With the coming of the new era of China's development, it is essential to comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system and further gather and integrate science and technology resources. New R&D institutions, as the carrier of "industry-university-research," are indispensable in promoting the reform of the scientific and technological system and achieving high-quality development. However, problems such as insufficient guarantee conditions, weak core competence, and independent development ability have restricted the innovation capability of new R&D institutions. Among them, new R&D institutions jointly built by universities and local governments have been seriously limited by these problems and their functions in business incubation and achievement transformation are impeded. For the government-led new R&D institutions jointly constructed by local governments and universities (GNI), the market-oriented transformation has become the essential path for such institutions to link the innovation chain and industrial chain effectively and reduce the R&D cost.
Although there are studies concerning the classification, function, operation mechanism, development experience, performance evaluation, and other contents of new R&D institutions, issues on the new R&D institutions jointly built by universities and local governments are still insufficient. Given this, this paper analyzes the mechanism of market-oriented transformation of government-led new R&D institutions jointly constructed by local governments and universities from the resource dependence perspective to improve the current knowledge system and provide a reference for the practice.
At first, it describes the market-oriented transformation process of the government-led new R&D institutions jointly constructed by local governments and universities, including the leading participants and their functions under the circumstance of collaborative participation, the operating mechanism of the government-led new R&D institutions jointly constructed by local government and university, and the market-oriented transformation of the institutions from the perspective of resource dependence. Second, the study constructs an evolutionary game model to analyze the strategies and stability of the participants, with local governments, universities, and enterprises as the prominent participants in the marketization transformation of government-led new R&D institutions jointly constructed by local government and university. This part consists of model hypotheses, cost and benefit analysis of the participants in market-oriented transformation, and the stability analysis of the participant's equilibrium strategies. Thirdly, it conducts a simulation analysis of the evolutionary game model with MATLAB taking the case of Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. This part focuses on the impact of participation cost, income distribution, and speculation on the system's evolution. The results show that (1) local government is a risk seeker for market-oriented transformation, while the university and enterprise are risk averters; (2) the cost of market-oriented transformation could change the participation strategies of the three parties, but the sensitivity of each party to the cost is different; (3) income distribution of the new R&D institutions could change the result of the market-oriented transformation, and the input changes of local government could not eliminate this influence; (4) “free ridding” of enterprise is the obstacle to market-oriented transformation. Finally, it proposes strategies to promote the market-oriented transformation of government-led new R&D institutions jointly constructed by local government and university from the perspective of local government, enterprises, and universities.
The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. (1) It describes the market-oriented transformation of GNI from the power relationship attached to the resource dependence relationship, which expanded the application scenario of resource dependence theory. (2) By constructing the evolutionary game model of market-oriented transformation of new R&D institutions with local governments, universities, and enterprises as participants, this paper enriches the research paradigm of the cooperative relationship of new R&D institutions. (3) It analyzes participation cost, income distribution, and enterprise speculation operation mechanism in the market-oriented transformation of new R&D institutions, and puts forward strategies to improve the market-oriented transformation of new R&D institutions.

The interaction and coordination of the coupling of science and technology and finance plays an important role in promoting the economic development. However, with the continuous progress of the coupling between science and technology and finance, certain negative effects appear, such as the frequent occurrence of macroeconomic financial crises and scientific and technological financial risks in recent years, highlighting the vulnerability of the coupling system. The lack of rational allocation of resources is the root cause of the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system, and the financial structure adjusts the relative ratio between the banks and the financial market to meet the different needs of the coupling system subjects, promote the efficient allocation of resources and reduce the vulnerability of the system. Considering the adaptive adjustment of the financial structure with the changes of regional factor endowments, this paper aims to explore the relationship between financial structure and the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system from the perspective of regional factor endowment heterogeneity, and study how to achieve the accurate docking of the long-term development of the financial structure and the coupling system, so as to help the sustained growth of the economy.#br#To this end, this study first theoretically analyzes the influence mechanism of financial structure on the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system, and then the entropy method is used to measure the vulnerability index of China's interprovincial technology-finance coupling system from 2006 to 2020. A dynamic GMM model and a spatial Dubin model are constructed to study the impact of financial structure on the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system. The vulnerability of China's technology-finance coupling system shows a fluctuating trend with regional differences. In general, the improvement of the marketization level of the financial structure satisfies the high-risk characteristics of the innovation activities in the system, and the financial architecture is efficiently matched with the supply and demand of scientific and technological innovation, which reduces the vulnerability of the system. It is also found that there are differences in the impact of financial structures on system vulnerabilities at different levels of economic development. Given the spatial factors, at the national level, the positive spatial spillover effects of the financial structure exacerbate the vulnerability of the surrounding system; at the sub-regional level, the increase in the proportion of financial markets in the eastern region will bring an improvement in the vulnerability of the neighboring provinces, while it is opposite in the central and western regions.#br#The implications from the study are that it is necessary to promote the development of the financial market, establish and improve the financial market system with higher risk tolerance, such as PE, VC and angel investment, improve the relevant services of banks and coordinate the complementary functions of the two in capital allocation, risk diversification and information processing, so as to provide services for innovative entities within the coupling system to carry out innovative activities with different risk levels and financing costs; then it is imperative to adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, implement differentiated development strategies. The eastern region must pay attention to the construction of multi-level capital markets, give full play to the advantages of science and education resources and promote the in-depth and healthy development of the coupling system; while the central and western regions need to keep focusing on the development of banks in order to serve the scientific and technological innovation of low-risk, small-scale financing needs. Finally, under the condition of limited financial resources, the government needs to guide the rational flow and allocation of resources, establish a multi-level regional financial center, and achieve effective allocation of resources through inter-regional cooperation.#br#This paper combines the financial structure with the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system, systematically analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the impact of the financial structure on the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system, and enriches the achievements in related fields. Through empirical investigation of the impact of financial structure on the vulnerability of the technology-finance coupling system, it analyzes the differences and spatial heterogeneity of the impact effect of financial structure at different levels of economic development, and provides suggestions for the coordinated development of various regions.#br#

Exploratory innovation is an important driving force for enterprises to promote leapfrog development, form a second growth curve, and respond to the dynamic environment.Exploratory innovation benefits from the complementarity of technology, market, and design capabilities from different sources and requires the inflow and coupling of external knowledge. Alliance partners are an important search channel as well as an important mode of open innovation. A stable alliance can improve the level of knowledge-sharing among organizations. From the relational view, specific relational assets, knowledge sharing paths and effective governance mechanisms are the sources of enterprise value creation. Due to the repeated transactions between stable alliances, specific relational assets and interdependent complementary resources are formed. It is necessary to explore how to choose an effective governance mechanism to promote inter-alliance knowledge-sharing activities and further facilitate exploratory innovation activities, and how to choose a governance mechanism for a stable alliance to adapt to a dynamic environment. This study integrates the mediating mechanism of partner knowledge sharing with the moderating mechanism of two governance approaches to analyze how stable alliances influence exploratory innovation activities in the dynamic environment.#br#This study collects and analyzes data through questionnaires from companies in Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan, and so on. It uses 490 valid questionnaires and the optimal scale regression method to verify the relationship between alliance stability, exploratory innovation, partner knowledge-sharing, governance mechanisms, and environmental dynamics. The results show that partner knowledge-sharing behavior plays a mediating role between alliance stability and exploratory innovation. The effectiveness of the stability alliance in exploring innovation depends on the inbound open innovation process of knowledge flow from outside to inside. Relational governance and contractual governance play different moderating roles in alliance stability, partner knowledge-sharing and exploratory innovation, respectively. The relational governance mechanism has a more positive moderating effect on alliance stability and partner knowledge sharing, while the contractual governance mechanism has a more positive moderating effect on alliance stability and exploratory innovation, thus, a dual governance mechanism needs to be constructed. Furthermore, the three-way interactions of environmental dynamics, alliance stability, and alliance governance have different effects on partner knowledge sharing and exploratory innovation, respectively, and the dual alliance governance effectiveness diminishes at different stages as environmental dynamics increases. However, the mediating effect of partner knowledge sharing in the relationship between three-way interactions and exploratory innovation is not verified. The mediating mechanism of partner knowledge sharing is also declining. The study explores the contexts in which alliance stability is effective, and provides a theoretical basis for firms to carry out alliance construction and governance dynamically to promote exploratory innovation.#br#The effective governance mechanism to promote inter-alliance knowledge-sharing activities is revealed, and contractual governance should be superimposed based on relational governance to break constraints and relational inertia with institutions to stimulate partner knowledge-sharing in stable alliances while promoting exploratory innovation activities more effectively. Further, as environmental dynamics is high, the effectiveness of dual alliance governance is weakened at different action stages. The study finds out the different secondary moderating effects of environmental dynamics on alliance stability, partner knowledge sharing and exploratory innovation. By demonstrating the intrinsic logic of decreasing the value of stable inter-alliance relationships in the dynamic environment, it validates and further complements the theory of dynamic relational view.#br#Thus,to better promote exploratory innovation activities, enterprises need to effectively govern long-term stable alliance assets and construct mechanisms to promote practical knowledge sharing among partners. First, the focal enterprises can facilitate knowledge-sharing among partners by constructing adequate multiple-partner knowledge-sharing paths to promote partners′ willingness, ability, and effectiveness to carry out information and knowledge-sharing activities. Second, in the selection of governance mechanism in stable alliance relationships, contractual governance mechanism is preferred over relational governance mechanism. The enterprises can accelerate the formation of new digital assets among alliances through digital technology, form relationship-specific digital assets, apply digital governance technology and establish digital alliances to promote the new value of alliance assets. Third, in the dynamic environment, the exit mechanism in alliance management needs to be further improved in conducting regular alliance governance activities. Alliances can achieve equilibrium with a dynamic and relational view by adjusting internal mechanisms in the dynamic environment.#br#

At present, China is in a period with major strategic opportunities to promote innovation and development and the key opening period to the forefront of the world's scientific and technological power. The key technologies in core fields have pivotal impacts on promoting the high-quality development of China's economy and achieving the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. However, in recent years, developed countries have monopolized and blocked the key equipment, core technologies and operating systems, and the subsequent "lock-in effect" leads to a series of "decoupling" and "chain breaking". The crisis poses a serious challenge to the stable operation of the key technology innovation ecosystem. In the context that external shocks and perturbations are difficult to predict and change, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to alleviate the vulnerability of the ecosystem caused by uncertainties and achieve the sustainable development of the innovation ecosystem. At the same time, the IC industry is in a critical period of rapid development, but due to the huge technological barriers in the IC field, the imperfect domestic innovation system, and the existence of weak links in many key areas, the internal and external attacks have seriously hampered the development of China's electronic information industry, and thus the research on the vulnerability of the IC technology innovation ecosystem is urgent.#br#Driven by the diversified environment of ecological development, the organizational form of each innovation subject has undergone important changes, realizing the transformation from a static innovation system to a dynamic innovation ecosystem paradigm. As a result, the innovation ecosystem theory has triggered many scholars' discussions in academic circles, and scholars mostly focus on the connotation of innovation ecosystem, dynamic evolution characteristics and the obstacles in the evolution process for detailed analysis.The existing studies on key and core technology innovation ecosystems are insufficient, and there is a lack of research on the evolution of vulnerability characteristics, quantification of indicators, and driving mechanisms, etc. The research on a particular technological breakthrough is also in need of exploration.#br#Therefore this paper integrates theories related to system complexity and vulnerability connotation, constructs four subsystems of community, resource, economy and environment, and constructs an early warning system of key and core technology innovation ecosystem vulnerability with 19 indicators. The data sources are mainly collected through China's economic and social big data research platform, and the missing data for individual years are obtained by interpolation method. The indicators are approximately reduced by attributes based on the RF model, and the Critic method is applied to synthesize this ecosystem vulnerability index. The whale algorithm is introduced into the support vector machine regression model for optimization, and the Python software is used to compare the warning accuracy of each model and determine the best vulnerability warning model, and finally the typical bottleneck of IC technology is used as an example for empirical analysis. #br#The WOA-SVR vulnerability warning model shows that the overall IC innovation ecosystem is fragile, and the vulnerability index decreased from 4.28 to 2.66 from 2013-2020. It has entered the period of multi-subject competition and coexistence, and gradually forms an innovation system with collaborative innovation subjects and a flow of innovation factors. According to the results of IC innovation ecosystem vulnerability measurement, the corresponding prevention suggestions are proposed:first, the government should create a policy environment conducive to the deep integration of industry, academia and research; second, it is necessary to introduce risk governance clusters to guide the innovation ecosystem to evolve toward responsible innovation; third, it is essential to strengthen data sharing and use digital innovation to drive multi-subject co-governance. Focusing on the field of new-generation integrated circuit technology, this paper enriches the research on innovation drive and innovation governance from the perspective of complex science with the goal of achieving innovation structure upgrading.#br#

The development level of advanced manufacturing industry is a significant factor to measure a country's comprehensive and core competitiveness. Although China is an important hub in the global value chain network, its advanced manufacturing industry demonstrates a low-end link in the global value chain system. In recent years, with the rapid economic development of emerging economies represented by China, global value chain differentiation has been increasingly prominent among the emerging economies. These phenomena challenge the leading position of developed countries in the division system of global value chain, that is, the global value chain is reconstructing. Therefore, China proposes to build a new development pattern of domestic and international double circulation and mutual promotion in order to promote the high-quality development of China's economy. Most scholars have deeply studied and analyzed the mechanism of servitization from different perspectives through theoretical and empirical studies. The research shows that servitization plays a positive role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry, and it provides useful reference for the transformation and upgrading of China's advanced manufacturing industry,and helps the manufacturing industry to realize value co-creation and reconstruct competitive advantages. On the basis of meeting the daily production needs of the manufacturing industry, it continuously integrates services into the manufacturing of advanced manufactured products by enriching service content and innovating the form of services. At present, the academic and industrial circles have reached general consensus on solving the practical development dilemma of China's advanced manufacturing industry in the global value chain system by servitization.#br#Using the method of system dynamics, this paper establishes a servitization-based global value chain upgrading system for the advanced manufacturing industry, and then analyzes the internal mechanism of its upgrading development. First, the study analyzes the key dynamic factors affecting the upgrading and evolution of advanced manufacturing global value chain, and on this basis, establishes a key power subsystem to assist its development. Second, it combines the two centers of servitization and global value chain upgrading according to the relationship between the value chain and information flow among subsystems, builds a consequence diagram based on servitization in global value chain upgrading for advanced manufacturing industry and obtains feedback loops. It builds a stock flow diagram for the overall system based on the feedback loop. Third, Vensim PLE is used to build a servitization-based global value chain upgrading and evolution system dynamics model of advanced manufacturing industry, and then simulation is carried out to further verify the theoretical derivation.#br#The following conclusions are drawn. (1) Driven by technological innovation capability, servitization,human capital and capital stock, the position of advanced manufacturing industry in the global value chain is being upgraded year by year, and the speed to the upstream of the value chain is gradually accelerating, but the evolution speed to the downstream of the value chain is smaller than the former two. (2) China's advanced manufacturing industry can achieve a position rise in the global value chain status through servitization. Technological innovation capability is the main driving force for China's advanced manufacturing industry to climb upstream of the global value chain, and human capital is the main driving force for China's advanced manufacturing industry to climb downstream of the global value chain.#br#This paper provides a theoretical basis for the development of China's advanced manufacturing industry and the formulation of relevant policies by the government. It enriches the integrity and systematicness of the research in the evolution process of advanced manufacturing enterprises' global value chain upgrading. There is a certain significance for guiding advanced manufacturing industries to achieve global value chain upgrading through servitization. China's advanced manufacturing industry still needs to improve its technological innovation capability, and this process should focus on increasing the investment in scientific research and the training of innovative talents. At the same time, China should make greater efforts to develop information technology, actively promote the integration of service industry and manufacturing industry, and provide a solid foundation and guarantee for the servitization of advanced manufacturing industry.#br#

