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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2019 Vol.36 Issue.23 Published 2019-12-10

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Talent and Education Review Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	Corporate Foresight：Conceptualization and Process Mechanism
		Zhang Zhengang,Chen Yihua
		As a new field of research, the study on corporate foresight is now very fragmented. Apart from the unclear process mechanism and weak theoretical foundation, some divergences are also discovered in the connotation of the concept of corporate foresight. With the hope of improving the study of corporate foresight, this paper analyzes the structural ambidexterity, three characteristics and the mechanism of three-stage process，as well as an eight-step process basing on the conception of corporate foresight. In final, some suggestions with the hope of providing analytical framework and clues were presented for corporate foresight research, expecting more scholars to pay attention to this research field and promoting the development of this research.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 451 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1391KB] ( 402 )

	11	Research on the Impact of Participant's Fairness Preference on Incentive Mechanism of Collaborative Crowdsourcing Innovation Performance
		Huang Ting,Zhu Binxin,Ma Zhiqiang
		Collaborative crowdsourcing innovation is a crowdsourcing model that aims to maximize innovation performance, and relevant practice cases have emerged nowadays. However, the efforts of the participants in the collaborative crowdsourcing innovation process are often influenced by their fairness preference. In response to this problem, the principal-agent theory is used to design two incentive mechanisms based on individual innovation performance (AR) and total innovation performance (TR) to improve the performance of collaborative crowdsourcing innovation, and to explore the value of fairness preference to incentive mechanism. The results show that participants in the AR mechanism are unlikely to have altruistic efforts, while self-interested efforts and altruistic efforts under the TR mechanism are negatively correlated with fairness preferences;under the two incentive mechanisms, the performance of crowdsourcing innovation decreases with the increase of the sensitivity of fairness preference, whether the increase in the number of participants is conducive to the improvement of crowdsourcing innovation performance depends on the degree of fairness preference;the TR mechanism will certainly produce higher crowdsourcing performance than the AR mechanism and the economic benefits of the crowdsourcer, but this value effect will be weakened by the participants' fairness preference.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 11-19 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1566KB] ( 317 )

	20	Impacts of Multi-level Network Embedding on Inventor's Ambidextrous Innovation
		Mao Jianqi,Hao Cunhao,Liu Na
		The inventor's innovation activities embeds in knowledge network and social network. From the perspective of multi-network, this paper explores the impacts of the structure features of cross-layer network on inventors' innovation using patent data applied by Huawei and Apple in the USPTO from 2002 to 2017 and negative binomial regression models. Results show that both inventor's cross-layer cohesiveness and cross-layer connectivity have inverted U-shaped impact on ambidextrous innovation performance. Inventor's affiliate degree strengthens the above inverted U-shaped relationships. This study makes up the current research that investigated functional mechanism of innovation network from a single level;it also plays a certain role in guiding the innovators to build selves innovation network.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 20-27 [Abstract] ( 311 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1691KB] ( 366 )

	28	Analysis of Technology Integration Trend of Perceptual Artificial Intelligence based on Patent Mining
		Li Shugang,Liu Ying,Zheng Lingling
		For emerging industries, grasping the current situation of industrial technology integration is very important to guide the development of industry and strengthen technological innovation. The integration of artificial intelligence technology and other technologies is the main internal driving force to promote its innovation and development. Therefore, accurate analysis of technology integration trend is conducive to accurately grasping technological development trend in this industry in advance. This paper focuses on the perceptual artificial intelligence and firstly adopts the patent analysis method to mining 10,685 patent data, combing the ISI technology classification system, based on the number of times of technology co-occurrence and correlation, the core technology of perceptual artificial intelligence fusion is identified, and the fusion of perceptual artificial intelligence technology is analyzed from the aspects of the dispersion of core technology fusion and patent growth. Logistic model and ARIMA model are used to predict the trends of technology growth curve and technology integration dispersion and the trend quadrant map is proposed. It is found that the technology integration of perceptual artificial intelligence is in the stage of transition from growth to maturity, and it will soon enter the period of technological integration recession. It is recommended that the government and investors should actively deploy the existing perceptual artificial intelligence leading technology in order to take the leading position on the upcoming stage of technology mature. At the same time, the “perceptual artificial intelligence +” model should be vigorously promoted to increase the momentum of technological integration in this field and delay the arrival of the technology integration recession period.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 28-35 [Abstract] ( 355 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1260KB] ( 564 )

