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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2021 Vol.38 Issue.15
Published 2021-08-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Review
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Research on the Mining and Analysis Method of Patent Portfolio based on the Meta-path
Zhai Dongsheng,Li Mengyang,Chen Mengmeng,He Xijun,Ma Zifei
With the continuous advancement of the upgrading and transformation of the global knowledge-intensive industry, the increasingly fierce and complex technological competition environment makes the technology strategy analysis with the patent portfolio as the basic research unit gradually become the focus of academia and industry. Existing researches mainly discuss the motivations and methods of patent portfolio construction from a forward-direction perspective. However, in terms of the current complex technical environment, if we can recognize the patent portfolio structure that has specific strategic intention with a backward-direction perspective from the huge patent collection owned by our competitors, it is also of great significance for us to implement the technology defense or to break through the technology blockade. Therefore, this paper first reconstructed the knowledge expression of patent technology information, explored the characteristics of patent portfolio meta path under the knowledge structure, and developed a set of patent portfolio identification algorithms based on meta path mining. Then, we further clarified and integrated the relationship between different types of patent portfolio and enterprise attack and defense strategy of the patent, so as to provide guidance for enterprise patent strategy analysis and implementation. At the end of this paper, we took the non-perfluorinated proton exchange membrane field as an example for empirical research and put forward suggestions for the safe development of the non-perfluorinated proton exchange membrane industry in China.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 507 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2317KB] ( 511 )
10 The Selection Mechanism of the Path of Entrepreneurial Decision-making Logic under the New Economic Situation：A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Sets
Liu Yifei,Wang Liping
How to make effective decisions in the new economic environment is a necessary means for the survival and development of new ventures. The study is based on the entrepreneurial process model，combined with the theory of effect reasoning， and selects the key factors that affect entrepreneurial performance from the three levels of external entrepreneurial environment，internal enterprise capabilities and decision logic methods. The decision path selection mechanism for high entrepreneurial performance in context. The study has drawn 5 high entrepreneurial performance configurations，and there are 2 high entrepreneurial performance decision paths under 4 scenarios. Among them，big data capability and effectuation are the key core conditions that affect the high entrepreneurial performance of new ventures under the new economy. The research results not only enrich the theory of effect reasoning，but also bring new perspectives and interpretation paths for the decision-making and growth of startups，and provide contextual reference for the decision-making of startups.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 10-18 [Abstract] ( 366 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 386 )
19 Research on Forming Process and Mechanism of Business Ecosystem: A Case Study of Alibaba
Wang Shuilian,Zhang Pei
Based on the dual dimensions of strategy and complexity, the formation logic of Alibaba’sbusiness ecosystem is analyzed. The results show that: （1）Strong strategic control is conducive tostrengthening the platform business model, promoting cross-industry diversified platforms, and then advancing the continuous and in-depth development of ecological informatization.（2）The commercial ecosystem accumulates abundant shared data resources, opens up resource transactions and creates boundaries, enhances the ability of ecological subjects and reshapes the attributes of the ecosystem. （3）Ecological subjects with stronger complex matching power constantly explore business model innovation, and the diffusion of innovation inside and outside the ecology catalyzes the competition of business ecosystem, which further strengthens complex matching power. The commercial ecosystem presents four different states: pre-ecological state, ecological involution, ecological diffusion and ecological symbiosis under the dual effects of the strategic control of core enterprises and the complex matching power of ecological subjects.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 19-27 [Abstract] ( 346 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1500KB] ( 412 )
28 Does Biased Technological Progress Contribute to Renewable Energy Transition: Evidence from the Elasticity of Factor Substitution
Dong Chunshi
Although biased technological progress is regarded as one of the most important driving factors of renewable energy consumption, existing studies ignore its impact on renewable energy transition. Based on the theoretical framework of biased technological progress, this paper analyzes the bias of technological progress, and estimates the substitution elasticity between fossil energy and renewable energy by using the fixed effect stochastic frontier production function. The impact of biased technological progress on renewable energy transiton in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2017 is tested. The results show that, as a whole, technological progress tends to use more fossil energy between fossil energy and renewable energy, and there is a substitution relationship between them. This shows that biased technological progress is not conducive to renewable energy transition. From the perspective of provinces, only Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hubei’s technological progress tend to use more renewable energy, and renewable energy can effectively replace fossil energy. This shows that technological progress in these provinces is conducive to renewable energy transition.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 28-36 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2009KB] ( 2192 )