With the intensification of economic globalization and technological competition, the competition among enterprises is also intensifying. If an enterprise wants to be in a dominant position in the competition, it must ensure the leading position of science and technology level and possess the core competitiveness. However, Chinese enterprises are restricted or even muscled out of the high technology development by other developed countries, which is unfavorable to the sustainable development of Chinese enterprises.The technology bottlenecks involve key technologies, and it is strategic and related to the whole industrial chain, even national defense and social stability. In the new revolution of science& technology and economy of the new normal situation, it is a hot issue of how enterprises achieve self-breakthrough to take a dominant position in the competition of enterprises. However, the exploration of the impact results and action mechanism of key technologies and derivative technologies is very insufficient.This paper defines bottleneck technologies as key technologies and the derivative technologies. It is believed that Chinese enterprises need to not only master a single key patent to achieve breakthroughs, but also conduct in-depth research on derivative technology in related fields so as to master the complete technical chain.#br#In this paper, the fixed effect model and robustness test are adopted to study the influence of external model and internal model on enterprises' development of key and core technologies, derivative technologies and breakthroughs of bottleneck technologies. This paper takes the data of the number of invention patents of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2011 to 2020 as samples to test the impact of knowledge development mode on the breakthrough of key technologies and their derivative technologies. The patent data of listed manufacturing companies in the past 10 years is selected as samples to ensure the stability and availability of the data. The key technologies and the derived technologies based on the key technology are the explained variables, and the knowledge development mode of the company is the explanatory variable. Meanwhile it is more realistic and urgent to study the bottleneck dilemma of manufacturing industry. Both internal and external innovation modes are confirmed to promote the breakthrough of key technologies and their derivative technologies, but compared with the two, the external innovation mode plays a more significant role.#br#The study further discusses whether the intensity of market competition has a moderating effect on the breakthrough of key technologies. The research shows that the more competitive the market is, the more obvious the role of external model in promoting derivative technology breakthrough. This promoting effect is not only reflected in the growth of the quantity of derivative technology, but is also conducive to the improvement of its quality and realize the improvement of quantity and quality. In addition, it is also found that the transformation of derivative technology results will produce the feedback effect which is conducive to the breakthrough of new key and core technologies.#br#To sum up, on the one hand, Chinese enterprises need to increase the proportion of external cooperation in their activities to improve the breakthrough possibility and probability of key core technologies and their derivative technologies. On the other hand, enterprises also need to pay attention to the mining and transformation of derivative technology to ensure the cohesion of derivative technology achievements.Furthermore enterprises should take core competitiveness as their development strategy, invest more resources in external cooperation in knowledge development, and realize the "double improvement" of patent quantity and quality on the basis of finding a suitable knowledge development mode. The conclusions of this paper have important reference value for Chinese enterprises to choose more efficient innovation paths for knowledge development, complete relevant technological breakthroughs and industrial transformation and upgrading, and realize breakthroughs in bottleneck technologies.#br#

A new round of global standardization has brought momentous changes to the knowledge acquisition mode of international development for enterprises' technology standards (ETS). Specifically, the International Standards Alliance (ISA) has gradually become a significant carrier for enterprises to acquire high-quality knowledge resources to enhance the capacity for ETS internationalization. Promoting the flow of knowledge among members of the ISA from a multi-faceted perspective and improving the efficiency of enterprise knowledge absorption is destined to be a key task at present and in the future. This paper points out that multi-dimensional proximity is a crucial factor to affect the flow and absorption of knowledge among the members of the ISA. Especially, the ISA is shifting to a transnational form such that the proximity characteristics between alliance members are increasingly significant and the impact of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS can be tremendous. From the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity of the ISA, the complex influence mechanism of multi-dimensional proximity on knowledge flow and absorption among alliance members is explored and the alliance member combinations with great internationalization capability of ETS is optimized. The research results can provide reference for obtaining an internationalization capability of ETS.#br#From the perspective of the ICT industry, the data of ITU international standards from 2010 to 2020 is used to explore the impact of technical proximity and organizational proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS. The participation experience in the ISA and the moderating role of geographic proximity are addressed. To be specific, this paper obtains the data about the ISA and the internationalization capability of ETS from the official website of the ITU. The multidimensional proximity of the ISA is calculated based on the combination of the alliance members and the theoretical hypotheses are tested by the negative binomial regression model.#br#In the nutshell, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, technical proximity is positively correlated with the internationalization capability of ETS. That means similar technical research perspectives among alliance members can enhance the internationalization capability of ETS. Secondly, organizational proximity and the internationalization capability of ETS have an inverted U-shaped relationship. In other words, moderate convergence of organizational nature among alliance members improves the internationalization capability of ETS, while excessive organizational proximity hinders enterprises from carrying out technology standards internationalization activities. Thirdly, geographical proximity has a negative moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between organizational proximity and the internationalization capability of ETS. That means spatial aggregation among alliance members can strengthen the effect of organizational proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS, but aggravate the inhibitory effect of excessive organizational proximity on the internationalization capability. The research conclusions enrich the relevant research on the internationalization capability of ETS, deepen the theoretical explanation of the effect of spatial aggregation within the TSA, and provide the empirical basis and practical reference for the selection of alliance partners when enterprises internationalize their ETS. #br#Considering the development status of ITU International Standards Alliance and the problem of data inadequacy, this study does not explore the impact of social proximity on the internationalization capability of enterprises' technical standards. Future research can draw on more representative data for analysis, and deepen the impact mechanism of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of enterprises' technical standards.Besides, this study is conducted based on the ICT industry for empirical analysis. Future research is warranted to focus on other relevant industries to carry out empirical analysis and demonstration, and expand the industry field of research on the impact of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of enterprise technical standards.#br#

Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has issued a series of policy documents to continuously deepen the reform of the sci-tech innovation system and promote the continuous improvement of the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. The government has stressed that it is necessary to optimize the management of scientific research projects and funds, improve the evaluation incentive system conducive to innovation, strengthen the performance evaluation of scientific research projects, improve the hierarchical accountability mechanism, and carry out the pilot reform of scientific research management based on integrity and ability. Then what are the effects of the current sci-tech decentralization, regulation and service reform in China? What are the characteristics of space-time evolution? Are there differences in the effects of this reform in different regions, and what are the incentives for the differences?
In order to answer the above questions, first of all, this study takes 31 provinces in China from 2015 to 2020 as the research object, establishes the evaluation index system of the reform effect of streamlining administration, delegating power, strengthening regulation and optimizing service in China, and obtains the comprehensive index of the reform effect at the national and regional levels. Secondly, according to the comprehensive index of the effect of the reform in each region, the dynamic distribution law of the reform effects is analyzed by using the nonparametric density estimation method. The Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition are used to quantify the evolution characteristics and sources of the differences in the effects of China′s reform of streamlining administration, delegating power, strengthening regulation and optimizing service. By using the σ convergence model and β convergence model to explore whether the regions with poor reform effect can be adjusted and improved in a short time within the research cycle. Finally, the paper uses Moran′s I index to describe the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the reform effect.
It is concluded that firstly, the effect of the reform of streamlining administration, delegating power, strengthening regulation and optimizing service in China is on the rise at the national and regional levels, and there are significant stage characteristics. Secondly, from the perspective of dynamic distribution characteristics, there are differences in the distribution of non-parametric nuclear density curves between China and various regions. Among them, the effect of the reform at the national and regional levels is on the rise. Thirdly, from the perspective of the difference degree, the Gini coefficient of the whole country and all regions shows a downward trend of fluctuation. In terms of difference sources, inter-regional contribution is the largest, followed by intra-regional contribution, and the hypervariable density is the weakest. Fourthly, from the perspective of convergence characteristics, the coefficients of variation of the whole country and all regions support the σ convergence hypothesis and the absolute β convergence mechanism shows that this reform effect in China is in a balanced development trend. It is the spatial agglomeration characteristics of low-high or high-low combination of the reform effect with the characteristics of steady distribution.
Therefore it is necessary to improve the multi-level market regulation system, give play to the regulatory role of the market in the field of science and technology, and realize the combination of regulation and supervision in scientific and technological innovation; it is also important to promote the intelligent technology service mode and improve the service quality in the sci-tech field.
On the basis of the theoretical system of sci-tech decentralization, regulation and service, this study further identifies the connotation of sci-tech decentralization, regulation and service, comprehensively and systematically analyzes the reform effect, and enriches the research literature in the field of sci-tech innovation. Meanwhile, from the perspective of development, it examines the evolution rules and overall differences of the reform effect of China′s sci-tech decentralization, and provides theoretical reference and practical reference for various regions to streamline administration and delegate power, combine decentralization with regulation, optimize services, and promote the reform coordinately and comprehensively.

As the bridgehead of entrepreneurial economy, the incubation performance of crowd innovation spaces is related to the future economic vitality of the country, and an important endogenous driving force for China's high-quality economic development. Thanks to the increasing national direct investment and policy support, crowd innovation spaces, as the main beneficiary of the "double-venture" strategy, has gradually developed a high degree of policy dependency. Academics have revealed the value creation mechanism of crowd innovation spaces from the perspectives of joint innovation, resource integration and entrepreneurial networks. It is noteworthy that the identity of policy carriers has received the attention and affirmation of many scholars. But unfortunately, the hypothetical premise of passive beneficiaries of policies does not adequately portray the dynamism in the rational decision-making process of crowd innovation spaces, and the lack of subjective motivation judgments is an important cause of contextual distortion in the analysis of exogenous influencing elements, including institutions. The promulgation and implementation of a series of delisting system from local to national level signify the trend of reforming China's business incubation policy towards elitism. It should be emphasized that the concept of elitist incubation does not only refer to nurturing outstanding start-ups, and its screening mechanism to help strengthen and support the best is also a test for the quality development of start-up incubators. However, the existing studies do not clearly state whether there is a definite link among the fluctuation of industry performance, the enactment of the new regime and the subsequent trend of crowdsourcing spaces. This is the key to determining the effectiveness of the delisting system for crowd innovation spaces at the market level.
In order to answer the question if the delisting system of crowd innovation spaces achieve the desired effect, from the economic perspective of incubation performance and the speculations perspective of catering tendency, this study examines the effectiveness of the delisting system of crowd innovation spaces and its inhibitory effects with the double difference method (DID) based on the research data of the crowd innovation space industry in Jiangsu Province from 2016-2021. The empirical results show that the delisting system has a significant but weaker boosting effect on incubation performance and incentive effect on technological innovation activities in crowd innovation spaces. The dynamic study further confirms that this positive institutional effectiveness has a significant long term effect, but the incentive effect is showing a tightening trend. It is clear that the delisting of crowd innovation spaces is a sustainable institutional innovation, but its institutional effectiveness has not been fully exploited. Secondly, crowd innovation spaces have a catering tendency for speculation and crowding-out effect on incubation performance. The empirical evidence suggests that the catering tendency to the needs of the entrepreneurial community inhibits the performance of incubation by "crowding out" entrepreneurial services. This explains again the weak performance of the listing system for crowd innovation spaces in terms of its contribution to incubation performance. The study has also found that the level of accreditation, nature of ownership, location, time of establishment and number of staff served all have different degrees of impact on incubation performance.
Possible contributions to the study's findings are that firstly industries with high policy dependence are often considered by academics as passive recipients of institutions, and research on how to enhance institutional effectiveness has developed into a top-down (macro) research paradigm. In fact, however, institutional innovation and the release of its effectiveness ultimately need to be valorized through micro-organizations. As a result, behavior in the 'system-behavior-performance' research framework is also understood as 'following the rules' and 'doing what you are told', and the subjective initiative of the actors is ignored under these assumptions. To this end, this study uses the rational adverse selection behavior of crowd innovation spaces to reveal the triggering mechanism for the limited effectiveness of the delisting system, and its possible negative binding effects provide a practicable basis for decision-making on institutional innovation and its effectiveness prognosis. Secondly under the pressure of economic transformation, institutional innovation requires conceptual change. This study takes the effectiveness of the delisting system as new perspective to dialectically demonstrate the value of the elite-style incubation concept in practice, providing valid empirical evidence for exploring the path of quality development in China.

AI technology and Industry 4.0 have brought more new and complex challenges to enterprises. High-tech enterprises play a vital role in promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of economy and society. As the core human resource of high-tech enterprises, the effective exertion of R&D personnel's initiative and creative potential plays an important role in promoting technological innovation and breakthrough. However, the traditional "top-down" work design inhibits employees' enthusiasm and initiative. As a "bottom-up" job redesign, job crafting is an effective way to improve person-job fit and has a positive impact on employees' innovation performance. It is of great significance for high-tech enterprises to gain competitive advantage in the new round of scientific and technological revolution by exploring the formation process of the job crafting of R&D personnel.#br#Current research on job crafting mainly focuses on the aftereffects or psychological motivation of job crafting. The research on its antecedents and process mechanism is relatively insufficient. Although job crafting is initiated by employees, it is inspired by the situation (especially leadership). Supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) is a future-oriented supportive feedback, and there is a lack of understanding of how it affects R&D personnel's job crafting. In this paper, SDF is used as an antecedent to influence personnel's job crafting, and situational regulatory focus is used as a mediating variable to reveal the influence of SDF on promotion-prevention job crafting; furthermore the relational identification between subordinates and superiors is a moderating variable to further clarify the boundary between SDF and employees' job crafting. By constructing a moderated dual-path model, this study aims to promote the development of relevant theoretical research and provide a new reference perspective for high-tech enterprises to motivate and manage R&D personnel in the new scientific and technological revolution.#br#R&D personnel of high-tech enterprises have the characteristics of high education and technology. They have a higher demand for the realization of their self-worth and are easier to initiate job crafting independently. Considering the representativeness of the survey samples and the convenience and availability of on-site samples, this study selects the R&D personnel of 18 high-tech enterprises in a high-tech development zone in the central region as the research object. A total of 372 valid questionnaires are collected from R&D personnel of 18 high-tech enterprises in central China in two periods. Hierarchy regression and bootstrap analysis shows that SDF positively predicts the promotion job crafting of subordinates, and SDF negatively predicts the prevention job crafting of subordinates; the situational promotion/prevention focus partly mediates the positive/negative effects of SDF on the promotion/prevention job crafting; the subordinates' relational identification with a supervisor moderates the effect of SDF on situational promotion/prevention focus of subordinates, and meanwhile moderates the mediating effect of situational promotion focus, but relational identification does not moderate the mediating effect of situational prevention focus.#br#This paper integrates the regulatory focus theory and relational identification theory, and discusses the differentiation mechanism and boundary of the SDF affecting the job crafting of R&D personnel. It has important theoretical significance and practical enlightenment. By verifying that SDF is effective means to influence R&D personnel's promotion-prevention job crafting, this study deepens the understanding of the relationship between SDF and R&D personnel's job crafting, and extends the theoretical research on the antecedents and mechanisms of job crafting. It confirms that situational regulatory focus reveals the mechanisms of SDF on R&D personnel's promotion-prevention job crafting, enriching the theoretical discussion on the mediating mechanism of situational regulatory focus. Moreover, it clarifies the boundary of SDF on the impact of R&D personnel's job crafting and its mechanism, makes up for the deficiency of existing studies that mostly discuss the individual characteristics of feedback sources and feedback recipients as moderating variables alone, and enriches the relevant research on relational identification theory. Accordingly it is suggested that managers of high-tech enterprises should pay special attention to the cultivation and improvement of the developmental feedback ability of R&D managers in their daily management, and encourage employees' innovation and tolerate their failure, and it is also necessary to improve the trust and relational identification of R&D personnel.#br#