Regional Scientific Development

	36	Evolution Path of Regional Green Innovation Efficiency and Its Formation Mechanism in China
		Wu Xuxiao
		Using undesirable Minds model and grey system dynamic equation, this paper explores the time-spatial evolution of green innovation efficiency and its formation mechanism in 30 provinces in seven regions of China from 2012 to 2017.The research finds that the efficiency of green innovation in China is on the low side as a whole, and there is still much room for improvement. The unbalanced efficiency of green innovation among provinces is obvious.There is a strong heterogeneity in the evolution of green innovation efficiency in seven regions of China. East China, Southwest China and South China alternately lead, while Northwest China has always been the penultimate.The order of sustainable development ability of innovation system from high to low is: South China > East China > Central China > Southwest China > North China > Northeast China > Northwest China. The primary obstacle to the improvement of green innovation efficiency in central China and northwest China lies in insufficient government support. The main obstacles in North China, Northeast China and East China are environmental regulation. The main obstacles in South China and Southwest China are informatization and marketization, respectively.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 36-43 [Abstract] ( 488 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1294KB] ( 673 )

	44	Information Development Level, Resource Dependence and Green Total Factor Productivity
		Zheng Tingting,Fu Wei,Chen Jing
		As an important promoter of high-quality economic development, informatization is of great significance to the resource region to get out of the resource curse, but it has been ignored by the academic circles. This paper creatively introduces the level of informatization development into the discussion of resource curse. The DEA-Malmqusit index method is used to measure the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of 285 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2003 to 2017, and analyzes the development of informatization. The level plays a role in resource dependence and GTFP relationships. The results show that: (1) The threshold effect of information development level leads to the dependence of resource dependence and GTFP on inverted U-shaped curve. When the level of informatization development is lower than the threshold, regardless of the degree of resource dependence, its relationship with GTFP is always on the right side of the inverted U-shaped curve, that is, in the part of the resource curse, and when the level of informatization is higher than At the threshold, regardless of the degree of resource dependence, its relationship with GTFP is on the left side of the inverted U-shaped curve, that is, in the part of resource blessing;(2) The level of information development promotes resource dependence and GTFP inverted U-shaped curve The most influential part of the inflection point, the level of informatization development can delay the arrival of the resource curse.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 44-52 [Abstract] ( 728 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1240KB] ( 429 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	53	Research on the Direction of China's Industrial Transformation and Upgrading under High Quality Development
		Zhang Yongheng,Wang Jiating
		The continuous transformation and upgrading of the industry is the key to realize the high-quality economic development. We can conclude its specific path and evolution mechanism from the two dimensions of quantity and quality. This paper uses the time-series data of China during the period of 1985-2017 and the data of The United States during the period of 1960-2017, to simulate and analyzes the dynamic relationship among broad and narrow sense of industrial structure with economic growth. The results show there are some differences between China and American. Accordingly, we can get the specific direction of China's industrial transformation and upgrading under high-quality development, such as expanding and refining the dimension of industrial transformation and upgrading;pay attention to the ratio between different industries, especially the ratio between producer services and manufacturing industries;attaching importance to and establishing the fundamental position of manufacturing industry in high quality development;enhance the export-oriented degree of our economy.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 53-62 [Abstract] ( 481 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1650KB] ( 329 )

