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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2016 Vol.33 Issue.1 Published 2016-01-10

科技管理创新

	1	A Comparative Study on Cumulative Innovation Effect of Competitive Patent Pools with Independent license terms
		Luo Youtao;Liang Zheng;Du Xiaojun;Xia Dong
		Competitive patent pools based on different technical standards have been appearing in high technique industry as competitions among technical standards are becoming intensive. More and more competitive patent pools have used independent license terms in order to encourage the firms belong to them to innovate and protect their benefits. In this paper, we have developed two mathematical models of cumulative innovation effect of competitive patent pools with and without independent license terms to comparative study with the help of dynamic game theory and stochastic analysis. After then, result shows: generally competitive patent pools are able to lower patent licensing fees, promote patent application and increase social welfare as well as encourage firms to innovate, however cumulative innovation effect of competitive patent pools are influenced by multi-factor, for example patent type, degree of differentiation among patent pools, allocation proportion of patent licensing fees and so on, so specifically cumulative innovation effect of competitive patent pools appear complicated.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 741 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1234KB] ( 301 )

	9	The Research on Application and Business Model of 3D Printing from the Perspective of Disruptive Innovation
		Su Qin;Yang Yang
		3D printing has been considered a disruptive innovation owing to its technical and economical traits, and the application and business model that match these traits can enhance the disruptiveness of 3D printing and lead to social change.This paper first discussed about the current situation of 3D printing applications based on the theory of disruptive innovation, which is concluded as the social manufacturing.Then this paper analyzed the business model of social manufacturing from the perspective of value network, including the components of value network and their relationships, with the cases of Shapeways and Thingiverse.Finally, this paper discussed about the current shortcomings of 3D printing development in China and provided specific suggestions for future development.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 9-15 [Abstract] ( 884 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1682KB] ( 456 )

	16	The Construction Elements and Realization Route of Cloud Innovation Mode
		Zhang Yuming;Wang Fuyao
		Cloud innovation is improving the innovation mode, leading the innovation trends in Internet era. Based on the cloud innovation theory, the paper takes Huawei's practice as the case study object, and discusses the construction elements and the path of the cloud innovation pattern. The study found that the key to achieve cloud innovation lies in building cloud elements system, setting up cloud platforms and creating a cloud innovation ecosystem. Enterprises, customers, suppliers, and the public participate in cloud innovation widely, so that the talent cloud, knowledge cloud, information cloud and capital cloud get integrated in the cloud of innovation resources. Through creating a variety of cloud platforms, like joint venture, alliances, open industrial base, online community platform, talents alliance platform, utilizing the inherent benefit-sharing mechanisms, the organization forms a cloud innovation ecosystem, in order to create multiple benefits. This research will help improve the theoretical system of cloud innovation mode, while providing reference of cloud innovation practice for the ICT industry and other industry enterprises.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 16-21 [Abstract] ( 622 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2430KB] ( 267 )

	22	Research on the Mode of Technology Services Crowdsourcing with Open Innovation Thinking
		Fan Yiyang;Zhou Hengyu
		Accelerating the development of technology services is the key to improve economic.There is a new possibility to come it because of WEB2.0,and that is technology services crowdsourcing.Based on open innovation thinking,this article proposes some advice and challenges in developing our technology services crowdsourcing model through the analysis on the operation and characteristics of foreign technology services crowdsourcing model.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 22-27 [Abstract] ( 759 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1633KB] ( 292 )

	28	Factors Affecting Bidding Success of Solvers in Crowdsourcing
		Dong Kunxiang;Zhang Huiyan;Hou Wenhua
		Crowdsourcing effectively integrate the innovative & entrepreneurial resources of large number of firms, scientists and college students by providing broadly innovation & transaction mechanism services and the specialized services, which benefit to R&D efficiency of firms and the solvers to effectuate their value and profit during the free time. This paper analyzes the task attribute, historical factors and participation strategy how to influence the solvers' bidding success by the series tasks of tripadviser.com. The results show:(1) in the construct of task attribute, the task difficulty is negatively impact the bidding success, while the task density is positively impact the bidding success;(2) in the construct of historical factors, the winning ratio is positively impact the bidding success, while the last performance is negatively impact the bidding success;(3) in the construct of participation strategy, the participation recency has no significantly impact on bidding success, and there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the submitting order and bidding success.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 28-32 [Abstract] ( 596 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 856KB] ( 243 )

