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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.9
Published 2022-05-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Deconstruction of Technological Asymmetric Catch-up Strategy in the New Development Stage：from the Perspective of Science and Technology Leapfrogging Theory
Liu Qingling,Zeng Li
Under the guidance of the innovation-driven development strategy, China has made breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, and some fields have reached world-leading levels. However, opportunities and challenges coexist. China is still striving for clearing core technology bottlenecks, and what synchronously appears with the large scale of scientific and technological investment is the limited innovation capacity. Therefore it is urgent to reverse this situation by asymmetric catch-up and overtake of science and technology. As China is fast catching up with the developed world and it has emerged as a science and technology powerhouse, new situations, challenges and missions appear accordingly. At the same time, the new round of worldwide scientific and technological revolution is emerging, which requires continuously consolidating asymmetric advantages and forging more "killer" technologies to ensure that China's key core technologies are independent and controllable, as well as realize the scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement on time.#br# Based on the theory of technological leapfrogging, the connotation, the new logic and mechanism of technological asymmetric catch-up are respectively explained and demonstrated. As an important component of Xi Jinping Scientific and Technological Innovation Thought, technological asymmetric catching-uphas strategic significance for building a technologically powerful country. In the new stage of development, China's scientific and technological development presents the new situation of "following, concatenation and leading combined", which putting forward new requirements for technology asymmetric catch-up. The theoretical connotation of technological asymmetric catch-up includes the new logic in the new development stage and new mechanism with the theory of technological leapfrog. With the middle-bridge function of basic researches and core technology researches, the "following, concatenation and leading-combined" experience of asymmetrical catch-up in the new development stage corresponds to the three stages of "pursue-catch up-surpass" in technological leapfrogging, and in this way, new development model, realization conditions and characteristics are conformed in the process of fierce international competition.#br#The research finds that thetechnological asymmetric catch-up is the product of the combination of theory and practice which both have profound theoretical foundation and rich historical process. Although China needs to insist on independent innovation since entering a new stage of development, it should still participate in international exchanges and cooperation with inclusive attitudes, as well as learn from other countries. In general, the United Kingdom mainly has asymmetric advantages in refining the categories of modern natural disciplines, and has achieved technological catch-up in promoting basic research and industrial revolution. Correspondingly, the United States emphasizes the establishment of an innovation system for industry-university-research-government cooperation, which fully unleashes the enthusiasm of all parties and achieves asymmetrical catch-up in science and technology with strong sustainability. The Soviet Union's asymmetric catch-up and overtake in science and technology embodies the characteristics of planned economy dominance and national defense priority, which plays a strategic role in a specific historical period, and then Russia pays more attention to comprehensive improvement and overall innovation efficiency. Moreover, Japan and South Korea mainly rely on the government and chaebol organizations to obtain their asymmetric advantages, which in practice promotes the simultaneous development of the technology and the economy.#br#Based on the in-depth analysis of the technology catching up and surpassing experience of Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan and South Korea, this paper comes to a conclusion that we should pay attention to the development of education, carry out basic research for a long time,keep focused on the forefront of scientific and technological development, and draw a conclusion in combination with the specific reality of our country. At the same time, this research also objectively indicates the profound drawbacks such as confusions of operating mechanism, failure of continuous advance, scarcity of comprehensive researches, etc. #br#China should rely on the new national system to effectively gather the advantageous resources of all parties, so as to promote the implementation of major national science and technology projects, andcontinue to make core technology's breakthroughs from strategic planning. It is important to advance practical measures by fully grasping strategic opportunities, optimizing the ecology of talent cultivation and accumulating advantages. Meanwhile it is not the blind pursuit of high efficiency by promoting technological leapfrog and catch-up on the basis of accumulating asymmetric advantages because of the equal importance of quality and quantity.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 498 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2022KB] ( 335 )
12 Relationship Research of Business Environment, Entrepreneurship and Technological Innovation
Han Shucheng,Mei Xinyi,Yang Lanpin
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused a huge blow to the global economy, politics and culture. At present, the world is experiencing unprecedented changes in a hundred years, and the great changes of the times and the severe epidemic situation provide not onlynew opportunities for the high-quality development of China's economy, but also new challenges in the key year of the 14th Five-Year Plan period. It has become a hot topic at present of how to stimulate China's endogenous development momentum in a critical period, break down institutional and institutional innovation obstacles, and promote high-quality economic development. Technological innovation, as the main driving force for the high-quality development of China's economy, plays an important role in China's breakthrough in economic development mode and optimization of economic structure, and China must rely on the power of technological innovation to boost economy ans pursue sustainable development. As an important foundation for high-quality development, a good business environment has received more and more attention, and it is not difficult to see from the reality of economic development that a good business environment can significantly improve the level of technological innovation, but on the theoretical level, the black box of how to improve technological innovation in the business environment has not yet been opened, and the specific mechanism is still unclear.#br#In this context, this paper introduces the analytical perspective of entrepreneurship, trying to open the black box of the path of business environment and technological innovation. Through sorting out the relevant literature and basic theories, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the business environment affecting technological innovation, constructs the analytical framework of business environment - entrepreneurship - technological innovation. This paper conducts empirical tests，specifically, selects provincial data from 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018 based on international experience and China's national conditions. Subsequently this study constructs a business environment measurement index with "Chinese characteristics". Based on the panel fixed effect model, the overall business environment and its four dimensions of technological innovation promotion effect are studied, and the intermediary effect model is constructed with entrepreneurship as the intermediary variable to explore the influence mechanism of the business environment on the technological innovation.#br#There are three findings in the reseach. (1) The optimization of business environment has had a significant positive effect on China's technological innovation, but its effect is mainly presented on the supply of capital than the supply of institutions. Among the institutional factors, the impact of efficient and clean government environment on technological innovation is more obvious.（2）Entrepreneurship is an important intermediary variable between business environment and technological innovation. The factors of business environment and the incentive structure of the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit have heterogeneity to the influence of technological innovation.（3）The role of explicit incentive in business environment is obvious, but endo-excitation is insufficient; the problem of emphasizing entrepreneurship over innovation is still more prominent both in the business environment or entrepreneurship.#br#The research conclusions of this paper can provide policy enlightenment for continuously optimizing the business environment, stimulating entrepreneurship, and promoting technological innovation, and China's optimization of the business environment in the new era needs to be organically combined with the cultivation and stimulation of entrepreneurship, in order to maximize the level of technological innovation and promote high-quality economic development.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 12-22 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1440KB] ( 384 )
Regional Scientific Development
23 Human Capital, Green Technology Innovation, and Total Factor Carbon Emission Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
He Weijun,Li Wenqin,Deng Mingliang
