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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2019 Vol.36 Issue.24 Published 2019-12-25

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology Talent and Education

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	Resources Pooling Mechanism Design for Innovation Service Platform
		Wang Xueyuan, Li Yingying,Wu Chuan
		The resources pooling conditions such as the scale of innovation required and supplied resources, resource characteristics, and storage & transferring affect the influencing ability, service quality, direction, and speed of innovation service platforms. Therefore, designing scientific resource pooling mechanism has become the key for research. On the basis of confirming the resource key objects for attraction according to the function requirement of the platform stage, the attracting ways of the platform for active mining objects and those after the publicity and inspiration are brought forward. Based on the five-tuple model in computer science, the categories and function of resource information are confirmed, and accordingly a two-stage resource selection mechanism is designed from the view point of supply and demand. Based on the collection of the resource storage keywords of more than 30 innovation service platforms, using word frequency statistics software the resource storage labels are determined after several discussions, and a method for determining the themes of resource information and their attribution to storage labels is designed, by using the combination of PLSA models and Jaccard coefficients method. The research of this paper can offer theoretical and method support for innovation service platform to pool related resources and provide foundation for further effectively matching between resource supply and demand.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 360 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1181KB] ( 383 )

	8	Embedded Rationality in Shared Economy: a Study on the Impact of Crowdsourcing Community Embeddedness on Creative Territory Behavior
		Xiao Wei,Luo Jinlian,Li Chengyan,Zhang Huihua
		How to realize the sharing of knowledge, creativity and other special social resources is the bottleneck of the social value innovation network system. Although the effectiveness of crowdsourcing community as a solution of creative resources sharing has been widely recognized by the academic community, there is still little discussion on how the individual creators as network nodes of crowdsourcing communities participate in the sharing economy. Focusing on the "black box" of how the individual creator participates in the process of crowdsourcing, this study attempts for the first time to explore the mechanism of creative territorial distribution behavior of the individual creator based on the research paradigm of S (stimulus) -O (organism) -R (response),and from the perspective of crowdsourcing community embeddedness, in order to interpret the "embedded rationality" in the shared economy. The results show that:①the three dimensions of crowdsourcing community embeddedness (structural embeddedness, relationship embeddedness and cognitive embeddedness) have a negative effect on psychological ownership; ②psychological ownership has a positive effect on creative territorial behavior; ③psychological ownership has a completely mediating role in the impact of crowdsourcing community structural embeddedness and cognitive embeddedness on creative territorial behavior,and plays a partial intermediary role in the influence of relational embeddednesson creative territorial behavior.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 8-17 [Abstract] ( 443 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1291KB] ( 443 )

	18	Are Government Subsidies Conducive to Improving the Innovation Efficiency of Enterprises
		Ren Yuewen
		This paper selects the data of China's A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2015 to 2017,and builds a panel threshold model on the basis of investigating the impact of government subsidies on the innovation efficiency of enterprises, to explore the threshold effect of government subsidies on the innovation efficiency of enterprises, and makes a grouping test according to the enterprise property right, industry and regional heterogeneity.The empirical study finds that government subsidies have a significant inhibitory effect on the innovation efficiency of enterprises; there is a significant double threshold effect on the impact of government subsidies on the innovation efficiency of enterprises, and the effect is the best when the government subsidy is between 0 and 0.000 5; based on the heterogeneity grouping test of enterprise property right, industry and region, it is found that government subsidies still have an inhibitory effect on enterprise innovation efficiency, but the threshold effect is quite different.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 18-26 [Abstract] ( 593 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1203KB] ( 420 )

