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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
2019 Vol.36 Issue.21
Published 2019-11-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Talent and Education
Review
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Research on the Governance of Scientific Research Integrity
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1
Research on the Evolution Mechanism of Knowledge Ecosystem in Technical Standards Alliance
Jiang Hong,Sun Shuyu,Wu Yuhao
The sustainable development of the technical standards alliance has significant knowledge ecological characteristics. The evolution rules of the knowledge ecosystem of technical standards alliance provide a path for the smoothly running of alliance standardization. This paper expounds the connotation and characteristics of the knowledge ecosystem of technical standards alliance, and defines its knowledge niche dimension on the basis of analysing its constituent elements. To analyze the rules of knowledge transferring and standard value creation in each stage of the technical standard alliance life cycle from the two levels of knowledge individuals and knowledge populations, this paper constructs a model of evolution mechanism of knowledge ecological chain and DICE model based on knowledge niche. Finally, combining with the case of the intellectual ecology evolution of the IGRS Industry Alliance, some enlightenment and recommendations to promote the steady operation of the knowledge ecosystem of the technical standards alliance and the improvement of the competitiveness of alliance standards are put forward．
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 1-9 [
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Research on the Motivators and Abilities Affecting on Mentoring Effectiveness and Countermeasures
Wu Xiaochun,Xie Baoguo,Ma Nana,Xuan Yifei
Enterprise mentor is the person who provide entrepreneurs with encouragement and suggestions and help them to avoid fatal mistakes by means of their rich knowledge and experiences. With the sample of 176 enterprise mentors, this article empirically examined the roles of the intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and mentoring self-efficacy in affecting mentoring effectiveness. The results of regression analyses found that: (1) mentors' extrinsic motivation was positively related to the sale growth of start-up firms, the entrepreneur growth; (2) mentors' intrinsic motivation was positively related to the market shares of start-up firms, the entrepreneur growth and the mentor's well-being; (3) mentors' self-efficacy was positively related to the growth of start-up firms, the entrepreneur growth and the mentor's well-being. Based on the results, we argued that the institutions should cultivate mentor culture, incentive system, develop core ability and build think-tank platforms to enhance mentoring effectiveness.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 10-18 [
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Internal Mechanism of Virtual Academic Community Promoting the Formation of Research Cooperation：an Exploratory Research based on Grounded Theory
Wang Xianya
Exploring the internal mechanism of virtual academic community promoting the formation of research cooperation in conform to research cooperation development in the new age, is quite helpful to understand cooperative psychology of researchers and know the promotion path in the internet era. Some senior users of two popular virtual academic communities are chosen as respondents, and depth interview is used to collect data. Based on programmed coding of grounded theory, theoretical model is built to reveal the driving factors and promotion path of research cooperation. It is found that community attractiveness is an external driving factor, help-seeking interaction and discussion interaction are community interaction factors, and experience promotion is an internal driving factor. External driving factor not only has a direct promotion on research cooperation, but also has an indirect promotion through community interaction factors and internal driving factor in turn.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 19-25 [
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Research on Innovation Catch-up Model in Post Technological Catch-up Period
Li Xinjian
At present, the technological catch-up activities of Chinese enterprises have entered the "post-technological catch-up stage", and many enterprises have begun to adjust their technological catch-up strategies to accelerate the technological catch-up process.Through the comparison of China's high-speed railway, communication industry, automobile industry, chip industry and other industries, this study finds that in order to achieve the ultimate technological transcendence, it is necessary to implement the independent innovation strategy and construct an innovation network that adapts to the characteristics of the industry and technology paradigm.In addition, it is necessary to make full use of the opportunity window in the process of technological catch-up, and deal with the role positioning of the government and enterprises according to the industrial characteristics, technology paradigm and competition paradigm.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 26-34 [
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Regional Scientific Development
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Study on the Spatial Patterns of Innovation Efficiency of High-tech Manufacturing Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Du Yu,Huang Cheng
