With the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, the level of innovation and entrepreneurship activity has become one of the important indicators for measuring the regional economic development. Existing research has indicated the significance of entrepreneurial activities varies for countries at different stages of development. For emerging economies like China, the effectiveness of urban entrepreneurial activities in driving city economic growth remains underexplored; thus it is worth exploring whether entrepreneurial activities can effectively drive the urban economic development of China, especially in the context of severe regional development imbalances. Further analysis is needed to determine whether there is significant regional heterogeneity in the mechanism of urban entrepreneurial activities on economic growth. In addition, specialized industrial clusters can also provide knowledge in a specific technical field for entrepreneurial activities, which is more conducive to the emergence of entrepreneurial enterprises in specific technical fields. It can be seen that a thorough analysis of the characteristics of urban knowledge base is crucial for revealing the mechanism of the role of urban entrepreneurship in economic growth.　　　
In order to investigate the mechanisms through which urban entrepreneurship influences regional economic growth, and further analyze the impact mechanisms of enterprise diversity and industry specialization on the relationship between urban entrepreneurship and economic growth, this study establishes a panel regression model that includes regional fixed effects to explore the correlation between urban entrepreneurship and regional economic growth, as well as the moderating mechanisms of enterprise diversity and industry specialization. For the dataset, we selected the top 100 cities by GDP as our research sample. The data was sourced from the 'China City Statistical Yearbook' (2015-2021), provincial statistical yearbooks, the seventh national census, and platforms like Aiqicha and Peking University's Digital Inclusive Finance. Missing data were handled using mean imputation and linear interpolation methods.
The study concludes that, firstly, urban entrepreneurship fosters regional economic development by creating more entrepreneurial opportunities through knowledge spillover effects, increasing the efficiency of transforming innovative knowledge into economic knowledge, and nurturing more breakthrough entrepreneurial projects. Secondly, the clustering of diversified enterprises strengthens the positive impact of entrepreneurial activities on regional economic growth. Diversified clustering facilitates more entrepreneurial knowledge spillover effects, encouraging enterprises to enhance their technological innovation capabilities. Thirdly, the clustering of industry specialization exhibits a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and regional economic development. Excessive industry clustering can lead to technological monopolies and business barriers, causing homogenization of local knowledge elements and restricting the entry of new industries. Fourthly, an analysis based on regional heterogeneity shows that in eastern and western regions, enterprise diversity can enhance the positive impact of urban entrepreneurship on economic growth, but this effect is not significant in central regions.
The novelty of this paper lies in two aspects. Firstly, it chooses cities as the research level, delving into the specific impact of entrepreneurial activities in various cities on local economic development and analyzing the differentiated impacts on economic development of entrepreneurial activities in eastern, central, and western regions. This has significant practical implications for formulating entrepreneurship nurturing policies tailored to local conditions and enhancing the overall competitiveness of cities. Secondly, the study incorporates the concept of agglomeration economics to explore how different forms of agglomeration and their externalities affect the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and economic growth, providing a fresh perspective for theoretical research on the entrepreneurial knowledge spillover effect.
This study holds significant practical guidance for achieving high-quality regional economic development. It emphasizes that during China's critical phase of economic transformation, entrepreneurial activities make a notable contribution to economic growth. Firstly, the government should actively implement relief policies for small and medium-sized enterprises to stimulate entrepreneurial vitality. Secondly, as enterprise diversity impacts city entrepreneurship and economic growth, the government should construct industry clusters to cultivate complementary entrepreneurial enterprises and technology-oriented SMEs. Lastly, the study suggests that the government should promote regional specialization and vertical separation in the industrial chains of large and medium-sized enterprises to foster entrepreneurship in the technology sector, while guarding against the negative effects of clustering.

As a typical representative of the new industrial economy, the development level of advanced manufacturing highlights a country's comprehensive national strength and regional core competitiveness.In recent years, China's advanced manufacturing industry in the global value chain system is still locked in the bottom of the smile curve of low value-added links. The strategic plan of "accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international dual circulation promoting each other" and "building a high-quality regional economic layout" proposed at the 20th National Congress aims to promote the rational flow and efficient aggregation of key production factors, fully leverage the comparative advantages of various regions, and thus form a high-quality development pattern. The current Chinese economy is in a critical process of transitioning towards high-quality development. The extensive growth of increasing factor inputs in the traditional economic system has transformed into an "intensive" growth of improving total factor productivity (TFP). Servitization is an important upgrade path for the manufacturing industry to consume service elements, improve resource allocation, and achieve value addition. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive research on the impact of service inputs that carry knowledge and technology on TFP. But they are not yet united in their views on the relationship between servitization and total factor productivity in manufacturing or advanced manufacturing. The relevant research lacks further consideration of the service-oriented utility of advanced manufacturing industries in various regions of China, and also overlooks the comprehensive consideration of the differences in service factor sources in the context of dual circulation. This article distinguishes the differences in the sources of service factors in the context of dual circulation, and based on this, further tests the impact of different input sources of servitization on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing. It enriches the research on the impact mechanism of servitization on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing in the context of dual circulation, and provides reference and guidance for improving the domestic and international service factor flow markets and promoting industrial upgrading.
Specifically, this article distinguishes the sources of service factors invested in regional advanced manufacturing based on the value-added flow between industries in the context of dual circulation, and measures the level of service based on world input-output data embedded in the Chinese region. Furthermore, a fixed effects model is used to empirically test the impact of overall input service and input service originating from internal and external circulation on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing and explore their mechanisms of action. The study draws the following conclusions. The overall impact of servitization on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing is not significant, but the impact of servitization from different input sources on the total factor productivity of the regional advanced manufacturing industry is heterogeneous. The improvement of servitization level from internal circulation has a promoting effect on total factor productivity, while servitization from external circulation has a restraining effect. Mechanism testing shows that both knowledge capital investment and innovation accumulation can enhance the promoting effect of servitization-oriented originating from internal circulation on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing, and can also weaken the inhibitory effect of servitization-oriented originating from external circulation on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing. This article enriches and expands the theoretical and empirical research on the issues of service-oriented and regional advanced manufacturing industry upgrading against the backdrop of dual circulation.