区域科学发展

	33	The Technological Innovation Effect of Intellectual Property Rights Protection and the Heterogeneity of Technology Access
		Kang Jijun;Sun Caihong
		Firstly, this paper builds the knowledge-drive two sector model, then collects the China panel data of 24 provinces during the period of 2005-2012, and establishes the dynamic panel data model based on the Jaffe A.B production function in order to probe into the impact of IPR on regional technological progress from a theoretical and empirical perspective in turn. The main contributions of this study are listed as follows: this paper subdivides the sources of regional stock of technological knowledge, improve the calculation method of the existing stock of technological knowledge, and processes the IPR index towards regionalization so as to make it closer to different regional situations. The empirical results show us two points: independent innovation is the major driving force of Chinese regional technological progress at the present stage, and there are significant differences on benefits of technological progress between domestic and foreign technology introduction; there exists an inverted "U" relationship between IPR protection and regional technological progress. All regions should adjust the protective intensity of IPR according to their own resource endowment, and develop scientific strategies on technology introduction.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 33-37 [Abstract] ( 661 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 896KB] ( 335 )

	38	The Research on Subsidy Form of Industry-University-Research Cooperation:a Case Study of Enterprises In Underdeveloped Areas
		Ma Yonghong;Na Qi
		It is a common policy that the government provides subsidies to the enterprises for their innovations. However, because of the innovations of the enterprises in less developed area are subject to their own constraints, resulting in the local governments have to make rational choices about the form of innovation subsidies. Considering the absorptive and learning capacity of enterprise, this thesis brings in the allocation proportion coefficient of the Innovative investment to establish a three-stage game model; also this thesis will analyze the optimal manner for the governments of the underdeveloped areas to subsidy the university-industry cooperation. From the results, we will know: the governments in less developed area adopt these new policies will encourage the enterprises to increase innovation investments; with the free intellectual property protection policy, enterprises improve the absorptive and learning capacity and the social welfare increases; In contrast, when the government subsidies for innovative products, the different outputs are better than the investment of the innovative subsidy.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 38-44 [Abstract] ( 783 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 845KB] ( 219 )

	45	Study on the Strategy to Develope Low Carbon City in China
		Liu Jun
		Under the background of global climate change, the construction of low carbon city has become represent the general trend. The development of low carbon city should first have the strategy guide, low carbon city development strategy in our country to be solved. Firstly, the key factors of strength, weakness, opportunity, threat are analyzed based on the quantitative method of SWOT. After that, intensities of total strength, weakness, opportunity, threat are quantificationally calculation. Finally, strategic direction, type and mode to develope low carbon city are ascertained. The research results show that: (1) the strategic direction of striving, strategic type of opportunity and strategic mode of aggressiveness should be the best-choice; (2) From the view of overall strategic direction, external opportunities should be strived for and used to overcome internal weaknesses; (3) Although the inferior position in developing low carbon city, but as long as actively seize the opportunity to mobilize all forces still can achieve strategic goals. According to the results, this paper puts forward the strategic countermeasures from four macroscopic aspects.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 45-50 [Abstract] ( 742 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1192KB] ( 362 )

产业技术进步

	51	Financing Science and Technology: A Conceptual Framework Based on the Power of Technological Trajectory Perspective
		Cheng Ying;Zhang Shuo;Liu Wei
		This paper investigates the role of finance in facilitating industry and economic development. An industry technology development-centered framework is established to analyze the function of finance in driving the development of technological innovation that triggers the new wave of economic development. It makes a classification of finance based on the financial demands of technologies which are at different development stages. It is found that government-led capitals and financial institutions are more important at the early stage of industry technological trajectory (ITT) development. When the ITT becomes more and more powerful, the market-oriented capitals and financial institutions become more active. However, when ITT becomes powerful and markets are mature with low risks and steady return of investment, the planning role of the governments' policies becomes more significant again. Through historical analysis of the development of ITTs and financial structures in four innovative countries, the paper demonstrates the theoretical framework and the relevant policy implications are discussed.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 51-58 [Abstract] ( 648 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1225KB] ( 249 )

	59	Research on the Influencing Factors of Science and Technology Service Industry Agglomeration Development based on Principal Component Analysis
		Xu Wanqiang;Sun Zhengcui;Zhou Lijuan
		Agglomeration is a kind of spatial production organization when science and technology service industry develop to a certain stage, which is favor to strengthen the overall creativity and competitiveness of science and technology service industry. There are many Influence factors of science and technology Service Industry Agglomeration development, and finding out the representative and comprehensive influence factors is important, which can provide the strong evidences and feasible proposals for promoting the development of science and technology service industry agglomeration. According to Porter diamond model, the analysis frame of the science and technology service industry agglomeration development is built from four dimensions-technological resources, market demand, external environment and government behavior. Combining with the characteristics of science and technology service industry on the basis of the existing research achievements of industry agglomeration, 14 influence factors are found out by using principal component analysis to analyze and select those factors. The research show that the macro policy economic environment, the allocation of production Factor, science and technology financing system and market demand are the core Influence factors of science and technology service industry agglomeration development.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 59-63 [Abstract] ( 619 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 779KB] ( 322 )

