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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2023 Vol.40 Issue.3
Published 2023-02-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Review
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 The Driving Mechanisms of Social Entrepreneurship: A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Zhang Kun,Zhang Xiu'e
Social entrepreneurship challenges the balance between social value and economic performance, and it is the unique way to solve social problems efficiently and achieve sustainable development. In particular, at a critical stage when China has entered the new economic norm and people’s demand for a better life is increasingly urgent, social entrepreneurship has become an essential force for realizing common prosperity and achieving high-quality development. Such entrepreneurial activities are closely related to major realities such as poverty eradication, environmental protection, and rural revitalization.#br#Currently, the idea of creating social value by market means has been favored by many scholars, and social enterprises are emerging in more and more economies. But according to the global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM), the prevalence of social entrepreneurship varies widely across economies. So why is social entrepreneurial activity prevalent in some economies and dormant in others, and what are the pathways that drive social entrepreneurship?#br#This study constructs an analytical model containing multi-level elements to explore the driving mechanisms of social entrepreneurial activities based on the GEM framework. Referring to both psychological and human capital aspects, it selects two individual indicatorfor this model: perception of opportunity and fear of failure. At the institutional level, this study combines the perspectives of institutional voids and institutional support, and classifies the institutional environment into “pulled” and “pushing” institutional environment to comprehensively analyze its impact on potential social entrepreneurs. It should not be ignored that the prevalence of social entrepreneurship in different cultural contexts also shows significant differences, and the driving factors at the cultural level also need to be analyzed. At the cultural level,the study focuses on exploring the role of the humane orientation.#br#By considering the complexity of social entrepreneurship, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) that combines the advantages of qualitative and quantitative analysis is used in the study. The cases and data are obtained from the social entrepreneurship special survey of GEM and the GLOBE project. After censoring, 22 economies are included in the study.By the fsQCA, this paper derives the configurations that generate high and non-high social entrepreneurial activity.#br#The paper draws the following conclusions. First, each of the antecedent conditions studied in this paper cannot be a necessary condition for high social entrepreneurial activity on its own but requires a linkage match of the five conditions. Second, three paths generate high social entrepreneurial activity: the first path is the institutional environment-capability mode in the high humane orientation culture. Under such a cultural context, the high pushing institutional environment and high opportunity perception are taken as the core conditions. and they jointly promote the emergence of social entrepreneurship activities assisted by the low pulled institutional environment or low fear of failure. The second path is the pulled institutional environment mode in the low humane orientation culture.In the low humane orientation culture, the matching of a high pulled institutional environment and low fear of failure creates social entrepreneurship. The third path is the pulled and pushing institutional environment modes which refer to the linkage matching of high pulled and pushing institutional environment, high opportunity perception and low fear of failure are the helpful condition sets. Third, two paths create non-high social entrepreneurship activities. The first type of configuration is the poorlypulled institutional environment in low humane orientation, combined with other elements. In the culture of high humane orientation, the second configuration is formed by the matching of low opportunity perception and fear of failure with different types of the social entrepreneurial institutional environment. Fourth, there is an asymmetric relationship between the driving mechanisms of high and non-high social entrepreneurial activity. #br#This research reveals the complicated reasons for the emergence of social entrepreneurial activity, and it helps to pay more attention on the cultural dimension of social entrepreneurship. The results reveal that the influence of humane orientation values on social entrepreneurship activity doesn’t play a simple linear effect. It is uncertain if a high human-oriented culture will necessarily lead to social entrepreneurship and vice versa. Moreover, this study contributes to the institutional theory by refining the social entrepreneurial institutional environment. The results of the study provide several practical implications. First, practitioners should focus on improving the ability of opportunity perception, especially the potential social entrepreneurs in a high level of humane orientation. Second, it is necessary to improve the institutional environment for social entrepreneurship. All sectors should strive to create favorable conditions for social entrepreneurial activities. Finally and the most importantly, policymakers should integrate cultural traits to promote the social entrepreneurship.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1285KB] ( 223 )
10 A Comparative Study ofSocial Donation in Basic Research Between China and the United States and Its Enlightenment to China
Wu Yang