Regional Scientific Development
37 Research on the Flow of Innovation Factors and the Spatial Spillover Effect under Government Behavior
Zhang Zhidong,Pei Er'jie
Based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities across the country from 2000 to 2018, the fixed effect analysis method is used to explore the internal mechanism of government behavior on the flow of innovative elements, and the spatial Dubin model is used for further analysis to explore the relationship between the two Is there a spatial spillover effect? The research found that: as far as the whole country is concerned, local government competition behaviors present an inverted U-shaped characteristic to the flow of R&D personnel and R&D capital elements, and local government competition and government support, government support and government’s real estate investment preference behaviors can work together to promote the flow of innovative elements, further research also found that local government competition and government support can promote the flow of innovative elements in surrounding areas, while government’s real estate investment preferences can only affect the flow of R&D personnel in surrounding areas.In the sub-regional study, the three types of local government behaviors in the eastern region all have an inverted U-shaped feature on the flow of innovation factors.In the central region, only government’s real estate investment preference behavior plays an inverted U-shaped role, while government competition and government support behaviors play a positive "U"-shaped role trend; the synergy between local government actions plays a positive role in promoting the flow of innovative elements in the central and western regions, but has almost no impact in the eastern region.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 37-46 [Abstract] ( 490 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 374 )
47 Research on the Spatio-temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Technological Innovation Investment of China's Strategic Emerging Enterprises
Meng Fei,Lu Zhiguo,Xiao Lulu
In order to promote the coordinated development of China's regional economy and improve the effectiveness of government innovation funding, based on the panel data of 882 strategic emerging listed companies in 30 provinces and cities in China from 2012 to 2019, the Theil index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and other methods are used to investigate The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of technological innovation investment of China's strategic emerging enterprises, through the construction of a spatial panel model, analyze the key factors that affect the technological innovation investment of Chinese strategic emerging enterprises.The results show that: ①the overall technological innovation investment of enterprises shows a fluctuating upward trend, with the highest investment intensity in eastern; ②the overall technological innovation investment of enterprises tends to be equalized, and there are largely internal differences among the three major regions of East, Central and West; ③the “central-peripheral” characteristics of enterprise technological innovation investment are obvious. The “central” provinces are mostly located in the eastern and central regions, and the “peripheral” provinces are mostly located in the western inland areas. The spatial correlation model is mainly H-H and L-L; ④government innovation funding has a significant role in promoting technological innovation investment of enterprises, and technological innovation investment of enterprises has a significant negative spatial spillover effect; ⑤Government innovation funding has a more significant role in promoting technological innovation investment in high-innovation funded enterprises in the eastern region, and the negative spatial spillover effect of technological innovation investment in high-innovation funded enterprises is more significant.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 47-56 [Abstract] ( 320 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1785KB] ( 328 )
Industrial Technological Progress
57 What Kind of Regional Innovation Environment Combination Can Effectively Improve the Innovation Quality of the Wind Power Industry：based on the Configuration Analysis of fsQCA
Wang Xiaozhen,Liu Shan,Chen Jin
The influence of the regional innovation environment on high-quality innovation is already one of the key issues of current academic concern. Taking some provinces and cities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) as the research samples, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to study the necessary conditions and possible path combinations for the innovation environment of different regions to affect the innovation quality of the wind power industry. The study found that a single condition in the regional innovation environment has a weaker impact on the innovation quality of the wind power industry, while the combination of different condition variables has a strong explanatory power for the wind power industry to improve the innovation quality; empirical analysis shows that there are two different paths that affect the wind power industry Innovation quality; and the core conditions of the two paths are the degree of market development, R&D environment and government support. Compared with the industrial structure, the economic basic environment has a stronger supporting role. Finally, based on the empirical results, corresponding suggestions are made to improve the quality of innovation in my country's wind power industry.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 57-65 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 299 )