With the gradual transformation of China's economy and society, China has entered a new stage of high-quality development. It has become an important symbol and task of China's high-quality economic and social development to accelerating carbon emission reduction and realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization as soon as possible. The Yangtze River Economic Belt holds a major strategic position related to the overall development of the country, coordinating high-quality development and high-level protection, continuously promoting the accumulation of human capital, supporting green technological innovation and accelerating the improvement of total factor carbon emission efficiency. High-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is vital to China's ecological priority green development and national economic development. Therefore this study aims to explore the ways in which human capital, green technology innovation affects total factor carbon emission efficiency, whether green technology innovation can effectively play the mediating effect, and the impact of human capital on the overall efficiency of green technology innovation with the constraints of green technology innovation. There are theoretical and practical issues such as whether the influence of factor carbon emission efficiency has nonlinear characteristics.#br#Therefore, based on the panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1999 to 2019, the study first uses the global super-efficiency SBM model to measure the total factor carbon emission efficiency. Then, based on the extended STIRPAT model, a mediation effect test model is constructed to examine the path of human capital and green technology innovation affecting the total factor carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Finally, this study uses the interaction term and panel threshold model to examine the differences and nonlinear characteristics of human capital-driven total factor carbon emission efficiency with different levels of green technology innovation.#br#The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) Human capital and green technological innovation can effectively promote the green and low-carbon development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Human capital is the main body and basic condition of green and low-carbon development. The research results show that the improvement of human capital level can effectively promote the efficiency of total factor carbon emission in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and promote the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of production and lifestyle. The test results show that the improvement of green technology innovation level has a significant positive driving effect on the total factor carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It can play an important supporting role in carbon development. (2) Green technological innovation can play a partial intermediary effect in human capital driving the improvement of total factor carbon emission efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The test results of the mediation effect model show that the improvement of human capital can promote the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation by popularization and promotion of the concept of green and low-carbon, as well as the improvement of the total factor carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. (3) Green technological innovation has the characteristic of gradualness ingiving full play to the green and low-carbon effect of human capital. The nonlinear test results show that the level of green technology innovation can effectively promote the green and low-carbon effect of human capital. At the same time, the improvement of green technology innovation ability and level can promote human capital to drive the improvement of total factor carbon emission efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to a greater extent.#br# Different from the traditional methods and perspectives for carbon emission reading and single factor carbon emission efficiency, this study uses the global super-efficiency SBM model to measure the total factor carbon emission efficiency. It focuses on technological innovation from the carbon perspective, and explores the impact of green technological innovation on the efficiency of total factor carbon emissions. Moreover the study combines human capital, green technological innovation, the total factor carbon emission efficiency into the same analysis framework, and the mediation effect model and the panel threshold model are used to examine the path and nonlinear characteristics of human capital and green technology innovation affecting the total factor carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It enriches the research content and perspective of green and low-carbon development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, expands the application field of total factor productivity and provides a reference for subsequent research.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 23-32 [Abstract] ( 662 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1355KB] ( 377 )
33 The Construction Path of Smart Services Enabling Innovative Urban Agglomeration: from the Perspective of Physical and Virtual Industrial Agglomeration
Chen Yan,Zhang Liyezi,Song Wenbin
Nowadays, China's urbanization development has been changing from decentralized development model of small and medium-sized cities to the development model of innovative urban agglomeration centered on core cities. The smart service capabilities based on artificial intelligence technology have become the new driving force for cities to gain new regional competitive advantages. However, the overall innovation level of China's urban agglomeration is facing many bottlenecks such as the low level of investment, technology innovation and talents, which seriously restrict the coordinated development of regions. In this context, it is particularly urgent to explore the optimal path for the integrated development of urban agglomerations oriented to the innovation-driven development strategy. At the same time, the new generation of information technology has broken the limitations of physical space and promotes the transformation of industrial agglomeration from geographical agglomeration model to virtual agglomeration model centered on real-time data and information exchange, forming the dual industrial agglomeration model in which virtual agglomeration and geographical agglomeration coexist. Existing research has confirmed the important role of geographical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration in promoting regional innovation. However, most studies only examine the impact from a single perspective, and explore the impact of smart services on regional innovation without the consideration of the differences between physical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration. Therefore, this paper builds the theoretical framework from the perspective of dual industrial agglomeration to explore the construction path of smart service enabling innovative urban agglomerations and analyze the differential impact mechanism of dual industrial agglomeration on the relationship between smart services and regional innovation.#br#This paper selected the panel data of Chinese 271 cities from 2011 to 2019 as the sample and constructed a Chinese Regional Smart Service Development Index based on the three-dimensional data sources of regions, industries and enterprises. Then it empirically examined the impact of smart services on regional innovation performance as well as the underlying mechanism by employing a two-way fixed effects model.#br#The results show that smart services have a significant positive impact on the breadth and depth of regional innovation performance. In addition, affected by network externalities, smart services have a U-shaped nonlinear effect on regional innovation quantity, while a nonlinear effect on regional innovation quality which decreases first and then increases by marginal effect. The dual industrial agglomeration, physical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration play a mediating role in the relationship between regional smart services and regional innovation performance. The influence of smart services on regional innovation performance is heterogeneous among different regions. Specifically, the effect of smart services on regional innovation performance is significant in the eastern region, central cities and urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and middle Reaches of Yangtze River, while it is not significant in Guanzhong Plain Urban agglomeration.#br#This paper makes the following theoretical contributions. First, it makes a comprehensive measurement of the development of smart services from the city level based on the three-dimensional data sources of regions, industries and enterprises. Compared with previous studies, this method can measure the regional differences of smart services more accurately. Second, this paper reveals the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the smart services and regional innovation, which providing theoretical support for the construction path of smart services enabling the innovative urban agglomerations. Third, different from the single perspective of previous studies on physical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration, this paper builds the dual paths of smart service enabling regional innovation in the digital age by introducing the concept of dual industrial agglomeration. This results provide guidance for regional transformation and upgrading from traditional factor input to the intelligent, high-end, and virtualized innovative industrial clusters. This paper is also of great significance for promoting China's regional innovation to improve quality and efficiency.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 33-41 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1329KB] ( 276 )
Industrial Technological Progress
42 Innovation Network's Dual Embeddedness, Network Coupling and Industry Upgrading:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Panel Data of Listed Companies
Meng Qingshi,Xiong Li,Yu Jiang,Chen Feng
In the background of global digital innovation, value creating model in traditional products and services is undergoing change. In order to reduce the risk brought by technical uncertainty, innovators and investors of emerging industries tend to focus on mature industry areas and reduce risk by joint investment on technology innovation process or dual innovation strategies.Therefore, innovation decisions based on firms' managers exist at the same time in the innovation cooperation network between firms and the relationship network based on joint investment between shareholders, that is, the dual embedding of innovation network.In the industrial innovation network composed of industrial technological innovation actors, the heterogeneous resource endowment owned by different actors is the internal power that determines the formation, development and evolution of the network community structure and potential technological track formed by the cooperation between actors.Based on the impact analysis of individual characteristics of innovation and other individual-level elements on the overall transformation and upgrading of the industry, it can be seen that technological innovation in the flat panel display industry is intensive, and most firms are cross-field innovators.The high correlation between industrial technologies makes it more difficult to integrate new technologies into the existing technological system. Therefore, the dual network embedding will make the innovation cooperation closer, and the relationship between firms and shareholders will produce coupling, jointly affecting the innovation and development of the industry. This paper attempts to reveal the complex and dynamic mechanism of how individual-level industrial network affect industrial innovation and upgrading and provide references for multiple innovation embedding research.