In recent years, China has issued policies intensively to advocate social donation for basic research, explicitly encouraging social forces to invest in basic research, which makes social donation recognized as an important part of diversified investment in basic research. However, at present, the source structure of basic research funds in China is relatively single, and the government's financial support is as high as 98% of the total basic research funds. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the historical experience of guiding social donations into basic research in the United States and provide some reference for China to stimulate social forces to invest in basic research, so as to enrich the funding sources of basic research and obtain more financial support from social donations in basic research.#br#Since the United States leads other developed countries in both scale and proportion of social donations in basic research, this study chooses the United States as the reference object and innovatively uses social giving as an entry point to explore its potential for supporting basic research. At the same time, by examining the excellent experiences and problems encountered in social donations in basic research in the United States, it provides a multi-faceted reference for the design of social donation system in China.#br#This study firstly reviews the literature on diversified investment in basic research and social donation in the field of scientific research, and finds that there is still a large space for further research on how to stimulate social donation investment in basic research. Therefore, it makes a comprehensive comparison of the current situation of social donations for basic research in China and the United States, including the overall framework of the social donation system in the two countries, the diversified investment pattern in the scientific research field, the current donation incentive policies, the establishment of special foundations for scientific research, and the current bottlenecks in the two countries. On this basis, the feasibility of guiding social donation into basic research in China is analyzed, and it is believed that China has a strong private capital power and issued a large number of encouraging policies, and that it is an irresistible trend to construct social donation system for basic research.#br#Therefore this paper proposes policy suggestions to stimulate social donation investment in basic research from four aspects. The first is to add a category for basic research donations, which means to increase the proportion of donations to "scientific research and advocacy" in the field of the donation,and create a category of "basic research donations". On the one hand, the donation is redistributed, a fixed proportion of non-directed donations will be given priority to scientific research; on the other hand, the goverment should increase publicity efforts and carry out campaigns to popularize and disseminate the importance of scientific research. The second is to establish a specialized foundation for basic research. It is suggested to advocate well-known entrepreneurs to take the lead in setting up specialized donation foundations in basic research in their own names, and attract funds from all walks of life. The government could set up specialized funding agencies for basic research, and attract donations from various sectors of society through various channels to support research projects in key disciplines. The third is to improve preferential tax policies for donations to basic research. It is advised to adjust preferential tax policies for enterprises to encourage them to donate to basic research, allow direct donations to be deducted at 12 percent of taxable income, extend the carryover period to five years, and raise the tax deduction limit for individual donors to more than 50 percent and allow carry-over deductions. In addition, it is necessary to shorten the procedures for donors to declare tax deduction and exemption, improve the speed of tax deduction and exemption approval, and ensure the rights and interests of donors. The fourth is to actively absorb small donations from society. The non-governmental organizations are encouraged to set up independent non-profit scientific research organizations, relax the qualification examination and operation restrictions on such non-profit organizations, and concentrate non-governmental forces to carry out basic research; meanwhile it is essential to simplify the channels and procedures for small donations, and ensure that the whole donation process is professional and standardized.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 10-20 [Abstract] ( 274 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1506KB] ( 437 )
Regional Scientific Development
21 Government Intervention, Innovation Drive and Regional Allocation of Talents
Fang Yijing,Li Jing,Si Shenshen
The innovation-driven development strategy is highly valued in China. However, when promoting the implementation of the innovation-driven strategy, many local governments ignore the necessity of on-the-spot investigation, and the undifferentiated implementation of the strategy has led to the deterioration of regional innovation-driven development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that innovation-driven development is the guarantee for high-quality economic development, and talent is the basis for achieving innovation-driven development. For a long time, the concentration of talents in the eastern region has been relatively high. At the critical moment when innovation drives and leads economic development, the effective allocation of talents is a necessary condition for the development of talents′ innovation ability. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to reasonably intervene in the allocation of talents, and guide the rational allocation of talents among industries or regions, so as to fully explore and utilize the innovation potential of talents and promote high-quality economic growth.#br#By combing the existing research, this study reveals the basic logic of government intervention and innovation-driven influence on the regional allocation of talents. Then with the help of the panel data of 258 cities in China from 2004 to 2018, the dynamic mechanism of innovation-driven promotion of regional talent allocation is discussed and a theoretical model is further constructed. The endogeneity problem between variables is eliminated by seeking instrumental variables, and then the two-stage least squares method is used to empirically test the theoretical mechanism of the study, and the semi-parametric estimation method is used to verify the robustness of the above empirical results. .