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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
2019 Vol.36 Issue.15
Published 2019-08-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
Review
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1
Multivariate Knowledge Seeking and Latecomer Firms Technology Innovation
Guo Lei
Multiple knowledge sources, including both technology worldwide and basic science, will become important knowledge sources for latecomer firms' technology innovation during their transition from followership to leadership. Using patents and their citations, this paper explores the effects of cross-border technology and science linkage on latecomer firms' innovation. The results show that the influence of level of knowledge transfer from foreign countries on latecomer firms' innovation is U-shaped; geographic diversity into foreign countries is significantly associated with firms' innovation. Moreover, we find that science linkage of latecomer firms do not have positive effect on their innovation. The study clarifies the mechanism and effectiveness of heterogeneous technological learning by latecomer firms during transition process, and has meaningful implications for their innovation catch-up and outward FDI.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 1-6 [
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Internal Innovation and External Innovation，Which is More Effective
Liu Lanjian,Li Ruiting
This paper uses the panel data analysis method to analyze the impacts and internal mechanisms of innovation performance from two aspects of independent innovation and external innovation based on China's ICT industry data from 2006 to 2015. The results show that independent innovation is the most important innovation driving force of the ICT industry, but the impact of R&D personnel activities on full-time equivalents on innovation performance is not significant; new product development expenditures are the reasons for improving economic performance, but they generate a certain inhibitory effect on innovation performance; the economic performance of external innovation is significant, and the positive synergies of various innovation paths are not fully realized.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 7-13 [
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Analysis and Suggestions on Organizational Management Patterns of High-tech Parks Based on the Large-scale Scientific Facilities
Zhang Lingling,Fu Saiji,Zhang Qiuliu,Jiang Ruoran
The national science and technology management system is the key lifeline for the development of one country. High-tech parks relying on the large-scale scientific facilities are controlled by the national science and technology(S&T) management system macroscopically and are a symbol of a country's scientific and technological strength and level of economic development. Taking the national S&T management system in the United States, Japan and Britain as an example, this paper explores the characteristics of highly decentralized, highly concentrated, decentralization and concentration combined S&T management system. Based on the analysis of external and internal organizational management patterns of ORNL, J-PARC and HSIC, this paper provides recommendations for external and internal organizational management patterns in Neutron Science City by combining with the S & T management system in China and the characteristics of the city.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 14-23 [
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Research on the Impact of the Evolution of R&D Model Cognition on Government Basic Research of China、USA & Japan
Wang Yiming,Chen Hu
After World War II, the United States, influenced by V.Bush's R&D linear model, attaching great importance to basic research, believing that increasing investment in basic research will eventually lead to more scientific and technological achievements. In the 1970s, influenced by the Pasteur Quadrant summarized by D·E·Stokes, Japan paid more attention to the input of basic research caused by application, and made rapid breakthroughs in the output of science and technology. At present, our country should pay more attention to the role of the New Pasteur Quadrant, pay more attention to the basic research of contract type and commercialization, especially the basic research of contract type and commercialization carried out by independent R&D enterprises (institutions), to help our country make new breakthroughs in original innovation and to break the blockade of high-tech from the "trade war" of the United States.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 24-30 [
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Why Japan is a Country of "Entrepreneurship Vacuum": Evidence from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
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Guo Kun
Innovation in Japan is always leading the world, but the entrepreneurial percentage in Japan is far below the average, which is called the "entrepreneurship vacuum". This article intends to investigate the reason of low entrepreneurship rate in Japan empirically. As an important variable in entrepreneurship research, the nascent entrepreneur rate has a significant meaning for all countries. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2010's data, we investigate the determinants of nascent entrepreneur and entrepreneurial intention in the personal level and incorporate the country/regional-level variables into our empirical model. Analyses showed that a simple country-level factor such as macroeconomic stability and uncertainty avoidance level cannot determine the probability of becoming a nascent entrepreneur. After considering age as a moderator, we have found that the three-way interaction effect is especially significant, meaning that the "entrepreneurship vacuum" in Japan is not simply caused by one single factor, but rather a combination of this country's aging population, macroeconomic instability and the high level of uncertainty avoidance in its cultural dimension. These results can help us better understand the Japaneses entrepreneurship and have implications for both the Japanese and Chinese government for policy making.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 31-36 [
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Regional Scientific Development
37
Study on the Convergence of China's Regional Green Innovation Efficiency
Lv Yanwei,Xie Yanxiang,Lou Xianjun