Leaders′ bottom-line mentality belongs to the category of leader values, and has been an emerging research topic in organizational behavior in recent years. Many studies have confirmed that leaders′ bottom-line mind has a negative effect at the individual level and the team level, and a few studies have proven its positive effect. Although some achievements have been made, the theme is still at the stage of exploration and development, many problems remain unsolved. In particular, the relationship between leaders′ bottom-line mentality and the innovation process of employees has not been clarified. An individual′s creativity needs to be shared with others, and it is easier to put it into practice only when it is recognized and supported through communication and interaction. But once the idea is known by others, it is difficult to identify the ownership, which easily leads to employees′ reluctance to share ideas or even have creative territory behavior, resulting in the premature death of the idea. The research shows that the organizational situation is also an important factor for employees to generate creative territory behavior (such as low-trust environment and exploitative leadership). As one of the organizational situations, leaders′ bottom-line mentality may also affect creative territory behavior, because the value judgment standard and behavior tendency displayed by it may make employees think that the leader is indifferent and unfair, and then lose trust in the leader and the organization. To test this conjecture, this study builds a moderated mediating model based on the relative deprivation theory to explore the influence mechanism and boundary conditions of leader bottom-line mentality on the creative territory behavior and tries to answer the questions why employees are unwilling to share good ideas, and what characteristics of employees can adapt to the leader bottom-line mentality.#br#Referring to the empirical research paradigm, this study collects the data through convenience sampling and snowball sampling. To reduce the influence of serious common method deviation, a two-stage design with a time lag of 1 month is adopted. In addition to demographic information, other variables are measured by the Likert 5-point scale, and a total of 172 valid data is collected. Finally, SPSS and its plug-ins PROCESS and AMOS are used to analyze the data to verify the hypothesis of this study.#br#The results show that leaders′ bottom-line mentality has a significant positive influence on employees′ creative territory behavior, and the relative deprivation plays as a mediator between the leaders' bottom-line mentality and employees′ creative territory behavior. In addition, employees′ status competition motivation significantly and negatively moderates the relationship between leadership bottom-line mentality and relative deprivation, and it is the same case in the indirect effect of leadership bottom-line mentality on creative territory behavior through relative deprivation.#br#Specifically, this study has three major theoretical contributions. First, taking the creative territory behavior as a breakthrough, it enriches the research on the relationship between leader bottom-line mentality and innovation, and the antecedents of the creative territory behavior. Second, following the relative deprivation theory, it introduces the sense of relative deprivation as a mediator to reveal the “black box” between leader bottom-line mentality and creative territory behavior and enriches the indirect mechanism of the influence effect of leaders′ bottom-line mentality in the business environment. Third, the individual characteristic variable of employees′ status competition motivation is included in the research framework to investigate its moderating role in the process of leaders′ bottom-line mentality influencing employees′ creative territory behavior, which responds to the call of scholars that the domestic bottom-line mentality research still needs to expand the boundary conditions. The research conclusions have guiding significance for the management of organizations and managers. The organization should take measures in recruitment, training and other aspects of human resources management to curb the harm of leaders' bottom-line mentality in the organization; and it is also important to strengthen the protection of employees′ knowledge and creativity, and encourage creativity sharing.#br#

Ambidextrous leadership is required in an innovation process that is contradictory and complex. However, previous studies on this issue were controversial: some scholars tested the positive effect of ambidextrous leadership on creativity and innovation, while the others proposed negative effects of ambidextrous leadership. There are two possible reasons: first, most studies did not clearly distinguish different stages of innovation, and ambidextrous leadership may have different effects on different stages of innovation; second, scholars did not reach a consensus on the understanding of ambidextrous leadership congruence, which led to the disunity of research results of ambidextrous leadership and innovation.#br#Addressing the above issues, this study separates the implementation stage which is more important to the organization from the innovation process to construct the complex model of ambidextrous leadership to conduce to the success of innovation theory and practice; meanwhile, the polynomial regression and response surface method are used to test the effect of ambidextrous leadership congruence/incongruence to better reflect the theoretical basis of ambidextrous leadership and avoid one-sided understanding. By this method, the absolute and relative differences, linear and nonlinear effects of ambidextrous leadership are all employed to improve the reliability of the test.#br#Strain is the opposite of congurence in most organizational theories. According to strain theory, ambidextrous leadership incongrurence leads to structural strain and then puts stress on employees because of the emphasis on innovation goal implementation without providing employees with legitimate resources and means to achieve this goal. Under this structural strain, according to conservation of resource theory (COR), employees would generate creative deviance behavior to avoid the loss of his/her creative ideas and anticipate the success of innovation. Strain theory clarifies the mechanism of creative deviance from the structural strain of external context, while resource conservation theory emphasizes the behavioral motivation of creative deviance from an individual perspective, trying to avoid the loss of resource (idea) under structural strain. These two theories are effectively linked to provide powerful theoretical support for the mediating effect of creative deviant between ambidextrous leadership and creative idea implementation.#br#The high degree of uncertainty of creative deviance (may be either constructive or destructive ) calls for clarification of the boundaries of its effect on creative idea implementation. Investment principles of resource conservation theory indicate that individuals who generated creative deviance can recover from losses by directly replacing organizational resource with coworker workplace friendship to achieve innovation goal, and then give play to the constructive role of creative deviance. Thus, coworker workplace friendship is introduced as a moderating variable between creative deviance and creative idea implementation, and further moderates the mediating path of "ambidextrous leadership creative deviance creative idea implementation".#br#To sum up, this paper proposes the "illegal" path of ambidextrous leadership′s effects on creative idea implementation through creative deviance under the boundary of coworker workplace friendship. A questionnaire survey study is designed involving managers and employees from 5 state-owned enterprises, and polynomial regression and block variable analysis methods are used to test the hypotheses. The results show that the incongruence of ambidextrous leadership leads to more structural tension and creative deviance, while the congruence of ambidextrous leadership conduces to creative idea implementation;creative deviance plays a partial mediating role between ambidextrous leadership and creative idea implementation; there is a moderating effect of coworker workplace friendship, namely, the mediating effect of creative deviance is significant under the condition of high coworker workplace friendship, whereas not significant under the condition of low coworker workplace friendship.#br#In practice, the potential value of rejected ideas is ignored. Different from prior research that emphasized innovation as the process of legal idea implementation, this research reveals that when facing the contradiction and complexity of innovation management, creative deviance provides a new "illegal" way for creative ideas without legal status. That is, managers should adopt the ambidextrous leadership behavior to turn rejected "bad ideas" into wealth and improve the transformation rate of these ideas; meanwhile managers should take advantage of coworker workplace friendship to reduce the high uncertainty of creative deviance, and give play to its positive role to solve the dilemma of organizational innovation.#br#

China's new energy automobile enterprises are latecomer enterprises, and they suffer from the disadvantages of congenital resource shortage, weak basic research and development, and insufficient high-end involvement in the industrial chain. Furthermore, the blockade of foreign core technologies in the new era has made the innovation environment of latecomer enterprises worse. Disruptive innovation, based on the blue ocean thinking mode, can provide good path guidance for latecomer firms' through reshaping and reform of technological paradigm and innovation route. On the other hand, disruptive innovation involves the systematic reshaping of the technology system, which often involves the role complementarity and resource integration of different innovation subjects. The process of disruptive innovation is used to be accompanied with the value co-creation activities of innovation subjects. After reviewing the existing literature on disruptive innovation and value co-creation, it is found that the research about value co-creation of disruptive innovation on enterprises is also one of the core issues that current scholars pay attention to, and the market diffusion process of disruptive innovation and the logic process of value co-creation are highly coupled. Therefore, the existing research on the model and path evolution of disruptive innovation value co-creation still needs to be further improved.
To help latecomer enterprise break through the path bottleneck of value co-creation and solve the dynamic problem of value co-creation mode transition in the process of disruptive innovation,this paper is from the perspective of value co-creation which helps to conduct a research framework formed by the internal and external organization linkage of value subject and “value proposition-value formation-value diffusion”, and takes BYD as the research object with the exploratory single case study method to explore the value co-creation path and mode of latecomer enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation at different stages. Through the coding of BYD data based on the grounded theory, the concept and category of value co-creation in each stage are obtained, and the process law and internal mechanism of disruptive innovation value co-creation of latecomer firms are further revealed.
The study has found that in the initial stage, diffusion stage and subversion stage,there are different value co-creator participators in the disruptive innovation value co-creation of latecomer enterprises, forming different paths and models. At different stages, the value co-creation of latecomer firms will experience transactional mode, cooperative mode and relational mode in turn. The differences of different modes are embodied in three modules: value proposition, value formation and value diffusion. Aiming at different value co-creation modes, this paper summarizes the development rules and puts forward corresponding innovation strategies. The innovation strategy at the initial stage is the resource patching oriented transaction form, and the imitative innovation that absorbs value spillovers. The start-ups can complete the resource patching through the transaction form, alleviate the dependence on structural resources, avoid the risk of R&D investment with asset-lite structure, fully capture the value spillovers of external organizations in the transaction, and then they should continuously launch new products and services through imitation innovation to ensure that the innovation direction is consistent with customer demand. In the diffusion stage, latecomers should carry out independent innovation of information exchange in the form of collaborative innovation oriented cooperation. Enterprises should expand their business scale, establish long-term cooperation relationships with external organizations such as government, industry, universities and research institutes, capture technology spillovers and cutting-edge knowledge in cooperation and improve the independent innovation ability of enterprises. In the subversion stage, the latecomers should form a relationship involving multiple parties and open innovation of customer customization. Enterprises should attract as many subjects as possible to participate in value co-creation, so as to maintain the network relationship and improve the ability to obtain and integrate scarce resources. At the same time, customers should become the innovation source of enterprises through customer customization strategies, thus improving customer loyalty and satisfaction.
This study expands the application field of value co-creation theory, enriches the research results of disruptive innovation and value co-creation theory, and provides ideas and practical guidance for latecomer enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation.

Technical standards are the key to leading market competition. Along with the continuous updating and iteration of technology, the formation mechanism of technical standards is also constantly changing, and the internal formation mechanism of international technical standards is complex and changeable, and it is rare for China to make any international standard—setting. The existing research has formed a framework of "technology potentization—patent standardization—standard industrialization" around technical standards. On the basis of the framework, this paper selects Huawei which won the right to formulate the 5G NR eMBB control channel coding standard in 2016, as the research sample, and conducts a case analysis of Huawei's leading international technical standards to study the process and mechanism of the formation of technical standards from a micro perspective, and further explores the relationship between technical standards and technical patents. Through data analysis and research, on the one hand, the whole process of how enterprises convert theories into international technical standards can be presented more intuitively; on the other hand, it helps other companies to enter the ranks of technical standard formulation, and it also has certain advantages for the formation of technical standards.#br#The data mainly includes two categories. First, from the Derwent patent database, the name and code of the patentee of the index database HUAW—C, and the subject of polar code are selected, and the patent application data of Huawei Polar code from 2011 to 2019 is obtained, including the number of patent applications, authorization time, patent abstract, rights area, priority and other information. After classification and sorting, the layout process of Polar-code related patents is clarified. Second, the data of the 3GPP RAN1 standard meeting proposal and Huawei's annual reports are combined with the standard development of Huawei's milestone events. This study lays the groundwork for further analysis of the relationship between standards and patents; and it then extracts 2016—2020 from the standards conference proposal. The content of the proposal during the year, that is, the twelve standard meetings of 3GPP RAN1#85—#104e are sorted out to analyze the subject, content, quantity, status, etc. Thus the study provides a deeper understanding and exploration of the formation law of technical standards.#br#By sorting out the existing data and comparing them with the literature on the formation mechanism of other technical standards, this study finds that the research direction of technology patents of enterprises does not come out of thin air, and patents and technologies cannot be separated from academic papers or theories. In the search for the standardization path, the research perspective should not only be placed on the patents and technologies at the front end of the technical standards, but should be moved one step further to the sources of technical research related to patents. Without relevant theoretical support, the research and breakthrough direction of technology will be a major obstacle for the development of standardization. Therefore, the basic theoretical research and preparation before the transformation of technology into patents cannot be ignored. This study starts from the research of a basic theory such as academic papers and goes deep into the theory which becomes a technical standard, as well as the coordinated development model of standards and patents. Furthermore it focuses on the layout of academic papers converted to patents, the law of standard development, and whether standards and patents have a dynamic mode of coordinated development.#br#Therefore, this paper first focuses on the source of ideas for the technical standard of Polar code, that is, the theoretical basis of Polar code, and then organizes and summarizes its technical distribution and geographical layout through the patent data of Polar code. The standard proposal data of Polar code is sorted by time, subject, content, and status, etc., and the advantages of Huawei's Polar code standard proposal and competitors are analyzed. Finally, the standards and patents of Polar code are compared in terms of time, quantity and technology. Polar code technical standard and patent have mutual promotion and cooperation. It is of great practical significance for the internationalization of Chinese enterprises' technical standards and the integration of international technical standards and patents to reveal Huawei's process of transforming theory into international technical standards from a microscopic perspective.#br#

Major strategic arrangements for promoting high-end, intelligent and green development of the manufacturing industry have been made in the Report on the Party's 20th National Congress. Intelligent manufacturing is an important way to stimulate the profound transformation of manufacturing mode, production organization mode and industrial form, and it is also the core of the manufacturing industry to achieve high-quality development. Enterprises are the key forces to implement the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing, and it is necessary to explore the realization path to promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprise intelligent manufacturing. Therefore from the perspective of modularity, this study follows the grounded theory and focuses on analyzing the successful way of intelligent manufacturing transformation and upgrading of the micro-case of Haier Group.#br#The research results show that modularization mainly enables the upgrade of intelligent manufacturing through three paths: design modularization, production modularization and organization modularization. First of all, the design modularization is the basic force of intelligent manufacturing transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. The design modularization is based on standardization to build a general module, and it has the characteristics of meeting the high frequency common user requirements of the same series or even cross-domain products. The product innovation based on this can cover a broader user market, reduce the risk of product innovation and improve the resilience of innovation. Secondly, production modularization is the backbone of intelligent manufacturing transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Production modularization builds diversified module combinations based on functional modules, and it provides an important guarantee to meet users' individual needs and large-scale production, and achieves cost reduction with the advantages of large-scale production. On this basis, the enterprise improves production efficiency by laying out modular lines and building modular production networks. Finally, organizational modularization is a complex force for intelligent manufacturing transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Enterprises integrate internal and external resources by constructing specialized and cooperative organizational modules, create exploitable value by utilizing the characteristics of organizational modules, and construct the whole production modular network. The organization module can realize the internal platform and external ecology of manufacturing enterprises, and helps to integrate internal and external resources and promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. Accordingly, the above three enabling paths also drive the transition of building modules, using module and effector fermentation in intelligent manufacturing process. In conclusion, the case analysis provides reference for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to explore the path of intelligent manufacturing, and they are expected to effectively use the tool of modularity to leverage the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing, and strive to build an intelligent manufacturing mode with user demands as the core.#br#The research results have the following theoretical contributions and practical application value. First of all, following the grounded theory, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the upgrade of modularly empowered intelligent manufacturing by step-by-step coding of semi-structured interview materials, explores the theoretical "black box" of the upgrade of modular empowered enterprises' intelligent manufacturing, analyzes the path and mechanism of the upgrading of modular empowered enterprises' intelligent manufacturing, and expands the relevant research on the upgrade of enterprises' intelligent manufacturing. Secondly, the research results on the intelligent manufacturing upgrading of modular enabling enterprises provide a new direction for the intelligent manufacturing theory research, further complement and improve the intelligent manufacturing theory. Finally, on the basis of classifying and grading user demands in the existing model, this study also extends the interpretation of the connotation and evolution trend of user demands in the era of intelligent manufacturing, and connects user demands with the whole process of enterprise intelligent manufacturing, providing a new idea for follow-up research on the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing.#br#