The possible innovations of this article are reflected in three aspects. Firstly, it distinguishes the sources of productive service factors in China's regions based on the flow of industrial added value in the context of dual circulation, enriching the research from the perspective of service source differences; secondly, the servitization from different sources is measured from the perspective of added value, which compensates somewhat for the problem of duplicate calculation; finally, the exploration of the impact mechanism of servitization on the total factor productivity of regional advanced manufacturing industry against the backdrop of dual circulation enriches relevant theories.

Along with the global economic downturn, geopolitical instability, and blockade of key technologies, the risks faced by the innovation ecosystem have been increasing. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the resilience of the regional innovation ecosystem. As an important part of the innovation ecosystem, technology services can provide R&D services, such as innovative R&D, technology promotion, and professional technical consulting on the R&D segment of the innovation ecosystem; on the production side, they can provide production services such as entrepreneurial incubation, financial technology, information supply, etc. Both types of technology services are conducive to promoting the flow and value appreciation of innovation resources, thereby strengthening the output of innovation results, improving the innovation capabilities of each innovation entity, and helping to enhance the resilience of the regional innovation ecosystem. However, on the one hand, due to the heterogeneity of different types of technology services, they may play different roles in enhancing the resilience of the regional innovation ecosystem; on the other hand, current technology services in China are confronted with weak specialization, limited service capabilities and other issues. To this end, it is necessary to further explore the effects and mechanisms of different types of technology services on the resilience of regional innovation ecosystems.
This study examines the internal logic of two types of technology services affecting the resilience of regional innovation ecosystems, and introduces innovation resource redundancy and innovation resource allocation efficiency. After clarifying their role in the impact path, it puts forward five research hypotheses and constructs an index system for the level of forward symbiotic technology service, backward symbiotic technology service and resilience of innovation ecosystem; and the balanced panel data for 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) from 2011-2021 are collected for empirical test to explore the mechanism of different types of technology services on the resilience of innovation ecosystem under the mediating effect of innovation resource redundancy and innovation resource allocation, and discover the effect of two technology services synergistically affecting the resilience of innovation ecosystem.
The following main conclusions are presented. First, both types of technology services have a significant effect on improving the resilience of innovation ecosystem in China. Compared with forward technology services, the boosting effect of backward technology services is more obvious. Second, innovation resource redundancy plays a mediating role in the process of forward technology services enhancing the resilience of innovation ecosystem; innovation resource redundancy and allocation efficiency play a mediating role in the process of backward technology services enhancing the resilience of innovation ecosystem. Third, as the redundancy of innovation resources increases, the marginal benefits of the two technology services in enhancing the resilience of innovation ecosystem show an inverted U-shaped trend; as the efficiency of innovation resource allocation increases, the marginal benefits of the two technology services in enhancing the resilience of innovation ecosystem increase. Fourth, from the perspective of synergy, the synergy of two types of technology services has a significant enhancement effect on the resilience of innovation ecosystem. The "forward symbiosis" and "backward symbiosis" technology services strengthen synergy and play a complementary role in their functions, which can improve regional innovation ecosystem resilience and sustainability.
Compared with existing research, the marginal contributions of this study are threefold. First, it incorporates technology service level, innovation resource redundancy and innovation resource allocation efficiency into the innovation ecosystem resilience analysis framework to explore the relationship between the three and their paths affecting the resilience of innovation ecosystems. As such, it expands related research on the resilience of innovation ecosystems. Second, it divides technology services into forward symbiotic technology services and backward symbiosis technology services, constructs their evaluation index systems, respectively, studies their impact on the resilience of innovation ecosystem, thus providing evidence for the formulation of relevant policies to improve the level of technology services. Third, it draws on the idea of evolutionary resilience to explore the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of regional innovation ecosystem resilience improvement, which provides theoretical reference for exploring the influencing factors and environmental conditions of regional innovation ecosystem resilience.

The urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are the power sources and growth poles of regional economic development. Their green innovation strategies play a crucial role in driving the surrounding areas. Among them, the economic strength and innovative elements of the two urban agglomerations are concentrated, making them key spatial carriers for strengthening the integration of intellectual property protection in the Yangtze River Delta region during the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan", and promoting the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an international cooperation highland for intellectual property. As the leaders in promoting the integrated development of major national regional strategies, the construction and improvement of the green innovation pattern within urban agglomerations is particularly important. How to effectively rely on intellectual property protection to accelerate and assist the development of green innovation has become a breakthrough point in promoting high-quality economic development and building a new development pattern. The existing literature emphasizes examining the empowering mechanism of IPR protection for green innovation processes from a national, provincial, industrial, and enterprise perspective. There is a lack of further exploration of the nonlinear relationship between IPR protection and urban green innovation at the city level.
This study focuses on the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban clusters, analyzing the driving effects of IPR protection on the development of urban green innovation and its internal mechanisms based on panel data from 2010 to 2021, using spatial Durbin models and threshold models. The study finds that (1) the empowering effect of IPR protection on urban green innovation is continuously changing. As the level of IPR protection increases, the driving effect changes from "incentive effect" to "crowding-out effect", and its negative hindering effect shows a trend of increasing strength. In the Pearl River Delta urban cluster, there is a more complex inverted "U" relationship between the two, while no significant nonlinear evolution is found in the Yangtze River Delta. (2) The spillover effect of IPR protection has significant spatial heterogeneity. In the Pearl River Delta urban cluster, local IPR protection has a "stimulating effect" on the development of adjacent urban green innovation, while the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster shows a "crowding-out effect". (3) IPR protection is conducive to promoting the quality improvement of green innovation, which means that under more stringent IPR protection, cities tend to conduct substantive green innovation rather than strategic green innovation. (4) The mechanism test shows that the improvement of IPR protection level induces R&D personnel and funding inputs, promoting the improvement of urban green innovation capabilities based on existing innovation activities.
