|
|
Relationship Embedding,Knowledge Acquisition and BOP Market-oriented Product Innovation:Moderating Effects of Internal and External Uncertainties |
Zhao Wu1,Wang Anqi2,Liu Wei3 |
(1.School of Marxism, Xidian University; 2.School of Economics and Management, Xidian University,Xi'an 710126,China; 3.School of Management,Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049,China) |
|
|
Abstract With the mainstream market increasingly saturated, more and more enterprises focus on the bottom of the pyramid market. By providing products and services to this market through product innovation, companies can not only foster new growth opportunities, but also create multiple social and environmental values by improving the living and production standards for people at the bottom of the pyramid. However, due to the market complexity and the uniqueness of people who are at the bottom of the pyramid, enterprises must be embedded in their social network and realize relationships coupling with them in order to realize product innovation gradually. In this case, there is a phenomenon of too much of a good thing in relationship embedding. In the market environment with increasing uncertainties, will the establishment of a closely coupled bilateral relationship between enterprises and people from the bottom of the pyramid be valuable or harmful to the relationship? How can companies get long-term value from the bilateral relationship and avoid the potential risks that come with it? #br#Based on the existing research on embedded relationships, knowledge acquisition, uncertainty and product innovation, this research regards product innovation as a result of value relationship between variables, and construct a theoretical framework of double loop collaborative knowledge acquisition-product innovation of the pyramid bottom. This paper explores how the double-loop synergy mechanism constructed by the interaction of bilateral relationship coupling and network embedded in the inter-departmental cooperation network of the bottom of pyramid affects the external knowledge acquisition of enterprises, and how it works on the product innovation market-orientedness of bottom pyramid. A nonlinear competitive mediation model is constructed, and independent variables (double-loop collaboration), intermediate variables (knowledge acquisition, cognitive bias) and dependent variables (product innovate) are included in the model. Through the distribution of 850 questionnaires to the electric bicycle industry, a total of 501 questionnaires were collected and 396 were valid. In order to verify the proposed hypothesis and model, SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.The reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the sample data were conducted by AMOS 21.0. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the two-loop collaboration mechanism and knowledge acquisition with cross-level embedding. High external uncertainty will enhance the inverted U-shaped relationship, but high internal uncertainty has no significant effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship. Through the partial mediating effect of knowledge acquisition, the final cross-level embedded double-loop synergy has an inverted U-shaped relationship with product innovation of the bottom of pyramid. #br#In theory, this study attempts to clarify the mechanism of relationship embedding, knowledge acquisition, internal and external uncertainty on product innovation of pyramid bottom market, make up for the defects of existing literature, and enrich the bottom of the pyramid theory, relationship embedding and other theories. This study has certain guiding significance for enterprises to control the degree of network embedding of bottom of pyramid, optimize network configuration and network governance. To be more specific, enterprises should continuously evaluate, predict and reflect on different BOP market environments in order to make discretionary choices. When the environment changes, especially the external uncertainty increases, enterprises should consciously adjust the open multiple relationship connection, trigger the collaborative innovation mechanism between organizations, and take the construction of external relations as a buffer of uncertainty. In the process of embedding BOP cross departmental network, enterprises should not only become the BOP output center, but also become the strategic coordination center for coordinating and integrating diversified cooperative relations.on the one hand, enterprises should use network resources to form complete business solutions based on trust and social capital, and create multiple values for society and BOP groups at the same time;on the other hand, it should weaken the short-sighted tendency in the binary relationship of partners and reduces the negative impact induced by the relationship mechanism.#br#This study is cross-sectional. In the future, we can add a longitudinal research design, take the time factor into account, and investigate the dynamic relationship between variables at different time nodes. At the same time, the questionnaire can be combined with experimental research, data simulation and other research methods.#br#