 The emergence of a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation has led to the rapid integration of emerging technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence, into various fields.This has propelled the globalization of technology innovation.In this era, the development of strategic emerging industries has become a significant strategic imperative for nations worldwide.It is a crucial move to secure a vantage point in economic and technological development.Consequently, developing and strengthening leading enterprises in major frontier technology areas is crucial for advancing global technology innovation.The 'Global Enterprise Innovation Index 2023' (GEII 2023) report was released by the Wuhan Institute of Data Intelligence, the Big Data Institute at Wuhan University, the Center for Science, Technology & Education Assessment (CSTEA) of Wuhan University, the School of Information Management of Wuhan University, and the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China.This report provides an in-depth analysis of enterprises in five key domains: renewable energy, biomedicine, advanced manufacturing, new materials, and next-generation information technology.The objective of this report is to use objective data and quantitative methods to systematically illustrate the global pattern of technology innovation development in today's strategic emerging industries.<br>The GEII 2023 assesses enterprise technology innovation capabilities through three dimensions: knowledge innovation, technology innovation, and innovation collaboration.Knowledge innovation is a crucial source for scientific and technological development and includes three aspects: knowledge innovation output, knowledge innovation impact, and knowledge innovation diffusion.Technology innovation is a crucial driver of scientific and technological progress.This involves examining three key aspects: technology innovation output, technology innovation quality, and technology innovation impact.Additionally, innovation collaboration is a key avenue for optimizing resource allocation, and this can be evaluated from three aspects: innovation collaboration scale, innovation collaboration status, and innovation collaboration level.<br>The results show that the top 20 enterprises in each industry were well-known large multinational enterprises, including many enterprises that simultaneously develop in multiple sectors, such as Samsung, LG, Siemens, and General Electric.In terms of regional distribution, enterprises from Japan and the US demonstrate an absolute leading position regarding innovation performance.Germany, China, France, South Korea, Switzerland, and the Netherlands possess significant global influence.Specifically, Japan exhibits strong capabilities in renewable energy, advanced manufacturing, new materials, and next-generation information technology.In each of these industries, over 30 Japanese enterprises have been listed among the global top 100.The US closely follows, with the second-highest number of enterprises in these four industries.And in biomedicine, the US takes a significant lead with 36 enterprises on the list, surpassing Japan in second place with 15 ones.Ranking third, Germany has a relatively even distribution across these industries, with approximately 10 enterprises entering the top 100 of each industry.China has impressive performance in next-generation information technology, with a total of 16 enterprises listed, which highlights the global competitiveness of Chinese enterprises in this particular sector.Furthermore, France has a significant number of enterprises listed in the renewable energy sector, while Switzerland performs well in the biopharmaceutical sector.<br>This report constructs a global innovation index indicator system from knowledge innovation, technology innovation, and innovation collaboration.By incorporating data from papers, patents, and social media, it examines the trends in innovation development within strategically emerging industries.With a global outlook, it investigates the major drivers of innovation transformation, offering valuable insights to gain a precise understanding of the direction of innovation progress.Furthermore, it aims to foster global scientific and technological exchange and collaboration by providing in-depth analysis and information.However, the GEII 2023 indicator system acknowledges the need for further enhancement and will undergo continuous adjustments and optimizations in the future. We sincerely invite experts, scholars, entrepreneurs, and policymakers to read this report and provide suggestions or feedback.<br>

Nowadays, disruptive innovation has become an important strategic choice for latecomers to realize catch-up, and has been widely concerned by various countries. However, the existing practice of enterprises shows that the disruptive innovation behavior of latecomers will lead to destructive impact on the innovation market, and then break the stable internal and external environment and competition barriers of the existing enterprises, causing threats to their survival. Many incumbent enterprises try to find a way of sustainable development, but they are prone to failure with limited resources and capabilities. Therefore, as the importance of disruptive innovation speaks for itself, how incumbent enterprises break the capability lock and get out of the "innovators' dilemma" has become a key issue of concern for enterprise managers.#br#This paper takes Fujifilm as a case sample,and adopts the longitudinal single case method in the thinking logic of "cognition—action—result" to examine its anti-disruptive action. The following questions are discussed: First, in the face of the external impact of disruptive innovation, how do the managers of existing enterprises sensitively perceive the crisis and form a matching manager cognition? Second, how do managers transfer the individual level cognition to the collective organization and reach a unified understanding？Third, what kind of resource actions do managers guide the collective to take to enhance their abilities？#br#The research results show that the incumbent enterprises have gone through the development stages of exploration, transformation and strengthening, and the corresponding resource capacity has been improved by the integration capacity, extension capacity and reconstruction capacity. In the exploration period, facing the initial market disruption, incumbent enterprise managers form "technology innovation driven" manager cognition through the attention allocation process of "perception-attention-select-judgment". Under such cognitive leadership, managers reach an organizational dominant logic of "independent breakthrough of disruptive technology" with the collective organization through mechanisms such as clarity of rules and regulations and support of special departments. Furthermore, managers lead organizations to take resource patchwork actions to form resource integration capabilities and complete the transformation of enterprise competitiveness. During the transformation period, with the escalation of external crisis events, the incumbent enterprise managers formed the manager cognition of "obtaining market benefits" through the attention allocation process of "perception —attention—selection—judgment". Under the guidance of this cognition, managers reach a "technology-related business expansion" organizational dominant logic with the collective organization through the mechanisms of business systematization and organizational modularization. Furthermore, the managers lead the organization to make resource arrangement to form resource extension capabilities and promote the competitiveness of the enterprise. In the strengthening period, In the face of the reappearance of the barrier crisis, the incumbent enterprise managers form the management cognition of "strengthening market interests" through the attention allocation process of "perception-attention-selection-judgment".With this cognitive reshaping, managers reach a "market expansion and deepening" organizational dominant logic with the collective organization through mechanisms such as the establishment of an information sharing platform and an open innovation center. Furthermore, managers lead organizations to take resource cooperation actions to form resource reconstruction capabilities and help enterprises strengthen their competitive abilities.#br#In summary, this paper studies the path mechanism of capability advancement following the cognition—action—result logic based on the multi-stage process of the incumbent enterprise reform. Compared with the existing literature, it examines the anti-disruptive behavior from the perspective of incumbent enterprises, which enriches the theoretical research system of disruptive innovation. Meanwhile, it adopts the dynamic process perspective and introduces the ability formation mechanism of manager cognition and resource action, which enriches the research on the micro-mechanism of anti-subversion. In addition, the results of this study have important implications for the crisis response of incumbent enterprises. Future research could be enriched from organizational resilience and collaborative mechanism between disruptive innovation of latecomer enterprises and incumbent enterprise development.#br#

At present, the world is experiencing unprecedented changes in an accelerating way, and the recovery of the world economy is facing severe challenges. Technological innovation is the core driving force of high-quality development for China and even the global economy. In the process of realizing international technology links and circulation, there are still problems such as uneven distribution of innovation resources, insufficient leading technology leaders, and unclear patent property rights. These issues urgently require the countries across the world to strengthen open cooperation in science and technology, and it is exactly consistent with the banners of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results contained in Chinese-style modernization, and the connotation of better maintaining world peace and development through its own development. Against the backdrop of the internationalization of innovation resource allocation and the complexity of innovation activities, as an important source of global technological innovation and a staunch supporter of an open international order, China has insisted on building a global science and technology development and sharing system with open resources and shared costs, to enhance the well-being of people around the world. However, there are some problems in the process of international technical cooperation among Chinese enterprises: first, the overseas R&D centers established by some Chinese enterprises are mere formalities and have not been put into real application, which has caused a large waste of resources for enterprises and host countries;then the overseas R&D centers established by some Chinese enterprises tend to absorb the innovation resources of the host country, and lack the local technological feedback. The gaps between ideal and reality raise three questions. First, have China's overseas R&D centers enhanced the innovation capabilities of the host country? Second, through what mechanisms can overseas R&D centers influence the innovation capabilities of host countries? Third, does this effect differ due to firm-level and industry-level heterogeneity?#br#This paper adopts the three-dimensional stepped theoretical framework of "overseas R&D—innovation resource overflow—host country innovation performance", takes the establishment of overseas R&D centers by Chinese enterprises as a "quasi-natural experiment". Considering the availability of data and the need to enhance the stability of the results, this paper selects two indicators of enterprise innovation output and innovation efficiency to measure their innovation level, and takes the number of overseas research and development centers established as the explanatory variable. A control group and an experimental group are established based on whether the enterprise has established an overseas research and development center. Then the paper constructs a difference-in differences model to evaluate the impact of China's smart overseas development on the innovation performance of the host country. #br#The research shows that the establishment of overseas R&D centers by Chinese enterprises can significantly promote the innovation of the host country, and it is mainly achieved through mechanisms such as improving the creative output, knowledge absorption capacity and human capital of the host country;rich innovation with a high degree of correlation and a better business environment can give greater play to the innovation enhancement effect of China's overseas R&D centers. The conclusions still hold after a series of robustness tests, including replacing core measurement indicators, changing regression models, and dividing sample intervals based on time periods.#br#All in all, this is a study of transnational knowledge diffusion strategies in developing countries. It centers around the overseas R&D centers, and for the first time empirically examines the impact of China's overseas R&D investment on the host country's innovation capabilities and resources. In addition, by preliminarily evaluating the actual effects of China's overseas R&D centers on the host country's innovation capabilities, this paper provides theoretical support and practical experience for China's scientific and technological governance path to participate in global common challenges as a responsible major country, and verifies China's achievements and international contributions in technology dissemination and innovation.#br#

In the post-pandemic era, the downward pressure on the economy is constantly increasing, and employment opportunities are harder to come by. In this context, the Chinese government has firmly emphasized the significance and supported "entrepreneurship to bring employment and entrepreneurship to promote innovation", making entrepreneurship a new engine of the economy. Entrepreneurship financing not only affects the survival of entrepreneurial enterprises, but also determines their future development. However, the phenomenon of information asymmetry between investors and startups has led to difficulties in financing startups. To address this issue, scholars have studied the impact of different corporate factors on entrepreneurial financing. However, as an organic whole, the study of a single factor not only makes it difficult to comprehensively explain the financing problems faced by entrepreneurial enterprises, but also leads to contradictions in the research conclusions. For startups, another issue that needs to be addressed is the integration of identity elements, as many companies are unable to utilize existing identity features to integrate attractive corporate identities.#br#Considering the above context, this article explores the elements of entrepreneurial identity identified by investors from the perspective of identity theory, as corporate identity reflects the "core, enduring, and unique" characteristics of the enterprises. Identity theory makes it possible to provide a more comprehensive and holistic description of entrepreneurial enterprises. Subsequently, on the basis of theoretical literature, this article obtains the initial structure of entrepreneurial identity characteristics identified by investors through semi-structured interviews, open-ended questionnaire surveys, and coding methods. Then it uses exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to extract four corporate identity characteristics that investors identify, including leadership ability, organizational ability, industry environment, and competitive advantages. These four dimensions contain a total of eight factors, with each covering two factors. In detail, leadership ability includes leadership behavior characteristics and entrepreneurial personality traits. Organizational capability includes the characteristics of the internal organization, profit expectations, and incentives.#br#The external environment includes industry characteristics and market environment characteristics. At the same time, a scale of entrepreneurial enterprise identity containing these four dimensions (a total of eight factors) is obtained for investor identification.In order to solve the problem of combining the identity elements of entrepreneurial enterprises, drawing on configuration theory, this article uses the method of fsQCA to analyze the eight factors that affect the identity characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprises identified by investors in the previous text.Finally, four types of entrepreneurial identity construction paths are sorted out, including comprehensive, competitive, pioneering, and dominant;and then, by analyzing these four types of configurations, the article points out the types of entrepreneurial enterprises corresponding to these four paths.#br#Drawing on social identity theory and identity theory, this article employs theoretical coding, factor analysis, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods to study the characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprise identity identified by investors and the configuration effect of entrepreneurial enterprise identity construction on obtaining entrepreneurial financing.Unlike previous studies based on signal theory or resource theory, this article explores the characteristics of entrepreneurial identity based on social identity theory and identity theory, and provides a measurement scale for entrepreneurial identity recognized by investors. On the one hand, it broadens the theoretical research perspective of entrepreneurial financing. On the other hand, it provides measurement tools for corporate identity research. On this basis, from the perspective of configuration theory, this article explores four paths for building entrepreneurial identity that are conducive to obtaining entrepreneurial financing, breaking through the deficiencies of the existing research that only focuses on the impact of a single factor on obtaining entrepreneurial financing.Then, by comparing and analyzing the antecedent configurations of entrepreneurial financing, it is identified that different types of entrepreneurial enterprises can be combined based on their own factor characteristics so as to fully demonstrate the advantages of enterprises.This also provides a more detailed explanation of the complex relationship between investors and startups.#br#

The rapid economic growth is accompanied by the problem of ecological damage. In the new era, China's past "high-speed and low-quality" economic development model at the cost of environmental pollution has faced unprecedented challenges. According to the 2022 Global Environmental Performance Index Report jointly released by Yale University and Columbia University, China ranks the 160th among 180 countries and regions in the world. Green development has become the "Achilles' heel" that restricts China's economic development from achieving high-quality development. Due to the negative externality of environmental problems and the nature of public products, it is difficult to define the ownership of property rights, therefore, it′s necessary to implement serious government environmental regulation. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s World Intellectual Property Indicators (2022) report, China had the highest number of patents in the world in 2021, surpassing the sum of the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Although there has been a significant increase in the number of patent innovations in China, there are still issues of low efficiency in key patent innovation and insufficient independent and controllable innovation, which will directly lead to the risk of technology lock-in in the development of key industries' technological innovation in China.#br#The high penetration attribute of digital development and the leap in its scale and structure have effectively reduced prominent contradictions, such as cross-temporal information transaction costs and the imbalance between supply and demand of production factors, which is conducive to alleviating the impact of technology lock-in by reducing innovation uncertainty and promoting innovation knowledge spillover. Is there a new choice for China to further break through the dilemma of technology lock-in in the digital era? This study aims to effectively identify the technology lock-in effect, explore the constraints and unlocking mechanisms of technology lock-in from a diversified digital perspective and provide empirical evidence for understanding and breaking the technology lock-in dilemma so as to help achieve effective government environmental regulation, effective technological innovation and progress, and coordinated development of the two.#br#This paper selects 30 provincial panel data sets from China from 2003 to 2020 as research samples to measure the intensity of government environmental regulation and the regional technology lock-in effect. Using the double fixed effect model, threshold model and unlocking mechanism test model, this paper comprehensively studies the multiple impacts of government environmental regulation on the technology lock-in effect and explores its potential unlocking mechanism. The research results indicate that (1) government environmental regulation has generally curbed the technology lock-in effect, and this effect follows the non-linear trajectory of "strong containment-attenuation of containment effect";(2) the results of heterogeneity analysis indicate that there are significant differences in the impact of government environmental regulation on technology lock-in among different regions, the degree of resource based industry agglomeration, the level of institutional innovation, and the level of digital economy development;(3) further examination of the unlocking effect of diversified digitization reveals that the nonlinear unlocking effect between digital literacy and digital equipment is valid, while digital applications may fail due to the time lag effect of technology diffusion.#br#This paper makes some theoretical contributions and provides some policy values as follows. It extends the perspective to the potential technology lock-in effect that may form in the dynamic process of technological innovation, and further demonstrates the dynamic nonlinear impact of technology lock-in in response to government environmental regulation. Moreover, it starts with multi-digitalization and verifies the non-linear unlocking effect of multi-digitalization, expanding the research content related to technology lock-in. The in-depth examination of whether local governments' efforts to strengthen environmental regulation driven by the maximization of interests within their jurisdiction have directly or indirectly caused technological innovation losses provides an important reference for the dynamic adjustment of environmental policies. The research conclusions provide a decision-making reference for enhancing the adaptability of China's environmental governance policies, promoting the implementation of the "Digital China" strategy, solving China's technology lock-in dilemma, and optimizing and coordinating the relationship between effective government environmental governance and effective technological progress.#br#