With a focus on the two largest city clusters in China, namely the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, this study employs kernel density estimation and exploratory spatial analysis tools to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation of green innovation efficiency and intellectual property protection level within these two city clusters, providing a more refined characterization of the green innovation efficiency and intellectual property protection level at the urban scale from the input-output perspective of expected and unexpected output, as well as the perspective of technology transaction market. Then, by incorporating intellectual property protection into the analysis framework of green innovation development, the study explores the incentive and crowding-out effects of intellectual property protection in driving the green innovation process, from the perspectives of heterogeneous non-linearities and spatial interaction effects, shedding light on whether intellectual property protection can break the binary constraints of "ecology" and "innovation" in urban green innovation.Furthermore, it examines the mechanism through which intellectual property protection promotes urban green innovation by investigating the transition of green innovation status and quality, and finds that investment in research and development and research funding can enable intellectual property protection to promote green innovation, resulting in cities combining green innovation with existing innovation activities;under stricter intellectual property protection, cities tend to engage in substantive rather than strategic innovation.

Patents, as an important part of intellectual property, are an important dimension for measuring independent innovation capability. High-value patents are better than non-high-value patents in terms of patent quality and original innovation, and are an important means in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and building a strong science and technology country. However, China's patents are numerous but not necessarily of higher quality, and are still restricted in some core technology areas. Enhancing the output of high-value patents has become a realistic requirement to accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement. At present, the innovation pattern of "being strong in the east and weak in the west" still exists and is deepening, and scientific and technological innovation is an important way to improve the coordination and balance of development, so it is necessary to study the spatial pattern of high-value patents to alleviate the phenomenon of imbalance in regional innovation development. In addition, there is a significant spatial correlation of innovation, and ignoring the spatial effect may make the model setting biased, so the study of high-value patents should also consider the spatial issue. Cities are the spatial units and main carriers of innovation, as well as more effective units for the in-depth implementation of differentiated policies, but there are relatively few studies exploring the spatial pattern of innovation and the factors influencing it at the urban scale.
Therefore, using the panel data of 285 prefectural-level and above cities in China from 2005 to 2021, this study delves into the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of high-value patents in China from the city level and constructs spatial econometric models from a spatial perspective. The influencing factors are examined in terms of economic foundation, governmental emphasis, talent scale and ecological environment. It also further divides the regions according to the high-value patent agglomeration and explores the differences in influencing factors in different regions. This paper aims to provide a basis for improving China's high-value patent output, forming a high-value patent pattern with complementary advantages and coordinated development, and implementing differentiated innovation policies.
It is found that high-value patents present a clear pattern of coastal strength over inland, with a decreasing pattern from the east to the central and then to the west. The diamond-shaped structure with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing as the apex encompasses most of the high-value patents, forming a high-value patent aggregation circle with Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen as the core. In recent years, high-value patents in general have shown an increasing trend, but the growth in coastal areas is more rapid, and the diamond-shaped structure is becoming more and more prominent. The study also finds that GDP significantly increases the size of high-value patents in the region, but has a stronger dampening effect on high-value patents in neighboring regions. Expenditure on science and technology and the number of scientific researchers have a significant impact on high-value patents in both local and neighboring regions. The role of education expenditure on high-value patents is mainly reflected in the promotion of the region. Students enrolled in general higher education institutions will significantly suppress the size of high-value patents in the neighboring regions. Parks and green spaces will significantly promote the output of high-value patents in the region. It is worth noting that the economic base will significantly inhibit the development of high-value patents in neighboring regions, contrary to the results of the study on general patents; students enrolled in higher education institutions do not have a significant role in promoting the scale of high-value patents in the region, while other studies have shown that students enrolled in colleges and universities can significantly enhance the level of innovation in the region. Finally, there is heterogeneity in the influencing factors of high-value patents in the diamond-shaped structure region, the northeast region, and the peripheral regions.
In conclusion, using high-value patents as a measure of innovation, this study explores the spatial pattern and influencing factors on the urban scale, and considers the regional heterogeneity of the influencing factors. The findings provide a targeted reference for creating high-value patents in various regions.

Recognized as key to achieving high-quality economic growth, businesses are increasingly acknowledged for their potential to drive green innovation, a transition integral to embracing sustainable practices.Despite the critical importance of this shift, the dual externalities of environmental and technological factors often dissuade companies from actively engaging in green innovation practices.While existing research has thoroughly explored the influence of external policy mechanisms, such as environmental regulations, government subsidies, green credits, and carbon emissions trading on promoting green innovation, the role of market-driven factors, particularly ESG rating divergence, has been less addressed.ESG ratings, essential components of the green finance ecosystem, are designed to catalyze economic transformation and aid in achieving dual carbon targets.These ratings, derived from publicly disclosed ESG information and the unique assessment models of rating agencies, serve as a crucial benchmark for external stakeholders to assess a firm's ESG performance.However, variations in evaluation criteria and disclosure practices among different rating agencies can lead to significant discrepancies in ESG ratings.Such divergences can highlight the risks and uncertainties associated with a firm's ESG performance, potentially undermining its capacity and effectiveness in green innovation.This paper aims to explore the impact of ESG rating divergence on corporate green innovation, focusing on how these discrepancies may inhibit a firm's resources, such as financial, human, and technological assets, thereby affecting their ability to innovate sustainably.
According to the resource-based view, achieving green innovation within a corporation necessitates significant investment in a variety of resources, including financial capital, human resources, technological resources, and knowledge resources.ESG rating divergence can act as a significant barrier to corporate green innovation.Discrepancies in these ratings amplify perceived risks and uncertainties, complicating a firm's ability to secure financing.Banks and financial institutions may see companies with inconsistent ESG scores as entities with higher risks, which can lead to increased borrowing costs or restricted access to essential green financing.Additionally, these discrepancies can undermine employee confidence in their organization's commitment to sustainability.This erosion of trust can hinder the attraction and retention of top talent, particularly individuals who prioritize environmental values in their workplace.Moreover, the uncertainty fostered by divergent ESG ratings discourages investment in research and development for new green technologies.Thus, ESG rating divergence directly affects a company's capability and willingness to innovate in green technologies, ultimately impeding progress towards sustainable development goals.