In this paper, the panel data model of 291 listed companies in the flat panel display industry from 2009 to 2020 is constructed to empirically analyze the impact of innovation network factors on industrial development in industry upgrading from the perspective of dual network embedding.In order to increase the coverage and representativeness of firm samples, this paper chooses the representative flat panel display industry in the field of electronic information. As a basic and integrated and spanning industry, it includes multiple new generation information technology fields, and its technological innovation and technological evolution conform to borderless and modular characteristics of digital innovation.Considering that the Growth Enterprise Market in China was established in 2009, and the rapid development of China's flat panel display industry began in 2009 (it entered the period of rapid development after 2010 according to the comprehensive trend of technology and market development), the time range of sample data selection is set from 2009 to 2020.The patent data of sample firms were retrieved from Derwent Innovations Index database, and the adjacent matrix of innovation cooperation between firms from 2009 to 2020 was constructed based on patent cooperation application and Matlab software programming. Meanwhile, the data of top ten shareholders of 291 firms by shareholding was extracted from Wind database, and the shareholder relationship network was constructed based on joint investment behaviors.With the data of innovation network embedding and industry upgrading, the negative binomial regression model is used to test the theoretical hypothesis.
It is found that the connectivity and community scale of companies' individual innovative network, density of stockholders’ relation network and companies’ innovative capability have positive impacts on industry upgrading. Because of the negative influence of innovation decision conflict between manager and investor on industry upgrading, the network connectivity and companies’ R&D investment will be unfavorable for industry upgrading under the influence of overly dense relations between stockholders. The research results also show that the industry upgrading is a dynamics process including multiple dimensions comprised of companies’ individual innovation, innovative collaboration between firms and investors. Further research shall be focused on how to reduce the uncertainty of digital innovation and make effective use of the networked and innovation collaboration mechanism.
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 42-52 [Abstract] ( 363 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1457KB] ( 498 )
53 The Measurement and Spatial Difference of Provincial Comparative Advantage of Electronic Information Industry National Value Chain
Wan Ke,Liu Yaobin
With the tension tension of Sino-US game, the western countries have strengthened the technological blockade of the electronic information industry against China. The external crises and challenges have further highlighted the bottlenecks and disadvantages of at the present stage, which is mainly embedded in the middle and low end of the global value chain with low factor costs (especially labor) and environmental resources. If China's electronic information industry can not rise from low-tech industry to high-tech industry with the comparative advantages, it will be difficult for China to cross the comparative advantage trap and even threat national security. As a large country with a vast territory and significant differences in domestic resource endowments, China has the great potential to use the spatial differences of provincial comparative advantages to build an inter-provincial division and cooperation system on national value chain, so as to improve the independent technology research and development and overall comparative advantage of electronic information industry. Under the condition of vertical division of labor within products, the total trade statistic method of the traditional comparative advantage theory can not avoid the "statistical illusion", resulting in the falseness of the conclusion. Therefore, it has become a scientific proposition with research value to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the inter-provincial comparative advantages and spatial differences of China's electronic information industry national value chain.#br#Within the framework of vertical specialization in value chain products, taking into account the two dimensions of value-added capacity and labor productivity, this paper designs and puts forward a new index to evaluate the real comparative advantage of regional electronic information industry within the country. By using non-competitive input-output model and non-competitive input-occupancy-output model, this paper makes an empirical study based on the relevant data of China Provincial Input-Output Table and China Labor Statistics Yearbook. The research firstly takes into account the value-added ability index and labor productivity index of comparative advantage, and designs a two-dimensional evaluation index of provincial industrial comparative advantage that can effectively avoid the statistical illusion. Then it measures and screens the core related industries of the national value chain of the electronic information industry, evaluates the comparative advantages of 31 provinces in the upstream and downstream division of labor, and analyzes their spatial differences from the three levels of region, province and industrial sector. Thirdly the study designs and puts forward the provincial primacy of comparative advantage, and analyzes the provincial concentration degree of comparative advantage in each division of labor of the national value chain of electronic information industry. Corresponding policy suggestions to improve the overall comparative advantage of China's electronic information industry national value chain are proposed.#br#The results show that the strength and breadth of the comparative advantage of the eastern coastal provinces are the most significant, while the comparative advantage of the inland provinces is concentrated in the upstream energy sectors. The comparative advantage of the manufacturing sector is prominent, while the comparative advantage of the service sector is relatively weak. In the industrial sectors with high and low provincial concentration of comparative advantage, there are differences in the strength of the overall comparative advantage at the same time. Among them, the comparative advantage intensity of industrial sectors with high provincial concentration is relatively higher.#br#The possible innovations of this paper are as follows. Firstly, since the one-dimensional index is not comprehensive enough to evaluate the comparative advantage of regional industries, the RCA index is transformed into VRCA index with trade added value and the VRCA index is used to weight the domestic added value and construct the value-added ability index. while the labor productivity index is constructed by measuring the complete employment demand coefficient of provincial industries, and finally a two-dimensional evaluation index of provincial industrial comparative advantage which can effectively avoid the statistical illusion is designed. Secondly, in order to fit the trade characteristics of the national value chain, this paper makes an objective and comprehensive analysis on the provincial domestic value-added capacity of China's electronic information industry, and uses the improved non-competitive input-occupancy-output model to decompose the foreign export added value and domestic output added value of the provincial industry. Thirdly, with reference to the law of the primate city, this paper measures the provincial primacy of comparative advantage and explores the provincial concentration degree of comparative advantage in each division of labor of electronic information industry national value chain.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 53-63 [Abstract] ( 326 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1318KB] ( 255 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
64 The Impact of Industry-University-Research Integration Degree on Innovation Performance of High-tech Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Zhang Yufei,Yuan Changhong,Zhang Shuman
It is a Chinese major strategy of building deep-integrated industry-university-research (IUR) technological innovation system to cope with the current complex changing international environment and fulfill domestic requirements of high-quality development. Under this background, more and more high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have taken the path of IUR integration, and chosen to frequently form high-quality alliances with universities or research institutes within multiple fields, in order to obtain complementary external resources and recombine them with internal resources, ultimately achieving high-quality innovation performance and rapid firm growth. However, since IUR deep integration is a new practical phenomena and theoretical problem, rigorous academic at home and abroad research just started. At present, there are only a few studies on IUR deep integration only focusing on the concepts, organizational models, operating mechanisms, and evolution paths. Specifically at first the existing research on IUR integration still remains at macro level, instead of systematically exploring the phenomenon of firm-level IUR integration from micro level, failing to provide theoretical supports to firms’ practices of IUR integration. Secondly, limited by the ambiguity and complexity of the phenomenon of IUR integration, existing research has not yet touched on the measurement or evaluation of IUR integration degree, and no mature quantitative measurement indicators have been established to measure the degree of firm-level IUR integration. Thirdly, although the influencing results of IUR