66 Research on Coordination Relationship of Patent and Industry in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry
Zhang Li,Shan Xiaoguang
The coordinated development of patent and industry is the key to realize the innovative development. The improved quadrant map approach and gravity models are used to quantitatively analyze the coordination relationship between invention patent and industry development in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and their spatial-temporal dynamic evolution trend. The results show that there is a significant deviation between invention patent and industrial development in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and the coordination mainly demonstrates a distribution pattern of "high in the west and low in the east, high in the north and low in the south". In the past five years, the coordination has been enhanced, the distance between the center of invention patent and the center of industrial development has been gradually reduced, and the consistency of their movements has been improved. The research results can provide theoretical and empirical support for the coordinated development of patent and industry in patent-intensive or high-tech industries.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 66-73 [Abstract] ( 351 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2200KB] ( 309 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
74 Technology Diversification, R&D Collaboration Network Centrality, and Enterprise Innovation Performance
Du Yushen,Liu Ziyu
Using patent data of Chinese ICT field from 2005 to 2018, this paper uses social network analysis method and negative binomial regression model to empirically analyze the impact of technological diversification and R&D collaboration network centrality on enterprise innovation performance and their interaction. It is found that both technology diversification and R&D collaboration network centrality have positive effects on enterprise innovation performance, and the interaction between them can further improve enterprise innovation performance; The interaction between betweenness centrality and technology diversification has the most obvious promoting effect on enterprise innovation performance, but this promoting effect can only exist in the enterprises with high degree of technology diversification. Therefore, enterprises should adopt technology diversification strategy, and take the initiative to select the network location with a high degree of centrality, especially to occupy the shortest path between network members.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 74-81 [Abstract] ( 574 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1303KB] ( 485 )
82 Research on Environmental Uncertainty, Innovation Attention and Enterprise Innovation Performance：A Case Study of Software and IT Services Industry
Wang Zeren,Liu Zhixiong
Based on the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in software and information technology service industry from 2015 to 2019, this paper studies the relationship between enterprise innovation attention due to enterprise environmental uncertainty and enterprise technological innovation. The data validation of the whole sample shows that environmental uncertainty is beneficial to the improvement of innovation attention and innovation performance, and innovation attention plays a mediating role in the relationship between environmental uncertainty and innovation performance. Further analysis shows that the mediating effect of innovation attention varies with the degree of environmental uncertainty, and it is no longer significant under the circumstance of high environmental uncertainty. In addition, government subsidies fail to "leverage" the relationship between environmental uncertainty and firms' innovation attention. This study reveals the relationship and path between environmental uncertainty and enterprise innovation performance, and puts forward management enlightenment from two levels of enterprise and government.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 82-89 [Abstract] ( 346 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1264KB] ( 478 )
90 “Incremental ”or “Radical”？Enterprise Enterprise and Dual Innovation Based the Perspective of The involvement of Family
Chen Canjun,Xu Changxin