This paper delves into the nuanced dynamics between ESG rating divergence and green innovation within China's A-share non-financial public companies from 2009 to 2022.The findings reveal a substantial inhibitory effect of ESG rating divergence on green innovation, primarily mediated through increasing financing constraints, diminishing human capital quality, and curtailing R&D investment.Further, this paper identifies that the adverse impact of ESG rating divergence on green innovation is significantly modulated by industry competition and corporate ownership structures.Notably, the negative effect is more pronounced in companies operating within less competitive sectors and non-state-owned enterprises.Furthermore, the analysis categorizes companies into three groups based on ESG rating divergence.It finds that in the group with a high ESG rating divergence, the level of green innovation significantly decreases.In the group with low ESG rating divergence and low ESG ratings, green innovation levels remain largely unaffected.However, in the group with low ESG rating divergence and high ESG ratings, the level of green innovation is notably enhanced.
These insights suggest that policymakers should enforce unified standards and require full transparency of rating methodologies and data sources to enhance ESG ratings' consistency.Additionally, the government could bolster support for green innovation through fiscal incentives and the development of green financial instruments such as green credits and bonds.Companies are encouraged to invest in training programs that increase employee engagement in sustainable practices, promoting a culture of innovation that supports enhanced ESG performance.This integrated approach not only clarifies the pathways through which ESG rating divergence impacts green innovation but also frames actionable strategies for stakeholders to mitigate these effects and foster sustainable corporate growth.

The utilization of advanced resources and independent mastery of key technologies by Chinese enterprises to achieve ecological niche leaps is the only way to build competitive advantages. In order to widen the ecological niche, realize the ecological niche upgrade and sustain the advantages, enterprises not only need to master the key technology, but more importantly, realize the breakthrough innovation of the key technology and broaden the scope of the ecological niche. Meanwhile, advanced digital technology, data elements and other digital and physical resources are intertwined and integrated, providing enterprises with diversified, personalized, and flexible technology plans. The present studies have explored three main perspectives of technology, market and capability. Despite the focus on the advanced nature of digital resources, there is a lack of attention to the new quality productive forces of “digital reality” integration, and a lack of research that integrates “resources (leverage)-technology (breakthrough)-ecological niche (leapfrog)” and “resources (leverage)-technology (breakthrough)-ecological niche (leapfrog)”. Moreover, existing studies mostly consider the linear chain effect of a single factor, and fail to analyze the joint driving mechanism to examine the interaction of antecedent factors on the result of ecological niche leaping from the perspective of multi-factor grouping.
Therefore, this study selects Sany Heavy Industry Group as a typical sample of intelligent manufacturing enterprises to explore how enterprises can use "digital and real" resources to integrate resource leverage and achieve breakthrough innovation driven ecological niche leaps in key technologies. Using a longitudinal case study method, it extracts the internal mechanisms and process laws to provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for enterprises to scientifically utilize the new quality production factors of intelligent physical resources formed by the integration of digital and physical resources, and build competitive advantages.
　　The results show that in the vertical complementary niche climbing stage, enterprises bridge physical resources through digital resources, generate diversified resource combinations, provide diversified technical solutions and research ideas for enterprises, and help enterprises promote upstream and downstream support for technological innovation in deep and segmented fields. In the stage of horizontal cross-border niche expansion, enterprises connect with other industry resources through digital platforms, reshape resource allocation relationships between different industries, change the relationships between original production factors, and form a cross-industry mixed resource allocation system. In the spiral upgrading stage of vertical and horizontal ecological niches, digital resources and physical resources are mapped to each other, evolving from simple digital concatenation to interactive symbiosis, and achieving a diversified iteration of technology, data and real integration resources in more scenarios; The deep technological innovation and horizontal cross-industry technological integration innovation of enterprises in their own fields complement each other, presenting a spiral and progressive upward trend, forming a multi industry, multi-dimensional, and integrated ecological advantage; thus achieving a three-dimensional upgrade of the ecological niche through vertical and horizontal interactive iterations.
　　In summary, this study integrates technology innovation theory, niche theory, and resource-based theory to analyze the dynamic evolution process of intelligent manufacturing enterprises, leveraging the integration of digital and real resources to promote key technology innovation and drive ecological niche leaps. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the three-stage dynamic leap path of "vertical niche climb, horizontal niche expansion, and vertical and horizontal niche spiral upgrade", it clarifies the differential mechanisms of multi-dimensional interaction between digital and real integration and key technology innovation in different stages and dimensions.Thirdly, in the vertical case analysis process, it utilizes the coding method of key events to not only extract the mechanism of the three ecological niche leaps within each stage, but also analyze the process mechanism between stages. This study identifies causal relationships among key events and finds that during the transition from vertical niche to horizontal niche expansion, enterprises mainly embed complementary niches from a single industry into a central niche. The analysis of the transformation mechanisms in different stages further advances the theoretical understanding of the evolution mechanism of enterprise ecological niche leap, and responds to the case study's emphasis on the process changes among stages by scholars such as Shi Xuanya.

With the rise of mobile Internet, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies, digitalization is subverting the business philosophy of enterprises and promoting the emergence of platform-type enterprises. As an important part of state-owned enterprises, state-owned platform enterprises have made great contributions to making up the gap in local financial funds, accelerating infrastructure construction, and promoting urban economic development since their birth. However, with the expansion of business operations, the overall innovation performance of state-owned platform enterprises is low, and it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of digital development. Therefore, this paper explores the path of state-owned platform enterprises to promote innovation performance under the digital trend, which can help them clarify the direction of decision-making, enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, and thus improve the overall level of innovation and development in our country. At present, there are relatively few studies on the innovation performance effect paths of state-owned platform enterprises, and most of the existing studies only focus on the net effect of a single antecedent condition on innovation performance, ignoring the influence of multiple antecedent conditions on the result. In addition, the existing studies on innovation performance are scattered without systematic sorting and induction, and the deep-seated reasons for the differentiation of innovation performance have not been fully analyzed.