#br#Considering that each region in China is quite different in terms of innovation-driven level and the intervention methods of local governments in attracting talents, the study further examines the regional heterogeneity of innovation-driven and government intervention on regional talent allocation based on the overall regression. The results of subregional regression show that after the government intervention variables are included, the effect of innovation drive on talent allocation changes to varying degrees, especially after the interaction of the two is added, and the effect of innovation drive on talent allocation is particularly obvious. Therefore, it is speculated that the effect of innovation drive on talent allocation may have a threshold effect of government intervention. Threshold regression is used to further test the impact of innovation drive on regional talent allocation at different levels of government intervention.#br#On the basis of the above analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions. First, both innovation drive and government intervention can effectively improve regional talent allocation. After adding the interactive terms of the two, it is found that both innovation drive and government intervention have further enhanced effects on regional talent allocation. Secondly, the innovation drive in the western region has the strongest positive promotion effect on regional talent allocation, followed by the eastern region, and the central region has the smallest effect. Compared with the western region, government intervention has promoted the improvement of the level of talent allocation, but its effect has shown the opposite effect in the central region and inhibited regional heterogeneity. Finally, the effect of innovation drive on talent allocation is affected by the degree of government intervention, and there is a double threshold effect of government intervention. The existence of an optimal interval for government intervention can make the effect of innovation drive on regional talent allocation the best.#br#According to the theoretical analysis and conclusions of this paper, the following suggestions are put forward. First, the government should take the innovation drive as the orientation, carry out talent training and investment in a targeted manner; at the same time, it is necessary to build a platform for talent self-improvement, and promote technological innovation bymatching talents and industrial structure. Second, it is important to improve the quality of talent training in universities, strengthen investment in education, and strengthen government intervention in education supply so as to realize the organic integration of talent chain, industrial chainand entrepreneurial chain. Fourth, it is essential to create a good employment environment and a good employment mechanism and environment based on the needs of local industrial development. Fifth, it is necessary to establish a talent information database with accurate talent information, so that it can provide scientific guidance and data support for the introduction of talents and promote the appropriate allocation of talents.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1257KB] ( 352 )
30 The Impact of Multiple Factor Flow on High-quality Economic Development of Urban Agglomeration：An Example from Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration
Shen Lu,Chao Xiaojing
Nowadays, urban agglomeration is a new growth pole leading high-quality development, and its factor flow and spatial pattern evolution have a decisive impact on the construction of new urbanization, optimal allocation of resources and coordinated regional development. It is clearly stated in the outline of China's 14th Five-year Plan that the rational flow and efficient agglomeration of various factors should be promoted, the internal spatial structure of urban agglomeration should be optimized, and a multi-center, multi-level and multi-node network city agglomerations should be formed. However, most urban agglomerations in China are still in the infant or rapid development stage, and the flow of multiple elements are conducive to forming the spatial structure of single-center urban agglomerations. This may not only provide a large amount of labor force, capital and information for the development of core cities, and thus bring a trickle-down effect among cities to promote coordinated development, but also cause problems such as unbalanced and inadequate development among cities, fragile ecological environment and low development quality due to the lack of driving ability of core cities. This raises the question that, as China's economy enters a new stage of high-quality development, which factor flows play a key role in the high-quality development of urban agglomerations? How do they affect the high-quality development of urban agglomeration? Will factor flows among cities have spatial spillover effects on high-quality development?It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to clarify these problems for the formation of an integrated, interactive, fully functional urban spatial pattern and the coordinated promotion of high-quality development of urban agglomerations.#br#This paper takes the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration in the rapid development stage as the research object. Firstly, on the basis of the evaluation of the high-quality development level of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration from 2011 to 2020, Moran's I is used to analyze its spatial correlation characteristics. Secondly, from the dynamic perspective, the direct effects and spatial spillover effects of R&D personnel, R&D capital and information flow on the high-quality development of urban agglomeration are discussed. Finally, the robustness test and heterogeneity analysis are carried out.