integration are extensive in practices, the current academic community pays little attention to the performance effects of IUR integration, and only a few studies use qualitative research methods such as case studies to explore the mechanism of the effects of IUR integration. No quantitative empirical analyses have been conducted before, which cannot guide high-tech SMEs to improve their innovation performance through IUR integration. In addition, in the past research on IUR cooperation at micro level, two-dimension indicators, namely breadth and depth, were used to measure the degree of IUR cooperation from the aspect of large listed firms, which cannot reflect the true connotation of deep integration requirements of deep and close cooperative relationship in IUR integration and cannot fully measure the degree of IUR integration. Taken together, this paper raises the following research questions. To what extent and under what conditions does the degree of IUR integration affect the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs? #br#Given the above research gaps, based on analyses the macro and micro connotation of IUR integration, this paper first constructed a three-indicator comprehensive evaluation model of IUR integration from aspects of breadth, depth, and frequency. Second, this paper theoretically hypothesized and analyzed the impact of IUR integration breadth, depth and frequency on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs, as well as the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. Third, this paper constructed unbalanced panel data of 150 listed manufacturing firms on the Chinese Growth Enterprises Market (GEM) Board from 2013 to 2017 in order to empirically test the impacts of IUR integration breadth, depth, and frequency on the innovation performances of high-tech SMEs and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. #br#Results show that firstly In recent years, IUR integration breadth, depth and frequency of Chinese high-tech SMEs have risen with fluctuations, gradually moving towards a stage of deep integration; secondly IUR integration breadth and depth have significant positive impacts on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs; thirdly IUR integration frequency has significant negative impact on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs; and fourthly environment uncertainty strengthens the positive relationship between IUR integration breadth and innovation performance of high-tech SMEs, weakens the positive relationship between IUR integration depth and innovation performance of high-tech SMEs and strengthens the negative relationship between IUR integration frequency and innovation performance of high-tech SMEs. #br#On the one hand, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation model of firm-level IUR integration from three dimensions of the breadth, depth and frequency and realized the quantitative evaluation using scientific methods and objective data, making up for the shortcomings of previous studies that mainly focused on analyses from the macro perspective. On the other hand, this paper theoretically hypothesized and empirically analyzed the influencing mechanism of IUR integration on innovation performances of high-tech SMEs and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty on these relationships, contributing to relevant research on IUR integration as well as expanding domestic and foreign related research on the performance impacts of IUR cooperation. Moreover this paper provides certain practical guidance for improving low-efficient IUR integration with poor mechanism and institutional environment that facilitates IUR integration.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 64-74 [Abstract] ( 474 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1480KB] ( 242 )
75 The Influence of Geographical Distance and Organizational Distance between Supply Chain Enterprises on Cooperative Innovation Performance
Zhang Guangling,Wang Peng,Hu Qinfang
As market demands become more diverse and individualized, firms need to develop new products faster, at lower cost, and with better quality to win customers and gain a greater competitive advantage in the marketplace. However, traditional product innovation has many limitations and can no longer meet the needs of rapidly changing markets, and firms need to collaborate with their external supply chain partners to create or maintain a competitive advantage. To improve collaborative innovation performance, firms must be aware of the important role that geographical and organizational distance play in the collaborative innovation process. However, previous research has not explored neither of the impact of geographic nor organizational distance on collaborative innovation performance and their mechanisms.#br#This paper takes manufacturing industry component suppliers as the research object, and after screening, questionnaires were distributed to 316 manufacturing component suppliers, and finally 141 valid questionnaires were obtained as data samples. The data collection and collation process of this paper is very rigorous, and the common deviation problem is tested by the marker variable method. Through the empirical research method, this paper thoroughly explores the influence of geographical distance and organizational distance between supply chain firms on cooperative innovation performance and its mediating mechanism, and analyzes the moderating effect of geographical distance on the influence of organizational distance.#br#The results show that geographical distance and organizational distance have significant negative effects on collaborative innovation performance, new product development speed and new product innovation; new product innovation and new product development speed have significant positive effects on collaborative innovation performance; new product development speed has a mediating role in the process of geographical distance and organizational distance affecting collaborative innovation performance, while new product innovation does not have a mediating role in it. The effect of geographical distance on the relationship between organizational distance and new product development speed is not significant, but it exacerbates the negative effect of organizational distance on new product innovation. Unlike previous studies, this study considers both geographic distance and organizational distance on collaborative innovation performance and explores the mechanisms of their interactions in depth, which to some extent makes up for the limitations of previous studies that only consider the role of a single factor. This study thus has implications for practice. First, when selecting supply chain partners for collaborative innovation, firms should consider the differences between them in terms of geographic location, organizational structure and arrangement as key factors, and avoid choosing supply chain partners with large geographical and organizational distances for collaborative innovation activities. Secondly, for supply chain partners who are cooperating in innovation, firms should understand each other’s differences in terms of geographic location, organizational structure and arrangement, and take active measures to actively promote the speed of new product development and the degree of innovation of new products, so as to promote the optimization of cooperative innovation performance. Thirdly, if there is indeed a large geographical and organizational distance between the firm and its existing supply chain partners, it is necessary toshorten the geographical distance between the border personnel of both sides, such as unifying and fixing the place for the border personnel to cooperate with both sides.#br#This study takes the urban rail transit industry as research object. In the future, more data from different industries can be obtained for analysis to improve the universality and application value of the research conclusion. In addition, the boundary conditions of geographical distance and organizational distance between supply chain enterprises affecting cooperative innovation performance have not been analyzed. So the key situational factors affecting the relationship between them and cooperative innovation performance, such as information technology governance can be explored next. Lastly longitudinal research design could be adopted in future research to accurately reveal and further test the causality between the main research variables.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 75-82 [Abstract] ( 380 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1244KB] ( 362 )
83 Entrepreneurs' Risk-taking Tendency, Regional Adventurism and Enterprise Innovation：A Moderated Mediation Model
Yuan Feifei,Xie Yongzhen