Therefore, given the understudied effect paths of the innovation performance of state-owned platform enterprises, this study summarizes the new characteristics of the factors affecting the innovation performance of state-owned platform enterprises at the present stage, and introduces the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to build a multi-factor configuration model for the improvement of innovation performance of state-owned platform enterprises under the digital backdrop. The fsQCA method is used to explore the configuration effects of digital platform capability, platform openness, platform leadership, digital policy support and innovation policy support on the innovation performance of state-owned platform enterprises. Then, 29 industrial parks with large scales were selected from 49 industrial parks in Tianjin, and a representative state-owned platform enterprise is selected from each park as a case study. In this study, 210 questionnaires were sent out to senior executives of state-owned platform enterprises in Tianjin, with 205 valid data obtained.
It is found that, first, there is not any single factor able to be the necessary condition for state-owned platform enterprises to achieve a high level of innovation performance. Against the digital backdrop, it is a complex process of synergy and dynamic evolution of multiple factors, including technology, organization, and environment for state-owned platform enterprises to achieve a high level of innovation performance , and no single condition can play a decisive role. Second, there are four types of configuration for state-owned platform enterprises to achieve a high level of innovation performance, including the technology-driven type, the type of technology-driven platform leadership , the coordination type of digital platform capability and innovation policy support , and the digital policy support type. Although the antecedent conditions of each of the above configurations are different, they can help state-owned platform enterprises achieve a high level of innovation performance. Thirdly, digital platform capability as the core condition appears many times in the configuration path, indicating that digital platform capability plays a key role in achieving the innovation performance of high-level state-owned platform enterprises. Fourth, the configuration path of high-level innovation performance of state-owned platform enterprises shows that even if state-owned platform enterprises lack a certain factor, their innovation performance is not necessarily low, and other factors can make up for its deficiency.
Considering the development status of state-owned platform enterprises against the digital backdrop, this study breaks through the existing research framework, and refines the influencing factors of innovation performance of five state-owned platform enterprises from the aspects of technology, organization and environment, enriching the application scenarios of TOE framework. It identifies multiple configuration paths for state-owned platform enterprises to achieve high-level innovation performance and deepens the theoretical explanation for the differentiated growth paths of different complementary state-owned platform enterprises, which provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for managers of state-owned platform enterprises to choose the configuration paths of innovation performance of high-level state-owned platform enterprises according to their own conditions.

As the strategic deployment for achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening in China has been improving, organized research in universities has emerged as a new policy discourse and a core concept in the transformation of the university science and technology innovation model for the new era. It has gradually attracted attention in the realms of policy formulation and academic research in recent years. However, the concept and structural dimensions of the efficacy of organized research in universities still exhibit considerable ambiguity without an effective and comprehensive analytical framework. Meanwhile, due to the lack of tools for measuring the efficacy of organized research in universities, research management staff are unable to carry out an evidence-based, comprehensive, and systematic assessment of the implementation of organized research policies in universities, and they can only empirically summarize the efficacy of organized research in universities by combining quantitative indicators such as the number of leading talents, the number of strategic scientists, the number of platforms, and the number of national scientific and technological prizes. These deficiencies have hindered academic and practical circles from understanding and grasping the advantages and shortcomings of organized scientific research, and accurately displaying the potential of scientific research teams.
In light of this, the study focuses on the efficacy of organized research in universities in China. It searches the China Knowledge Network database using the term "organized scientific research in colleges and universities". There are 55 articles obtained, and after screening, the study finally obtains 21 research papers for qualitative meta-analysis, published between 2022 and 2023. It further employs a qualitative meta-analysis method to explore its conceptual connotation and structure in the analytical process of extracting, coding, and categorizing the sample. There are 93 valid labels and 41 initial categories in the first stage of coding. In the second stage of coding, after repeated comparisons and iterations, the study clarifies four dimensions of university innovation efficacy, university support efficacy, team synergy efficacy, and member participation efficacy, which can explain the conceptual connotations of organized research efficacy in universities in a clearer and more comprehensive way.
In order to develop the scale of organized research in universities, the study utilizes a deductive approach to synthesize existing literature and coding results to generate a pool of measurement items. To ensure the content validity of the scale, three senior scholars in the field of research management in universities and four research management personnel have been invited to qualitatively assess the items to ensure that the experts' and the interviewees' understanding of each item remained consistent. Then the initial scale containing 45 test items is formed,followed by a questionnaire on the efficacy of organized research in universities for further adjustment. After exploratory factor analysis and rigorous factor analysis , the study successfully develops the scale.
The results show that the efficacy of organized research in universities is a multidimensional construct with rich connotations, including the dimensions of university innovation efficacy, university support efficacy, team synergy efficacy, and member participation efficacy. The scale, consisting of 4 factors and 16 items, can measure the actual and potential efficacy of organized research in universities. Factor analysis results indicate that the scale has ideal levels of reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for measuring the efficacy of organized research in universities.
The study advances the theoretical system in the field of organized research in universities and supports the implementation of targeted strategies to improve the actual efficacy of organized research in universities. Meanwhile, as the selected samples are mainly concentrated in the eastern region,the sample data for this study needs to be enriched. Due to the differences in culture, economy, and context, the representativeness of the samples may be reduced. In the future, larger scale surveys can be conducted to improve the scale in different contexts, reducing sample selection bias.

Intellectual property protection is highly stressed in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In recent years, the quantity of patent applications and grants in universities and research institutes has been increasing by more than 20% every year, but the quality of patents is uneven. The relevant data show that the industrialization rate of invention patents in universities in China is much lower than the world average level. A large number of unapplied patents have become "sleeping patents". It is helpful to explore potential technologies by evaluating the values of sleeping patents with awakening potential in universities and research institutes, for it can improve the quality and efficiency of the transformation of knowledge achievements in universities and research institutes and promote more patents in universities and research institutes to promote practical production. There are multiple studies on the connotation, identification methods, causes and wake-up mechanism of sleeping patents, but research on the value evaluation of sleeping patents is rare.
By reason of the foregoing, this paper selects the sleeping patents of universities and scientific research institutes as the research object. On this basis, the two awakening pathways of sleeping patents (technical awakening and commercial awakening) are combined. Finally, the factors affecting the value of sleeping patents are analyzed in three dimensions: the fundamental value of patents, the technological wake-up potential, and the commercial wake-up potential. A total of nine influencing factors are screened out as follows: the degree of technology accumulation, the number of patent claims, the life span of patents, the potential of technological concern, the potential of technological innovation, the coverage of technology, the maturity of knowledge, the experience of the first inventor and the enterprise cooperation, and the degree of industry-university-research cooperation. This paper makes some novelties in proposing the value evaluation system of sleeping patents in universities and research institutes, and it is beneficial to enrich the theory of patent value evaluation.