The behavior of corporate social responsibility and innovation ability are the important cornerstone for a firm,but there has much of controversy over corporate social responsibility practice and innovation preference in the case of family involvement. Based on this premise,this paper discussess the relationship between social responsibility and dual innovation of family enterprises based on these theories about family business governance,and analyzes the regulatory effect of the second generation involvement in the family succession period furtherly. Then,we makes an empirical analysis by using the data of Chinese family listed enterprises from 2009 to 2018. And the results show that: the behaviors of social responsibility bring a lot of effective resources to enterprises,which could play a promoting effect both in exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. However,compared with exploitative innovation,corporate social responsibility has a more obvious promoting effect on exploratory innovation. After considering the situational factor of family inheritance,the innovation strategy of family enterprises during the period of the second generation succession is relatively conservative,which will promote the relationship between corporate social responsibility and exploitative innovation furtherly,while the is just opposite for exploratory innovation. From the perspective of the social responsibility of family enterprises,this paper classifies the innovation categories and have a further understanding of the innovation behaviors of family fimes.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 90-99 [Abstract] ( 435 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1303KB] ( 567 )
100 Super Deduction of R&D Expenses, Financing Constraints and the R&D Investment Intensity of Startups: Based on Research in China’s new Energy Industry
Peng Huatao,Wu Yao
The R&D investment intensity of start-ups is affected by many factors such as policies such as the deduction of R&D expenses and internal and external financing constraints. Based on signal transmission theory, priority financing theory, and principal-agent theory, this paper selects panel data of 164 startups in the new energy industry from 2014 to 2019, and uses a fixed-effect model to empirically study financing constraints and R&D expenses plus deductions for startups’ R&D investment intensity, and further verify the moderating effect of equity concentration in the relationship between the R&D expense deduction and the R&D investment intensity. The results show that financing constraints will weaken the R&D investment intensity of startups to a certain extent; R&D expense deduction not only directly promotes the increase of R&D investment intensity of startups, but also weakens the impact of financing constraints on the R&D investment intensity of startups Negative impact: the equity concentration of startups negatively adjusts the relationship between the R&D expense plus deduction and the intensity of R&D investment.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 100-108 [Abstract] ( 325 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1300KB] ( 389 )
109 Research on the Spatial Effect of Enterprise Innovation Investment
Song Guangrui,Ma Chun’ai,Zhang Yuanyuan,Xiao Rong
Enterprises are micro implementers of the national innovation strategy. The research on the spatial effect among enterprises in innovation investment is of positive significance for stimulating the linkage effect of innovation investment and promoting the implementation of the national innovation strategy. By building different weight matrices and using spatial econometric model, this paper finds that there is a positive spatial interaction, the spatial effect of innovation investment is more significant among enterprises in the same industry than in different industries, and the higher the similarity between enterprises, the stronger the spatial effect of their innovation investment. Based on the these findings, we suggest that the management department should identify high and low level innovation investment cluster areas and promote the innovation investment of enterprises in a tailor-made manner. We should give full play to the role of enterprises in the same industry as a key transmission node in the spatial diffusion of enterprise innovation investment. In addition, we can select some appropriate enterprises and make them drive more similar enterprises’ innovation investment.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 109-117 [Abstract] ( 384 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1348KB] ( 648 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
118 Realistic Dilemma and Reflection of Drug Patent System
Han Chengfang
Drug research, development and marketization are characterized by high risk and high investment. Drug patent system promotes drug innovation by providing monopoly market for pharmaceutical enterprises during the patent period, thus alleviating pain and even saving lives.TRIPS establishes a high standard of protection for drug patents around the world. However, the international system of drug patent highlights the private property of drug patent and the excessive pursuit of profit, which leads to the paradox of drug innovation and the difficulty of obtaining drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to draw on and improve the existing multi-financing measures for drug research and development, preferential tax mechanism and public-private cooperation model in the international community in order to help alleviate the practical difficulties of the drug patent system.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 118-124 [Abstract] ( 327 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1208KB] ( 384 )
125 Quantitative Research on Artificial Intelligence Policy Text in China
Zang Wei,Zhang Yanfa,XuLei