As an important carrier to implement the innovation-driven strategy and promote the transformation of old and new kinetic energy, high-tech manufacturing industry is the key to promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt to become a new force for the high-quality development of China's economy. This paper uses variable returns to scale input-oriented NSBM model to measure the overall and two-stage efficiency of high-tech manufacturing innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2016, and explore the spatial characteristics and internal mechanism of efficiency evolution. The results show that the overall efficiency and stage efficiency of high-tech manufacturing innovation characterized by the spatial differentiation of the gradients of the upper and middle reaches. The downstream areas is in the adjustment period of the allocation to promote the transformation and upgrading. The characteristics of “high and high” innovation efficiency. The middle and upper regions are in the painful period of extensive agglomeration and intensify factor mismatch, showing the low agglomeration and low efficiency. The low efficiency of technology research is the main reason for the low efficiency of innovation in high-tech manufacturing. The central collapse and local inefficiency caused by “input-oriented” and “association mismatch” will intensify regional efficiency differentiation and eventually become global inefficiency. To change the disadvantages of high efficiency and overall inefficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and achieve efficiency changes, it is necessary to strengthen regional science and technology cooperation mechanisms, improve market technology service systems, and establish quality-oriented research and development goals.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 35-42 [
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Evaluation on the National High-tech Zones' Driving Effect on the Regional Green Innovation
She Shuo,Wang Qiao,Yao Zhi
Aimed at evaluating the actual driving effect of National High-tech Zones(NHZs), we construct the mechanisms of agglomeration drive, structure drive and scale constraint from the theoretical level. we then used the SBM-DEA model based on undesired output and the Kernel Density Estimation to describe the level of regional green innovation in China. The results show that China's regional green innovation efficiency is fluctuating and has an obvious spatial differences. Besides, the regional gap is increasing and the "Matthew benefit" becomes more and more obvious. We finally empirically test the impact of the establishment of NHZs on regional green innovation based on the panel Tobit model. Results show the significant driving effect exists, while the actual effect depends on the economic situation and regional differences exist. Some countermeasures are given in the last part.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 43-52 [
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Industrial Technological Progress
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Can Environmental Regulation Improve the "Green Transformation" of High-end Manufacturing? Evidence Interpretation from Green Total Factor Productivity
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Zhang Feng,Song Xiaona
Improving the green development of high-end manufacturing is the key to promoting domestic industrial transformation and upgrading in China. Hence, the mechanism of action of environmental regulation was chosen as the research perspective, and the theoretical impact mechanism of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity in high-end manufacturing was analyzed. Moreover, the green total factor productivity of high-end manufacturing from 2006 to 2017 was measured based on the directional distance function optimized by relaxation factor, and the roles of command-control, market-incentive, and public-participating environmental regulations in the green total factor productivity of high-end manufacturing were tested separately. Results showed that, the high-end manufacturing green total factor productivity had a steady upward trend as a whole, but there were certain differences in the direct effects of environmental regulation on it. Command-controlled environmental regulation had a non-significant positive promotion, while market incentives and public participation environmental regulation were characterized by significant direct influences of "U" and inverted "U" types. In the indirect effect test, environmental regulation could promote technological innovation, industrial agglomeration and foreign direct investment to have a positive effect on the green total factor productivity of high-end manufacturing, and the "innovative compensation effect" of market incentives and public participation environmental regulation was relatively more significant.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 53-61 [
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Research on the Temporal-Spatial Evolution and Trend of Urban Service Patterns in the Agglomeration of Science and Technology Service Industry
Wang Chengwei,Zhao Bingxin
As a core industry that gathers innovation factors. It is of great significance to study the urban pattern characteristics under the background of science and technology service industry agglomeration for the construction of national coordinated innovation city system. Based on the theory of input and output, this paper constructs an urban association network under the background of agglomeration of science and technology service industry, and uses social network method to measure the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and trends of urban pattern. The study found that most cities in the process of agglomeration of science and technology services formed a relatively close network around a few key cities, and the agglomeration highlands gradually expanded from the coast to the northeast, west, central and Shandong peninsula. A few key cities play an intermediary role in carrying the innovation elements in the shortest path to circulate between cities; most regions can communicate with each other through several urban associations, and the shortest intermediary hub exists in the northeast, Shandong peninsula, southwest, northwest and central regions and the Yangtze River Delta gathering center. The gathering center carries out the exchange of elements, and the difference in the driving action of the cities in the agglomeration process is gradually expanding. The self-organization ability of cities in cohesive subgroups 2 and 3 is continuously enhanced. Finally, the corresponding recommendations for promoting the establishment of a coordinated and innovative urban system are proposed.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 62-70 [