	27	Research on Import and Innovative R&D between China and Major Countries along the Belt and Road
		Jiang Chao, Lan Yisheng
		Based on theoretical derivation and empirical test,this paper finds that the level of countries′ R&D in the region is asymmetric,and countries with advanced technology have contributed to the improvement of the overall level of R&D.The trade policy of expanding imports is a positive incentive for national R&D,however,it is necessary to provide a reliable guarantee mechanism.Both imported intermediate and final products are to the importing countries in the field of R&D,but imported final products can narrow the gap of R&D intensity between two countries and improve the overall level of R&D.Import can have an impact on R&D in the mechanism of factor endowment structure adjustment,technology spillover,and quality improvement.Among them,technology spillover is the main way.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 27-36 [Abstract] ( 359 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1253KB] ( 299 )

Regional Scientific Development

	37	An Empirical Study on the Influence of Foreign Trade and High-tech Enterprises in National High-tech Zones on Innovation Efficiency
		Liu Fan,Deng Mingliang
		Accelerating the development of national high-tech zones is an important way to improve China's innovation competitiveness and achieve high-quality economic development.The ultra-efficient DEA model is used to measure the innovation efficiency of the national high-tech zone in 2013-2017, and the panel data model is used to examine the relationship and regional differences between foreign trade, high-tech enterprise development and innovation efficiency.The research shows that the innovation efficiency of the national high-tech zones in the eastern part of China is relatively high, and the innovation efficiency of the high-tech zones in the central, western and northeast regions is obviously different.The proportion of foreign trade and high-tech enterprises in the national high-tech zones is significant for the innovation efficiency of the high-tech zones.Positive promotion, and there is a significant positive time lag effect; the national high-tech zone foreign trade, high-tech enterprises accounted for the regional high-tech zone innovation efficiency has regional differences.In the new era, we should comprehensively improve the innovation efficiency of the national high-tech zones.We should take high-tech enterprises as the main body, further expand the opening up as a path, and pay attention to the phased and targeted adjustment of policies related to the development of open trade and high-tech enterprises.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 37-44 [Abstract] ( 441 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 325 )

	45	How does Innovation Spillover Affect the Total Factor Productivity of China's Inter-provincial Environment
		Yin Qun,Li Ziwen
		Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017, using the non-radial, non-angle SBM-DDF model and GML index to measure the environmental total factor productivity of 30 provinces, empirically analyzes the impact of innovation spillover on the total elements of the interprovincial environment and its decomposition.The conclusionsare as follows:there is a significant spatial positive correlation in environmental total factor productivity;innovation spillovers can effectively promote the growth of GTFP, and technological progress is the main impact path;the improvement of the level of technology marketization will help to improve GTFP;the level of economic development and opening up will only promote the GTFP in the region;human capital levels and environmental regulations significantly constrain GTFP growth;the level of human capital, the level of opening up, and the intensity of environmental regulation have a significant negative impact on the improvement of technical efficiency.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 45-54 [Abstract] ( 601 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1455KB] ( 462 )

	55	Coordinating Degrees of Sci-Tech Finance-Innovation Input-Output and the Source of Incoordination
		Han Peng
		The paper evaluats the coupling coordinated degree of Sci-tech finance, and enterprise innovation input and output in different regions in China.The results show that except Beijing, the coupling coordination degree is low overall.Through the results of DEA model, we find that in innovation initial investment system, the distribution of elements varies greatly in provinces , the mean of inefficiency of enterprises' continuous innovation endowment is high; in innovation intermediate input and output system, invention patent and trademark right outputs are efficient, but the average of inefficiency is high and the distribution among regions is wide if they are taken as intermediate inputs;In final output system, it is prominent that new product sales revenue and technical market turnover are insufficient in some regions.In order to improve the uncoordinated situation between innovation input and output and promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises, the paper proposes the coordinated development outlook of innovation initial investment system, the quality outlook of innovation intermediate input and output and the intellectual property profit model outlook of innovation final output based on the above conclusions.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 55-62 [Abstract] ( 499 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1257KB] ( 358 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	63	Breakthrough Technology Innovation and Industrial Transformation and Upgrading in New Round of Industrial Revolution
		Du Chuanzhong,Jin Huawang,Jin Wenhan
		Breakthrough technology innovation(BTI) is an important driving force for industrial transformation and upgrading, which is characterized with technological disruptiveness, discontinuity of technological evolution, industrial correlation effects etc. In the background of new round of industrial revolution, a large number of BTIs are emerging,providing an opportunity window of industrial technology catch-up for the less developed economies. Based on the elaboration of connotation and characteristics about BTI, the mechanisms and paths of BTI on industrial transformation and upgrading have been revealed, and take application of artificial intelligence as an example to analyze how the BTI affect three industries in our country. Some feasible suggestions have been put forward to promote the realization of BTI and industrial transformation and upgrading. Basic research should be strengthened, give more support to generic key technology of industry, take full advantage of new generation of information technology, industrial integration as well as finance.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 63-69 [Abstract] ( 500 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 616 )