Firstly, the study selects the research data from the valid invention patents published from 2000 to 2015 in Shanghai Jiao Tong University without patent transformation; then the sleeping patents are further screened by manual screening and index definition; finally, the index weights of the sample data are calculated by the entropy weight method and the coefficient of variation method. Moreover, the median of the composite score of the transferred patents is set as the threshold to obtain samples of sleeping patents with awakening potential. The random forest model is used to compare the calculation results of the entropy weight method and the coefficient of variation method. This study also compares the differences in patent value evaluation established by different industries and unified industries. The electrical industry is taken as an example to show the comparison results. The results show that the difference in index weights is small regardless of whether the industry patent value evaluation model is divided, and the difference interval is within the acceptable range; the degree of industry-university-research cooperation is the most important indicator in both index systems. Although there are differences in patent characteristics among different industries, it does not have a great impact on the value evaluation system of sleeping patents in universities and research institutes designed in this paper. It is more convenient to formulate a unified value evaluation system for all industries to calculate the value of sleeping patents.
The results show that sleeping patents in universities and research institutes are not completely worthless patents, and some patents have awakening potential. The degree of industry-university-research cooperation accounts for more than 35% of the weight in the sleepy patent value evaluation system of universities and scientific research institutes. It reflects the important role of school-enterprise cooperation in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities and research institutes. The sleeping patent value evaluation system can help universities and research institutes shorten the technological innovation cycle, reduce the waste of scientific research funds, improve the efficiency of scientific research, and provide direction for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the future. At the same time, it also provides ideas for enriching research on sleeping patents and the patent value evaluation system.

Innovation is the primary driving force for high-quality economic and social development, and innovation quality is an important part of building China's strength. In recent years, China has made many achievements in scientific and technological innovation. However, there is still a certain gap in innovation quality compared with some advanced developed countries. Many innovation achievements have not been effectively transformed into economic and social value. It not only leads to wasted research and development efforts but also inhibits enterprises' incentives for high-quality innovation.
The views on the relationship between quality management practices and innovation are inconsistent. As an important way to improve product quality, quality management practices have a close relationship with innovation quality, but existing research fails to analyze the relationship between quality management practices and innovation quality in depth, which makes it difficult to provide sufficient guidance for enterprises to use quality management practices to improve innovation quality. In order to achieve high-quality development with a focus on the speed and quantity of innovation, it is necessary to pay more attention to innovation quality so as to promote the transformation of innovation from quantity accumulation to quality improvement. Meanwhile, quality management practices are important for enterprises to pursue excellent performance and improve innovation quality. Therefore, it is of important research value to study how quality management practices improve innovation quality and promote high-quality development.
On the basis of organizational learning theory and knowledge-based theory, the paper divides quality management practices into exploitative quality management practices and exploratory quality management practices. Then the study builds a theoretical model of the impact of quality management practices on innovation quality and analyzes the mediating role of knowledge integration and the moderating role of organizational routine updating. The research reveals the path and boundary of the impact of quality management practices on innovation quality through an empirical study of 296 questionnaire data involving the automobile, machinery, communication, electronic and electrical industries in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions.
It is found that, firstly, exploitative quality management practices and exploratory quality management practices have significant positive effect on innovation quality and knowledge integration. Secondly, knowledge integration has positive effect on innovation quality. Thirdly, knowledge integration plays a partial mediating role between exploitative quality management practices and innovation quality, and it also plays a partial mediating role between exploratory quality management practices and innovation quality. Among them, knowledge integration plays a stronger mediating role between exploratory quality management practices and innovation quality. Lastly, organizational routine updating plays a positive moderating role between exploitative quality management practices and innovation quality, and also plays a positive moderating role between exploratory quality management practices and innovation quality. It is worth noting that enterprises with a high level of organizational practice updating can reorganize the existing knowledge system, and improve the implementation effect of utilizing quality management practices; while they are able to create processes and practices that are different from the current knowledge system, and improve the ability of market sensing and foreseeing to enhance the role of exploratory quality management practices in promoting innovation and quality.
The contributions of the study are as follows. Firstly, it explores the function mechanism of quality management practices on innovation quality, and enriches the research on innovation quality and quality management practice. Secondly, by explicating the mediating effect of knowledge integration between quality management practices and innovation quality, the study reveals the path of quality management practices driving innovation quality. Finally, through analyzing the moderating effect of organizational routine updating between quality management practices and innovation quality, it clarifies the boundary condition of the effect of quality management practices on innovation quality. Due to the size of the regional samples, this study has some limitations, and there is a need to collect more data from more regions for more in-depth analysis. In addition, the changing environment brings challenges and uncertainties to the innovation management of enterprises, and accordingly the quality of innovation shall also change; the dynamic evolution of innovation quality is warranted for future research.

Along with the rise of intelligent knowledge production and the intelligent knowledge economy, virtual network organizations that unite resources such as knowledge, technology, capital, market and management have emerged. They form new cooperation mechanisms that allow participating enterprises to access their own resources that they don't have and provide members of the organization with space and time to engage in the field of knowledge excavation, acquisition and innovation. However, problems occur, such as imperfect knowledge-sharing mechanisms, inefficient knowledge transformation, low sensitivity of members' perceived needs, delayed information feedback, and impediments to collaborative communication. A virtual network organization is characterized by hybridity and fluidity, and they pose challenges for the organization while at the same time raising the complexity of knowledge management for the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a good strategic plan for knowledge management as well as a perfect operational mechanism, explore how to use the mechanism to solve the problems, enhance the core competitiveness of the virtual network organization, and strengthen its sustainability.