	63	Research on the Measure of Synergy Degree of High-tech Industry′s Innovation Chain and Fund Chain
		Wang Yudong,Zhang Bo,Wu Chuan,Xu Yulian
		In order to achieve continuous innovation in the high-tech industry and promote the development of the industry, the index system for the evaluation of the innovation chain and capital chain of high-tech industry, which starting from the synergy effect is constructed. It is for the structural characteristics and synergy of the innovation chain and capital chain of high-tech industries, according to the structure of high-tech industry innovation chain and capital chain and its key nodes. The synergy between the high-tech industry innovation chain and the capital chain from 2013 to 2017 are measured, based on the composite system synergy model. The results show that China's high-tech industry innovation chain and capital chain have low degree of synergy, which has a large room for improvement, analyzes the reasons and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The research can provide scientific methods and decision-making basis for the coordinated development of China's high-tech industry innovation chain and capital chain.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 63-68 [Abstract] ( 458 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1182KB] ( 430 )

	69	The Development Trend Research about Technology of Cultural IndustryBased on Patent Mining Analysis
		Zhou Li,Liu Miao,Zhou Ruige,Tang Tian
		This paper is based on Citespace literature measurement software, with visual analysis technology.It takes music technology industry as the example, uses Derwent patent database as the field of search, also Citespace, Matlab and other software have been used as tools to overall mining the patent data of music technology industry from the year of 1960 to 2016.The result shows a steady high-speed increase of patent applications in music technology, mainly focus on industrial technologies such as instrumental acoustic, audio/visual recording, and A/V systems.The representative institutions of the music technology industry are YAMAHA, KAWAI, CASIO.These findings indicate the four cycles of music technology industrial patent applications, which are the stagnation stage in 1960-1972, the germination stage in 1972-1992, the development stage in 1993-2005, and the maturity stage of 2006-present, respectively.On this basis, this paper concludes an undergo steady and fast growth has already formed in the music technology industry, and digital music will be the central aspect in the future music industry development.The Chinese music technology industry development is experiencing its development stage, and this paper suggested that we focus on the developing directions, strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, continuously improve the intellectual property protection system.It is of great significance for the development of science, technology and culture industry technology, the promotion of national cultural confidence, and the construction of a cultural power in China.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 69-75 [Abstract] ( 420 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3634KB] ( 946 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	76	Knowledge Couplings, Knowledge Innovation Capability and Innovation Performance
		Yao Yanhong,Zhang Cuiping
		Knowledge innovation is the foundation for sustaining enterprises' competitive advantage. Research related to it has received extensive attention from the academic community. However, few studies have explored the mechanism of knowledge couplings on innovation capability and innovation performance. In this paper, structural equation model, Bootstrap and hierarchical regression analysis are used to test the hypotheses based on 291 enterprises' questionnaires. The empirical results show that knowledge couplings has a positive impact on innovation performance;knowledge innovation capability has completely played a mediating role between them;environmental uncertainty negatively moderates the effect of knowledge couplings on knowledge innovation capability;strategic flexibility positively moderates the effect of knowledge innovation capability on innovation performance.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 76-84 [Abstract] ( 496 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2250KB] ( 419 )

	85	Corporate Growth Path Based on Dual Coupling of Technological Innovation and Business Model Innovation: analysis of Huawei's Thirty-year Experience
		Yu Dengke,Yan Hongling
		Taking Huawei as a case, the paper analyzed its development experience for 30 years to explore its knowledge-driven technological innovation model and character-led business model innovation model, and tried to summarize the two elements into a coupling framework, which can be used to explain the corporate growth path. The results show that the development history of Huawei can be divided into three periods, i.e. pioneering period, local development period and international distribution period, and in these periods Huawei's technological innovation and business model innovation models driven by knowledge and character can also be summarized into three different clusters. The innovative growth of Huawei is depended on the coupling and cooperative innovation mechanism. The sustainable competitive advantage of Huawei is supported by two different paths: first, knowledge-driven technological innovation enhances the core competence, and;second, character-led business model innovation increases the differentiation competitive advantage.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 85-94 [Abstract] ( 576 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1353KB] ( 633 )