China is one of the largest digital economies in the world, and it is served as one of the most important testing grounds for digital transformation. Although digitalization is constantly promoting the diffusion of knowledge in physical and virtual spaces, the existing studies have rarely focused on the potential power to cause the changes in regional innovation geography. Since the digital technologies have triggered a new round of innovation growth, they are reshaping the geography of regional innovation in China. This paper aims to investigate the reshaping effect of digitalization on regional innovation geography based on the theory of backwardness advantage. It is of great practical significance for digital dividend sharing and regional coordinated development by judging scientifically the impact of digitalization on China′s regional innovation geography.#br#　　Using 283 city observations in China from 2013-2021,this paper systematically studies the role of digitalization in reshaping regional innovation geography. It selects four dimensions of digital infrastructure, digital element input, digital industry output and digital transaction development to calculate the digitalization index at the city level. Then it constructs the convergence model incorporating the digitalization moderating mechanism to examine the impact of digitalization on the convergence of regional innovation. This paper also investigates the heterogeneous influence of digitalization on the internal innovation convergence process in the northern and southern regions. Furthermore, using the panel threshold regression method, it reveals the nonlinear evolution of the impact of digitalization. The results imply that, first, the overall level of digitalization in China has been continuously improving in recent years, but the digital construction of cities has become polarized. Second, the convergence process of China′s regional innovation and digitalization facilitates the acceleration of this trend significantly. This result still holds after a series of robustness tests. Third, the heterogeneity analysis shows that there is club convergence in regional innovation in the north and south of China, and the innovation convergence rate in the south is faster than that in the north, while the acceleration effect of digitalization on innovation convergence in the north is obviously stronger. Last, the digitalization has an obvious double-threshold effect on regional innovation convergence. Only when the digitalization level reaches the threshold value of 0.154 can it show a significant acceleration effect on the convergence process of regional innovation. #br#　　To sum up, this paper explains the impact of digitalization on regional innovation geography and provides a reference for the new round of digital construction strategies in China. Then it puts forward the following policy implications. Overall, the digital infrastructure construction should be further popularized, with special emphasis on improving the network penetration of underdeveloped cities, and incorporating marginal cities into digital networks to realize economies of scale. For the central government, by scientifically judging the influence of digitalization on regional innovation geography in different regions and stages, digital construction can be an effective and new means to promote high-quality and coordinated regional development. Late-developing cities should employ comparative advantages and digital means to strengthen innovation cooperation with developed cities, further transform exogenous knowledge into endogenous pursuit power, and achieve high-level convergence in innovation. While developed cities should make full use of digital infrastructure to expand the effective scope of innovation spillovers, formulate sustainable inter-regional digital economic dividend sharing policies, and drive late-developing regions to carry out innovation activities at different levels. #br#　　Compared with previous studies, this paper contributes to the literature in three important ways. First, it studies the role of digitalization in reshaping the regional innovation geography, which is an expansion of the research field of digitalization affecting regional innovation. Second, by introducing a digital adjustment mechanism based on the conditional β convergence model, this paper overcomes the limitation that the conditional β convergence model is only used to describe convergence facts. Third, it further analyzes the threshold conditions for digitalization to accelerate the process of regional innovation convergence, and studies the characteristics of regional clubs in the effect of digitalization on reshaping the regional innovation geography. By analyzing threshold effects and heterogeneous facts of digitalization, it provides a decision-making reference for the government to make targeted digitalization strategies.#br#

At present, the global “fourth” industrial revolution is accelerating, the world’s competitive landscape is being reshaped, and improving technological innovation has become the core strategy for countries to seek competitive advantages. Artificial intelligence (AI), as a new generation of “general-purpose technology” after the Internet, is regarded as the key to promoting the “fourth” industrial revolution, and its increasingly strong penetration and high spillover are becoming an important driving force to enable technological innovation. The current research has explored the direct impact of artificial intelligence on technological innovation, but there has been no discussion on the possible nonlinear relationships;the mechanism of the role of innovation environment in the relationship between artificial intelligence and technological innovation has not been explored yet;and the impact of regional differences and innovation type differences has not yet been paid attention to, and heterogeneity analysis is warranted.#br#This study selects the number of patent authorizations from each province to represent the level of technological innovation in the region, uses the number of patent applications to replace the number of patent authorizations for robustness testing, and takes the installation volume of industrial robots in each province as an indicator to measure artificial intelligence. Using the sample data of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2020, the study analyzes and tests the empowering effect of AI on enhancing technological innovation and the mediating effect of the innovation environment using a two-way fixed-effect model and a mediating-effect model.#br#The results reveal that, first of all, AI can significantly empower the enhancement of regional technological innovation. The empowering effect of AI can accelerate knowledge integration and creation, promote knowledge spillover, optimize resource allocation, and thus improve technological innovation. Secondly, the facilitation effect of AI on technological innovation works through the intermediary mechanism of innovation environment and is further tested by the mediating effects of sub-mediating variables such as new enterprises, foreign investment and venture capital. Thirdly, in the heterogeneity analysis, it is found that AI has a significant empowerment promotion effect on technological innovation in eastern regions, coastal regions and technology-intensive regions, and has not yet shown a significant promotion effect in Midwest regions, non-coastal regions, and non-technology-intensive regions, although the regression coefficients are positive. AI has a significant empowerment-boosting effect on all three innovation types and shows a higher marginal effect on design patents. Finally, the promotion of AI in technological innovation shows a marginally decreasing non-linear characteristic, which indicates that there is an “optimal interval” of AI-empowered technological innovation enhancement.#br#The implications arising from the study are listed. (1) The government should integrate knowledge resources between different subjects with the help of the AI technological innovation platform, strengthen knowledge spillover and knowledge creation, and enhance technological innovation through industry-university-research integration. In addition, the government should further strengthen basic AI research, make a strict investigation of the use of government funds for innovation and provide special government funds to reduce the innovation crowding-out effect of rent-seeking behavior. (2) It is essential to accelerate the intelligent transformation of infrastructure to empower technological innovation, apply AI technology in enterprise project decision-making, project risk demonstration, build an intelligent risk warning platform based on AI technology to carve a multi-dimensional risk portrait of enterprises in the region from assets, cash, and transactions, and build an inter-regional cooperation and innovation network based on AI technology to realize cross-regional and cross-field resource integration. (3) Because of the regional heterogeneity of the promotion of AI in technological innovation, governments in regions with relatively weak foundations should improve the top-level design and institutional guarantee of AI development and strengthen the financial and policy support for intelligent transformation of infrastructure. Then the leading regions should focus on improving the level of AI technology application, and take the lead in undertaking key technology research tasks. Finally, the government should play a policy-guiding role in actively promoting AI hardware facilities, such as AI data centers and AI innovation pilot zones, to enrich the areas with weak foundation, realize regional division of labor synergy, and give play to the innovation empowerment effect of AI technology.#br#

Along with the deep integration of digital economy and traditional manufacturing characterized by digitization, networking and intelligence, intelligent manufacturing has become the focus of economic and technological competition among countries around the world. Chinese intelligent manufacturing is confronted by problems such as weak industrial infrastructure, an insufficient supply of data elements, and the relatively lagging application of intelligent technology. Innovation is the primary driving force of the development of intelligent manufacturing, while intelligent manufacturing is rooted in enterprise innovation. Since enterprises are the main driving force of intelligent manufacturing, and "Internet plus" and industrial Internet are important driving forces in the field of manufacturing, this paper aims to explore the allocation structure of innovation resources in intelligent manufacturing enterprises, make scientific measurement of the innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises, and provide references for how to improve the innovation capability of intelligent manufacturing enterprises.#br#This study selects the enterprises from China's intelligent manufacturing demonstration pilot project as a sample, and constructs a two-stage super efficiency DEA model to measure technology development efficiency, economic transformation efficiency, and overall innovation efficiency. The intelligent manufacturing enterprises are divided into four categories: high R&D and high transformation, high R&D and low transformation, low R&D and high transformation, and low R&D and low transformation. Then the factors and degrees that affect the two-stage innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises are analyzed by the Tobit regression model. The results indicate that, first, the innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises has been increasing year by year, but there is still a lot of room for improvement. There are also significant individual differences, and the proportion of intelligent manufacturing enterprises with high R&D and high transformation,low R&D and low transformation is the highest. The two-stage innovation efficiency advantages of the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry and the automobile manufacturing industry are clear, while the textile manufacturing industry is at a relatively low level of innovation efficiency. The efficiency in the technology research and development stage is the main factor determining the overall efficiency of innovation. Second, from the analysis of factors affecting the innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises, government support has the greatest impact on technology research and development efficiency. However, ignoring market demand and blindly increasing research and development output could lead to a decrease in the economic transformation of research and development achievements. A high-quality technological environment and infrastructure have a boosting effect on the R&D generation and economic transformation of intelligent manufacturing enterprises. Large enterprises are more likely to have higher two-stage innovation efficiency than small and medium-sized enterprises. The equity concentration ratio has little effect on two-stage innovation efficiency. An increase in the number of R&D personnel will increase R&D output, but the increased R&D output during the technology R&D stage cannot be timely converted into economic value, and instead will reduce the economic conversion rate. Market competition is beneficial for the R&D output of intelligent manufacturing enterprises, but it has had a significant negative impact on economic transformation efficiency, indicating that the market structure of intelligent manufacturing enterprises in China is not yet sound.#br#Four policy implications are put forward to improve the innovation efficiency of China's intelligent manufacturing enterprises. First, the government should pay attention to the links and quality when providing support to intelligent manufacturing enterprises, appropriately reduce financial support for the achievement transformation process, support key links through various means such as policy subsidies and tax incentives. Second, the government should focus on supporting fields related to China's intelligent manufacturing innovation development, improve the quality of scientific and technological services, and promote the application of innovative achievements to improve the management system for science and technology investment. Third, it is essential for the government to improve the market competition mechanism, encourage the enterprises to strengthen their market competitiveness through research and development capabilities and new products, and crack down on malicious competition through methods such as illegal infringement and price wars. Fourth, it is necessary to reasonably adjust the structure of innovative talents according to the matching degree between R&D personnel and overall innovation resources, and avoid causing redundant talent investment.#br#

In order to achieve high-quality economic development in China, it is critical to promote green and low-carbon economic and social development. However, the green technology innovation of Chinese enterprises faces the problem of insufficient power in practice. Under the guidance of platform rules, embedded enterprises can use the reputation mechanism of the platform to build an effective signal transmission mechanism of product quality and honest behavior, which can effectively solve the problem of market information asymmetry and make up for the motivation insufficiency of corporate green technology innovation. However, there is no research on the impact of platform ecological embedding on enterprise green technology innovation from the perspective of signal transmission. Therefore, this study discusses the specific mechanism of platform ecological embedding in corporate green technology innovation from the perspective of signal transmission for the first time, which will provide new ideas and strategies for the theoretical research and practice of corporate green technology innovation.#br#This study collects the latest data, conducts a detailed study on the A-share industrial listed companies from 2010 to 2022, and obtains 23 676 sample observations. Platform ecological embedding is the core explanatory variable in this study, but relevant quantitative research is relatively rare;thus, the study takes the frequency of keywords related to platform ecological embeddedness as an alternative indicator of corporate platform ecological embeddedness. It uses the OLS multiple regression estimation method to empirically explore the impact and mechanism of platform ecological embedding on corporate green technology innovation, and examines the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility and industrial regulation on the relationship between platform ecological embedding and green technology innovation.〖HJ*3〗#br#It is found that, firstly, platform ecological embedding can promotes green technology innovation significantly in enterprises. Moreover, the platform ecological embedding can significantly enhance the breakthrough and incremental green technology innovation of enterprises. Secondly, for corporate green technology innovation, social responsibility enhances the positive impact of platform ecological embedding, especially in encouraging breakthrough green technology innovation. However, its impact on incremental green technology innovation is not significant. Thirdly, in industries with relatively loose regulations, the improvement of platform ecosystem embedding has a more significant driving effect on green technology innovation, especially in encouraging breakthrough green technology innovation with a higher R&D level.#br#Therefore, enterprises should utilize the platform ecosystem to improve the accuracy of enterprise decision-making, enhance information transparency to promote cooperation, enhance the learning ability to cope with uncertainty, and continuously improve the level of platform ecosystem embedding. In terms of industrial regulation, on the one hand, it is necessary to establish a policy system that combines technology innovation policies and industry policies to promote enterprises to accept marketization and digital platforms, and thus move towards high-quality development;on the other hand, the study puts forward increasing the intensity of product market competition with less strict industry regulations and enhancing the positive effect of platform ecological embedding on green technology innovation of enterprises so as to create a more favorable business environment for market competition.#br#Different from previous studies, this study uses signal transmission theory to empirically analyze the positive impact of platform ecological embedding on corporate green technology innovation, thus enriching the research viewpoints and conclusions related to platform ecological embedding, and providing theoretical reference for further driving enterprises to achieve a win-win outcome of economic and environmental benefits in the era of platform economy. Then, from the perspective of embedded enterprises, it discusses the impact of platform ecological embedding on corporate green technology innovation for the first time, with emphasis on both the signal transmission function of platform ecological embedding, and information asymmetry between embedded enterprises and other stakeholders. Thirdly, for the first time, this study explores the use of corporate social responsibility to measure signal transmission quality and industry regulation level to measure signal transmission quantity. Lastly, to fill the research void of the influence of multiple stakeholders in the platform ecology on embedded enterprises, this study explores the heterogeneous impact of signal transmission on green technology innovation in different dimensions, and provides theoretical suggestions for the application of two-dimensional green technology innovation in the field of information asymmetry.#br#

Disruptive innovation is not only an important theoretical basis for academic and industrial research on corporate leapfrogging, but also an important tool for latecomer firms to implement innovation. In the face of rich exploration at the practical level, how to drive latecomers to practice disruptive innovation is a key issue that academics need to address. To this end, scholars have explored and analyzed the antecedent conditions of disruptive innovation and high-end disruptive innovation. However, these studies have mainly focused on a single level, such as the internal organization or external environment, ignoring that disruptive innovation results from the interaction of different internal and external levels and multiple factors. #br#Thus, this paper systematically explores the impact of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on disruptive innovation in latecomer firms based on TOE theory. It systematically investigates the configurational effects among the antecedent conditions using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).Next,it constructs a research framework based on the disruptive innovation theory of latecomer firms, the TOE theory framework, and configurational theory. Further, technology structure and function are selected as antecedent variables at the technology level, organizational network, and organizational learning are selected as antecedent variables at the organizational level, market orientation and policy orientation are selected as antecedent variables at the environmental level, and "bottom-up" disruptive innovation and "top-down" disruptive innovation are selected as outcome variables. In addition, the paper makes a questionnaire survey and conducts an empirical analysis, using a sample of 149 latecomer firms, to explore the driving mode of disruptive innovation using the fsQCA method.#br#It is found that, first, disruptive innovation is the result of multi-level and multi-condition collaborative interaction, with the characteristics of "multiple concurrencies" and "different paths to the same destination." It is verified that a single antecedent condition can not be granted as a necessary condition to drive disruptive innovation and four driving modes of disruptive innovation based on the identification of disruptive emergence paths for latecomer enterprises are proposed. The "market-driven" mode and the "organizational alliance" mode drive "bottom-up" disruptive innovation in latecomers, while the "government-driven" mode and the "technology-led" mode give rise to "top-down" disruptive innovation. Second, there are complementary or alternative relationships among the technological, organizational, and environmental antecedents within the pathways that drive disruptive innovation. Further, a comparative analysis of the four pathways reveals that there are complementary technological and organizational conditions and alternative relationships between market orientation and policy orientation in promoting disruptive innovation. Finally, market orientation is an important antecedent of bottom-up disruptive innovation for latecomers, while policy orientation is an important antecedent of top-down disruptive innovation for latecomer firms.#br#From a configurational perspective, the paper systematically constructs a multi-dimensional analysis framework from technology and organization to the external environment. It focuses on the antecedents of disruptive innovation, explores the driving modes of disruptive innovation and broadens the research field of disruptive innovation. Furthermore, it draws on scholars' views on "top-down" disruptive innovation to systematically and comprehensively explore the relationship between "bottom-up" disruptive innovation and "top-down" disruptive innovation of latecomer firms. Additionally, the paper introduces the fsQCA approach to the field of antecedents of disruptive innovation, broadening the scope of application of the fsQCA approach.#br#The following research insights are drawn from the paper. On the one hand, for latecomers, there is a need to shift from a single perspective focused on internal or external aspects to a holistic organizational mindset that combines internal and external aspects. The latter should focus on the importance of organizational networks for disruptive innovation and actively expand and deepen them;meanwhile, they should adopt appropriate disruptive innovation-driven modes according to their actual situation and development status. On the other hand, the government should focus on enabling policies. The relevant government departments should focus on the strategic needs of disruptive innovation to strengthen macro guidance, especially in the face of technology bottlenecks. The government should also play a policy advantage and give policy support and form a policy synergy to promote disruptive innovation of latecomer firms.#br#

