by the science and technology department of Guangdong province. The results show that: First, the relationship between inbound/outbound management innovation and innovation performance presents an inverted U-shaped curvilinear. In other words, there is an inverse U-curve relationship between two-way management innovation and innovation performance. Secondly, inbound management innovation and outbound management innovation both have an inverted U-shaped relation with R&D investment. Thirdly, R&D investment has an intermediary effect on the relationship between inbound management innovation and innovation performance, and the relationship between outbound management innovation and innovation performance.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 633 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 360 )

	10	An Empirical Analysis of the Development Stability of Maker OrganizationBased on Organization Collaboration System
		Zhang Cheng ,Tang Fangcheng
		Maker organization is an important carrier to realize collaborative innovation.Maker is located at the core layer of the organizational collaborative system, and the maker's innovation situation in system determines the development trend of collaborative innovation; Maker organization is located at the middle layer of the organizational collaboration system, which plays an organizational coordination role, and its own development stability affects the entire system ; Collaborative organizations are located at the external level, and their participation determines the ability of the entire system to organize collaborative innovation.According to the analysis of the measurement model of fluctuation coefficient, it is found that the results of 12 evaluation indicators of 240 maker organizations show that the organization coordination system of the maker organization is in an unstable state by the standard of the coefficient of fluctuation from universities; the analysis results by category show that the development stability of the maker organization leading by universities or research institutes is significantly better than the development stability of the maker organization leading by enterprise or individual.The research results have filled the gap in the stability analysis of the maker organization, and can provide a certain reference value for improving the innovation policy and the steady development of the maker organization.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 10-18 [Abstract] ( 467 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1410KB] ( 377 )

	19	How does Dual Alliance Networks Affect Radical Innovation
		Zhu Yunjuan,Wang Qianqian,Liu Jingdong
		Different types of alliance networks involve different degrees of knowledge sharing and knowledge leakage risk,so they may have a differentiated impact on radical innovation.In this study,253 enterprises in hefei,nanjing and suzhou were selected as samples to explore the direct effects of exploratory alliance network and exploitative alliance network on radical innovation respectively,and how the internal and external situational variables of technical capabilities and network routines had moderating effects on the two kinds of relations.The results show that the exploratory alliance network has an inverted U-shaped effect on radical innovation.The exploitative alliance network has no curve effect on the radical innovation,only a positive linear relationship.Different situational variables inside and outside have different regulating effects on exploratory and exploitative alliance networks.Among them,technical capabilities only has a significant positive regulating effect on exploratory alliance networks and radical innovation.Network routines has a significant positive regulating effect on the relationship between exploitative alliance network and radical innovation.This study provides a theoretical reference for enterprise alliance and promoting the development of enterprise technological innovation,which has certain guiding significance.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 19-27 [Abstract] ( 469 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1569KB] ( 416 )

	28	Research on the Formation Mechanism of the Continuous Innovation Ability of Virtual Organization from the Perspective of Knowledge
		Zhang Baocang
		Based on the perspective of knowledge, analysis the mechanism of the acquisition of explicit knowledge resources, tacit knowledge resources, knowledge integration, learning ability and trust on the sustainable innovation ability of virtual organizations, the paper proposes and constructs the formation mechanism model of the sustainable innovation ability of virtual organizations. On this basis, 251 innovation-oriented enterprises were selected as the sample objects for empirical research. The results showed that both explicit and implicit knowledge resource acquisition played a significant role in sustainable innovation ability, and explicit knowledge resource acquisition and tacit knowledge resource acquisition have significant positive effects on knowledge integration；knowledge integration played a significant role in sustainable innovation ability. Knowledge integration plays a partial mediating role between explicit knowledge acquisition and continuous innovation ability, while plays a complete mediating role between tacit knowledge acquisition and continuous innovation ability; learning ability and trust play a significant regulating role in knowledge resource acquisition and knowledge integration. Moreover, with the enhancement of learning ability and trust, explicit knowledge resource acquisition and implicit knowledge resource acquisition have a stronger effect on continuous innovation ability through knowledge integration, and the corresponding knowledge integration has a stronger mediating effect on knowledge resource acquisition and continuous innovation ability. This paper enriches the theory of virtual organization's sustainable innovation ability, which has great theoretical contribution and practical value to guiding the operation of small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 28-37 [Abstract] ( 417 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 437 )