	70	Research on the Synergistic Effect of Manufacturing Agglomeration and Urbanization Development for Urban Green Total Factor Productivity
		Hu Xuhua,Chen Mo
		Taking 261 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as an example,this paper uses the nonlinear threshold model and dynamic spatial effect decomposition,based on the "coordination","non-coordination"and "space overflow"scenarios,respectively.Mechanism analysis and empirical testing were carried out to influence the development of green total factor productivity.The study found that although the "two-wheel drive" of manufacturing agglomeration and urbanization can promote the improvement of urban green total factor productivity,when the urbanization level exceeds 0.4241 and the manufacturing concentration is less than 0.706 7 or exceeds 1.291 1,"non-coordination" collaboratively driven green total factor productivity incentives will fail.The full-sample dynamic spatial effect decomposition shows that the interaction between manufacturing agglomeration and urbanization in the short term can create opportunities for the improvement of green total factor productivity among the whole regions; but in the long run,inter-regional factor flows and restructuring will lead to the accumulation of green leading urban manufacturing.The subtle imbalance of coordination with urbanization,and thus the expected path of green total factor productivity growth is interrupted.The decomposition of heterogeneous urban dynamic spatial effects shows that the current green poles are still concentrated in the new first-line,first- and second-tier cities,and the green polarization effects of the three-,four- and five-line cities are not significant,and the green reflow and spillover effects between regions are not yet obvious.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 70-79 [Abstract] ( 494 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1965KB] ( 340 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	80	Coupling Mechanism between Enterprise Transformation ＆ Upgrading and Innovation Ecosystem Growth
		Tao Xiaolong ,Liu Shan ,Chen Jin,Zheng Zhan
		Transformation and upgrading driven by innovation is the development trend of traditional entrepreneurial enterprises in the new era. Enterprise transformation and upgrading is often accompanied by the growth of innovation ecosystem, and there is a high coupling between the two,there is still a lack of research on the coupling relationship between them. Based on the grounded theory analysis of several typical cases, it is found that "trade-production-RD" is the general path of transformation and upgrading of traditional entrepreneurial enterprises, which enables enterprises with limited capital strength and resources to achieve a higher success rate of entrepreneurship. As creative individuals in the process, the enterprise through cooperation innovation, cultivating innovative communities, promote enterprise resource integration, optimize the innovation community structure, production, "parts", leading and complementary four heterogeneous enterprise innovation community by linkage effect to achieve polymerization, realize the transformation and upgrading of enterprises and to form stable innovation ecosystem.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 80-89 [Abstract] ( 615 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2261KB] ( 316 )

	90	Learning from Failure and Business Model Innovation
		Zhou Xue,Li Xianglong,Meng Xiaona
		From the perspective of integration of opportunity and resource, this paper explored the way of learning from failure to promote business model innovation in the context of entrepreneurship.Based on the theory of entrepreneurial opportunity and resource dependence theory, dynamic capability has been introduced as an intermediary mechanism and the theoretical model of learning from failure affecting business model innovation has been constructed.The paper made statistical analysis with 201 entrepreneurs′ questionnaires, the following conclusions was drawn: learning from failure significantly promotes business model innovation; entrepreneurial dynamic capability plays a partial mediation role between the relationship of learning from failure and business model innovation; environmental dynamics cannot regulate the relationship between entrepreneurial dynamic capability and business model innovation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 90-99 [Abstract] ( 614 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1305KB] ( 318 )