|
Received: 04 November 2020
|
|
|
|
|
[1] PRAHALAD C K. Bottom of the pyramid as a source of breakthrough innovations[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(1):6-12. [2] 仝允桓,邢小强,周江华. 包容性创新[M]. 北京:经济管理出版社,2018:64-76. [3] JAGTAP S,LARSSON A,HIORT V,et al. How design process for the base of the pyramid differs from that for the top of the pyramid[J]. Design Studies,2014,35(5):527-558. [4] ZHOU K Z,ZHANG Q Y,SHENG S B,et al. Are relational ties always good for knowledge acquisition?buyer-supplier exchanges in China[J]. Journal of Operations Management,2014,32(3):88-98. [5] 邢小强,葛沪飞,仝允桓. 社会嵌入与BOP网络演化:一个纵向案例研究[J]. 管理世界,2015,31(10):160-173. [6] 邢小强,彭瑞梅,仝允桓. 面向金字塔底层市场的产品创新[J]. 科学学研究,2015,33(6):951-960. [7] 林孔团,熊露. 社会嵌入、金字塔底层战略与农产品商业模式构建:以本地本物公司为例[J]. 管理案例研究与评论,2016,9(5):444-456. [8] 万倩雯,卫田,刘杰. 弥合社会资本鸿沟:构建企业社会创业家与金字塔底层个体间的合作关系——基于LZ农村电商项目的单案例研究[J]. 管理世界,2019,35(5):179-196. [9] 何波,陈晨,张宏亮,等. 基于BOP战略的跨部门伙伴关系构建的案例研究[J]. 管理案例研究与评论,2020,13(1):16-36. [10] 李鹏飞. 基于嵌入悖论的创业网络结构研究[D]. 大连:大连理工大学,2019. [11] SUBRAHMANYAN S,TOMAS GOMEZ-ARIAS J. Integrated approach to understanding consumer behavior at bottom of pyramid[J]. Journal of Consumer Marketing,2008,25(7):402-412. [12] ANDERSON J,MARKIDES C. Strategic innovation at the base of the pyramid[J]. MIT Sloan Management Review,2007,49(1):83-88,93. [13] MAIR J,MARTI I,VENTRESCA M J. Building inclusive markets in rural Bangladesh:how intermediaries work institutional voids[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2012,55(4):819-850. [14] REFICCO E,MARQUEZ P. Inclusive networks for building BOP markets[J]. Business & Society,2012,51(3):512-556. [15] 郝秀清,张利平,陈晓鹏,等. 低收入群体导向的商业模式创新研究[J]. 管理学报,2013,10(1):62-69. [16] HAGEDOORN J. Understanding the cross-level embeddedness of interfirm partnership formation[J]. Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):670-680. [17] 王亚娟,刘益,张钰. 关系价值还是关系陷入:供应商与客户关系耦合的权变效应研究[J]. 管理评论,2014,26(2):165-176. [18] 范钧,郭立强,聂津君. 网络能力、组织隐性知识获取与突破性创新绩效[J]. 科研管理,2014,35(1):16-24. [19] IRELAND R D,WEBB J W. A multi-theoretic perspective on trust and power in strategic supply chains[J]. Journal of Operations Management,2007,25(2):482-497. [20] INKPEN A C,TSANG E W K. Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J]. Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165. [21] HEIDE J B,JOHN G. Do norms matter in marketing relationships[J]. Journal of Marketing,1992,56(2):32-45. [22] 肖冬平,顾新. 知识网络中隐性知识的共享困境及其克服路径:基于非正式网络的观点[J]. 图书情报工作,2009,53(2):108-112,138. [23] LECHNER C,FRANKENBERGER K,FLOYD S W. Task contingencies in the curvilinear relationships between intergroup networks and initiative performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2010,53(4):865-889. [24] VILLENA V H,REVILLA E,CHOI T Y. The dark side of collaborative buyer-supplier relationships:a social capital perspective[J]. SSRN Electronic Journal,2013,29(6): 561-576. [25] 邢璐,孙健敏,尹奎,等. “过犹不及”效应及其作用机制[J]. 心理科学进展,2018,26(4):719-730. [26] HAANS R F J,PIETERS C,HE Z L. Thinking about U:theorizing and testing U- and inverted U-shaped relationships in strategy research[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2016,37(7):1177-1195. [27] DOWNEY H K,HELLRIEGEL D,SLOCUM J W. Environmental uncertainty:the construct and its application[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1975,20(4):613-629. [28] 江旭,姜飞飞. 不确定性、联盟风险管理与合作绩效满意度[J]. 管理工程学报,2015,29(3):180-190. [29] XU K,HUANG K F,GAO S X. The effect of institutional ties on knowledge acquisition in uncertain environments[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2012,29(2):387-408. [30] WU J,PANGARKAR N. The bidirectional relationship between competitive intensity and collaboration:evidence from China[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2010,27(3):503-522. [31] JIANG X,LI Y,GAO S X. The stability of strategic alliances:characteristics,factors and stages[J]. Journal of International Management,2008,14(2):173-189. [32] BROUTHERS K D,BROUTHERS L E,WERNER S. Transaction cost-enhanced entry mode choices and firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(12):1239-1248. [33] CUI A S,WU F. Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation:antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2016,44(4):516-538. [34] 邢小强,彭瑞梅,仝允桓. 金字塔底层市场的跨部门合作网络研究述评[J]. 华东经济管理,2014,28(8):143-148. [35] 张利平,仝允桓,高旭东. 面向低收入群体(BOP)市场的产品创新研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(S1):195-200. [36] 王新华,车珍,于灏,等. 网络嵌入、多途径知识集聚与创新力:知识流耦合的调节作用[J]. 南开管理评论,2019,22(3):28-39. [37] BONNER J M,KIM D,CAVUSGIL S T. Self-perceived strategic network identity and its effects on market performance in alliance relationships[J]. Journal of Business Research,2005,58(10):1371-1380. [38] LI J J,POPPO L,ZHOU K Z. Relational mechanisms,formal contracts,and local knowledge acquisition by international subsidiaries[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(4):349-370. |
|
|
|