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Enterprise Innovation Management
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Research on the Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Network Range and Performance of High-Tech New Venture
Dong Baobao,Cheng Songsong
Due to the complexity of network relationship management and utilization, the linear relationship between network range and performance has been questioned. Drawing upon social capital theory and the view of capability, the study examines the nature of the relationship between network range and new venture performance, and the important role of network responsiveness in the relationship. Based on 187 high-tech new ventures, the empirical results using multivariate adjusted regression analysis indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between network range and performance, network responsiveness has a moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between network range and performance. That is, optimizing the impact of network range on high-tech new ventures' performance through effective management and utilization of the network. The study implications are discussed.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 71-79 [
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The Impact of Venture Capital on Enterprise R&D Investment
He Yanlin,Shan Zhicheng
How to play effectively the promotion role of venture capital on R&D investment is currently a hot issue. The empirical study based on the sample of Beijing listed firms from 2010 to 2017 finds that the impact of venture capital on R&D investment is insignificant in panel regression model, but is significantly positive in cross-sectional regression model. Further analysis of this contradictory phenomena by introducing annual or industry dummy variables into cross-sectional regression model shows that industry heterogeneity is an important reason why venture capital has no significant impact on R&D investment in panel data. Empirical analysis of 12 industries with more than 30 observations found that venture capital has a positive impact on R&D investment in 3 industries such as manufacturing-computer communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing, but a negative impact in 2 industries such as leasing and business services. This conclusion is confirmed in the regression including dummy variable D1 and D2. Further research shows that political connection has a reverse moderation effect on the impact of venture capital on R&D investment. Finally, this paper draws conclusions and proposes policy recommendations.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 80-89 [
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The Impact of Entrepreneur Orientation on the Innovation Performance of Latecomer Firms: a Moderated Mediation Model
Liu Wenxia,Yang Jie
Based on the perspective of knowledge management, this paper investigates the influence mechanism of entrepreneur orientation on the innovation performance of latecomers. It explores the mediating role of external knowledge acquisition and the regulating role of absorptive capacity. The sample data of 251 latecomers were analyzed by multiple regression. The results show that: ①Innovation, initiative and risk taking have positive effects on the innovation performance of Latecomer Firms; ②External knowledge acquisition plays an intermediary role between entrepreneur orientation and Latecomer Firms innovation performance; ③Absorptive capacity can not only positively adjust the relationship between external knowledge acquisition and Latecomer Firms innovation performance, but also promote the intermediary role of external knowledge acquisition. The research conclusion deepens the understanding of the relationship between the entrepreneurial orientation and the innovation performance of Latecomer Firms enterprises and provides some reference for the innovation practice of latecomers.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 90-97 [
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The Influence of Enterprise's Independent Intellectual Property Rights Interaction on Innovation Performance in Innovation Network
Zhou Zhigang,Ding Qiukai,Ruan Lijuan
The formation of regional innovation networks in the shared economic environment has promoted the coordinated development of different enterprise nodes in the network. Along with the market development needs of enterprises, knowledge search and property rights interaction based on intellectual property protection have become an important part of collaborative innovation among enterprises. Based on the concept of competition and cooperation, this paper explores the relationship between independent intellectual property rights, actual absorptive capacity, intellectual property risk and corporate innovation performance from the perspective of social node interaction mechanism in innovation network. The research shows that there is a significant inverted U-type relationship between the independent intellectual property rights and innovation performance of enterprises; the actual absorptive capacity has a direct and significant effect on the innovation performance of enterprises, and the relationship between independent intellectual property rights and innovation performance of some intermediary enterprises. In addition, intellectual property risk can positively regulate the relationship between the independent intellectual property rights of enterprises and the actual absorptive capacity. The research conclusions are conducive to further strengthening the independent intellectual property rights interaction and actual absorption capacity among enterprises in the innovation network, and promoting the improvement of enterprise innovation performance while effectively avoiding intellectual property risks.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 98-105 [