In the post-epidemic era, the global economic value chain is facing a comprehensive adjustment with unknown macroeconomic direction. Digitalization and intelligence are accelerating the transformation effect of the new industrial revolution. Enterprises are the microscopic subjects that enable high-quality economic development, and technological innovation is the fundamental method to achieve high-quality enterprise development. The research on the factors influencing the antecedents of corporate innovation strategy has been abundant, but the research at the executive level has mainly focused on explicit traits such as professional background and education, ignoring the implicit traits of entrepreneurs. According to the higher echelon theory and leadership theory, the personal traits of entrepreneurs influence the decision-making behavior and results of the firm, and their role is constrained by contextual factors. The innovation decision of enterprise members is not only influenced by the internal driving force of individual sense of risk-taking, but also by the atmosphere of regional environment. Based on this, this paper constructs a model of the influence of entrepreneurial risk-taking tendency on innovation decision-making and innovation performance under the moderating effect of regional risk-taking spirit. The purpose of this paper is to explore: (1) the effect of entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity on innovation investment and innovation performance; (2) the mediating effect of innovation investment between entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity and innovation performance; (3) the differences in the effect of entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity on innovation investment and innovation performance in different regional risk-taking contexts; (4) the moderating effect of regional adventurism on the mediating effect of innovation inputs.#br#This paper takes listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen cities from 2014-2019 as the research sample. It makes descriptive statistics on the main variables by year. The results of ANOVA show that there are significant differences among the variables in different years. Referring to the previous research，this study proposes six models. Model 1 examines the impact of entrepreneurs' risk-taking tendency on innovation performance Model 2 examines the impact of entrepreneurs' risk-taking tendency on innovation investment. Model 3 examines the impact of innovation investment on innovation performance. Model 4 examines the mediating effect of innovation investment between entrepreneurs' risk-taking tendency and innovation performance; The interaction term between model tendency and regional risk-taking spirit has an impact on the entrepreneurs of innovative 5 innovation performance evaluation enterprises, that is, to explore the regulatory effect of regional risk-taking spirit on the relationship between entrepreneurs' risk-taking tendency and innovation performance; Model 6 explores the regulatory effect of regional risk-taking spirit on the relationship between entrepreneurs' risk-taking tendency and innovation investment; Model 7 is a total factor model, which is also a model in which intermediary effect and regulatory effect play a role together to test the regulatory effect of regional adventure spirit on the intermediary effect of innovation investment.#br#The results of empirical data show that entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity has a positive effect on innovation investment and innovation performance; innovation investment promotes innovation performance and plays a partially mediating role between entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity and innovation performance; the moderating effect of regional risk-taking on the relationship between entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity and innovation performance is inverted U-shaped.#br#This paper focuses on the influence of entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity and regional risk-taking spirit on firm behaviors, emphasizes the importance of informal institutions, and expands the study of the factors influencing the antecedents of firm innovation. It establishes a complete theoretical model of the role of entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity on innovation performance through innovation inputs under the regulation of regional risk-taking spirit, which provides a way to unveil the "black box" between entrepreneurial personal traits and firm performance. It provides a new perspective to uncover the "black box" between entrepreneurs' personal traits and firm performance, and extends the study of the mechanism and boundaries of the role of entrepreneurial risk-taking tendency. In addition, this paper not only uses hierarchical regression to determine part of the mediating effect of innovation input, but also further estimates the coefficient value of the mediating effect of innovation input, which provides methodological reference for the subsequent related research.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 83-93 [Abstract] ( 483 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1353KB] ( 583 )
94 The Influence Mechanism of Environmental Regulation on Enterprise Green Innovation:Dual Adjustment Based on Strategic Flexibility and Regional Differences
Sun Bing,Cong Guiyu,Tian Shengnan
Enterprise green innovation is an important way to achieve environmental governance and green development. However, due to the huge cost of environmental management, enterprises lack the motivation for green innovation. Therefore, it is necessary to guide enterprises to actively carry out green innovation with the help of environmental regulation policies. In fact, Enterprise green innovation requires both policy guidance from environmental regulations and strong strategic flexibility to coordinate with it. At the same time, the economic development level and innovation capabilities of different regions in China also show obvious spatial differences. The impact of these differences on the relationship between environmental regulations and enterprise green innovation is also worthy of further discussion. Therefore, this paper incorporates environmental regulations, strategic flexibility, regional differences and enterprise green innovation into the same research framework. Explore the dual impact mechanism of environmental regulations on enterprise green innovation, and reveal the moderating effects of strategic flexibility and regional differences on the relationship between the two.#br#This paper selects manufacturing enterprises with serious environmental pollution as the survey objects and uses questionnaire surveys to obtain data, and finally retrieves 530 valid questionnaires. Based on survey data, the dual impact mechanism of environmental regulations on enterprise green innovation is empirically tested, and the regional difference impact of environmental regulations on enterprise green innovation is tested by group regression.#br#The results show that Environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on enterprise green technology innovation and enterprise green management innovation, and has a stronger positive impact on the former; Strategic flexibility positively regulates environmental regulation and enterprise green technology innovation, enterprise green management innovation the relationship between them, and the adjustment effect on the latter is greater; The impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green innovation presents the regional differences of "East and Central Leaders, Weak in Western Region": Environmental regulation has the most positive effect on enterprise green technology innovation and enterprise green management innovation in central and eastern regions, respectively Strong, but weaker in the west.#br#There are three innovations in this article.First, this paper breaks through the limitations of previous studies that regard green innovation as a whole variable or equate it with green technology innovation, divides green innovation into two dimensions: green technology innovation and green management innovation, reveals the dual impact mechanism of environmental regulations on enterprise green innovation and enriches the theoretical connotation and research dimensions of green innovation. Second, this paper takes into account the comprehensive effects of internal and external environmental factors, and comprehensively examines the mechanism of environmental regulation on enterprise green innovation from the perspective of strategic management theory. Finally, this paper focuses on the differential impact of environmental regulations on enterprise green innovation from the regional level. This research results expand the spatial dimension of the impact of environmental regulations on enterprise green innovation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 94-102 [Abstract] ( 336 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1323KB] ( 292 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
103 The Impact of Science and Technology System Reform on the Performance of Provincial Innovation System: A Study Based on Inter-provincial Panel Data from 2011 to 2019
Wei Jianzhang,Ren Ting
In 2015, China implemented the scientific and technological system reform emphasizing on the coordination of the innovation system and the strengthening of investment in basic research. It is an important research topic if this experimental innovation governance can be transformed into actual governance effectiveness. More specifically it refers to four aspects. Firstly do reforms such as more allocation right of scientific research funds for scientific research teams in colleges and universities promote the free flow of talents between colleges and research institutes and knowledge production? Secondly on the supply side of knowledge innovation, are reforms such as the right to independently use scientific research funds effectively transformed into the improvement of innovation performance of enterprises? Thirdly does the growth of corporate R&D investment in stimulating the knowledge innovation system strengthen the innovation performance of universities and research institutes? Fourthly, has the allocation of basic research resources allocated to universities and R&D institutions achieved the goal of improving the efficiency of the scientific and technological innovation system? The existing studies have focused on qualitative analysis and case analysis of S&T system reform, but there is a lack of empirical analysis of S&T system reform on innovation system performance, especially less research on the impact mechanism of the science and technology system reform on the interaction between different innovation subjects in the innovation system. Wherefore the paper conducts an in-depth study on the effect of the technological reform on the innovation system by analyzing the evolution of the six pairs of input-output impact relationships between universities, R&D institutions, and enterprises before and after China`s reform of the scientific and technological system.