As a strategic emerging industry group that utilizes cutting-edge technology to produce high-tech products, high-tech industry plays an important role in promoting the transformation of economic development momentum and seizing international innovation highlands. The purpose of this study is to explore the influencing factors and configuration paths of different technological resource allocations on the realization of high TFP or low TFP in high-tech industries. Combining the DEA-Malmquist model and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method,this paper takes the high-tech industries in 29 provinces and municipalities in mainland China as research cases. It starts from three levels of scientific and technological resources allocation scale, allocation method and allocation environment to discuss the multiple concurrent causal relationship between the allocation of high-tech industries' technological resources and TFP in high-tech industries.#br#By using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method, the study has three findings. (1) No single science and technology resource element can constitute a necessary condition for high TFP or low TFP of high-tech industries. The TFP growth of China's high-tech industries has complex and concurrent multiple configurations in terms of the input of scientific and technological resources. Specifically, there are two types of configuration paths for improving TFP in high-tech industries: government-led conditional configuration with planned allocation and product development as the core elements; market-led conditional configuration with market allocation and R&D personnel input as the core state. The market-oriented conditional configuration with market configuration and R&D personnel input as the core is subdivided into three types: the first type is a "market + R&D transformation" configuration supplemented by product development, technological innovation and planned configuration; the second type is a "market + open cooperation" configuration supplemented by planned configuration, industry-university-research cooperation and regional opening; the third type is a "market + industry-university-research" configuration with a lack of product development and technological innovation, supplemented by industry-university-research cooperation, planned allocation or regional opening. (2) Market resource allocation and R&D personnel input play a general role in improving the TFP of high-tech industries. Market configuration and R&D personnel input exist in 5 path configurations and all are assumed to be in the status of core conditions, and this is consistent with the characteristics of high-tech industries. High-tech industries belong to intelligence-intensive, knowledge-intensive and high-input industries, and need to invest a lot of scientific and technological human, financial and material resources in the process of development and growth. (3) The development of China's high-tech industries presents significant regional differences in terms of efficiency and paths. The eastern coastal area can either follow the government-led conditional configuration with planned configuration and product development as the core elements, or the "market + open cooperation" configuration with market configuration and R&D personnel input as the core. The central and western regions are suitable for the "market + R&D transformation" and "market + industry-university-research" paths with market allocation and R&D personnel input as the core. In addition, since some provinces have different paths for generating low TFP configurations, it is more important to choose channels that fit the actual situation and industrial characteristics of the province when allocating scientific and technological resources in high-tech industries.#br#According to the above research, three recommendations are put forward. First of all, China should deepen the implementation of the regional coordinated development strategy, and form a new pattern of mutual promotion, complementary advantages and common development of high-tech industries in the east, the middle and the west. Second, all provinces in China should accelerate the construction and improvement of a new market-oriented mechanism for the development of high-tech industries with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of industry, university and research. Finally, all provinces in China should combine the factors of location resources and the advantages of industrial development to form a new path for the development of high-tech industries with distinctive features and self-reliance.#br#
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