In order to achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, it is essential to explore the factors that enhance technological self-reliance and self-improvement, this study develops a comprehensive framework using grounded theory and the Delphi method. The conception of technological self-reliance and self-improvement is crucial for the framework of an open system. It calls for a balance between integrating into global innovation networks and maintaining strategic autonomy, and aims to promote active engagement and competitive participation in the global market by leveraging and enhancing local innovative capabilities. The ultimate goal of technological self-reliance and self-improvement is a comprehensive advancement in technology that merges both the manifest and latent capabilities of local entities, propelling them towards greater strategic initiatives, controllability, and competitive advantage on a global scale.
The study begins by defining the concepts of technological self-reliance and self-improvement through a review of existing literature. Technological self-reliance is understood to encompass two interrelated dimensions: technological independence and technological empowerment. Technological independence is about achieving innovation self-sufficiency, emphasizing the development of domestic capabilities to ensure autonomy and security within industrial and supply chains; in contrast, technological empowerment focuses on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of technology, advocating for improvements in the quality of technological innovations that can lead to and support high-quality development.
Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is considered an effective method for visualizing complex causal relationships within the system. Using graph theory and matrix calculations, the study assesses the centrality and causality of various factors. The analysis reveals that strategic and governance elements, such as the implementation of innovation-driven strategies and the modernization of governance frameworks, significantly influence the system. These elements are vital in bolstering the national system′s ability to pursue and achieve technological advancements. ISM is employed to create a layered hierarchical structure for these factors, showing how some act as foundational while others operate at intermediate or strategic levels. The identified olive-shaped structure, featuring a robust middle layer filled with intermediary mechanisms, facilitates dynamic interactions across levels. This structural complexity is especially beneficial in areas like national technology sectors, which are characterized by numerous levels of interaction and feedback loops. The MICMAC application was instrumental in classifying these factors based on their roles as drivers or dependents within the system. This classification aids stakeholders in understanding which factors are likely to influence others and which are more susceptible, thus providing a strategic map for policy development and resource allocation. To validate the integrated system model, the study analyzes the development of China′s Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler technology. This technology marks a significant progression in energy efficiency and emission reduction. The successful deployment and scaling of CFB technology not only underscore the effectiveness of the strategic factors identified but also demonstrate the model′s validity. This highlights how structured innovation governance and strategic initiatives are crucial in fostering technological self-reliance.
〖HJ*3〗The enriched theoretical framework developed through this study significantly advances the understanding of the determinants fostering technological self-reliance and self-improvement and provides practical guidance for both policymakers and industry leaders. The research underscores the critical role of modernizing governance structures in science and technology innovation as pivotal for achieving technological self-reliance and enhancement, reflecting China′s long-standing endeavors in technological progression. It stresses that refining these governance systems is essential for expediting this advancement. Moreover, the analysis draws attention to the vulnerability of strategic technological initiatives to systemic disturbances, suggesting that the success of such projects hinges on meticulous monitoring of both the initiatives themselves and the contextual factors that influence them. Furthermore, the study reveals that the capacity for innovation leadership in the context of technological catch-up is intricately dependent on a multitude of interconnected factors, highlighting the complexity involved in nurturing such capabilities within a dynamic and integrated system. This comprehensive analysis delivers insightful revelations on the complex nature of building and sustaining technological strength and autonomy, offering a valuable perspective for nations pursuing technological independence and global innovation leadership. These insights are instrumental in shaping strategies that effectively bolster and refine technological ecosystems.