#br#This paper takes the number of patents applied by universities and R&D institutions, and the sales revenue of new products of industrial enterprises in 31 provinces as the dependent variables, and their R&D investment as the independent variable, and controls the openness and regional development level of the provinces. We verify the hypothesis by a grouped regression model. In order to examine the effect of the scientific and technological system reform, the time period of the sample data is divided into two groups, one is from 2011 to 2015 before the scientific and technological system reform, and the other is from 2016 to 2019 after the reform. In order to further verify the hypothesis, we use the number of thesis from universities and R&D institutions and the number of patent applications from industrial enterprises above designated size to perform econometric regression.#br#The results show that:(1)science and technology system reform is remarkable to improve each other in colleges and research-development organization in the knowledge innovation system; (2)the reform of science and technology system has strengthened the role of enterprise technological innovation demand in improving the innovation performance of knowledge innovation systems such as colleges and research-development organization; (3)increasing the supply side investment of knowledge innovation system subjects such as colleges and research-development organization has a negative effect on the sales of new products; (4)the marginal output of basic research funds in colleges and research-development organization is lower than the enterprise. #br#This paper integrates innovation system theory and institutional economics theory with the research results in the field of innovation performance. By distinguishing the heterogeneity of the impact of investment on innovation performance among different innovation subjects in the innovation system, the paper enriches the research on the impact of S&T system reform on the innovation system, and demonstrates the impact of S&T system reform on the resource allocation mode of basic research investment. In addition, through the mechanism analysis of the impact of scientific and technological system reform on the performance of innovation system, the RASP path (Reform-Action-Structure-Performance) of China's innovation-driven development strategy is proposed, which expands the SCP（Structure-Conduct-Performance） theory. The research conclusions of the article provide empirical evidence for deepening the reform of the provincial science and technology system in the allocation of basic research funds and the release of the potential of the knowledge innovation system. First of all, it will help to improve the performance of basic research by deepening the reform of the allocation method of basic research resources and increasing the support and funding for basic research of enterprises.Secondly, it will help improve the performance of China's scientific and technological achievements transformation by deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system in colleges and universities, improving the freedom of college innovation and accelerating the construction of a college system that serves innovation. Finally, to accelerate the free flow of talents among various innovative entities, it is necessary to further deepen the reform of talent management systems such as scientific and technological talent evaluation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 103-113 [Abstract] ( 291 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1485KB] ( 308 )
114 On the Patentability and Ownership of Artificial Intelligence-generated Inventions
Chen Quanzhen,Xu Difeng
Artificial intelligence is a creative system with deep learning capabilities, language recognition capabilities, machine perception capabilities, and knowledge map construction capabilities. On the basis of this connotation, artificial intelligence is likely to get rid of human intervention in the future, realize independent invention and creation, and gradually become the most important field in the global patent layout, providing an important way for artificial intelligence investors to obtain huge profits. It is foreseeable that it will become the high ground of artificial intelligence intellectual property rights to generate the technical solutions by artificial intelligence. Consequently artificial intelligence inventions will have a huge impact on the current patent system and theories. This impact is manifested on the macro level as the purpose of the patent system, the value system is facing reconstruction, and the micro level is manifested as the patent object. The scope is expanded, the criteria for judging the three natures of patent examination are improved, and the rights of related subjects overlap. Under the current legal system, inventions generated by artificial intelligence are necessary to be protected, and they can also be included in the scope of protection of the current patent system. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a set of patent ownership distribution models that are specifically applicable to artificial intelligence inventions.#br#Traditional patent object examination standards do not deny the patentability of program algorithms. As a method patent, the program algorithm does not need to cater to the new examination standards of computer programs. On the contrary, the program algorithm can follow the patent examination standard of the traditional method. Therefore, under the guidance of the "algorithm + technology" rule, it can prevent artificial intelligence inventions from being effectively protected due to the lack of physical boundaries by clarifying the artificial intelligence generation technology scheme as a method patent object. When the artificial intelligence generation technology program can meet the traditional requirements of "material state change", it should be given the opportunity of continuous review. In addition, although artificial intelligence inventions have a certain impact on the review of the three characteristics of patents, they are not insoluble. The three characteristics test of artificial intelligence invention is essentially a technical self-certification problem. When the traditional review model is not enough to deal with this unique invention, it is necessary to learn from the neutral advantage of artificial intelligence technology and conduct "new-style review" of related inventions.#br#In the field of artificial intelligence patents, on the one hand, relevant industrial policies protect their monopoly interests by granting artificial intelligence investors or owners with patent rights, encouraging capital investment and technological innovation, realizing the long-term development of artificial intelligence technology, and promoting the growth of the national economy and social welfare. On the other hand, the granting of some artificial intelligence invention patents may also cause the phenomenon of "patent jungle" and restrict the subsequent innovation and development of artificial intelligence technology. Therefore, it should be based on the consideration of industrial interests first, and patents should be granted after the relevant technical solutions are mature. It can be seen that in the field of artificial intelligence patents, industrial interests are the first element to measure whether artificial intelligence inventions can be patented. Industrial policy theory is based on the overall interests of society, not simply protecting the monopoly interests of artificial intelligence patent holders, but more importantly, promoting the progress of the national artificial intelligence industry and economic development. As the subject of patent rights, artificial intelligence may cause ethical conflicts and violate the legislative purpose of the patent law. Denying the legitimacy of the subject of artificial intelligence patents means that we must refocus on artificial intelligence investors, designers and users to find new patentees in order to properly resolve the issue of the ownership of artificial intelligence-generated invention patents. From the perspective of industrial policy and interest incentive theory, it can better promote the development of artificial intelligence technology by building an artificial intelligence invention patent ownership system with investors as the core and supplemented by the principle of autonomy of will.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 114-121 [Abstract] ( 516 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1187KB] ( 604 )
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
122 Organizational Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management Capability and Open Innovation Performance
Yu Dengke,Zhang Wanjun