	38	Research on the Relationship between Serial Entrepreneurs' Founding Experience and Success on the Next Venture
		Vu Thi Huyen Nhung,Zhang Wensong
		Serial entrepreneurs' previous founding experience is highly valued by investors and is considered to be directly related to the speed and success of start-ups.The relationship between the previous founding experience of serial entrepreneurs and the possibility of subsequent success is studied using a sample of 608 companies founded by 252 serial entrepreneurs in the Chinese Internet industry.Through analysing the number of founded ventures，exit status，industry experience，and time to obtain the first investment，corresponding hypotheses are proposed and verified using Ordinary Least Squares regression.The results show that entrepreneurs who have succeeded in previous ventures are highly likely to succeed again，while entrepreneurs who have failed in the previous ventures tend to fail again.At the same time，this relationship remains the same no matter whether the entrepreneur is re-starting in the same or in a different segment of the industry.Number of founded ventures and industry experience without consideration of previous ventures’ performance cannot be used as an indicator for the possibility of subsequent success.In addition，the more ventures were founded and the more of them were successful，the longer entrepreneurs tend to wait to obtain the first investment when they start a new venture，while novice and previously failed entrepreneurs tend to acquire the first investment earlier.Finally，based on the research results，policy and management suggestions for investors，policy makers，and entrepreneurs are discussed.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 38-47 [Abstract] ( 457 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1285KB] ( 448 )

	48	Agile Innovation in Emergency Management:A Case Study of Health Codes
		Shi Chen,Geng Shu,Zhong Cantao
		During emergent situation, it is more often to fit in path-dependence track than to bring about path-breaking innovations. Among these rare cases, the Health Code in the coronavirus endemic in the end of 2019 is however a typical example, which demonstrates the key features of agile innovation. Based on personal interviews and published information, the paper studies two most successful Health Codes, in contrast with the alternative Smart City model and other four less successful Health Codes, to show how agile innovation breaks up path dependence. As the case studies suggest, institutional laxness, responsive capability and leadership factor are the three key elements to make agile innovation work. This finding shall be able shed light on the nature of innovation and the science & technological management.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 48-55 [Abstract] ( 1160 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1220KB] ( 833 )

Regional Scientific Development

	56	Research on the Impact of Innovation Factor Flow on Synergetic Innovation of Urban Agglomeration
		Li Lin,Liu Rui
		Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2006 to 2017, this paper first measures the level of synergetic innovation of the two urban agglomerations by using the extended DEA method, and then establishes a spatial econometric model to empirically examine the impact of the flow of innovation factors on the synergetic innovation of urban agglomerations. Further, taking the level of Internet development as the threshold variable, this paper constructs a threshold model to explores whether the level of Internet development has a threshold effect on the synergetic innovation effect of innovation factor flow in urban agglomeration. The results show that the total effect of innovation factor flow on synergetic innovation of urban agglomerations is significantly positive, the positive spatial spillover effect is obvious, and there are differences between groups; in the two urban agglomerations, the impact of innovation factor flow on synergetic innovation of urban agglomerations is non-linear, and the impact of innovative personnel flow on synergetic innovation of urban agglomerations is “inverted u-shaped”.The impact of innovative capital flow on synergistic innovation of urban agglomerations is “u-shaped”, and the inflection points are heterogeneous in different urban agglomerations.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 56-63 [Abstract] ( 515 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1251KB] ( 556 )