#br#The results show that the quality development level of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration is generally low, but there is a significant upward trend. The high quality development of urban agglomerations has a significant positive spatial correlation in the global scope. Changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan urban agglomeration shows an obvious trend of unipolar development, and there is an obvious difference in the intensity of factor flow of cities at different levels. As the core of urban agglomeration, Changsha ranks first in R&D personnel flow, R&D capital flow and information flow. The high-quality development of urban agglomeration has a significant positive linear correlation with R&D personnel flow, and a significant U-shaped curve relationship with R&D capital flow. Only the R&D capital flow of Changsha city appears on the right side of the symmetry axis at the end of the investigation period, and the intensity of R&D capital flow of other cities needs to be improved. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the direct and total effects of R&D personnel flow on high-quality development of different dimensions are significantly positive. There is a significant U-shaped curve relationship between R&D capital flow and comprehensive economic development, and there is a significant linear positive correlation between information flow and comprehensive economic development. However, the positive promoting effect of R&D capital flow and information flow on social coordination and environmentally friendly development has not been shown in the study.#br#Combined with the research findings, it is proposed that at first, the government should accelerate the inter city flow of R&D talents and R&D funds to achieve high-quality development of urban agglomerations. Second, the government should promote the deep integration of the new generation of information technology with urban construction, basic public services and ecological and environmental protection, and promote the coordinated and green development of urban agglomerations. On the basis of testing its spatial auto-correlation, this paperfurther investigates the direct and spatial spillover effects of multiple factor flows on the high-quality development of urban agglomerations in different dimensions.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 30-40 [Abstract] ( 206 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1642KB] ( 225 )
Industrial Technological Progress
41 The Policy Effectiveness of China's Integrated Circuit Industry Considering the Development of Key and Core Technologies
Guo Benhai,Wang Penghui,Cui Wenhai,Yang Yuxiang
Since some key and core technologies are controlled by other developed countries, China's policies on the integrated circuit industry should be implemented accurately to provide a strong guarantee for the development of the key technologies. By identifying the key andcore technologies of the integrated circuit industry, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing industrial policies from the perspective of the development level of key and core technologies, and find out policy bottlenecks restricting the development of key and core technologies to provide a reference for policy optimization and adjustment.#br#A method for identifying key and core technologies of the industry that integrates the industrial chain, technology chain, and patent data is proposed. From the multiple dimensions such as its criticality and the degree of technology monopoly, 13 key and core technologies of the integrated circuit industry are identified including large silicon wafer preparation and lithography process and so on. A further search of the relevant patent data of key and core technologies from 2000 to 2020 is made, and the authorized patents are selected from the five offices of World Intellectual Property Rights with 69 497 high-quality patents obtained by simple integration of the same family. Then the evaluation index system of the key and coretechnological development level is constructed from technology developmental support level and technology developmental mastery level, and the technology developmental level is evaluated. The results show that with the support of national policies and R&D funds, the development level of the key and core technologies has been improved to a certain extent after years of development, but the gap between the key and core technologies in foreign countries is obvious. The overall level of technological development is relatively low, and the development of a large number of industrial technologies is still not optimistic.#br#Taking integrated circuit, chips, and the words related to the key and core technologies as the keywords, this study obtains a total of 70 national policies of the integrated circuit industry as the research objects. After coding, a total of 165 policy text units are obtained and divided into five classes that mean tax measures, planning measures, regulation and certification measures, financial support measures and technological support measures. Further on the basis of the 13 key and core technologies, these policy units are decomposed in accordance with the "technology - policy measures" two-dimensional structure. Combined with the results of policy decomposition and existing research, an evaluation index system of industrial policy measures is constructed.#br#In the integrated circuit industry policy system, policy measureslike tax measures, planning measures,etc. can be regarded as policy subsystems. Each subsystem generates an amplification effect through the mutual influence and matching of elements, thereby providing stronger policy impetus for the development of key and core technologies. This coordination relationship can be measured by the coupling coordination degree model. Furthermore, the development level of the key and core technologies is taken as the explained variable; various policy measures and their coordination degree are taken as the explanatory variable. The influence of various policy measures and their coordination degree on the development level of key and core technologies is analyzed by using multiple regression models.