In the context of economic globalization, more and more enterprises promote open innovation to obtain sustainable competitive advantage. Compared with closed innovation, open innovation relies more on an organization's knowledge management ability, including the knowledge governance ability involving cross-border cooperation, multi-organization collaboration, and the balance between knowledge protection and knowledge sharing. According to the intellectual management theory, knowledge resources and organizational character, as intangible resources with strategic significance, are the engine driving enterprise innovation and development. This study therefore considers that knowledge resources and organizational character are the driving factors of open innovation behavior and performance, and the driving mechanism relies on the mediating role of knowledge management ability.#br#In this study, a structural equation model is constructed and fitted to verify two scientific questions. Do knowledge resources and organizational character significantly drive open innovation performance? Does knowledge management ability play a significant mediating role in the above mentioned path? It is hoped to develop a new perspective of resource-based view for the formation and promotion mechanism of open innovation performance, and guide enterprises to carry out open innovation practices and improve organizational performance in the background of global sharing economy.#br#This study uses AMOS tool to test the structural equation model, and measures the relationships between organizational character, knowledge resources, network embeddedness, knowledge management ability and open innovation performance. It employs Bootstrap to examine the mediating effect of knowledge management capability as well as its mediating effect that moderates by network embeddedness.#br#The results show that organizational intellectual capital, including knowledge resources and organizational character, have a significant positive impact on open innovation performance, and knowledge management ability plays a significant mediating effect. The mediating effect is still significant when network embeddedness moderates the relationship between organizational character and knowledge management ability. It finds that the intellectual capital of organizations can improve the performance of open innovation by strengthening knowledge management abilities.#br# This study answers the questions that how the accumulation of knowledge resources drives open innovation, and how the formation and improvement of knowledge management ability plays an intermediary role. In addition, in the context of open innovation, this study also considers organizational character as a strategic resource affecting the formation of performance, and juxtaposes its importance with knowledge resources, thus developing a new concept of organizational intellectual capital. It is a new theoretical framework to take intellectual capital as a whole to explore its role in knowledge management ability and open innovation performance. #br#Three management implications are proposed. First, with global sharing economy becoming general, it is crucial to implement innovation-driven development strategy in enterprises, and the introduction of open innovation is crucial to their sustainable developments. However, open innovation will bring a lot of challenges to enterprise ability. The coping strategy to those questions such as how to build open innovation strategy framework and system, how to obtain the resources and capabilities for open innovation, and how to implement environment conducive to open innovation performance need to be actively explored and gradually improved in practice. This study indicates that the formation and improvement of open innovation performance has its own path and rules, and enterprises are suggested to learn, follow and apply them flexibly. Second, organizations should vigorously develop its strategic intellectual capital, including knowledge resources and organizational character. Knowledge management can increase the stock of knowledge resources and activate the flow of knowledge resources, which is beneficial for knowledge resources to play a role in the process of open innovation. Through character management, enterprises can cultivate and advocate their characteristics, which can enhance the cohesion for the implementation of open innovation, and make the operation of open innovation system more stable and lasting. Finally, enterprises should attach great importance to knowledge management, strengthen their organization, process and capacity through knowledge management, and make it into an effective tool of open innovation. In addition, the operation of social network is also very important for the realization of enterprise open innovation performance. Enterprises should pay efforts in embedding structure and relationship in social network, and turn it into a carrier for organizations to gather and share knowledge and resources, so as to facilitate the realization of open innovation performance.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 122-131 [Abstract] ( 355 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1315KB] ( 305 )
132 Relationship Embedding,Knowledge Acquisition and BOP Market-oriented Product Innovation:Moderating Effects of Internal and External Uncertainties
Zhao Wu,Wang Anqi,Liu Wei
With the mainstream market increasingly saturated, more and more enterprises focus on the bottom of the pyramid market. By providing products and services to this market through product innovation, companies can not only foster new growth opportunities, but also create multiple social and environmental values by improving the living and production standards for people at the bottom of the pyramid. However, due to the market complexity and the uniqueness of people who are at the bottom of the pyramid, enterprises must be embedded in their social network and realize relationships coupling with them in order to realize product innovation gradually. In this case, there is a phenomenon of too much of a good thing in relationship embedding. In the market environment with increasing uncertainties, will the establishment of a closely coupled bilateral relationship between enterprises and people from the bottom of the pyramid be valuable or harmful to the relationship? How can companies get long-term value from the bilateral relationship and avoid the potential risks that come with it? #br#Based on the existing research on embedded relationships, knowledge acquisition, uncertainty and product innovation, this research regards product innovation as a result of value relationship between variables, and construct a theoretical framework of double loop collaborative knowledge acquisition-product innovation of the pyramid bottom. This paper explores how the double-loop synergy mechanism constructed by the interaction of bilateral relationship coupling and network embedded in the inter-departmental cooperation network of the bottom of pyramid affects the external knowledge acquisition of enterprises, and how it works on the product innovation market-orientedness of bottom pyramid. A nonlinear competitive mediation model is constructed, and independent variables (double-loop collaboration), intermediate variables (knowledge acquisition, cognitive bias) and dependent variables (product innovate) are included in the model. Through the distribution of 850 questionnaires to the electric bicycle industry, a total of 501 questionnaires were collected and 396 were valid. In order to verify the proposed hypothesis and model, SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.The reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the sample data were conducted by AMOS 21.0. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the two-loop collaboration mechanism and knowledge acquisition with cross-level embedding. High external uncertainty will enhance the inverted U-shaped relationship, but high internal uncertainty has no significant effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship. Through the partial mediating effect of knowledge acquisition, the final cross-level embedded double-loop synergy has an inverted U-shaped relationship with product innovation of the bottom of pyramid. #br#In theory, this study attempts to clarify the mechanism of relationship embedding, knowledge acquisition, internal and external uncertainty on product innovation of pyramid bottom market, make up for the defects of existing literature, and enrich the bottom of the pyramid theory, relationship embedding and other theories. This study has certain guiding significance for enterprises to control the degree of network embedding of bottom of pyramid, optimize network configuration and network governance. To be more specific, enterprises should continuously evaluate, predict and reflect on different BOP market environments in order to make discretionary choices. When the environment changes, especially the external uncertainty increases, enterprises should consciously adjust the open multiple relationship connection, trigger the collaborative innovation mechanism between organizations, and take the construction of external relations as a buffer of uncertainty. In the process of embedding BOP cross departmental network, enterprises should not only become the BOP output center, but also become the strategic coordination center for coordinating and integrating diversified cooperative relations.on the one hand, enterprises should use network resources to form complete business solutions based on trust and social capital, and create multiple values for society and BOP groups at the same time;on the other hand, it should weaken the short-sighted tendency in the binary relationship of partners and reduces the negative impact induced by the relationship mechanism.#br#This study is cross-sectional. In the future, we can add a longitudinal research design, take the time factor into account, and investigate the dynamic relationship between variables at different time nodes. At the same time, the questionnaire can be combined with experimental research, data simulation and other research methods.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 132-141 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1560KB] ( 316 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
142 The Double-edged Sword Effect of Multitasking on Employee Creativity: the Role of Cognitive Appraisal and Achievement Orientation
Yang Jianfeng,Xie Peng,Wang Danyang,Qiao Xiaotao