The paper takes "environmental pollution" and "innovation failure" into undesired output indicators and constructs the SBM-DEA model by using the panel data of 30 provinces of China from 2006 to 2016 to measure China's green innovation efficiency and regional differences. Furthermore, the paper tests the convergence of regional green innovation efficiency in China via the σ convergence model, the absolute β convergence model, and the conditional β convergence model. The results indicate that the regional green innovation efficiency of China shows an overall upward trend, however, there are also large regional differences, the green innovation efficiency in the eastern region is much higher than that in the central and western regions. Besides, there is no obvious σ convergence showing in the green innovation efficiency of the whole country, the eastern, the central and the western regions, but there is a significant absolute β convergence and the condition β converge in all of the above areas, and the remarkable factors that affecting the convergence are different among different areas in China.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 37-42 [
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Development of Innovative Cities in Europe, America and Asia and Its Enlightenment to China
Li Bingchao,Yuan Yong,Wang Zidan
Innovation center occupies a key core position in the global or regional innovation network. Building innovative city is an important support for the construction of innovation center. Based on the global innovation city top 100 released by Australian 2thinknow in recent years, this paper monitors and analyzes the main distribution and characteristics of innovative cities in Europe, America and Asia. Focus on analysis and comparison of London, Singapore, Paris, Hong Kong and other innovative city ranking changes. Finally, according to innovative city development mode and supporting key cities to build world-class innovative city clusters, some suggestions to further promote the construction of innovative city in China are put forward.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 43-48 [
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Industrial Technological Progress
49
Case Study and Validity Testing on Factors Affecting Endogenous Collective Action of Clustered Firms
Zheng Xiaoyong
Based on multiple theoretical perspectives and combination of multiple methodologies, such as partial exploratory case study, semi-open coding, factor analysis, and step wise regression, this paper identifies a set of factors that affect endogenous collective action of clustered firms. The perception of endogenous demand, long term orientation, local embeddedness, policy stimuli, peers reaction, and governance of business association, are positive factors that could push the focal firms to join in the endogenous collective action. However, scale of cluster and type of cluster are two negative factors which impede clustered firms' willingness to join endogenous collective action. The empirical research shows that the above eight factors have reliable construct validity and criterion validity.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 49-58 [
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Research on the Role of Industrial Innovation Behavior on Spatial Correlation
Wen Ke,Zhang Gui
Theoretically, Industrial innovation behavior is the impetus source of industrial resource integration and industry association. Based on energy-scale industrial data from 2002 to 2017, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the relationship between industrial innovation behavior and spatial correlation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The results of the study show that the industrial center status of Tianjin, Baoding and Cangzhou is strengthening, and the industrial center status of Beijing and Shijiazhuang continues to decline. Independent innovation, as an endogenous force of industrial structure optimization and upgrading, has universal and general influence on industrial linkage of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The role of open innovation in industrial linkage of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has relationship heterogeneity and particularity. Therefore, according to the actual characteristics of the industrial linkage network of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and on the basis of building the innovation chain of "Beijing research - Tianjin development - Hebei application", we should give full play to the advantages of various regions and jointly carry out industrial innovation activities to promote the effective link and the integration of elements of industry.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 59-68 [
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Enterprise Innovation Management
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Corporate Social Responsibility, Unabsorbed Slack Resources and Ambidextrous Technological Innovation
Ji Huanyong,Xu Guannan,Zhou Rong,Zhou Yuan
Current research on the relationship between CSR (corporate social responsibility) and technological innovation remains inconclusive. In order to open the "black box" of influence mechanism of CSR on technological innovation, this study examined effects of CSR on exploratory and exploitative innovation, and investigate how such effects are conditional on unabsorbed slack resources. Drawing on R&D intensive firms that were listed in the Shanghai or Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2016, the findings show that: ①CSR was positively associated with exploratory technological innovation;②unabsorbed slack resources positive moderated the relationship between CSR and exploratory technological innovation. This research contributes studies regarding the relationship between CSR and technological innovation, and enriches the contingent view of CSR.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 69-76 [
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The Mechanisms of State Owned Enterprises' Mixed Ownership Reform Affecting Innovation Investment: Government Intervention Effect or Agency Effect
Xu Weibin,Zhou Lili,Chen Mengyuan
In the context of mixed ownership reform, this paper analyzes how the ownership structure affects the level of enterprise innovation investment. The study finds that improving the proportion of non-state owned equity has a promoting effect on enterprise innovation investment. When the mixed ownership structure consists of foreign shareholders, the relationship between the proportion of non-state owned equity and enterprise innovation investment level was positively correlated. But when the mixed ownership structure contains only the private shareholders, there is no statistical significance of the relationship between the proportion of non-state owned equity and enterprise innovation investment level. Further research found that t improving the proportion of non-state owned equity can affect the level of enterprise innovation investment throw two paths: agency effect of managers and the effect of government intervention, and the key mechanism is the effect of managers' agency.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 77-83 [
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How do Entrepreneurial Firms Achieve Strategic Transformation by Using the Coordination of Resource Allocation Models and Dynamic Capabilities
Zhang Lu,Liang Lina,Chang Haodong