	64	Research on Coupling Coordination Degree between Innovation-driven and High-quality Economic Development
		Liu Hedong,Liu Tong
		This paper collects the relevant data of innovation and economy of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2018.Through the analysis of the coupling mechanism between innovation-driven and high-quality economic development.The coupling and coordination evaluation model of regional innovation drive and high-quality economic development is constructed.The degree of coupling coordination is measured accurately and analyzed visually.Find that :Firstly,the innovation-driven and high-quality comprehensive development level of the economy in all provinces and cities is on the rise,but the innovation-driven advanced economy is on the rise of high-quality development level; Secondly,in terms of time sequence,the degree of coupling and coordination of various provinces and cities has been greatly improved,but the speed of promotion is obviously different,and most of them are in the stage of moderate coupling and coordination; Thirdly,in terms of spatial distribution,the degree of coupling coordination between provinces and cities presents the characteristics of "high in the east and low in the west,high in the coastal areas and low in the inland areas".Based on this,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to effectively promote innovation-driven and high-quality economic development.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 64-71 [Abstract] ( 804 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1536KB] ( 411 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	72	The Recognition of Patent-Intensive Industries: A New Analysis Framework
		Li Liming
		This paper has constructed a new analytical framework to study the influencing factors of comparative advantages of the economic performance of patent-intensive industries compared to non-patent-intensive industries based on the economic census data. The conclusions show that the comparative advantage of patent quality will significantly increase the competitive advantage of patent-intensive industries, which still holds after controlling for geographical difference and industrial heterogeneity; technical standards are the commanding heights of the development of patent-intensive industries, the quantitative advantages of technical standards have a positive effect on the comparative economic advantages of patent-intensive industries; comparing with domestic-funded enterprises, the comparative economic advantages of foreign-funded enterprises in patent-intensive industries are more obvious, mainly due to stronger patent operation capabilities and higher patent quality. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 72-80 [Abstract] ( 536 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1251KB] ( 382 )

	81	Bank Market Structure,Corporate Innovation and Industrial Upgrading
		Liu Chunzhi,Yang Ruitong
		On the basis of the mechanism that bank market structure affects social innovation which then works for industrial structure upgrading,the paper finds support for the mechanism using the 30 provinces samples in China and the dynamic spatial panel model.The conclusion shows that the impact of bank market structure measured by bank concentration on corporate innovation and industrial upgrading is spatially correlated.Corporate innovation plays an intermediary role between banking market structure and industrial structure upgrading,which means weakening the dominant position of large banks in the financial market could promote industrial structure upgrading by encouraging innovation.The conclusion provides theoretical guarantee for optimizing the financial system structure and making reasonable adjustment to the industrial structure.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 81-89 [Abstract] ( 493 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1228KB] ( 344 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	90	Dynamic Allocation Mechanism and Model Construction of Technology-based Entrepreneurial Firm
		Hui Xiang,Li Bingxiang,Wu Zuguang,Li Mingmin
		Based on the capital-specific risk-taking commitment of the original funder's continuous holding model, it is difficult to realize the psychological vision of the technology entrepreneurial team “holding original technology to create their own business”, which is easy to trigger the lack of initiative and stability in the process of enterprise growth. This leads to the failure of the technical team to start a business and the loss of the original investor. In view of the above problems, this paper takes into account the value-added of the original investor capital and the entrepreneurial vision of the technical team. According to the equity allocation qualification, equity adjustment and direction respectively depends on the specific investment, the degree of proprietary contribution and the speed of proprietary rendering. So the enterprise income is decomposed into the preferential capital gains reflecting the capital-specific inputs and the remaining distributable income representing the exclusive contribution of the venture capital. Based on the financing contract theory and the securities design theory, the income distribution is embedded into the enterprise internal financing mode, and then constructs the technology entrepreneurial enterprise equity dynamic allocation model. The conclusions of the study help to enhance the effectiveness of equity management in technology entrepreneurial enterprises, and provide theoretical guidance for improving the stability and enthusiasm of entrepreneurial teams.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 90-96 [Abstract] ( 440 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1494KB] ( 298 )

	97	Permeability of Non-state Capital,Equity Incentive for Senior Executives and R&D Costs
		Ji Yiting,Cheng Kunyu
		This paper selects the mixed-ownership enterprises of Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017 as the research object. From the perspective of the classified governance of mixed ownership enterprises,this paper analyzes the influence of non-state capital penetration and equity incentive for senior executives on R&D costs in Competitiveand Public welfare state-owned enterprises. It’s found that：（1）The infiltration degree of non-state capital in competitive state-owned enterprises?is significantly positively correlated with R&D costs.The infiltration degree of non-state capital in Public welfare state-owned enterprises has no significant effect on R&D costs.（2）For competitive state-owned enterprises, the equity incentive for senior executives weakens the promotion effect of non-state-owned capital infiltration on R&D costs.For public welfare state-owned enterprises，the equity incentive for senior executives is not significant for the promotion effect of non-state capital on R&D costs.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 97-103 [Abstract] ( 602 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1216KB] ( 315 )