With the organizational intensifying competition in the modern society, the competition among enterprises has shifted from price competition to temporal competition. In response to these challenges, such as dynamic business conditions, growing competitive pressure, and demand for reform, companies increasingly expect employees to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously. This multitasking behaviour is a strategy for coping with organization multitasking demands, one of the most common stressors in the modern workplaces, and it has aroused much concern of theory and practice fields. The current literature focuses on positive effects of multitasking, such as increasing cognitive flexibility, improving work engagement and enhancing employee creativity. According to the reasoning based on cognitive appraisal theory of stress, multitasking, as a prevalent job requirement in the contemporary workplace, may trigger subsequent hindrance stressor, and ultimately cause negative work behavior of organizations, which are contrary to the research conclusions. Therefore, the positive and negative effects of multitasking deserve further study in this contradictory conclusion context.#br#In order to reveal the double-sidedness of multitasking, based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this paper takes the achievement orientation as a moderating variable and cognitive appraisal as a mediating variable to explore the influence effect and internal mechanism of multitasking on employee creativity. By the method of hierarchical regression and bootstrap, 341 valid paired samples collected in three periods were analyzed by regression analysis and hypothesis verification.The results show that achievement orientation moderates the relationship between multitasking and cognitive appraisal, which means under the influence of high achievement orientation, the positive relationship between multitasking and challenge appraisal will be enhanced, but the positive relationship between multitasking and threat appraisal will be weakened. Challenging appraisal has a positive effect on employee creativity, but threat appraisal has a negative effect on employee creativity. Challenge appraisal mediated the moderating effect of achievement orientation on multitasking and employee creativity, and threat appraisal mediated the moderating effect of achievement orientation on multitasking and employee creativity. That is to say, multitasking was most assessed as a challenge by individuals with high achievement orientation, which further motivated employee creativity. However, when individuals with low achievement orientation, multitasking was most appraised as a threat, which further stifled employee creativity.#br#This paper contributes to the existing literature in the following three aspects. First, this research expands the study on the existing variables and their interaction mechanisms through organically integrating the research fields of multitasking, achievement orientation, cognitive appraisal and employee creativity. Second, based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this paper particularly illustrates the double-edged sword effect mechanisms between multitasking and employee creativity in the workplace in the background of Chinese enterprises. Although multi-tasking is vital to employee creativity in practice, there is still a lack of systematic research. This study reveals the black box between multitasking and employee creativity, both positive and negative, expands the understanding of the effects of multitasking. Finally, this paper develops the contextual research on the role of multitasking and reveals the important role of achievement orientation, which effectively answers the questions of when multitasking triggers employee challenge appraisal and enhance creativity, and when it triggers employee threat appraisal and inhibits employee creativity.#br#This paper reveals the impact mechanism for multitasking on employee multitasking, to a certain degree. On the one hand, considering the double-edged sword effects of multitasking, it provides a reference to corporate executives that they should realize the significantly positive and negative impact of multitasking on the achievement of enterprises’ innovation strategic goals and sustainable development. They also need to realize that enterprises should improve the work distribution system, and ensure the effective role of achievement orientation, so as to motivate employees’ challenge appraisal. On the other hand, in order to enhance employee creativity, the enterprise can cultivate such organizational atmosphere as including their different personality, respecting their different values, recognizing their achievements, encouraging their innovation, forgiving their failure and voicing freely and so on, which are helpful to promote the challenge appraisal of employees and reduce the threat appraisal of employees.#br#Overall, by deeply analyzing the different evaluation of multitasking on employee creativity in different paths, further verifying the impact mechanism and expanding the boundary conditions, we put forward a new perspective for the study of multitasking, and also provide useful enlightenment for the organization to improve employee creativity.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 142-150 [Abstract] ( 373 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1306KB] ( 648 )
151 A Happy Family and a Successful Career: Research on the Influence Mechanism of Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior on the Individual Prosperity of Science and Technology Employees
Qin Yinglin,Lin Zhong,Yang Jiaxue
As the first resource of enterprise innovation and development, scientific and technological talents play an important role in promoting modernization. In recent years, how to realize the individual prosperous life of science and technology employees has gradually become a research hotspot. The rapid development of Internet technology has blurred the boundary between personal work and family life, and the interaction between work and family is becoming increasingly strong. However, the current research on family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) mostly explores its value from a single field of work or family, and few link FSSB with work-family enrichment (WFE), job prosperity and individual prosperity. Therefore this paper aims to explore the causal relationship among them. The study focuses on the overall quality of work and family life and harmonious win-win situation to pursue individual prosperity in dynamic effect between the two implementations. Based on the resource-acquisition-development theory and the resource-preservation theory, this paper explores the mechanism of family supportive supervisor behavior on employees′ individual flourishing life by following the main line of role-resource acquisition—work-family enrichment——role-resource utilization——work-family enrichment promoting individual work prosperity —individual flourishing life realization. Accordingly there are four hypothesis proposed as follows. SSB has a positive impact on individual prosperity. WFE plays an intermediary role in the relationship between FSSB and individual prosperity. Work prosperity plays an intermediary role in the impact of FSSB on individual prosperity. WFE and job prosperity play a chain-like intermediary role between FSSB and individual prosperity.#br#In this study, existing mature scales are applied in the questionnaire, and data are collected at multiple time points to ensure the effectiveness of the questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 567 employees of science and technology enterprises, this study explores the influence mechanism of FSSB on individual thriving with the traditional Chinese concept of family achievement and career support. The results show that FSSB positively predicted individual thriving of employees; (2) WFE plays an intermediary role in the influence of FSSB on individual thriving; (3) thriving at work affects FSSB on individual thriving；(4) when WFE and thriving at work are introduced into the model at the same time, the two have a chain-like intermediary effect, that is, FSSB promotes employees' WFE to further promote employees to achieve thriving at work, thereby helping employees achieve individual thriving.#br#This study provides several theoretical contributions. The results of this study theoretically reveal the black box of FSSB's action mechanism for employees in science and technology enterprises to achieve individual thriving, and further demonstrate the important role of FSSB in the realization of individual thriving of employees in science and technology enterprises with the traditional Chinese ideology of family achievement and career support. In addition, it reveals the transmission mechanism of FSSB's influence on individual thriving and the indirect chain effect of WFE and thriving at work between them, providing a new perspective for the positive impact of family supportive supervisor behavior. This study also provides some practical recommendations for organizations to achieve the individual thriving of employees, such as taking multiple ways to encourage executives' family support behaviors, using corporate culture to influence the positive values of technology-based enterprises′ employees in organizational work and family life and granting more flexibility to fulfil family responsibilities.#br#The limitations of this study are mainly reflected in three aspects. The first is the sample selection. The samples of this paper are from high-tech enterprises in big cities such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing and Nanjing. It remains to be verified whether the conclusions can be inferred to the national high-tech enterprises. In the future, the sample range can be expanded to cover more regions as far as possible to further verify the correctness of the results of this study. Secondly his study only takes work prosperity as an intermediary variable, future research can also focus on the impact of variables such as work family gain and organizational citizenship behavior on individual prosperity. Thirdly, future research can use longitudinal tracking and other methods toexplain more accurately the mechanism of FSSB on employee individual prosperity.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (9): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 251 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1311KB] ( 251 )
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