	64	Research on the Self-organization Conditions of Strategic Emerging Industry System
		Wang Fang;Deng Mingran
		The strategic emerging industry system is a dynamic system，has openness，non-equilibrium,non-stability and fluctuation.On the basis of the Prigogine，dissipative structure theory，the paper studies the evolution conditions and operation mechanism of the strategic emerging industry system.The system state changes with the evolution of the total entropy of system change.The total entropy of the system is low，the state of system is more orderly，the higher the total entropy.The order degree of system is low.In addition to the study of strategic emerging industry system qualitative evolution conditions，based on the Brussels model，to establish the Brussels model of strategic emerging industries system，which researches the dissipative structure of strategic emerging industries system，and draws out the quantitative research of the evolution and development conditions.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 64-68 [Abstract] ( 658 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1075KB] ( 298 )

企业创新管理

	69	A Study on Resource-oriented Start-up's Growth Based on Entrepreneurial Competence
		Wang Yanzi;Bai Ling;Li Qian
		Taking Antai Group and Haixin Group for examples,the paper aims to explore mechanism of entrepreneurial competence during start-up's growth.Through literature analysis,entrepreneurial competence referred in the paper is divided into five dimensions:chance discovery,relation-connecting,capital operation,strategic management and innovation capability.The results show that:entrepreneurial competence has positive effect on start-up's growth strategy,which will further speed up their development.Entrepreneurial competence makes different contributions to their development at different growth stages:chance discovery and relation-connecting capabilities predominate in founding stage; innovation capacity and capital operation capability contribute a great deal in growing stage;strategy management capacity holds a prominent role in growing ,maturing and transforming stages.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 69-75 [Abstract] ( 602 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1136KB] ( 248 )

	76	Intellectual Property Capacity，External Intellectual Property Intensity and the Growth of Firms
		Chi Renyong;Pan Lipeng
		In the age of knowledge economic, intellectual property capacity is indispensable for the development of firm. Intellectual property capacity compose three dimensions of create, use and manage. This paper analyses the relationship between intellectual property capacity and the growth of firms. The regulation effect from external intellectual property intensity is tested. Through the empirical test of the data form computer application listed companies, the conclusion could be obtained that intellectual property capacity positive affect the growth of firms. And external intellectual property intensity could positive regulation the relationship between intellectual property capacity and the growth of firms.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 76-80 [Abstract] ( 680 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 827KB] ( 237 )

	81	A Study of Influence Mechanism of Cooperation Experience, Absorptive Capacity, Network Power On The Performance of Firm Innovation:Based on The Theory of Organizational Learning
		Ma Lan;An Li Ren
		On the base of the organizational learning theory, constructed the structural equation model of the relationship between cooperation innovation network firm’s cooperative experience, absorptive capacity, network power impact on firms innovation performance, combined with the sample data of Xi'an high-tech firms, the empirical analysis results show that the cooperative experience and network power were positively correlated with innovation performance; The Absorptive Capacity was not correlated with innovation performance; Cooperation experience was correlated with absorptive capacity and network power. Therefore, the firm should pay attention to the cooperation experience, strengthen organizational learning improve innovation ability, and make full use of the cooperative innovation network gathered rich knowledge and technology platform, improve the firm innovation performance.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 81-87 [Abstract] ( 537 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1010KB] ( 267 )

	88	Research on Collaborative Development Paths of Enterprises' Technology Innovation and Business Model Innovation Based on "Internet +" Strategy
		Liu Jiangang;Qian Xijiao
		The rapid development of Internet brings opportunities and challenges to all walks of life,and new technology,new model and new formats emerge urgently,which require enterprises to build core competence from the collaborative perspective of technology innovation and business model innovation based on "Internet +" strategy.Through a case typical study of ?Xiaomi Tech,this paper uses grounded theory to extract labels,concepts,initial categories,main categories and core categories.Then,it explores the interaction between technology innovation and business model innovation based on "Internet +" strategy.It also summarizes collaborative development paths:"market opportunities' identification-value proposition innovation-creative imitation innovation of technology-continuous innovation of business model's 'marketing-profit-operating' three modules-progressive independent/collaborative innovation of technology".
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 88-94 [Abstract] ( 979 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1779KB] ( 1037 )