This paper constructs a simple knowledge mobilization mechanism based on shared knowledge base and a complex knowledge mobilization mechanism that shows the changing state of knowledge life cycle and the perceived state of organizational members' behaviors based on the characteristics of organizational hybridity and fluidity. The simple mobilization mechanism focuses on the creation of a shared knowledge base in virtual space to achieve the goal of knowledge sharing and value co-creation. The mechanism opens up new opportunities for shared learning and value co-creation, facilitating the generation of transparency, multidimensional awareness and trust through continuous knowledge accumulation and automated knowledge navigation functions, enabling the continuous development of managerial control and governance mechanisms, and avoiding the sub-optimization of knowledge flows. The complex knowledge mobilization mechanism maps the knowledge resources in the physical space and the perceived needs of the organization members into the virtual space through the integration of the virtual and real space, so that the knowledge, wisdom, experience and consciousness have reproducibility, reconfigurability and traceability, and the changing state of the knowledge as well as the behavioral and cognitive state of the organization members can be investigated to realize the interactive feedback of the virtual and real space, the fusion of the knowledge value and the analysis of the perceptions. The complex mobilization mechanism is based on the enhancement and improvement of simple mobilization mechanism. The two types of mobilization mechanisms strengthen inter-organizational connections and interactions, emphasize the value consensus among organizational members, and promote knowledge creation at the individual, organizational and cross-organizational levels through the integration of different types of knowledge and the interaction of multiple knowledge transformation modes. They help to realize the transformation of individual knowledge into organizational knowledge which is then transformed into organizational actions, and provide intelligent and collaborative knowledge services for organizational members to satisfy the individualization of organizational members, ubiquity and agility requirements of organizational members, and promote the development of virtual network organization.
Due to the complexity of the environment in which the virtual network organization is located and the variability of the network environment, feedback data can be systematically analyzed with timely decision-making adjustments to the mobilization mechanism. Virtual network organizations should choose simple/complex mobilization mechanisms according to their own positioning and needs. The construction of knowledge mobilization mechanism needs to examine the flow and integration of organizational knowledge from multiple perspectives, through reducing the phenomenon of knowledge bias, enhancing knowledge resilience, upgrading the "strong" and "weak" links, and rationally applying digital technology to gradually improve the knowledge resource processing system, perception system and security system in the virtual network organization, so as to extend the value of knowledge and make it tangible, and to provide members of the organization with better knowledge services to achieve the purpose of constructing the knowledge mobilization mechanism. The construction of an organizational knowledge mobilization mechanism promotes the knowledge service effectiveness of virtual network organizations, provides a strategy for solving problems in the process of knowledge management in virtual network organizations, and provides a new development direction for the way of realizing the value of knowledge, which has certain theoretical and practical value.

The anti-globalization measures implemented by western countries have presented significant challenges to China's scientific and technological development. The technological blockade has created a dilemma for China's high-tech industry, stifling its growth. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen breakthrough innovations to overcome the bottleneck in science and technology. In China, enterprises are the main drivers of scientific and technological innovation. It is essential to continuously encourage breakthrough innovation behavior of employees in order to maintain a constant stream of competitive advantages. However, such breakthrough innovations are not typically achieved by ordinary employees, but rather by knowledgeable employees with high technical expertise and reserves of knowledge. Platform leadership is a new type of leadership proposed in the era of platform economy and organizational platformization, which can provide employees with a platform and conditions for self-improvement and self-expression. Knowledge workers can better develop and freely express new ideas, which is a key factor in stimulating the emergence of breakthrough innovations. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the mechanism and boundary conditions of how platform leadership affects the breakthrough innovative behavior of knowledge-based employees.
This study constructs a chain mediation model of platform leadership, thriving at work, harmony innovation passion, and breakthrough innovation behaviour based on affective event theory and trait activation theory. It also investigates the moderating role of error management culture in this chain mediation mechanism. With data collected from 260 valid questionnaires obtained from an online survey of knowledge-based employees in high-tech companies, it makes descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity tests, a common method bias test, validation factor analysis, and correlation analysis to determine the suitability of the selected sample for further hypothesis testing. The main, chained mediator, and moderated effects are then tested through the Bootstrap method. Finally, the moderated chain-mediated effect is tested through analysis of variance. The study suggests that platform leadership has a positive impact on the breakthrough innovation behavior of knowledge-based employees; the relationship between platform leadership and breakthrough innovation behavior is partially mediated by both thriving at work and harmony innovation passion; thriving at work and harmony innovation passion play a chain mediating role in the relationship between platform leadership and breakthrough innovation. Additionally, error management culture positively moderates the relationship between harmonious innovation passion and breakthrough innovation behaviors. Furthermore, error management culture positively moderates the chain mediation between platform leadership and breakthrough innovation through thriving at work and harmony innovation passion.
To sum up, following affective event theory and trait activation theory, this study explores the path and boundary conditions of platform leadership's effect on knowledge workers' breakthrough innovation behavior and constructs a moderated chain mediation model. The impact of platform leadership on knowledge-based employees' breakthrough innovation behavior is analyzed from a new perspective, which, on the one hand, makes up for the lack of attention to breakthrough innovation behavior from a leadership perspective and, on the other hand, enriches the exploration of the outcome variables of platform leadership. Then it examines and explores the boundary conditions under which platform leadership influences knowledge workers' breakthrough innovation behavior through cascading effects, confirming the moderating role of error management culture in this context. In addition, the establishment of mediating and moderating mechanisms in the research model proposed in this study provides empirical support for affective event theory and trait activation theory.
In addition, this study provides management suggestions for achieving organizational platformization development through an in-depth interpretation of how platform leaders influence the emotions and attitudes of knowledge-based employees through work events and then promote the active change behavior of knowledge-based employees. Firstly, platform-based leadership should be actively promoted with a full understanding of the characteristics of knowledge-based employees. Secondly, effective management measures should be taken to meet the material and spiritual needs of employees and motivate them to higher work performance and innovative behavior. Thirdly, enterprises should actively cultivate a positive error management culture and support the culture and systems for the innovative behavior of knowledge employees, so that employees can keep continue learning and achieve breakthroughs in innovation.