Innovation is the soul of specialized, refined, differential, and innovative (SRDI) enterprises, and organizational resilience is an important guarantee to promote the high-quality development of SRDI small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the VUCA era. Organizational resilience, as a dynamic organizational capability that helps enterprises rebound from crises and adversity, can help them respond effectively to unexpected events and recover quickly from adverse impacts, thus enabling them to achieve sustainable development. According to the theory of dynamic capabilities, firms must have the ability to adjust dynamically to changes in order to integrate internal and external resources and reorganize them so that they can better adapt to changes in the market environment, build resilient organizations, obtain and maintain competitive advantage. #br#In view of the lack of research on the micro level of enterprise innovation quality, this study aims to construct an econometric model of organizational resilience and analyze the impact of organizational resilience on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs from the perspective of enterprise innovation effect. It selects A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, with 1 274 valid observation samples obtained after screening. The explanatory variable in the model is enterprise innovation quality which is measured by two patent quality indicators, including patent knowledge breadth and number of citations. In this study, three model regressions—mixed OLS, fixed effects and random effects—are performed separately. It is found that organizational resilience has a positive effect on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs, i.e., the higher the corporate organizational resilience, the higher the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs. The study of the mechanism shows that (1) organizational resilience helps to improve the competitive position of products in the market, which in turn promotes the overall improvement of the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs;(2) enterprises with strong organizational resilience reduce financing costs, thus improving the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs;(3) organizational resilience is conducive to enhancing the overall marketization level of the industry, thereby improving the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs. The heterogeneity test finds that the effect of organizational resilience on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs is better in SOEs and large-scale enterprises. In addition, organizational resilience promotes the improvement of the quality of innovation of SRDI SMEs, which in turn stimulates the increase of firms' total factor productivity.#br#In summary, this study integrates dynamic capability theory, resource-based theory, and enterprise behavior theory to explore the impact of organizational resilience on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs,puts organizational resilience in a more complex management situation, and analyzes the application and development strategies of organizational resilience and the improvement of innovation quality of SRDI SMEs. Compared with existing literature which has focused on the influence of internal control and internal capital utilization efficiency on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs, and ignored the influence of external environmental factors on the relationship between the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs, this study chooses the indicators of product market competition status, financing constraints and marketization index to explore the "black box" between the influence of organizational resilience on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs. Moreover, the existing literature mostly adopts the total number of invention patent applications of a single enterprise or the duration of use of individual patents to measure innovation quality, which reflects the innovation capacity of an enterprise rather than its innovation quality. This study adopts two indicators of patent knowledge breadth and numbers of patent citations, enriching the literature on the measurement of innovation quality of SRDI SMEs.The findings of this study enrich the theoretical and empirical research on the innovation quality of SRDI SMEs and are of great significance for enterprises to enhance their awareness of organizational resilience, improve the quality of innovation through organizational resilience, and promote high-quality economic development.#br#

Nowadays, the service industry is playing an increasingly important role in the national economy. Companies that provide additional services tend to perform well in capturing customer value and earning excess profits, and service innovation is becoming an inherent requirement for the sustainable development of businesses. More and more service companies are embedded in the innovation network to seek service development and competitive advantages in practice, and the service innovation networks have become important carriers for companies to obtain heterogeneous knowledge and resources to carry out innovation activities. The intricate service relationship network provides an environment for companies to develop a high level of social capital and promotes the coupling and reconfiguration of heterogeneous knowledge among network nodes. Although scholars have conducted numerous studies on whether and how social capital affects innovation performance, no consensus has been reached;furthermore, there is still a lack of discussion on how corporate social capital facilitates the flow of knowledge among network nodes and generates the qualitative change process of innovation. The boundaries of knowledge in the service innovation network are blurred, and the intangibility of services makes it easier for the network members to exchange tacit knowledge, resulting in the coupling and convergence of knowledge advantages to achieve co-creation. Yet few scholars have paid attention to the particular mechanism of the role of corporate social capital on innovation performance in the context of service innovation networks.#br#Corporate social capital is a combination of scarce resources and capabilities acquired by firms embedded in their relationship networks, and it has become the key for firms to win innovation advantages. This paper classifies corporate social capital into three dimensions: structural social capital, relational social capital, and cognitive social capital. It aims to address the following questions: (1) How does corporate social capital embedded in service innovation networks affect innovation performance? (2) What is the specific internal mechanism? Following the social network theory and a knowledge-based view, the study constructs a serial mediation model of corporate social capital—knowledge flow coupling—knowledge co-creation—service innovation performance.#br#To test the hypotheses, this study selects the service companies participating in the service innovation network nationwide as the research objects and distributes 460 measurement questionnaires. The respondents are mainly middle- and senior-level managers who have in-depth knowledge of corporate strategy and performance. Finally, 405 valid samples are collected. Further, the study applies hierarchical regression analysis and the Bootstrap method to verify the hypotheses.#br#The results show that corporate social capital has a significant positive effect on service innovation performance, among which structural social capital has the strongest positive effect on service innovation performance, followed by cognitive social capital, and finally relational social capital. Knowledge flow coupling plays a mediating role between corporate social capital and service innovation performance;knowledge co-creation also has a mediating effect between corporate social capital and service innovation performance. The two play a serial mediation role in the relationship between corporate social capital and service innovation performance.#br#Different from previous studies with a focus on the product innovation network, this study centers around the service innovation network to reveal the internal mechanism through which corporate social capital influences service innovation performance, thus elucidating the continuous qualitative change process of knowledge innovation from nothing to something. Hence, this study makes some meaningful contributions. First, the research findings can strengthen the theoretical foundation of innovation networks, social capital, and service innovation. Second, it responds to the call of scholars for the study of the sub-dimensions of corporate social capital, empirically validates the crucial role of knowledge flow coupling in knowledge co-creation, and expands the study on the antecedents of service innovation performance. Last, this study provides a reference for practitioners in service companies to effectively configure social capital and give full play to knowledge efficiency to improve service innovation performance so that they can gain competitive advantages in the dynamically changing market.#br#

In the context of open innovation, external knowledge search is an important strategy for enterprises to promote innovative development and obtain core competitive advantages. Against the complexity and uncertainty of innovation activities, external knowledge search can help enterprises obtain new information, ideas, and knowledge, enhance competitive advantages, and unleash business potential. From the perspective of the external environment, enterprises need to identify market trends as early as possible, especially the driving effect of market environmental changes on external knowledge search. In organizational research, market volatility refers to the degree of uncertainty, instability, and volatility in the demand, supply, or competitive situation of products or services in a certain industry or market. This uncertainty may have an impact on organizational decision-making and behavior, therefore, the study on market volatility can help organizations better understand the market and plan more effective corporate behavior. However, previous research on this issue has been limited. Most research has taken market volatility as a moderating variable, and thus they have excessively focused on environmental factors as boundary conditions, neglecting that the external environment itself is an important antecedent of enterprise transformation.#br#There are three issues to be addressed in this article. The study first explores the antecedents of external knowledge search at the organizational level. Because the perceived market turbulence contains information from factors such as upstream and downstream of the supply chain, consumers, and policies, it takes market turbulence as the starting point. Enterprises tend to conduct external knowledge search to obtain these new information and knowledge, and innovate their products and services accordingly to obtain a first mover advantage and competitive advantage. Second, it further analyzes the mediating role of management innovation. In the integration of the rational and institutional perspectives of management innovation, it emphasizes both the legitimacy and institutionalization of the institutional perspective and the effectiveness and standardization of the rational perspective. As a strategy, the main research topic is how to establish a corresponding organizational system for external knowledge search through organizational structure, processes, and practices, break the outdated routine rigidity, and enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of external knowledge search. Third, we explain the moderating mechanism of organizational slack between perceived market turbulence and management innovation, which will help clarify how organizational slack plays a buffering role in organizational change. Considering the need for corporate transformation to balance effectiveness and legitimacy, this study integrates the rational and institutional perspectives of management innovation, explores how to establish an organizational system for external knowledge search, and make corresponding standards to institutionalize the system.#br#Through the self-reports from 120 executives in China, it is found that perceived market turbulence will indirectly affect external knowledge search through three subdimensions of management innovation: organizational structures, processes and practices. Perceived market turbulence has a positive impact on external knowledge search. Because if a company perceives market turbulence, especially changes in consumer preferences, it needs to analyze possible market contexts and implement strategies for product upgrades. While market turbulence implies the market moves of competitors, such as new product releases. Thus, the companies need to conduct external knowledge search to obtain complete information about their competitors’ new product positioning, pricing, and production industry chain to maintain competitive advantages. Therefore, its positive impact on external knowledge search is evident. Then the management innovation of organizational structure and processes plays a mediating role. There is no mediating effect in the management innovation of practice. Organizational slack moderates the positive relationship between perceived market turbulence and management innovation.#br#Finally, the theoretical contribution lies in expanding and improving the theoretical relationship between management innovation and external knowledge search;the practical implications for enterprises are that they should attach importance to market changes and carry out strategic management innovation to guide the tactical external knowledge search behavior of enterprises so as to maintain competitive advantages.#br#

With the rapid development of the knowledge economy, effective knowledge management is crucial to the development of individuals and organizations. The knowledge behavior of employees has become a critical factor in the success of an organization's knowledge management system. However, in the competitive workplace environment, employees find it difficult to share knowledge, and even engage in more and more serious knowledge destruction behavior. Some researchers have explored knowledge sabotage behavior and made some important findings, but they have ignored the impact of the leader mentality mode. Therefore, it is particularly important for an organization's knowledge management practice to clarify the internal influence mechanism of leader bottom-line mentality on employees' knowledge sabotage behavior. Previous studies on leader bottom-line mentality and employees' work-related behavior are mostly conducted from a single perspective, and research on the dual perspectives of employee cognition and affection is still limited. In addition, existing studies show that knowledge sabotage behavior reflects the self-interested perceptions and negative emotions of the perpetrators. Therefore, following the cognitive-affective system theory, this paper explores the influence mechanism of leader bottom-line mentality on employees' sabotage behavior from two pathways of employee cognition and emotion, and further discusses the role of a cooperation atmosphere. #br#In this paper, technology innovation, finance, and Internet industries are selected as respondents for the questionnaire survey. The data were collected over two time periods to avoid common method bias. In the first phase, 980 questionnaires were distributed in April 2022 to collect employee basic information and investigate employees' self-assessment of the leader bottom-line mentality and cooperation atmosphere. A total of 853 questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 87.04%. The second phase was conducted in July 2022 by administering a questionnaire to 853 employees who completed the questionnaire for the first time to investigate their self-assessment of perceived acceptability of norm violation, workplace anxiety, and knowledge sabotage behavior. The effective questionnaire response rate was 93.55% out of 798 valid questionnaires. After excluding invalid questionnaires, the questionnaires are matched according to a predetermined code, with 772 valid questionnaires being successfully matched. The software including AMOS24.0, SPSS26.0, and MPLUS8.3 is used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results show that leader bottom-line mentality triggers employees' knowledge sabotage behavior through perceived acceptability of norm violation and workplace anxiety, and perceived acceptability of norm violation exerts a stronger impact than workplace anxiety;a higher collaborative atmosphere weakens the positive connection between leader bottom-line mentality and perceived acceptability of norm violation and workplace anxiety;in addition, a higher collaborative atmosphere also alleviates the impact of leader bottom-line mentality on employees' knowledge sabotage behavior through perceived acceptability of norm violation and workplace anxiety.#br#It systematically illustrates the internal mechanisms of leader bottom-line mentality on employees' knowledge sabotage behavior. Firstly, this paper enriches the research on the antecedents of employees' knowledge sabotage behavior from the perspective of leader mentality. Secondly, the research visual of existing research on the impact of leader bottom-line mentality on employees' work-related behavior is unitary. Therefore,on the basis of the cognitive-affective system theory, this paper explores and confirms the dual driving roles of perceived acceptability of norm violation and workplace anxiety between leader bottom-line mentality and knowledge sabotage behavior. Furthermore, it combines the extremes of knowledge sabotage behavior in the Chinese context to illustrate that the cognitive path (perceived acceptability of norm violation) exerts a stronger impact than the affective path (workplace anxiety). Finally, this paper explores and confirms the moderating effect of a cooperative atmosphere between leader bottom-line mentality and knowledge sabotage behavior at the organizational context level, explaining the contexts in which leader bottom-line mentality is more likely to have an impact on knowledge sabotage behavior. By interpreting the influence mechanism of leader bottom-line mentality on employees' knowledge sabotage behavior, it provides some reference for organizations to take measures to protect employees and themselves from knowledge sabotage damage.#br#

Nowadays, the new generation of employees represented by the "post-90s" has become the backbone of enterprises, and they have become important human resources for the core competitiveness of enterprises. The new generation of "post-90s" tend to challenge convention, and question everything with innovative and critical thinking. With the changing supply and demand relationship in the labor market, they are more likely to experience a feeling of "overqualification". With the vigorous development of the digital economy, the application of emerging digital technologies in traditional fields continues to deepen, bringing enormous innovation potential and opportunities to enterprises in digital transformation. The new generation of employees is facing an "innovation paradox" , and in order to break through this barrier and the innovation bottlenecks, and give full play to their flexibility and creativity, some employees may resort to deviant methods to solve the dilemma of being "shackled", which will trigger spontaneous deviant innovation behavior. #br#Currently, most studies have focused on overqualification from a negative perspective, and believed that overqualification can easily lead to negative attitudes and behaviors, such as low job satisfaction, high turnover behavior and anti-productive behavior. However, it is worth noting that the complexity of overqualification and deviant innovation behaviors cannot be ignored. Overqualification could be a valuable resource, and it is of significance to further explore how to reduce the occurrence of negative behaviors and promote the transformation of redundant qualifications into innovative achievements through the rational allocation of resources and the induction of boundary conditions. #br#This empirical study aims to explore the influence mechanism of the new generation of employees perceived overqualification, role breadth self-efficacy and negative emotions on deviant innovation behavior in China. Following self-regulation theory and self-consistency theory, the study constructs a moderated mediation model from the perspective of individual perception and psychological motivation, with role breadth self-efficacy and negative emotions as mediator variables, and psychological security as a moderator variable. A questionnaire survey is conducted among 332 "post-90s" employees from the manufacturing industry, the Internet and the financial industry in Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, etc. The hierarchical regression and Bootstrap procedures are used to test the moderated mediating model. It is found that (1) perceived overqualification positively affects employees' deviant innovation behavior;(2) role breadth self-efficacy and negative emotions partially mediate the relationship between overqualification and deviant innovation in cognitive and emotional perspectives respectively;(3) psychological security positively moderates the relationship between role breadth self-efficacy and employee deviant innovation;(4) psychological security positively moderates the relationship between negative emotions and employee deviant innovation.#br#The theoretical contributions of this study are mainly as follows. Firstly, following the self-regulation theory, this study reveals why the new generation of overqualified employees use deviant innovation as a way to prove their qualifications, reflect their self-worth, pursue career development, and increase innovation challenges. On the basis of analyzing their psychological needs and intrinsic motivation, this study creatively integrates ability, willingness and boldness into the same model. Secondly, this study focuses on the complexity of overqualification and deviant innovation behavior. It incorporates two seemingly contradictory but actually parallel perspectives, i.e., role breadth self-efficacy and negative emotions, into the theoretical model. It then integrates the generation and action paths of positive and negative aspects, which can not only depict the complexity of overqualification, but also coincide with the characteristics of deviant innovation with both "loyalty" and "rebellion". Thirdly, this study constructs a moderated mediation model by introducing psychological security, clarifying the boundary of the mechanism between overqualification and deviant innovation behavior. With the continuous changes and development of the internal and external environment, it is extremely important for employees to be bold when facing opportunities and challenges, especially when deviant innovation is highly risky and uncertain. Therefore, this study introduces this perception of environmental safety as a moderate variable in innovation. From the perspective of boldness, it provides an explanation mechanism that can transform supportive perceptions into specific innovative behaviors, helping to understand the behavioral tendencies of employees responding to different stimuli.#br#