Due to the turbulence and uncertainty of the economic environment of globalization, how do new innovative companies coordinate their organizational behavior and capabilities to promote successful transformation of enterprises - respond to the drastic changes of the environment - become the core issue of strategic theory research. By selecting the M-Grass Ecology case as the study object, this paper analyzes the interaction between resource allocation models and dynamic capability in the process of enterprise transformation, reveals the evolution mechanism of enterprise resource allocation models and dynamic capability，and analyzes the internal mechanism process of enterprise strategic transformation. The main findings of this research showed as following:①enterprises use dynamic capabilities to capture their transformational factors to promote the formation of Resource allocation models compatible with the factors to achieve the successful transformation of enterprises;②The resource allocation models in coordination with dynamic capabilities of each stage undergoes the evolution process of "resource transfer internalization-resource patching expansion-resource transmit sharing";③The evolution of the resource allocation models promotes dynamic capabilities from "perceiving capabilities" to "integration capabilities" to "learning capabilities" to "innovation capabilities" to ensure that enterprises maintain dynamic and sustainable advantages of competition.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 84-92 [
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Private Equity Investment, Investor Sentiment and R&D Investment in Technology Companies
Xu Xiaoyang,Wang Dandan,Yao Hongxing
Based on the relevant panel data of technology-based enterprises listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2009-2017, the relationship between private equity investment, investor sentiment and corporate R&D investment is studied. The study shows that R&D investment in technology-based companies with private equity investments is stronger. Investor sentiment has a mediating effect between private equity investment and corporate R&D investment, that is, the investor sentiment of technology-based enterprises with private equity investment is higher, and the high investor sentiment will encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment. Through heterogeneity test, it is found that unlike state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, the investor sentiment of private enterprises plays a more significant role in private equity investment and R&D investment, and enterprises in different life cycles, whether young or mature enterprises, the mediating effects of investor sentiment are not significant. This paper incorporates investor sentiment into the analytical framework, and deeply studies the impact of private equity investment on corporate R&D activities, and provides important theoretical and practical reference for scientific decision-making of private equity investment institutions, enterprises and the government.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 93-99 [
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CEO Narcissism, R&D Investment and Enterprise Value
Qiao Penghua,Zhou Yang,Li Xiaoqing
Based on the upper echelons theory and resource dependence theory, this paper empirically investigates the impact of CEO narcissism on R&D investment and the enterprise value, using the sample of listed firms in China during the period from 2009 to 2016. Different from the negative consequences of CEO narcissism, the results of this study show that CEO narcissism has a significant positive impact on enterprise value; R&D investment plays a mediating role in the relationship between CEO narcissism and enterprise value--CEO narcissism can have a positive impact on enterprise value through R&D investment; from the perspective of nature of ownership, the narcissism of CEO of state-owned enterprises is more significant for R&D investment and enterprise value than non-state-owned enterprises The paper not only enrich and expand the theory of CEO narcissism, but also has important practical reference for the improvement of enterprise value and the choice of company executives.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 100-106 [
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Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
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Quantitative Research on the Policy Text of China's Central Government Supporting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development（2003-2017）
Yang Kairui,He Renxing,Zhong Shuhua
Once the concept of "mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation" was put forward, it has become a key strategy for China to implement innovation-driven development strategy. During the process of guiding and promoting the development of innovation and entrepreneurship, the central government of China has promulgated a large number of public policies. In order to clarify the development context of China's "double creation" policy, this paper takes the innovation and entrepreneurship support policy texts promulgated by the central government in recent 15 years as the research object. This study carries out frequency statistics and quantitative analysis from four dimensions: the types of policy texts, the composition of authoritative subjects and the number of papers issued, the relevance of themes, and policy tools. The research found that the policy of innovation and entrepreneurship support in China has four basic characteristics: "diversity and guidance" in the form of text, "strong authority and weak coordination" on the subject, "comprehensiveness and rationality" in the theme relevance, and "pluralism and indirectness" in the use of policy tools. In view of the characteristics and shortcomings of China's innovation and entrepreneurship support policy, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 107-114 [
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An Empirical Study on the Government Support Policies to High-Tech Enterprises in Start-up：Mediation Effect by Key Factors
Liu Qinhua,Liu Xiaobing,Huang Hao
In recent years, the government has introduced a number of policies to support and help high-tech enterprises for better development at the seed stage. Scholars believe that the financial support, tax incentives and other means contribute to the enterprises obtaining good benefit for the stable development at the seed stage. But whether the enterprise can survive and achieve success is decided by its technology, finance, management and other factors. This study proposes a theoretical model of "government supporting policies – the key elements of enterprises – the output benefit of high tech enterprises", and taking the high-tech enterprises in Dalian province as the object of questionnaire survey, using the AMOS7.0 to verify the mechanism between the three, and putting forward the corresponding suggestions according to the results of the analysis.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 115-121 [
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Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