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Research on the Governance of Scientific Research Integrity
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The Holistic Governance of Integrity in Research
Wei Huaian,Wei Bin
It is of practical urgency and theoretical value to accelerate the construction of integrity mechanism in research. From the perspective of research ecosystem, this paper makes a descriptive analysis of the main manifestations and new characteristics of integrity in research. Through the conceptual model and typical case interpretation of the inducing factors and generating mechanism of scientific research honesty, this paper reveals the overall logic of integrity in research. Accordingly, a holistic governance scheme is proposed, which integrates classification and precise implementation of policies, and provides a reference for the construction of long-term mechanism of integrity in research.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 106-111 [
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The Causes of Research Integrity and its Governance
Liu Lanjian,Yang Jing
Research integrity is the basic principle that scientific research workers should follow, and it is related to the development of a national science and the orderly operation of society. In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of academic misconduct and research dishonesty, the issue of research integrity has become one of the focus issues in the scientific community. This paper studies the history, manifestation, causes and countermeasures of scientific research honesty, and finds that the problem of scientific research honesty is manifested in various forms and its causes are complex. Accordingly, this paper proposes to adopt the principle of tolerance, strengthen the education of honesty, cultivate peer review culture, explore restrictive peer review system and randomly select representative to restrain the misconduct of scientific research to the greatest extent.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 112-117 [
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Research on Maturity Evaluation Model of Regional Scientific Research Integrity System
Meng Dabin,Zhang Liyi,Liu Xiaojun
This paper examines the problem of scientific research integrity in academia from the perspective of complex system, and holds that the root of academic misconduct lies in the problem of scientific research integrity system. On the basis of defining the connotation of scientific research honesty system, the intrinsic logic of scientific research honesty system operation is explained from the complex interaction of reward mechanism, punishment mechanism, supervision and enforcement mechanism, assessment mechanism, competition mechanism and academic environment, and from the improper proportion of rewards and punishments, the lack of supervision and enforcement mechanism. The reasons for the malformation of scientific research honesty system are pointed out from the aspects of excessive competitive assessment and academic morality degradation. Furthermore, the maturity evaluation model of regional scientific research integrity system is constructed based on BP neural network, and the scientific research integrity system of 31 provinces in China is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, according to the above conclusions, the policy implications of establishing evaluation mechanism of regional scientific research integrity system, finding problems and shortcomings in advanced regions, and improving system supply and policy supply are put forward.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 118-124 [
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Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
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Analysis on the Characteristics of "Internet +" and its Impact on Innovation Performance
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Tong Zehua,Jiang Ziyuan,Liu Xiaoting,Han Chunhua,Sun Jie
"Internet+" presents the characteristics of "symbiosis", “group-intelligence", "feedback", “open-loop”, “reconstruction” and “ubiquity”, and has a certain impact on the organization's innovative activities. In this process, knowledge collaborative behavior plays a regulatory role. It is of great theoretical and practical value to analyze and explore the internal mechanism of the process. Through survey data and utilizing structural equation model (SEM), this paper makes empirical research on the regulatory effect of knowledge collaborative behavior in the process of the impact of "Internet+" on organizational innovation performance. The results show that Internet+ has a significant role in promoting Team Knowledge Collaboration Behavior; Team Knowledge Collaboration Behavior has a direct role in promoting on the innovation performance, while Individual Knowledge Collaboration Behavior has no significant positive effect on innovation performance. The result also shows that IKCB has certain positive correlation on Team Knowledge Collaboration Behavior, thus this also shows that the “Internet+” has a positive impact on innovation performance through the mediating effect of Individual Knowledge Collaboration Behavior or Team Knowledge Collaboration Behavior ("single-order regulatory effect" or "double-order regulatory effect").