The industry-university-research (IUR) deep integration innovation consortium represents the most recent manifestation of China's IUR practice, showcasing a profound embodiment of Chinese-style innovation within the IUR field. Compared to conventional models of IUR collaborative innovation, the IUR deep integration innovation consortium efficiently spans the entire innovation chain from fundamental research to product commercialization, thereby serving as a vital response to the practical necessity and imperative demand for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and propelling the economy toward high-quality growth. However, current related research on IUR deep integration innovation consortium is still in its early stages, exhibiting fragmented and disorganized features. Thus it is theoretically and practically important to construct a comprehensive research framework on IUR deep integration innovation consortium to analyze its concept, characteristics, types and pathways to advancement.#br#In light of this context, this paper takes the new practical phenomenon of IUR deep integration innovation consortium in China as a focal point and theoretically builds an integrative research framework following the analytical model of "concept derivation—feature type—promotion path". Specifically, this paper first outlines the policy evolution process and overall research context of the IUR deep integration innovation consortium, which clarifies the connotation and extension of the concept of the IUR deep integration innovation consortium. Secondly, it summarizes the unique characteristics of IUR deep integration innovation consortium and categorizes four typical types of IUR deep integration innovation consortium from the perspective of leading organizations. Thirdly, grounded in the requirements of high-quality development in the Chinese new era, this paper puts forward several corresponding strategies and recommendations for promoting the construction of the IUR innovation consortium and constructs an integrated research framework for the IUR deep integration innovation consortium.#br#It is concluded that, firstly, the IUR deep integration innovation consortium is a resource-sharing, benefits-sharing, risk-sharing, and mutually-benefiting independent legal entity or a research entity or an educational entity jointly established by enterprises, universities, and research institutions, aiming at overcoming technology bottlenecks, addressing significant technological challenges, and resolving industry-specific common technical issues. According to market-oriented principles and equitable equity distribution, each of the enterprises, universities, and research institutions contributes a certain proportion of resources to establish the IUR deep integration innovation consortium. Secondly, compared to general innovation consortiums, the IUR deep integration innovation consortium exhibits six distinct characteristics, namely goal-orientedness, self-organization, benefit-sharing, diverse innovation stakeholders, complementary innovation elements, and seamless integration of the innovation chain. It effectively transcends the organizational boundaries of various innovation stakeholders, interconnects different segments of the innovation and industry chains, and fosters synergy among them. Thirdly, from the perspective of leading organizations, IUR deep integration innovation consortium can be categorized into four fundamental types: government-led consortium, university-led consortium, research institution-led consortium, and enterprise-led consortium. Fourthly, the fundamental strategies for advancing the establishment of IUR deep integration innovation consortiums involve clarifying the directional role of government in guiding consortium establishment, leveraging the market's decisive role in fostering consortium, striking a balance between market and government, establishing systematic mechanisms for classifying, guiding, and managing consortium, establishing a market-oriented novel organizational model for consortium, and continually deepening innovations in institutional mechanisms for consortium.#br#This paper contributes to current research in two ways. It first expands the research related to IUR deep integration by focusing the macro-level policy recommendations of IUR deep integration on the micro-level practice of establishing consortium, and addresses the domestic academic community's call for exploring the micro-foundation of the "technological innovation system of IUR deep integration in China". Moreover, this paper advances the research related to innovation consortiums by delving into their concept, typologies, and construction of deep integration innovation consortium, which provides a comprehensive theoretical exposition transitioning from "what to build" to "how to build".#br#

Innovation is the primary driving force of development,and it plays an important role in coping with internal and external challenges and achieving long-term sustainable development,yet only high patent output or prominence in one aspect may not necessarily be stronger in overall innovation. Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the overall innovation ability of the city from a more comprehensive perspective. The innovation value chain highlights the structure and complexity of the process of transforming knowledge into business value,and emphasizes the role of labor,capital and skills in the process of value creation. Because of its integrity and continuity,more and more studies regard it as a research framework for comprehensive evaluation of innovation performance. Previous research has mainly discussed the supporting factors of innovation efficiency in a certain process of the innovation value chain,but with regards to the organization of urban internal economic entities and the spatial structure between cities,few studies have concentrated on the causal relationship between urban polycentric spatial structure and innovation efficiency,and the causal relationship between urban polycentric spatial structure and innovation value chain efficiency is seldom touched. The spatial structure is the result of the distribution of agglomeration economy in different regions. The cost and benefit of agglomeration economy affect the regional spatial layout,forming monocentric and polycentric spatial structures. However,it has been controversial if monocentric spatial structure or polycentric spatial structure is more effective in dominating the future of a city. From the perspective of innovation value chain efficiency,this study explores which spatial structure is more conducive to urban growth momentum,innovation and long-term high-quality development,so as to reasonably optimize the urban internal and external spatial structures.#br#On the basis of existing research,this study constructs a theoretical framework of co-evolution between urban polycentric spatial structure and innovation value chain efficiency. It uses the matching data of light intensity in the nighttime and urban economic indicators to empirically test the effects and mechanisms of urban internal and external polycentric spatial structure on innovation value chain efficiency. Firstly,the two-stage innovation value chain model is extended to a three-stage innovation value chain model at the city level. The whole innovation process is characterized by knowledge innovation,R&D innovation and production innovation. The innovation efficiency in three-stage input-output is used to measure the innovation value chain efficiency by using the coupling coordination model. Secondly,from the perspective of morphological polycentricity,the data of light intensity??in the nighttime is used to calculate the polycentric spatial structure indexes in cities and between cities more objectively,and then the study explores the impact effect,spatio-temporal heterogeneity,transmission path and mechanism of the urban polycentric spatial structure on innovation value chain efficiency. Finally,the development performance of internal polycentric spatial structure is affected by the agglomeration scale,and the development performance of external polycentric spatial structure is affected by the borrow scale. Therefore,this paper further analyzes the differences between the effects of polycentric spatial structure on innovation value chain efficiency under the adjustment of agglomeration scale from the perspective of agglomeration economy and borrowing scale.#br#The findings suggest that the effect of urban internal polycentric spatial structure on innovation value chain efficiency is a U-shaped nonlinear relationship of inhibition and promotion,while the effect of urban external polycentric spatial structure on innovation value chain efficiency is promotive. There are spatial location heterogeneity and city scale heterogeneity of the influence of polycentric spatial structure on innovation value chain efficiency,and the transmission path of its influence on innovation value chain efficiency in each stage is different. The internal polycentric spatial structure can affect innovation value chain efficiency through the mechanism of allocation efficiency. The external polycentric spatial structure can improve innovation value chain efficiency through cooperation and sharing mechanism. Local agglomeration scale and overall agglomeration scale play negative moderating effects on the relationship between internal polycentric spatial structure and innovation value chain efficiency. Performance scale borrowing has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between external polycentric spatial structure and innovation value chain efficiency,while function scale borrowing has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between external polycentric spatial structure and innovation value chain efficiency.#br#

Greenization represents a prominent trend in ecological development,with green technology innovation serving as a critical avenue for sustainable progress in firms. In the industry of water environmental governance,firms face significant pressure to iterate their technological capabilities and align with market demands. Small firms,lacking access to substantial resources and capabilities,often rely on cooperation with larger firms to establish asymmetric technology alliances. However,such alliances can result in power differentials and status asymmetries,ultimately leading to contradictions in value creation and appropriation. Effective management of these contradictions through value integration has become a critical challenge for realizing coordinated development in the creation and appropriation of value. Because over 80% of water environment governance firms are small firms with limited access to resources controlled by larger firms,the ability to collaborate and derive expected benefits is key to their survival and growth.#br#Through a multiple-case study of four small water environment governance firms,this study examines the strategic selection of value integration mechanisms for asymmetric technology alliances. Drawing upon a comprehensive research framework based on resource dependence theory,resource-based theory,and resource orchestration theory,this study employs a universal analysis logic of "motivation-behavior-result" and constructs an overall model of the value integration mechanism for asymmetric technology alliances.#br#This study initially analyzes the cooperation modes of asymmetric technology alliances by examining small firm partner selection and cooperation mechanisms along two dimensions. Specifically,it identifies four distinct cooperation modes: beachhead,pipeline,plate,and parachute. The research findings suggest that partner selection exhibits the characteristics of continuity,which expands the hypothesis and scope of application regarding partner selection focus. According to the investigation of the impact of cooperation modes on the value integration mechanism of asymmetric technology alliances,the study reveals that the alliance value integration mechanism can be categorized into three types: common value creation,common value appropriation,and dual value appropriation. Furthermore,the selection of partners and the cooperation mechanism jointly influence the value integration of alliance. The study finds that small firms can achieve common value creation by prioritizing market-oriented partners and engaging in organizational learning;while relationship-oriented partner selection and relationship investment can lead to common value appropriation;adopting both market-oriented and relationship-oriented partner selection and engaging in both organizational learning and relationship investment can bring dual value appropriation. The relationship between partner selection and cooperation mechanisms is unique in asymmetric situations,and the alliance value integration mechanism is mapped based on this relationship. It is also revealed that small firms' selection priorities for partners are associated with different resource appropriation motives. Specifically,small firms tend to prioritize market-oriented partners to acquire knowledge and information resources. Conversely,they tend to choose relationship-oriented partners to obtain financial and human resources.#br#The primary theoretical contribution of this paper is the development of a theoretical model for the formation of value integration mechanisms in asymmetric technology alliances. This model has significant theoretical implications for small firms seeking to comprehend the inherent tensions between value creation and value appropriation,grasp the factors that shape value integration mechanisms in such alliances,and establish mechanisms for dual value appropriation that facilitate the coordinated development of value creation and appropriation. First of all,this study expands the theoretical explanation of resource dependence theory on the diversity of types of interaction between organizations and the external environment,responding to the call of organizational theory for hybrid organizational structure and practical exploration. Then,by building a comprehensive and diversified cooperation platform to enhance the enterprise's scalability,it helps to achieve a harmonious coexistence between creating competitive advantages and green technology innovation. Lastly,it has opened up the black box of the relationship between resources,capabilities,and value creation.#br#The practical implications for small firms are that it is essential to attach importance to acquiring information and human resources in the process of partner selection,and they should be adept at using relationship investment to solve the difficulties faced by organizational learning processes,improve the matching degree between partner selection and cooperation mechanisms,and achieve dual value appropriation in asymmetric technology alliances.#br#

Given the large scale of public procurement and its significant share in aggregate demand,the reform of public procurement mode is a topic that has long been concerned by academia,political circles and the public. Public procurement mode is the sum of the behavioral constraints of public procurement participants under the relevant legal framework in a country or region,and it limits the behavioral space of relevant subjects and has an important effect on the policy value of public procurement to drive innovation. In recent years,a group of innovation-oriented public procurement (PPI) practices have been widely carried out in many countries. However,the implementation effect falls short of the expected goal due to the lack of innovation-friendly procurement processes and their application. The research on public procurement mode and innovation mainly involves PPI and public procurement mode reform. In terms of the research on PPI,scholars have systematically conceptualized PPI and provided empirical evidence for the impact of public procurement on innovation. However,the study on the implementation and effective promotion mechanism of PPI is still in its infancy. In terms of the reform of public procurement mode,there are few studies on the relationship between the public procurement mode and innovation,as well as the specific conditions under which the public procurement mode drives or hinders innovation. Even less research has been done to promote the shift from an innovation-neutral procurement mode to an innovation-friendly one. Thus,this paper discusses how to optimize the design of public procurement mode to improve its innovation friendliness so as to release the potential policy value of public procurement in innovation-driven aspects,and accelerate the implementation and promotion of PPI in China.#br#From the perspectives of open innovation and the basic principles of PPI,this paper explores the internal mechanism of how public procurement mode affects suppliers' innovative responses in the Chinese context,and conducts an empirical analysis based on questionnaire survey data with Shaanxi Province as an example. First,it clearly defines the public procurement mode and its design connotation. Then,from the perspective of open innovation by suppliers,the key factors affecting the innovative response of suppliers in the process of public procurement are systematically identified,the theoretical framework is constructed,and the research hypotheses are proposed. Next,on the basis of the investigation into the suppliers who have participated in PPI projects,a set of ordered Probit models is constructed for empirical analysis. Finally,the empirical analysis results are summarized,and then the countermeasures are put forward according to the application situation of PPI in China.#br#The empirical analysis results show that (1) the design of the current public procurement mode presents an innovation neutral feature;(2) demand expression,pre-bidding dialogue,procurement digitization,demand intensity,demand overlap degree and application information feedback have significant positive effects on suppliers' innovative response;(3) embedding the above six factors into the relevant public procurement system can improve the innovation-friendliness of Chinese public procurement mode;(4) in order to fully release the innovation-driven policy potential of public procurement,it is necessary to classify China′s public procurement mode into four types: conventional centralized procurement,conventional decentralized procurement,innovation-oriented centralized procurement and innovation-oriented decentralized procurement.#br#It is suggested that the government should first introduce innovation in the procurement preparation stage,including expanding the scale of innovative procurement,introducing competitive dialogue,and improving the innovative procurement capacity of public organizations. Second,it is necessary to embed innovation in the bidding evaluation and contract awarding processes,including optimizing technical specifications,innovating procurement evaluation standards,and improving the function of digital technology in promoting communication between supply and demand. Third,the government should optimize the innovation incentive structure and risk management in procurement implementation and management,including optimizing the IPR distribution mechanism,introducing performance contracts,and establishing a fault-tolerant mechanism for public organizations' innovative procurement.#br#In summary,this paper reveals the internal mechanism of how public procurement mode affects suppliers' innovative response and deepens the understanding of the micro mechanism of PPI;meanwhile,it classifies the public procurement mode,which provides a possible new perspective for optimizing the public procurement mode design.#br#

In a dynamic world,innovation has become a necessary choice for enterprise development. Internal R&D and external technology acquisition are two main ways for enterprises to improve innovation performance. However,enterprises are confronted with the practical problem of how to choose between internal R&D and external technology acquisition in the process of technological innovation. Different enterprises may choose various innovation paths. Internal R&D and external technology acquisition can be coordinated to achieve innovation. Most enterprises in China and other emerging markets are in the initial stage of development,with limited scale and relatively weak resources and technical foundations. Enterprises need to figure out how to allocate limited resources between two innovation activities,and make reasonable arrangements in terms of time between internal R&D and external technology acquisition.#br#Research on internal R&D and external technology acquisition focuses more on the complementary or alternative relationship and the difference in their impact on innovation performance,but there is inadequate attention paid to the sequential selection between the two kinds of innovation activities from a dynamic perspective. As open innovation has been widely recognized,the separate importance of internal R&D and external technology acquisition has been reflected. Yet simultaneous or time-paced strategic arrangements from a time perspective should be the focus of research. In addition,research based on the resource-based view mostly focuses on the positive impact of resources,but it lacks reflection on the burden or constraints of resources on decision-making and executives′ attention. What′s more,in the existing literature,the research on knowledge reorganization ability is mostly carried out using qualitative research methods and a few questionnaire survey methods.#br#This study selects the Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2021 as research samples. Their enterprise patent applications,internal research and development,and financial data are sourced from the CSMAR database,while external technology acquisition data is sourced from the Zephyr database. After data screening,the annual panel data of 15 479 enterprises in 1424 Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2021 is obtained. It takes the innovation performance of enterprises as the explained variable,and the patent application volume of the enterprises is selected to measure the innovation performance of the enterprise;the explanatory variables are sequential innovation strategy,including both simultaneous innovation strategy and time-paced innovation strategy. Then the study dynamically explores the impact of simultaneous innovation strategy and time-paced innovation strategy on firm innovation performance from the perspective of knowledge reorganization ability.#br#The results show that simultaneous innovation strategy is not conducive to improving innovation performance,while time-paced innovation strategy significantly promotes innovation performance;the time-paced innovation strategy of internal R&D before external technology acquisition has a more significant role in improving innovation performance;knowledge reorganization ability slows down the positive effect between time-paced innovation strategy and innovation performance.#br#Compared with previous studies,the theoretical contributions and innovations of this study are mainly reflected in three aspects. At first,this study fills a theoretical gap in the research on the dynamic relationship between internal R&D and external technology acquisition in enterprises. By extending the time dimension from the previous static relationship discussion,it analyzes the problem of simultaneous or time-paced selection between the two kinds of activities,and expands the time boundary of related research. Second,this study expands the application of knowledge reorganization theory in the field of innovation strategy selection. It is a dynamic process from acquisition to utilization of resources. No matter whether it is for the knowledge accumulated inside the enterprise or the new knowledge acquired outside,enterprises need to carry out internal transformation. This study focuses on the transformation of firm resources into innovation performance and discusses the role of knowledge reorganization ability in this process. Third,this study complements the empirical research of firms on the strategic choice between internal R&D and external technology acquisition and knowledge reorganization ability.#br#