Innovation is an inexhaustible driving force for high-quality development of enterprises, and only by constantly realizing innovation can enterprises achieve sustainable development. Due to the limitations of top-level design and approval processes in organizations, not all innovation activities in the organization can be implemented smoothly. In order to reduce organizational pressure and obstacles, a bottom-up innovation approach, bootlegging innovation, has emerged. However, due to its hidden and confrontational nature, bootlegging innovation is often difficult to detect by organizations, yet its popularity in organizations is beyond imagination, and it has become the main manifestation of organizational innovation behavior. Identifying the antecedent factors of bootlegging innovation is beneficial for managing bootlegging innovation in management practice according to local conditions, and playing a positive role in organizational innovation. Existing research on the influencing factors of employees′ bootlegging innovation mainly focuses on individual employees′ factors and organizational factors. In recent years, situational factors such as leadership style have begun to receive great attention from scholars. Although existing research has shown that leadership style plays a key role in promoting or inhibiting employees′ bootlegging innovation, the relationship between different leadership styles and employees′ bootlegging innovation and its boundary conditions still needs to be systematically sorted out and analyzed based on literature measurement.
Following social exchange theory and social learning theory, this study conducts a meta-analysis of 61 empirical studies (N=22 562) on leadership styles and employees′ bootlegging innovation. It first follows the PRISMA process commonly used in meta-analysis for literature retrieval and screening. After four stages of coding, the leadership styles are ultimately classified into five metacategories in the meta-analysis. In accordance with Hunter and Schmidt's recommendation, the study uses a random effect model and conducts meta-analysis using the software CMA 3.0. In order to further improve the robustness of the research conclusions, this study further employs three methods, including the funnel plot method, the loss of safety coefficient method, etc., to test publication bias. Finally, this study used subgroup analysis and metaregression analysis to examine the moderating effects of industry categories and methodological factors.
Some conclusions are reached. (1) Transformational, relational, values and ethics, and task-oriented leadership are positively correlated with employees′ bootlegging innovation, while destructive leadership is negatively correlated with employees′ bootlegging innovation. (2) The relationship strength between leadership style meta-types and employees′ bootlegging innovation is ranked from the strong to the weak as follows: transformational, task-oriented, relational, values and ethics, and destructive. (3) Industry categories can moderate the relationship between transformational, task-oriented, and relational leadership and employees′ bootlegging innovation, and sampling time can regulate the relationship between task-oriented and relational leadership and employees′ bootlegging innovation.
The results of the meta-analysis emphasize the close relationship between different leadership style meta-categories and employees′ bootlegging innovation, providing theoretical contributions and practical implications for future research on how to stimulate and promote employees′ bootlegging innovation through leadership styles to achieve positive organizational impact. In terms of theoretical contributions, it emphasizes the key role of leadership styles in stimulating employees′ bootlegging innovation, responds to the differences between existing empirical research conclusions, expands the literature between leadership styles and employees′ bootlegging innovation, and further clarifies the boundary conditions between leadership styles and employees′ bootlegging innovation. In terms of practical implications, organizations should pay attention to the important role of leadership styles in employees′ bootlegging innovation, and view the phenomenon of employees′ bootlegging innovation comprehensively and dialectically. They should guide employees to practice innovative activities scientifically and reasonably, improve the organization′s innovation level, and enhance the organization′s innovation performance.

Institutions are one of the most important factors that affect firms' innovation capability. There has been a long tradition for management researchers to discuss innovation relevant topics from an institutional perspective, especially how to interpret the development phenomenon of firms' innovation capability has been the focus of innovation researchers. However, there have been some academic inadequacies. First, researchers usually carry out analyses on a diversified theoretical basis, all of which belong to institutional theory in a broad sense.However, the diversity makes it challenging to form an effective theoretical dialogue between different schools of research. Second, the analysis of institutions has been generally limited to the macro- or meso-level, and cross-level research is missing. Third, the embeddedness of firms in an institutional context is emphasized in the existing research, but the agency of firms in the process of innovation capability development has not received enough attention, leading to an insufficiency in terms of theoretical explanatory power. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review these different research schools and further look for a more inclusive theoretical perspective that can help solve the problems mentioned above.
This study starts with a review of the conceptual connotation and theoretical origin of innovation capability development. Then, the discussion of dynamic and unique dimensions of firms'innovation capability development is conducted, and four development modes of firms'innovation capability are analyzed considering the variation in these two dimensions mentioned before. These four modes are inertial development mode, reconstructive development mode, isomorphic development, and heterogeneous development mode.
In the second part, a systematic sorting of different schools of literature is conducted, including explanations from comparative political economy, neo-institutional economics, and neo-institutionalism. The study summarizes and compares the advantages and limitations of current institutional research in explaining the variety of development modes of innovation capability, and analyzes why these three schools of literature fail to explain all the modes of capability development theoretically one by one.
After that, an emerging theory of institution named institutional logics perspective is introduced for the discussion of the necessity and feasibility of carrying out future research with the guidelines and framework of institutional logics. The study regards this theory as a meta-theory when trying to explain the relationship between institution and firms'innovation capability development. The compatible treatment of organizational embeddedness and agency from the perspective of institutional logics eliminates the need for researchers to choose between endogenous and exogenous perspectives on the relationship between institutions and innovative capabilities, as institutional logic has the function of connecting the external macro-forces that influence the development of innovative capabilities with the internal micro-foundations.
Specifically, it provides two theoretical interfaces to connect the perspective of institutional logics with innovation capability. The first is to analyze the development of innovation capability in the context of dominant logic transition, and the other is to analyze the characteristics of innovation capability in the context of multiple logics coexistence. It is worth noting that multiple institutional logics help researchers understand the development of innovative capabilities from the perspective of the interaction between society and organizations, avoiding the need to emphasize solely the shaping (selective) role of the social environment in which an organization is embedded or to isolate the function of individual organizational cognition or motivation in capability development.
Finally, future research directions are forecasted from two aspects: theoretical construction opportunities and contextual research opportunities. Future theoretical research could be carried out in three aspects, including research on innovation capability gaps and institutional logics adoption, research on the co-evolution of institutional logics and innovation capability, and research on the relationship between institutional complexity and innovation capability structure. Meanwhile, contextual research opportunities include the green innovation field, which relates to environmental logic, the state-owned enterprise innovation field which relates to state logic and efficiency logic, and the corporate social innovation field which relates to social logic.