军民融合创新

	95	Governance Patterns for Aeronautic Weapon Innovation with Military Intellectual Property Institution From the View of Stakeholder
		Feng Yuan
		Good governance patterns for aeronautic weapon innovation can keep good governance effectiveness. Related researches for stakeholder innovation and governance were analyzed. Characters for aeronautic weapon innovation, which are different with ordinary cooperation innovation, were compared. Innovation roles for different stakeholders were studied. Military intellectual property conflicts among stakeholders were also analyzed. The governance pattern evolution path for aeronautical weapon innovation was studied. Based on these analysis, four types of governance patterns, that is government governance, design institute governance, assemble company governance and project governance, were proposed and analyzed. Some useful reformation suggestions were given.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 95-100 [Abstract] ( 433 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1339KB] ( 213 )

科技法制与政策

	101	Exploring the Institutional Infrastructure to Enhance the Effectiveness of Open Innovation:Relational or Transactional mechanisms
		Zhao Zhen
		Open innovation is the theoretical research and management practices in the 21st century hot issue,however,it is worth noting: while the theory booming business practices did not achieve the desired results,and even a high failure rate,the contrast may notIt does not cause people to reflect.Previous studies have ignored the fact that: a knowledge alliance open innovation essence,the Alliance governance structure is operating system-based alliance,decision-making governance structures have different league,the pattern of interests,motivation and conflict have a fundamental problem influences.Building on Transaction Cost and Social Capital theories,this study investigates the different roles transactional and relational mechanisms have in improving open innovation performance.Our study applied to manufacturer supplier dyads in China and used matched survey data (398 samples covered 58firms) to test our hypotheses.Hierarchical multivariate regression suggest that the relational mechanisms has an inverted U shaped impact on the success of open innovation;the transactional mechanisms has an inverted U shaped impact on the open innovation performance as well;the joint effects of the two mechanisms on governing open innovation depends on the integration level of inter-firm network that the focal partners share.Specifically,formal control and trust complement each other only in lower integration level.On the basis of this new perspective,the authors offer theoretical and managerial implications for managing inter-firm governance mechanisms in transitional economies such as China.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 101-107 [Abstract] ( 587 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1005KB] ( 278 )

	108	A Research on the Influences of Technology Innovation Policy on Enterprise Innovation Performance
		Zhang Yong'an;Yan Jin
		Aiming at the problem which existed in the process of technology innovation policy promoting enterprise technological innovation and improving innovation performance, based on the policy text analysis, this paper applied technology innovation theory, constructed Cobb-Douglas production function of the multiple regression model. The research objects were regional technology innovation policy and Beijing electronic information enterprises and it tried to clarify the influence mechanism which technological innovation policy had on the enterprises. The result showed that the goal of scientific technological achievements transformation and talent function object had significant positive impact on the number of annual patent applications filed, whereas other impact factor had negative impact, even could not well explain it.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 108-113 [Abstract] ( 734 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 903KB] ( 303 )

人才与教育

	114	The Relationship between Founder Competency and Entrepreneurial Team Member's Trust under Different Stages of New Venture
		Pan Qingquan;Wei Huimin
		Based on competence theory and dynamic view of entrepreneurship, the paper examines the differential effects of founder competency on entrepreneurial team member's cognition and affect based trust, as well as its time phased characteristics under different stages of new venture. The results indicate that entrepreneurial competency and managerial competency has positive effect on members' cognition based trust, social competency shows positive influence on members' affect based trust. In addition, with the development of new venture from start up stage to growth stage, the influential effect of entrepreneurial competency on members' cognition based trust has decreased slightly, while the influence of managerial competency on members' cognition based trust had advanced. The finds have implications for dynamic management about internal relation mechanism of entrepreneurial team.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 114-120 [Abstract] ( 705 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1123KB] ( 296 )

	121	The Mechanism of Career Self-management Influencing the Organizational Commitment about the Scientists and Technicians:the Role of on-the-Job Embeddedness and Professional Commitment
		Li Yun;Li Xiyuan
		The scarcity of scientists and technicians decided the necessity of discussing the influence factors of their organizational commitment. The results that how did the personal active behaviors affect their organizational commitment didn't agree with each other. Based on the theory of social identification this paper put the career self-management, the on-the-job embeddedness, the professional identification and the organizational commitment into a theory model and analyzed the relationship between the four with the help of 304 samples through the empirical method. The results showed that the scientists and technicians' career self-management had a significant positive impact on their organizational commitment, and the on-the-job embedddness played a partial mediated role between the professional and technological personnel's career self-management and their organizational commitment, and in the organization those scientists and technicians who had high professional identification would have higher organizational commitment.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 121-125 [Abstract] ( 591 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 716KB] ( 274 )