	104	Dual Innovation, Entrepreneur's Risk-taking Tendency and Enterprise Performance
		Qi Xiuhui ,Wang Yifeng,Sun Zhengling
		Based on the basic resource theory of enterprises, a share listed companies from 2013 to 2017 are selected as research samples to explore the internal relationship among dual innovation, entrepreneurial risk taking tendency and enterprise performance by using Generalized Least Square method. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between exploratory innovation and enterprise performance, but no significant effect of utilization innovation. The risk taking tendency of entrepreneurs has a significant negative impact on enterprise performance, which can significantly promote the exploration innovation of enterprises, but has no significant impact on the utilization innovation. Entrepreneurial risk taking tendency is a semi-moderating variable of the relationship between dual innovation and enterprise performance. In the grouping test, it has a significant moderating effect on the group of non-state-owned enterprises, but not significant moderating effect on the group of state-owned enterprises. This study provides a path reference for enterprises to continuously improve their innovation ability and drive their performance level to rise.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 104-110 [Abstract] ( 782 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1234KB] ( 1730 )

Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology

	111	Innovation Policies and the Transformation and Upgrading of Chinese Manufacturing Industry
		Huang Han,Zhang Jinlong,Xiong Jie
		From the lens of innovation system and policy mix perspective,this paper investigates the dynamic change of innovation policy and its impacts on innovation activities in China's manufacturing industry.Based on 76 government reports,we conduct a quantitative analysis and qualitative text analysis.The results show that the concentration of innovation policy themes in China's manufacturing industry is high; the distribution of policy subjects is wide; and the number of policy issues fluctuates greatly.Moreover,our findings show that environmental policy tools are used most often,while those of demand side the least.More interestingly,we further discover the patterns of policy tools implementation as an inverted-U shape.Our study also identifies the variety of intensity among the summarized types of innovation activities,which are influenced by the different policy mix.Finally,the paper discusses how innovation policy can promote innovation and reform in China's manufacturing industry,with strong practical implications.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 111-119 [Abstract] ( 419 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1514KB] ( 541 )

	120	Innovation Incentive Effect of Fiscal Subsidies and Tax Incentives
		Duan Shu,Yang Bin
		Under the background of "mass innovation and entrepreneurship", it is of great strategic significance to stimulate the innovation vitality of micro subjects. Government subsidies are an important policy tool to promote the innovation intensity of enterprises, including fiscal subsidies and tax incentives. In this paper, private science and technology enterprises listed on the small and medium-sized board of China from 2013 to 2017 were selected as the research samples. The fixed effect model was adopted to empirically analyze the impact of government fiscal subsidies and tax incentives on the R&D innovation intensity of enterprises, as well as the moderating effect of enterprise scale on the relationship between them. The model of enterprise life cycle is introduced to investigate the best intervention period of government subsidy in enterprise innovation. The result of research shows that Fiscal subsidies have no obvious impact on the innovation intensity of enterprise research and development, while tax incentives can significantly enhance the innovation intensity of enterprises. There is a significant moderating effect between government subsidy and innovation intensity of enterprises. The larger the enterprise scale, the weaker the incentive effect of government subsidy on innovation intensity of enterprises. Through the use of enterprise life cycle factors into the model for analysis and discovery, it is found that government subsidies have significant incentive effect on the innovation intensity of enterprises in the growth and maturity stages, but have no obvious influence on the innovation intensity of enterprises in the initial stage and the decline stage.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 120-127 [Abstract] ( 496 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1215KB] ( 520 )