With the rapid development of emerging digital technologies such as cloud computing,the Internet of Things,big data,and artificial intelligence,the innovation of manufacturing enterprises has produced a new paradigm—digital innovation,and it refers to the application of emerging digital technologies and data elements in the innovation process and innovation results of enterprises,including bringing about improvements in production processes,developing new forms of smart products,providing new digital services,and generating digital business models. So more and more manufacturing companies at home and abroad are vigorously implementing digital innovation,such as Midea Group and Tesla,and they have widely applied emerging digital technologies to their process innovation,product innovation and service innovation. #br#However,there is scant theoretical research in academia to deeply discuss how digital innovation in manufacturing enterprises can improve enterprise performance. The "black box" in which digital innovation affects firm performance is worthy of further exploration. In general,the current research on digital innovation and firm performance is relatively general and superficial,because the concept of digital innovation has not been classified,and the different pathways through which digital innovation affects corporate performance have not been clarified. In addition,there is a lack of research about the dynamics of digital investment in the process of digital innovation. The theoretical gaps above laid the foundation for this study.#br#Therefore,this paper aims to explore the process mechanism of digital innovation in manufacturing enterprises to promote firm performance. Then it divides digital innovation into three types: efficiency-type,novelty-type,and convergence-type,and classifies digital capabilities into three dimensions: digital synergy capability,digital innovation diffusion capability,and digital value-added capability. And this article proposes three paths of "synergy effect","diffusion effect" and "value-added effect" of digital innovation affecting firm performance. Following the logic framework of "innovation behavior - capability evolution - performance results",taking 251 Chinese manufacturing enterprises as the survey samples,through theoretical analysis and empirical testing,the following conclusions are drawn: (1) digital innovation can significantly improve enterprise performance;(2) digital innovation can promote the improvement of enterprise performance by promoting the reconfiguration of digital capabilities;(3) different types of key digital capabilities play an mediating role between digital innovation and enterprise performance;specifically,digital diffusion capability plays a mediating role between novelty-type digital innovation and enterprise performance,and digital value-added capability plays an intermediary role between convergence-type digital innovation and enterprise performance;(4) the persistence of digital investment plays an important role in the process of enterprise digital innovation,which can positively moderate the relationship between digital innovation and enterprise performance,as well as the relationship between digital innovation and digital capabilities. In addition,it also positively moderates the relationship between efficiency-type digital innovation and digital synergy capability.#br#Different from the single-dimensional general research on the emerging concept of digital innovation in the previous literature,this paper divides digital innovation into three types of multi-dimensional research involving efficiency,novelty and convergence,which has important theoretical significance for understanding the digital innovation behavior of manufacturing enterprises. Moreover,systematically constructs the process mechanism of digital innovation to promote corporate performance from the perspective of digital capability,and opens the "black box" of the relationship between the two. It further argues that different types of digital innovation can promote different types of digital capability and proposes three paths of "synergy effect","diffusion effect" and "value-added effect" of digital innovation affecting firm performance. This result has advanced the theoretical research on digital innovation. Last but not the least,the study introduces the context variable of the persistence of digital investment to the digital innovation research,which makes up for the lack of research on the dynamic dimension of digital investment in the existing research,further highlights the long-term effect of digital innovation in manufacturing enterprises,and enriches the theory of digital innovation. In summary,this paper provides theoretical guidance and practical inspiration for manufacturing companies to successfully carry out digital innovation.#br#

With global population growth,the conflict between development and the environment is intensifying,leading to pollution,global warming,resource depletion,and the loss of biodiversity,hindering sustainable development. As for China,there are structural,fundamental,and sustained pressures on its ecological conservation and environmental protection. As China's economic and social progress has entered a phase of ever-accelerating green and low-carbon high-quality development,ecological conservation is still under multiple pressures and has great difficulty.#br#Thus,environmental protection is crucial for sustainable development,especially for businesses,as it impacts their interests,national economic growth and reputation. It is imperative for corporates to take into consideration social,environmental,and governance sustainability while pursuing profits. As a result,more and more businesses are incorporating environmental,social,and governance (ESG) into their mainstream activities. In 2022,over half of the A-share listed companies in China reported on ESG. The present academic discussions focus on how businesses can achieve sustainable development goals and encourage ESG participation. The impact of economic growth on environmental quality largely depends on technological advancement,with digital technology playing a key role. Digitalization can also offer a number of approaches to conserve resources,optimize operations and enhance adaptability and competitiveness,which is significant for ESG participation. Current research falls into two categories:some scholars have examined the impact of digitalization on environmental,social,and innovation performance;while others have investigated intermediate variables between digitalization and ESG performance. However,existing studies often overlook the role of the heterogeneous structures of the top management team in the relationship between digitalization and corporate sustainability. Some questions that arise from the research deficiencies are listed:How does the level of digitalization in enterprises affect their ESG? If there is a significant correlation between the two,is their relationship linear or nonlinear? Will the differences in the heterogeneity structure of executive teams change this relationship?#br#In resource-based theory,digital technology is considered a new key economic resource,and corporate digital transformation involves using digital technologies and intelligent devices to improve business processes,enhance quality and efficiency,and ultimately increase stakeholder welfare. Concurrently,the TMT heterogeneity,as per Upper Echelons Theory,has a significant influence on corporate strategic decisions and the ability to obtain information and resources from diverse perspectives,thus affecting the relationship between digital transformation and ESG performance. This study uses Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010-2021 as a sample and employs text analysis to measure the digitalization level index and its correlation with ESG ratings from the Hua Zheng database. It further explores how digital transformation affects corporate ESG performance and examines the moderating effect of TMT heterogeneity on the relationship between digitalization and ESG performance.#br#The study's findings indicate that (1) digital transformation significantly enhances a company's environmental and social performance scores,showing an inverted U-shaped relationship with corporate governance,with notable differences across ownership types and industries;(2) heterogeneity in the TMT mitigates the marginal effect of digitalization on corporate governance,resulting in a flatter curve,aiding in the organic integration of economic,social,and environmental benefits;(3) further heterogeneity tests reveal significant variations in the impact of digital transformation among different ownership types (e.g.,state-owned vs. private) and industries (e.g.,heavily polluting vs. non-heavily polluting).#br#This study constructs a theoretical framework for corporate digital transformation-ESG performance with TMT heterogeneity as a moderating variable. It examines not only how a corporate digitalization level affects ESG performance but also the impact of TMT heterogeneous structure on this relationship. It is therefore stressed that the government should provide special support for the digital transformation of private enterprises so that they do not fall behind in digital transformation;meanwhile,it is essential to ensure the flexibility and adaptability of policies to better meet the special needs of the industry. This study expands the research scope on the influence of digital technology on corporate behavior,provides theoretical and practical guidance for micro-economic entities to achieve sustainable development and enhance competitiveness in the digital era,and offers significant insights for policymakers and academia.#br#

Supply chain digitalization is a crucial opportunity for China's industrial clusters to integrate their supply chains and innovation chains. However,enterprises in China face challenges such as barriers to information and knowledge exchange and a lack of feedback mechanisms across production,distribution and sales processes. These challenges increase the uncertainty and risk of enterprise innovation. In the context of trade wars and anti-globalization,sharing innovation resources and information between Chinese enterprises and their upstream and downstream partners is the most important task. For enterprises,digital technologies in the supply chain reshape business processes,synergy mechanisms,organizational forms and value orientation. For China,supply chain digitalization accelerates the establishment of a "dual circulation" development pattern in which the domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while the international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement. In order to promote China's path to modernization,it is of great theoretical and practical significances to study the economic effects of supply chain digitalization,which has been an important topic of academic attention in recent years.#br#The existing studies have demonstrated that supply chain digitalization can not only help traditional enterprises monitor logistics but also determine product flow,smooth information flow,and trace capital flow. However,the existing studies have not yet made a useful attempt to explore more scientific and planned quantitative methods for supply chain digitalization,and the research methods of most of the scholars focus on qualitative research and theoretical exploration. It remains a" black box" to be explored whether supply chain digitalization can help enterprises innovate. This paper argues that supply chain digitalization builds an open innovation platform for enterprises to promote enterprise innovation. Within the open innovation platform,the relationship between the firm and its supply chain partners affects the firm's innovation,which in turn leads to a decrease in the marginal effect of supply chain digitization. Then this paper focuses on the following three parts to expand the theoretical boundaries of supply chain digitization and open innovation and proposes corresponding conclusions and countermeasures based on the relevant contents. The first part examines the marginal contribution of supply chain digitalization to firm innovation. The second part discusses the channels of action of both. The third part further examines the heterogeneous impact,innovation synergies and innovation spillover effects of supply chain digitalization.#br#Therefore,this paper uses the panel data consisting of 15 892 samples including Chinese A-share listed companies,spanning the period from 2008 to 2021. It constructs a supply chain digitization index for internal organizations using the TF-IDF formula and Python text mining technology to empirically test the non-linear relationship between supply chain digitization and corporate innovation. Then,it identifies and tests the mechanisms of supply chain heterogeneity,using open innovation theory as a clue. Second,among different firm types,this paper discusses the differential impact of supply chain digitization. Finally,this paper constructs three other supply chain digitization indicators and tests their impact on innovation separately.#br#The conclusions of this paper are as follows. First,the relationship between supply chain digitalization and enterprise innovation shows an inverted U-shape. This conclusion still remains valid after the robustness tests and the U test. Among the sub-indicators of supply chain digitalization,logistics digitalization,product flow digitalization and information flow digitalization have significant inverted U impact. But capital flow digitalization has a significant linear positive impact. Second,supply chain heterogeneity is an important channel for the marginal reduction of the impact of supply chain digitalization on enterprise innovation. Third,further research finds that the impact of supply chain digitalization on enterprise innovation will be more prominent among enterprises with strong absorption capacity and low supply chain discourse power. In addition,the innovation synergy of supply chain digitalization across inter-organization and the innovation spillover effects of supply chain digitalization across inter-industry can also promote enterprise innovation. This paper clarifies the intrinsic link between supply chain digitalization and innovation,which has important theoretical significance and practical enlightenment for the development of supply chain digitalization,the improvement of innovation efficiency,the promotion of high-quality development,and the development of open innovation theory.#br#

With the rapid development of digital intelligence technology,the transformation of digital intelligence has become an inevitable choice for the development of manufacturing enterprises in the era of the digital economy. In this context,the ability to integrate digital intelligence technology and other resources of the enterprise has become the key to gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Companies need to use digital intelligence technology to integrate digital intelligence production factors into the way they do business and transform digital intelligence production factors into digital intelligence capabilities. However,due to the lack of directional guidance for the construction of digital intelligence capability,some manufacturing enterprises are caught in the dilemma of "not transforming and waiting for death,or seeking death through transformation" ,and it is urgent to carry out in-depth research on the connotation and structure of digital intelligence capability from an academic point of view.#br#Following the dynamic resource-based view and the similar concept of digital intelligence capability,this paper defines the digital intelligence capability of manufacturing enterprises as the innovative capability of manufacturing enterprises to integrate and apply digital intelligence technologies such as big data,cloud computing and artificial intelligence in their R&D,production and sales activities,and to realize the digital intelligence of production and operation through the connection and configuration of internal and external resources such as digital intelligence technologies and data and information. Then,it explores the structural dimensions of digital intelligence capabilities of manufacturing companies using the qualitative research method of grounded theory and develops its scale. The paper follows the sampling principles of qualitative research to select the sample and conducts semi-structured interviews with 31 middle and senior managers and 23 employees from the selected manufacturing companies. The obtained textual information is tested by open coding,axial coding and selective coding,as well as theoretical saturation,and it is concluded that the digital intelligence capability of manufacturing enterprises consists of three dimensions: production intelligence capability,digital intelligence operation capability and digital intelligence connection capability. Finally,the initial scale of 19 measurement items is developed based on the connotations of each dimension. Drawing on the existing literature,the study revises the initial scale according to the experts' opinions. It strictly follows the scale development steps and constructs a digital intelligence capability index system consisting of 3 dimensions and 16 questions based on exploratory factor analysis for manufacturing enterprises. Through quantitative analysis of reliability and validity tests,the study confirms the good discriminant and convergent validity of the scale.#br#Different from the existing literature,this study clarifies the connotation and extension of digital intelligence capabilities in manufacturing enterprises through an in-depth interpretation of digital intelligence capabilities from a dynamic resource-based perspective and on the basis of comparison with other related concepts. Furthermore,grounded theory is used to dig deeper into the structural dimensions of digital intelligence capabilities,bridging the gap for previous studies merely focused on similar conceptual dimensions of numerical intelligence capabilities. It highlights that,compared to the digital capability,the digital intelligence capability pays more attention to the ecological scale of the industry chain and the depth of cooperation between enterprises,which expands the boundaries of the concept of enterprise digital intelligence capability. Finally,the digital intelligence capability scale for manufacturing companies developed in this study provides an effective measurement tool for the quantitative study of companies' digital intelligence capabilities. The development of this scale makes up for the shortcomings of the previous quantitative research on numerical intelligence ability,promotes the transformation of numerical intelligence ability from conceptual discussion to empirical research,lays a good foundation for further research on the paths and mechanisms of numerical intelligence ability enhancement,and promotes in-depth research on digital intelligence capability.#br#

Since 2010,China has taken a series of measures,including patent subsidies,tax relief and other policies,to encourage patent applications,which has triggered an explosive increase in patent applications. Among them,the number of applications in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in China has ranked first in the world for three consecutive years. However,the investment in R&D compared to the increase in patent applications has not increased significantly in recent years,which leads to the decline in investment in unit patent applications. Reducing the cost of patent applications through subsidies may stimulate the application of low-quality patents,thus damaging the overall quality of Chinese patents.#br#In order to explore the real level of patent quality in China,this paper puts forward an improved transnational patent quality measurement model based on the Patent Cooperation Treaty. Three kinds of citation indexes,foreign citation,domestic citation and self-citation are weighted based on the regression analysis method,which corrects the influence of "citation inflation" on patent quality measurement to some extent. Meanwhile,this paper also measures the patent quality level of the overall and subdivided fields of China's high-tech,which is helpful for policy makers to more accurately understand the relevant technology development level of China's high-tech field,identify the gap between China and the technologically developed countries,and provide references for the formulation and implementation of innovation incentive policies (such as patent subsidies and tax incentives). Finally,according to the research at the enterprise-level,this paper explores the real decision-making motivation and potential driving mechanism of high-tech enterprises to take technological innovation actions,and provides new ideas and experience for the development of high-tech enterprises.#br#The main conclusions of this paper are drawn. (1) The results of patent quality measurement show that the patent quality of high-tech fields in China has been rising continuously in recent years,but there is still a big gap between China and the world's leading powers,and the patent quality level in all high-tech fields in China is only one third of the non-China quality benchmark,and there is still a great deal of room for improvement. (2) The results of industry heterogeneity analysis show that the patent quality of eight kinds of subdivided high-tech fields is at a low level. Specifically,the patent quality level in the fields of new energy and energy-saving technology and resources and environment technology is relatively high,while the innovation level in the fields of electronic information technology,biology and new medical technology is relatively backward,which needs to be focused on and supported in the future. (3) The results of regression analysis show that the core explanatory variables are obviously significant,indicating that the index constructed in this paper can effectively measure the patent quality in China,and this conclusion is still valid after a series of endogenous tests and robustness tests.#br#The following suggestions are proposed in accordance with the research findings. First,the government should further improve the patent management system,strengthen the core awareness of patent quality,and reduce the number of low-quality and inefficient patent applications;second,the high-tech industry should establish a patent quality assessment system,regularly evaluate the patent strength and quality of each enterprise,and encourage enterprises to improve the technical content of patents;finally,high-tech enterprises should strengthen the introduction and absorption of cutting-edge technology,improve the ability of technological innovation,and lead the development of the industry with technological innovation.#br#The drawbacks of the study are that,first of all,this paper only selects the high-tech field as the measurement object of patent quality,and future research can expand the investigation object to other industries and fields,so as to achieve a comprehensive measurement of the innovation level in various fields in China;second,the patent quality index constructed in this paper is only applicable to PCT patents,and it cannot measure the patent quality of enterprises that have not applied for patents in the PCT system.#br#