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 125-133 [
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The Impact of Alliance Portfolio Configuration on Enterprise
Liu Yu,Shao Yunfei,Kang Jian
In the era of globalization and competition, it has become an urgent need for modern enterprises to promote their innovation performance to enhance their competitiveness. In the era of knowledge sharing, alliance configuration has become a development model for modern enterprises to effectively obtain external resources through knowledge sharing. In order to find out the impact of alliance configuration on enterprise innovation performance, this study introduces knowledge sharing variables, constructs a hypothetical model that reflects the relationship between alliance composition, enterprise innovation performance, and knowledge sharing, and verifies the validity of the model through empirical analysis. Then the interaction mechanism between the three is revealed.Research shows that the size, diversity and network density of alliance portfolio have a positive impact on enterprise innovation performance, while knowledge sharing has a positive adjustment between alliance portfolio configuration and enterprise innovation performance. Therefore, enterprises should find alliance partners according to their own needs, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with enterprises or organizations in different industries and different fields to promote knowledge sharing between them. At the same time, it is necessary to continuously improve the mutual trust of alliance members, establish a stable knowledge sharing platform and mechanism, and finally achieve the goal of improving the innovation performance of enterprises.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 134-140 [
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Talent and Education
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Research on the Policy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Overseas High-level Talents: From the Perspective of Policy Instruments and Innovation & Entrepreneurship Process
Cheng Hua,Lou Xiran
In the era of rapid global talent flow and intensified competition for talents, both central and local governments have issued a series of policies to encourage the innovation and entrepreneurship of high-level talents overseas. This paper takes the overseas talent policy issued during the period from the ninth five-year plan to the 13th five-year plan in Zhejiang Province as the research object to build" policy tools-innovative entrepreneurial process "two-dimensional framework, using content analysis and statistical analysis of grounded theory coding study found: Zhejiang Province to the rapid growth of the number of high-level overseas talents policy, also the number of policies issued in the first year from the tenth five-year plan to the thirteenth five-year plan has shown a significant upward trend, with the post subject is more, but less coordination, and the department of finance of Zhejiang Province is an important joint publishing subject; From the perspective of policy tools, supply and environment policies overflowed, and demand policies were too few. From the perspective of the innovation and entrepreneurship process, the environmental policy in the preparation stage of innovation and entrepreneurship lacks, the supply policy in the initial stage lacks, and the demand policy in the development stage lacks. Finally, some countermeasures and Suggestions are put forward for improving the policies of overseas high-level talents.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 141-147 [
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How the R&D Staff Improvisation Affects their Knowledge Transfer within Team
He Hui,Yan Liumei
Research and development is inherently characterized by improvisation, and most of studies on knowledge transfer refer to improvisation. We try to examine the relationship between R&D staff improvisation and their knowledge transfer, and the moderating role of experimental culture. We take the survey of 45 R&D teams as samples located in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou , using HLM to show that R&D staff improvisation have a positive effect on their knowledge transfer under the condition of experimental culture as a negative moderator. And finally the leader in the knowledge intensive organizations are provided some suggestions.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 148-154 [
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Review
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The Role of Star Scientists in Innovation Activities: a Literature Review
Li Conggang,Xu Rong,Lu Lu,Li Yueran
The important role of star scientists in innovation activities has been widely valued and paid attention by foreign scholars. However, relevant research in China is still insufficient. This paper thus analysis relevant foreign literatures and finds that star scientists can play an important role in innovation activities through "Learning by Hiring", Status Effect, Bridge Effect, industry-university-research cooperation and Peer Effect. How to give full play to the role of star scientists? How to solve the problem of decentralization, closure and lack of integration of current innovation resources? How to enhance the human capital level and innovation ability of enterprises and build a long-term mechanism to promote enterprise innovation? These are the issues that need to be considered in the future both for academic research and policy development.
2019 Vol. 36 (21): 155-160 [
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