Talent and Education

	128	The Effect of Protean Career Attitude of New Generation Employees on Creativity
		Zhang Yinxuan,Cui Qi,He Yanzhen,Tang Yanzhao
		The generation after 1990s is gradually becoming the main force of enterprise employees. Meanwhile, the Protean Career Attitude has also become the most mainstream career development trend among the new generation employees. Then, can Protean Career Attitude of new generation employees promote Creativity in the workplace? With this question, we explore the influencing mechanism between them drawing on self-determination theory. Based on 251 valid sample data, the empirical results show that: Protean Career Attitude has a significant positive impact on both Need for Achievement and Creativity. Need for Achievement mediates the relationship between Protean Career Attitude and Creativity. Perceived Organizational Support reinforces the role of Need for Achievement in promoting Creativity; And Perceived Organizational support strengthens the indirect effect of Protean Career Attitude on Creativity through Need for Achievement. The conclusion of this study is of great significance to policy makers and enterprise managers, especially those enterprises with a high proportion of new generation employees.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 128-134 [Abstract] ( 580 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1262KB] ( 588 )

	135	Quantitative Driven or Innovation Driven: Mechanism Evolution of Heterogeneous Human Capital on Economic Growth
		Chen Junjie,Zhong Changbiao
		Based on provincial panel data from 1987 to 2017, SYS-GMM model is used to study the influence of heterogeneous human capital on economic growth. This paper analyzes the mechanism evolution of heterogeneous human capital to economic acceleration from the perspective of global and stage differences based on advanced and basic human capital from the perspective of enrollment rate and income. The research finds that: overall, basic and advanced human capital under above two measures drive economic growth in the ways of quantity and innovation respectively, and presents the quantity drives primarily, quantity and innovation dual drive growth pattern. From the perspective of evolution, both measures show that innovation-driven from advanced human capital is the core driving force of economic growth in the new normal stage. Further research shows that industrial structure, urbanization and openness all have different incentive effects on innovation-driven, while urbanization has an extruding effect on the quantitative driving force of basic human capital.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 135-143 [Abstract] ( 451 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1424KB] ( 401 )

	144	The Influence of Coaching Leadership on Employees' Creativity:An Empirical Analysis Based on Manufacturing Enterprises
		Zhu Yongyue,Ouyang Chenhui,Guo Minyu
		As the inexhaustible driving force of enterprise innovation,the value of employee creativity is increasingly prominent.The data were collected from 373 employees in manufacturing enterprise through survey.A mediated moderation model was built,and the specific mechanism of coaching leadership on employee creativity was discussed.The results showed that coaching leadership can positively predict employee creativity,intrinsic motivation of employee partly mediates the positive influence of coaching leadership on employee creativity,and openness to change of employee positively moderates the relationship between coaching leadership and employee creativity,and the moderating role is partly mediated by employees' intrinsic motivation.Finally,the corresponding management enlightenments were proposed to provide decision-making reference for the human resource management practice of manufacturing enterprises.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 144-150 [Abstract] ( 506 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1336KB] ( 732 )

Review

	151	Research Review and Theoretical Construction on Conceptualization of Business Model Innovation from Composite Model Perspective
		Chi Kaoxun
		Many scholars have emphasized that the research on the concept of business model innovation should be strengthened. However,there is little conceptual deconstruction work in the real sense,which makes scholars still have many doubts about the idea of business model innovation as a construct. By comparing the applicability of different measurement models to deconstruct the business model innovation concept,this paper establishes the high applicability status of the composite model. At the same time,the definition,dimensions and types of business model innovation from composite model perspective are discussed in detail. Furthermore,based on the dual attributes of the business model,and considering the intersections between business model and other disciplines,this paper analyzes the direction of compiling business model innovation measurement indicators from composite model perspective. Finally,this paper constructs the conceptualization path of business model innovation from composite model perspective,points out that the concept is defined in the form of "innovating mode of operation and creating unique customer value",and the dimension is distinguished based on the standard of "creating unique customer value". Then the scale is developed by integrating the measurement indicators of "mode of operation" and "value logic". We should further clarify the connotation of the dimensions of "reduce purchase price" and "enhance willingness to pay",and by drawing on the knowledge of strategy,marketing,operation and other related disciplines,develop the measurement scale of these two dimensions.
		2020 Vol. 37 (16): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 682 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2071KB] ( 420 )

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