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Environmental Knowledge Learning, Green Innovation Behavior and Environmental Performance
Li Jieyi,Zhang Gong,Xie Linna
By selecting effective samples of 367 manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Della, this paper analyzes the inherent relationship among environmental knowledge learning，green innovation behavior and environmental performance. The results show that environmental knowledge learning has a positive effect on green innovation behavior and environmental performance. Green innovation behavior has a positive impact on environmental performance, and fully mediate the positive relationship between exploitation learning of environmental knowledge and environmental performance. At the same time, green innovation behavior has a partially mediation effect on the positive relationship between exploration learning of environmental knowledge and environmental performance. This paper reveals the inherent mechanism of environment knowledge learning and environmental performance, and expands the theoretical space in the related fields such as organization learning and environment management. It has great implications for enterprises on the implement of green innovation strategy.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 122-128 [
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A Technology M&A Perspective：Empirical Study of Knowledge Relevance on the Innovation Performance
Mao Di,Shi Jianjun,Chen Xiaolin
As the propose of the development theory of innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing, the development of China enters a new stage. Companies get to know that the importance of innovative capacity to the development of companies, and also learns that it is not enough that fight for themselves in promoting the innovative ability.By analyzing the data of technology M&A of Chinese high-tech industry lists companies from 2010 to 2016, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between knowledge relationship and innovation performance of M&A firms. Research finds that there is an inverted U-shaped relation between knowledge similarities and innovative performance of technological M&A of companies, and this inverted U-shaped relation also exists between knowledge complementary and innovation performance. Besides, knowledge similarity and complementarity of M&A firms can influence innovation performance together, the improvement of knowledge similarity can enlarge the influence of knowledge complementarity on innovation performance.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 129-136 [
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Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
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The Connotation and Realizing Path of Advanced National Defense Science and Technology Industrial System with Chinese Characteristics
Huang Yusen,Ji Jianqiang,Guo Qin
The advanced national defense science and technology industrial system with Chinese characteristics is a symbiotic system that is formed by the coupling of the three core elements of "national defense science and technology research and development-the production of weapon equipment and the institutional environment". The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the "special feature" of the advanced national defense science and technology industry with Chinese characteristics. The "advanced" is reflected in the high degree of openness, efficient operation, rational layout and structural optimization, as well as the dynamics of civilian-military integration, innovation-driven and green environmental protection system. To build an advanced national defense science and technology industrial system with Chinese characteristics, we need to base ourselves on the connotation gap between the existing national defense science and technology industrial system and the target system. By comprehensively using the market and the government mechanism, we should take Strategies such as market access, industrial structure and layout adjustment, military industrial reform ,encourage innovation Integration, civilian-military integration, and so on.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 137-145 [
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146
Game Analysis of Information-Sharing Mechanism Based on Three Subjects in Private Military Enterprises
Wu shaohua,Jiao Shenxiang
Under the background of deep military and civilian integration, it is of great value and practical significance to construct a reasonable information sharing mechanism based on the three main bodies of military, small and medium-sized private military enterprises and venture capital institutions. By describing the basic connotation of the three-party information sharing mechanism in the private military enterprises, the article analyzes the internal mechanism of information sharing mechanism based on the structure of the information sharing mechanism, and uses the evolutionary game. Analyzing how the success rate of technological innovation, the total revenue from technological innovation and the profit distribution ratio affects the operation of the mechanism, and aiming at the existing problems in the operation of the information sharing mechanism, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions from three perspectives: breaking the information island pattern, solving information security problems, and improving the strength of the information subject. We will promote the smooth operation of the three-party information sharing mechanism in the private military enterprises and jointly promote the development of innovative technologies for national defense.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 146-152 [
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Review
153
Firm′s Big Data Capability: A Literature Review and Prospects
Zheng Liyuan,Zhou Haiwei
Big data brings a transformative impact, as well as many challenges, to firms. Referring to IT Capability, scholars propose the concept of big data capability(BDC).However, the definition, the nature and the dimensions of BDC are not unified, which is not conducive to research progress. This paper reviews the existing research on BDC, elaborates its connotation and differences with similar constructs, and integrates the dimensions of it based on RBV. The organizational values brought by BDC are also summarized. Finally, four research prospects are proposed on the basis of current research. First, distinguish BDC from Big Data-Enabled Capability and exploring the value realization mechanism of BDC. Second, further clarify the process of how big data resources transform into BDC. Third, further explore the differences in BDC of different types and the influencing factors. Fourth, refer to the similar constructs and further integrate the trend of fragmentation of related theories. The research indicates the direction for further deepening the research on BDC.
2019 Vol. 36 (15): 153-160 [
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