In this paper, 30 artificial intelligence policy texts published in China are taken as samples. Based on policy tools and PMC policy evaluation model, text mining and content analysis are adopted to conduct quantitative analysis on the current artificial intelligence industrial policy texts in China. It is found that demand-type policy tools of artificial intelligence industrial policy in China need to be further strengthened, and the structure of environment-type policy tools needs to be adjusted scientifically. Through comparative analysis of PMC indexes of policy texts at different evaluation levels and aiming at the development of different industries, the specific variables affecting the evaluation level of artificial intelligence policy texts in China were identified. Finally, combining with the cutting-edge trend analysis of artificial intelligence research in China, this paper explores the direction of future policy making, and provides specific and operational suggestions for the subsequent formulation and modification of artificial intelligence policies.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 125-134 [Abstract] ( 742 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4061KB] ( 1230 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
135 The Impact of Executives′ Career Concerns on Enterprise Innovation Output
Liu Renhuai,Huo Mengjun
With the advent of the VUAC era, the driving role of innovation has become increasingly prominent. Based on the career concern theory, enterprise life cycle theory and regulatory orientation theory, this paper takes the A-share manufacturing listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2017 as research object, explores deeply the relationship between executives′ career concerns and enterprise innovation output. The results show that: executives′ career concerns can significantly promote enterprise innovation output; the relationship between executives′ career concerns and enterprise innovation output is negatively regulated by the enterprise life cycle. When the enterprise life cycle is long, the impact of executives′ career attention on enterprise innovation output will be inhibited; the institutional environment positively regulates the relationship between executives′ career concern and enterprise innovation output. When the institutional environment is better, the impact of executives′ career concerns on enterprise innovation output is more significant; risk-taking plays a mediating role between executives′ career concerns and enterprise innovation output. When the executives′ career concerns are high and risk-taking is strong, the enterprise innovation output will increase.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 135-142 [Abstract] ( 297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1280KB] ( 308 )
143 Research on the Influence Mechanism of Government Support on the Entrepreneurial Performance of High-Level Talents
Xiang Saihui,Sun Yonghe
The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clarifies that attention will be paid to innovation and entrepreneurship in the 14th Five-Year Plan and long-term target of 2035, in order to promote double circulation in domestic and international scope. Among them, high-level talent entrepreneurship is the key. Based on entrepreneurial performance theory, entrepreneurial network theory and self-efficacy theory, a theoretical model of government support affecting the entrepreneurial performance of high-level talents is built up with the self-efficacy as an intermediary variable and the relationship strength of entrepreneurial network as a moderating variable. The data samples are from high-level talent entrepreneurship park, youth entrepreneur association, local chambers of commerce, and previous provincial governor award winners of youth entrepreneurship. The study shows that government support has a significantly positive impact on the entrepreneurial survival and success performance of high-level talents. The knowledge internalization ability and extroversion learning belief of self-efficacy are the intermediary variables of entrepreneurial survival and success performance process respectively during the period of initial stage and growth period. Strong entrepreneurial network strength and weak entrepreneurial network strength also have a positive moderating impact on entrepreneurial survival and success performance process respectively during the period of initial stage and growth period.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 143-150 [Abstract] ( 508 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1300KB] ( 414 )
Review
151 Data Enablement and Innovation of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises: Frontier Analysis and Future Prospects
Guo Xingguang,Chen Xi
The development of data science provides new opportunities for manufacturing enterprises to innovate. At a time when manufacturing industry is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading, it is of great strategic significance to study how dataenablement drives the innovation of manufacturing enterprises. This paper summarizes the main forms and objects of data enablement by sorting out the latest research progress of data enablement driving the innovation of manufacturing enterprises at home and abroad. We analyze the path and mechanism of data enablement from five aspects: product innovation, business model innovation, long-term competitiveness of the enterprise, enterprise innovation ecosystem and industrial upgrade. Finally, a systematic research framework is constructed. The multi-level linkage research framework proposed in this paper makes a beneficial exploration for opening the "black box" of the mechanism of data enablement driving the innovation of manufacturing enterprises, and provides certain theoretical and practical reference for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Finally, the paper puts forward the future prospects for the deficiency of the existing research in order to make a more in-depth and systematic research on data enablement driving manufacturing innovation.
2021 Vol. 38 (15): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 675 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1793KB] ( 831 )
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