	100	Can Technological Mergers and Acquisitions Bring Technological Innovation Effects? a Perspective of the Growth Potential of Acquirer
		Yang Qing, Zhou Shaoni
		This paper chooses the mergers and acquisitions events of listed companies affiliated to high-tech industries in A-share market of China from 2009—2017 as the research object, in order to examine whether Technology Mergers and acquisitions can bring technological innovation effects to acquisition companies and the moderating effect of growth potential level of acquisition companies on the relationship between technology mergers and technological innovation effects, and further distinguish different types of technology mergers and acquisitions from two dimensions to test the difference of technological innovation effect.The paper found that technology mergers and acquisitions can significantly bring about the output effect of technological innovation and the promotion effect of technological innovation; the higher the growth potential level of acquisition companies, the more significant the technological innovation effect of technology mergers and acquisitions.The paper also found that compared with technology entry M&A, technology consolidation M&A can bring more significant technological innovation effects to acquisition companies, while there is no significant difference between domestic technology M&A and cross-border technology M&A.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 100-108 [Abstract] ( 348 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1212KB] ( 353 )

	109	Network Power, Knowledge Acquisition and Technological Innovation in the Industrial Cluster Environment
		Dai Wanliang, Lu Wenling, Xu Ke, Yang Jiaoping
		Higher network power means the convenience of obtaining external resources， however, the question of whether higher network power is definitely conducive to enterprise technology innovation does not get a unified result.Based on social network theory, a moderated mediating model of two stages was constructed.On the basis of theoretical model, the mediating effects of knowledge acquisition and the moderated role of trust relationship between enterprises and knowledge integration capacity in different stages was discussed.The results of the empirical study are as follows.Firstly, network power has a significant positive impact on technological innovation.Secondly, network power has a significant positive impact on knowledge acquisition, and knowledge acquisition has an inverted U effect on technological innovation.That is, knowledge acquisition plays a partial mediating effect in the relationship between network power and technological innovation.Thirdly, trust relationship between enterprises is beneficial for enterprises to acquire external knowledge through network power.Fourthly, knowledge integration capacity is beneficial for enterprises to transform the acquired external knowledge into technological innovation.Furthermore, for the managers, the improvement of technological innovation ability and performance can be promoted in two aspects both relationship network governance and external and internal cultivation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 109-117 [Abstract] ( 580 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1314KB] ( 450 )

	118	The Research on the Knowledge Growth Effect of Non-core Enterprises
		Zhang Zhongyuan,Li Teng
		This paper combines the innovation value chain (IVC) structure and the non-core enterprise innovation organization (IONE) structure into the enterprise innovation dual structure, and analyzes the knowledge growth effect of non-core enterprises under the different combinations of the two structures.This paper establishes a system dynamics model for simulation, and the research finds the following conclusions.In the nine modes of utilization learning, the curves have extreme points and cannot be developed in the long run. Among them, the shorter IVC structure mode has a higher curve gradient, and the higher the structural stability, the shorter the curve period of the IONE structure. In periods of more than five years, the knowledge stock of the side-by-side IONE is more than the other two types.It is found that the time delay of exploring study is affected mainly by IONE rather than IVC structure. In the long run, through the use of the dual structure model for exploratory learning and utilization learning, non-core enterprises can catch up with core enterprises in knowledge stock. Finally, based on the simulation conclusions, the paper proposes relevant recommendations for non-core enterprise innovation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 118-127 [Abstract] ( 499 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2709KB] ( 310 )

Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology

	128	Antitrust Regulation toward Patent Reverse Payment Settlement:Experience in the United States and Its Implications
		Sun Yuchen
		In the pharmaceutical industry of the United States, the patent litigation settlement agreement which includes reverse payments from the patent holder to the alleged infringer, has aroused widespread concern. The typical purpose of this agreement is as exchange for the alleged infringer's agreement to delay or abandon market entry. The agreement is the by-product of the patent linkage system. The Supreme Court analyzed this agreement under the traditional rule of reason and hoped to reduce the cost of mistake by comprehensively evaluating various factors. However, due to the limitations of the rule of reason, the presumptive illegality approach would presumably become the most appropriate rule in the United States. In China's context, the reverse-payment agreement should be analyzed under the prohibition and exemption framework, in order to achieve the balance of competition order maintenance, innovation incentives and other values.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 128-135 [Abstract] ( 626 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1188KB] ( 297 )

	136	Research on the Mechanism of Intellectual Property Protection and Economic Level on Technological Innovation
		He Limin, Liu Haibo, Zhang Yafeng
		Based on the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2017, the industrial enterprise innovation process at the regional level is divided into two stages: technology research and development and technological achievement transformation.The industrial enterprises above the regional scale are taken as research objects, and mixed OLS regression, the fixed effect model and system generalized moment estimation are adopted.The method examines the role of intellectual property protection and economic level in the two innovation stages of industrial enterprise technology.The study found that: intellectual property protection and economic level have a significant role in promoting the technological R&D and technological achievements transformation of regional industrial enterprises.Second, there is a significant interaction of intellectual property protection and economic levels in both industrial technology R&D and technological achievement transformation.The interaction weakens the promotion of the technological innovation process of industrial enterprises.Third, the impact of intellectual property protection and economic level on the technological research and development stage of industrial enterprises is higher than that of technological achievements.Fourth, based on the current economic level of various regions in China, most regions Intellectual property rights protection must still be strengthened to further promote technological innovation in regional industrial enterprises.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 136-142 [Abstract] ( 603 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1250KB] ( 301 )

Talent and Education

	143	TMT Functional Background and Firm Innovation Performance
		Zhang Zhengang,Hu Antao,Huang Jieming
		Drawing on the upper echelons theory (UET),attention-based view (ABV) and resource-based view (RBV),this article focuses on the impact of TMT (Top Management Team) functional background on firm innovation performance based on the mediating effects of innovation attention and R&D investment.In this paper,it builds a theoretical model "TMT characteristics——investment decision-making——firm innovation performance" by introducing two kinds of innovation investment,which is innovation attention and R&D investment.Using the samples of Chinese technology-intensive enterprises from 2013 to 2016,it finds that TMT functional heterogeneity has a significant negative impact on firm innovation performance; a TMT has more members with "output functions" background,will generate better innovation performance; innovation attention and R&D investment play the dual mediating roles between TMT functional background and firm innovation performance; innovation attention and R&D investment have positive interaction on the firm innovation performance.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 143-152 [Abstract] ( 672 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1342KB] ( 422 )

	153	The Effect of Creativity-Contingent Rewards on R&D Employees' Innovative Behavior with the Different Motivational Preference
		Li Chunling, Zhang Xiying,Qiu Yong,Chen Qin
		Based on the integration of self-determination theory and trait activation theory, the research framework was constructed with motivational preference as a moderator, creative self-efficacy as a mediator to explore how the creativity-contingent rewards affect innovative behavior and the boundary conditions. The results showed:creativity-contingent rewards had significant positive effects on innovative behavior, creative self-efficacy played a partial mediating effect in the impact of creativity-contingent rewards on innovative behavior; with the strong situation of creativity-contingent rewards, internal motivational preference and external motivational preference separately and positively moderated the relationship between creativity-contingent rewards and creative self-efficacy, and moderated the mediating effect of creativity-contingent rewards on innovative behavior via creative self-efficacy. The study revealed how creativity-contingent rewards influenced innovative behavior in the different motivational preference with the R&D employees generally regarding their innovative jobs were lack of intrinsic motivation. The results were also helpful to improving the creativity-contingent rewards system for motivating the R&D employees' innovative behavior.
		2019 Vol. 36 (24): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 520 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1300KB] ( 316 )

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