知识科学与知识工程

	126	Key User Identification and Product Knowledge Diffusion in the Environment of Social Network
		Shao Peng;Hu Ping
		As social commerce era arrived,businesses become aware of the importance of the products diffusion in consumer network,evaluate the value of the network nodes will become the important issue in marketing research.The node evaluation algorithm which from social network only consider the local network topology but ignores the interaction between individuals,information retrieval algorithm consider the influence from neighbors but ignores the importance of the node itself.This paper builds node importance evaluation algorithm of consumer network on the basis of degree centrality and PageRank algorithm;We construct the consumer network based on the online data,and discuss the evaluation algorithms by using the similarity algorithm;Study on the product knowledge diffusion by SIS model,we show that the WCR is high relating to product knowledge diffusion,and the WCR algorithm is more effective than traditional evaluation algorithm.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 126-131 [Abstract] ( 579 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1331KB] ( 237 )

	132	Simulation of Relations among Structure, Behaviors and Performance of Knowledge Network Embedded with Social Psychology
		Yu Dengke;Zhou Rong;Tu Guoping
		There are some interaction relations among structure, behaviors and performance of knowledge network, and social psychology will affect the structure, behaviors and performance by influencing these relations. Based on literature review, these relations and the connotations of structure, behavior and performance are analyzed, and then the effect mechanism from social psychology to knowledge network is researched. Hence, some hypotheses are put forward and the logical framework model is built. Further more, design variables and do simulation experiment by Matlab software, and the hypotheses are verified. The results show that: the structure, behaviors and performance influence each other, and social psychology plays an important role in this effect.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 132-141 [Abstract] ( 618 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 3245KB] ( 242 )

评价与预见

	142	Design and Construction of Evaluation Index System of Regional Innovation Policy Based on A multi-perspective
		Zhang Wei;Fei Xiaoyan;Fang Hui
		The main content of Innovation policy includes the Supply Oriented,Demand Oriented and Environment Support Oriented innovation policy.Evaluation index system of regional innovation policy has three dimensions,which contains the policy intensity,policy synergy and policy completion.It realizes the quantitative policy index by using the concept of policy assignment quantization method and fuzzy mathematics,using AHP and expert scoring to determine the weights of evaluation indexes,in order to ensure scientific and operable index design.This study points out that during the design of innovation policy,our country should adopt more Demand Oriented and Environment Support Oriented innovation policy system,pay more attention to the policy synergy and policy completion,to guide the innovation oriented enterprises,entrepreneurial university and innovation intermediaries play the main role in the innovation of market allocation of resources.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 142-147 [Abstract] ( 655 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 861KB] ( 272 )

	148	Study on University Innovation Efficiency Evaluation Taking Account of Technology Heterogeneity
		Shen Neng;Wu Sihui
		In order to develop national university innovation capacity and provide the impetus for economic development of the region, it is necessary to explore university innovation capacity of the different provinces, allocate resources and narrow the differences between regions. This paper calculate and analyze university innovation efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces in mainland China, based on the 2005-2013 universities statistics, combining BCC model with Meta frontier efficiency function. This empirical study finds: By using BCC model, the efficiency of knowledge innovation is ranking as follows: Western region, eastern region and central region. When Meta frontier function model was added, MRT was ranking as follows: Eastern region, central region and western region. The knowledge innovation efficiency of the west regions is slightly worse than the Midwest.，while the west region is closer to the Meta-frontier of knowledge innovation. It is necessary to improve resource utilization efficiency in the east region and increase research resources inputting in the Midwest universities so as to balance the development of the national university innovation efficiency.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 148-153 [Abstract] ( 727 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 944KB] ( 237 )

综述

	154	Status Quo and Trend Analysis of Organizational Behavior Research in China Since the 21st century
		Tan Liwen;Yi Zhenzhen;Xiao Junyang
		Taking 779 articles published in eight kinds of Chinese authoritative journals from CSSCI database during 2000 to 2013 in the organizational behavior filed as data sources, this paper utilizes frequency analysis, co-occurrence analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis and co-citation analysis to depict the research progress in 21th century based on the mapping knowledge theory of scientometric domain. On this basis,this paper explores the roles of academic community,discipline basic theory,academic platform in promoting the development of organizational behavior in China.The result shows that: organizational behavior filed has formed a series of hotspot and frontier issues, including work-life quality, performance, leadership, innovation/creativity; emerged a batch of influential authors, research institutions, and core journals; displayed a trend of diversified basic theories and interdisciplinary integration.These findings have instructive effects on the research about organizational behavior and future research of management.
		2016 Vol. 33 (1): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 1674 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2116KB] ( 446 )

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