	95	Co-governance by Two generations and Technological Innovation of Chinese Family Firm
		Zheng Dengpan,Li Shengxiao
		In view of the present situation of two generations of founder and successor managing the family business, the paper analyzes the impact of different generations of co-governance model on the enterprise's innovation performance. Based on the theory of corporate governance, and combined with the actual Chinese, two governance models are classified, namely: the successor as chairman or general manager and the founder's major roles in decision making. The results show that the enterprise innovation performance has no significant difference with the successor as chairman or general manager, but the innovation performance of "successor leadership and founder participation" are significantly higher than the founder leadership or completely exiting. At the same time, other factors are analyzed, including veteran entrepreneurs and other family members in the top management team (TMT). We found that the number of family members in the top management team (TMT) has negative influence on enterprise innovation performance, but in the mode of "successor leadership and founder participation", this negative impact will become weak. The research conclusion has practical and theoretical significance for the family business management in China.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 95-102 [Abstract] ( 338 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1454KB] ( 306 )

	103	The Impact of Organizational Psychological Inertia on Disruptive Innovation
		Lin Chunpei,Pan Yali,Zhao Guanxi,Yu Chuanpeng
		Organizational inertia is considered to be an important factor hindering disruptive innovation of enterprises. However, existing literature has not fully explained the impact mechanism of organizational inertia on the enterprises' disruptive innovation. Based on organizational psychology and contingency perspective, using 316 valid data collected from Chinese manufacturing enterprises through questionnaire survey, this paper empirically researches how organizational inertia affects the enterprises' disruptive innovation. The result indicated that organizational psychological inertia negatively affects the ability to cannibalize and disruptive innovation of enterprises, while ability to cannibalize has a significant positive impact on enterprises' disruptive innovation. And the ability to cannibalize partly mediates the relationship between organizational psychological inertia and disruptive innovation. In addition, environmental turbulence has a negative moderating effect between organizational psychological inertia and disruptive innovation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 103-110 [Abstract] ( 402 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1205KB] ( 339 )

Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering

	111	The Effect of Task Complexity on Team Cognition
		Zhang Gang,Li Huihui
		Task is the basis for the existence of knowledge-based team in the organization, and also the inherent prerequisite for the emergence and development of team cognition. Among its many properties, complexity especially reflects the nature of knowledge-based team. From the perspective of system science, task complexity was reduced to three dimensions, namely, the number of elements, interdependence and variability, based on which different task categories were distinguished. A case study was designed to explore the effect of team task complexity on team cognitive structures in real knowledge-based teams. The results indicate that task complexity predicts team mental model well but predicts transactive memory system not so. Further studies on the cases reveal that the emergence of team cognitive structures is a function of endogenous task complexity and exogenous management norms. Only when they match would effective team cognitive structures be made possible. Hence, suggestions for the management of knowledge-based teams are proposed.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 111-118 [Abstract] ( 476 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1183KB] ( 342 )

	119	The Impacts of Knowledge Breadth and Depth on Internal Knowledge Search: The Moderating Effect of Structural Holes
		Wang Wei,Sun Xiaoming,Cui Wentian,Chen Yigang
		Recent network literatures on knowledge search not only ignore to examine the impacts of knowledge breadth and depth empirically, but also pay few attention to the interaction between individual and network attributes. To fill the gaps, based on American patent data of 33 largest pharmaceutical enterprises worldwide from 1975 to 2014, this article employed negative binominal regression model to study the influences of knowledge breadth and depth on internal knowledge search by inventors from the perspective of individual attributes, and then to explore the role structural holes play in moderating above relationships from the view of network attributes. Empirical results indicate that both knowledge breadth and knowledge depth exert positive effects on internal knowledge search;structural holes moderate above relationships positively. Such results fill the gaps of current studies, and examine the interaction effects of individual and networks attributes. Moreover, these findings provide pertinent suggestions for managers to promote inventors to search internal knowledge.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 119-128 [Abstract] ( 404 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1234KB] ( 385 )

Talent and Education

	129	Study on Academic Productivity of Young Faculty Members in Research Teams under the Reform of the Appointment System
		Yang Xi,Li Huan
		As the reform on the appointment system is being implemented in China's universities, it creates opportunities to select talents and improve the quality of faculty members. However, the reform could also add stress to young faculty members, especially for those working in research teams, who are required to conduct cooperation with other team members. Taking young faculty members from the State Key Laboratories (SKLs) as the objects, this study examines the effects of both the tenure reform and appointment assessment on the quantity and quality of academic publications and patents. It is found that the tenure policy has no significant effect in stimulating academic outputs for young faculty members, while adopting appointment assessment could improve the quality of academic outputs for young faculty members at SKLs. Besides, it is found that strictly implementing appointment assessment might have a weaker effect on academic publications for faculty members in engineering than those in non-engineering fields. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the appointment reform should take the research organization into consideration. For young faculty members at research teams, a mild reform on the appointment assessment might be more suitable than the "up-or-out" assessment. Moreover, the policymakers should consider the different effectiveness when implementing the appointment reform in different disciplines.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 129-137 [Abstract] ( 365 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1369KB] ( 317 )

	138	From 'Variability' to 'Adaptability': the Promoting Effect of Job Variety on Science and Technology Employees' Career Adaptability
		Lan Yujuan,Chen Zhixia
		Career adaptability is the psycho-social resource for employees to cope with various work environments. However, how to promote science and technology employees' career adaptability in technological enterprises in the way of effective management remains to be studied. To answer this question, the study developed a cross-level moderated mediation model to investigate the roles of employees' proactive behavior, transformational leadership that play in the relationship between job variety and career adaptability. Multisource data was collected from 78 leaders and 274 followers in the matched questionnaire survey in 2 phases. The result shows that: job variety has positive effect on career adaptability;and the employees' proactive behavior mediates the relationship between job variety and career adaptability. Meanwhile, transformational leadership moderates the mediation effect of proactive behavior. In other words, when the transformational leadership is higher, there exists the mediation effect of proactive behavior;when the transformational leadership is lower, the mediation effect does not salient.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 138-146 [Abstract] ( 479 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1254KB] ( 322 )

	147	The Realization Path and Boundary of Employee's Bootlegging: The Triggering Role of Dynamic of Playfulness
		Li Shuwen,Yao Zhu,Zhang Xianchun
		In the era of odd-job economy, bootleg innovation has become an important part of open innovation and independent innovation. However, few studies focus on the path and boundary of enhancing bootleg innovation. This study investigates 326 R&D employees and uses hierarchical regression and bootstrapping to construct a moderated mediation model with dynamic of playfulness as the antecedents, bootleg innovation as the consequence, external learning ability as the mediator and psychological security as the moderator. The results show that: (1) dynamic of playfulness and external learning capability have significant positive effects on bootleg innovation;(2) external learning ability plays partly mediating role between dynamic of playfulness and bootlegging;(3) psychological security plays a positive moderating role between dynamic of playfulness and external learning ability, and plays a positive moderating role between game dynamics and bootlegging. The conclusion reveals the effective path and boundary conditions to achieve bootlegging, and provides useful guidance for human resource management practice under open innovation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 147-152 [Abstract] ( 435 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1182KB] ( 319 )

Review

	153	Entrepreneur Opportunity Identification, Behavioral Decision making and Entrepreneurship
		Hou Junli,Wang Weiguang
		The study of entrepreneurs' opportunity recognition has gradually become the focus of attention of scholars in the field of entrepreneurship and enterprise management. In addition, entrepreneurship is the key factor for entrepreneurs' success in entrepreneurship. Based on Bibliometric Analysis method, Nvivo software is used to visualize the entrepreneurship-oriented literature in SD (Science Direct) and form word echogram and keyword Association map. The results show that entrepreneurship activities are social practice activities with opportunities as the main axis, including the whole process of entrepreneurship opportunity identification, opportunity conversion and opportunity commercialization. It is difficult for entrepreneurship opportunities to exist independently of entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs;the process of opportunity conversion fully reflects the entrepreneurs' external information or potential. The business model in the process of opportunity commercialization is the system optimization process of entrepreneurs' value creation activities. Based on the analysis results, the entrepreneurship shown by entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship team is very important for the choice of entrepreneurship activities and the decision-making of entrepreneurship process behavior.
		2019 Vol. 36 (23): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 436 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2673KB] ( 497 )

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