#br#The results show that tax measures, planning measures, and regulatory certification measures have a positive impact on the development of the key and core technologies, and planning guidance measures have a particularly significant impact. There are directional differences in the impact of coordination among measures of the IC industry on the development of the key and core technologies. Coordination among tax measures, planning measures, regulatory certification measures and technical support measures has significant negative impacts on the development of the key and core technologies, but the coordination among tax measures, planning measures, regulatory certification measures and financial support measures has a significant positive impact on the development of the key and core technologies. The coordination between existing financial support measures, technical support measures, and other measures is not conducive to the improvement of the development level of the key and core technologies. In addition, the coordination between tax measures, financial support measures, and regulatory certification measures also has adverse effects on the improvement of the level of the key and core technologies.Therefore policies should encourage to increase in R&D investment intensity, update regulatory certification measures timely and strengthen supervision of other measures, and provide stronger policy guarantees for the development of key and coretechnologies.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 41-51 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2787KB] ( 340 )
52 Does Venture Capital Promote Industrial Structure Optimization?An Investigation from the Spillover Perspective of Invested SMEs
Cao Wenting,Yang Yonghua
At present, China's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. The venture capital market has also achieved rapid development during this period. Venture capital is an important capital force to promote the entrepreneurship and innovation strategy, while SMEs are the principal part carrying the entrepreneurship and innovation strategy and the basis for realizing industrial structure optimization. It is believed that there is a close connection among venture capital, SMEs development and industrial structure optimization. However, neither the relationship nor the theoretical system with empirical support is clear and available. From the perspective of the invested SMEs, this article analyzes the impact of venture capital on industrial structure optimization and the influence mechanism. At the micro level, it can better promote the integration of venture capital and SMEs development, then cultivate and develop "New Special Expertise" SMEs. At the macro level, it can better promote venture capital to release the spillover effect of industrial structure optimization and accelerate the formation of a modern industrial system. This will provide useful reference for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies.#br#By combing the literature and drawing on relevant theories (including venture capital theory, enterprise growth theory, enterprise innovation theory, etc.), the study proposes three mechanisms. That is, venture capital acts on SMEs to promote industrial structure optimization through "resource allocation mechanism", "collaborative link mechanism" and "competitive innovation mechanism". Industrial structure optimization includes two aspects: industrial structure rationalization and industrial structure advancement. In the process of industrial structure rationalization, the coordination ability between industries is strengthened, the level of association is improved, and the quality of aggregation is optimized; the industrial structure advancement is a dynamic process in which the industrial structure develops from a low level to a high level. During this process, the technical level of various industries has been continuously improved, and emerging industries have continued to grow into leading industries.#br# Further investigation is conducted from an empirical point of view, and the study selects data from 31 provinces from 2010-2020 in China, and constructs an econometric model by quantifying various indicators such as venture capital, SMEs development and industrial structure optimization. The conclusions are as follows:venture capital plays a significant role in promoting the development of SMEs; venture capital is conducive to industrial structure optimization, for venture capital can significantly reduce the deviation and improve the quality of the industrial structure; venture capital promotes the development of SMEs, thereby enhancing the level of industrial structure optimization. In the relationship between venture capital and industrial structure rationalization, SMEs play a partial mediating role. However, in the relationship between venture capital and industrial structure advancement, SMEs act as a complete mediator, indicating that the development of SMEs has played a very important role in the process of venture capital affecting industrial structure advancement. The above empirical results have been confirmed by the robustness test, and instrumental variables are selected to deal with the endogeneity problem. Thus it is suggested to provide more policy support and guarantee for the development of venture capital industry, strengthen the support for SMEs and enhance the growth ability of SMEs, and promote the integration of venture capital and SMEs' development from multiple channels.#br#Compared with previous research with the focus on the impact of venture capital on micro-enterprises, this study focuses on the impact of venture capital on the industrial structure optimization from the perspective of the invested companies which is highlighted as a unique perspective. Then in the research on the venture capital issues, the data of listed companies are mostly used in the previous results. In view of the important role of SMEs in China's national economy, this study focuses on the industrial structure optimization effect of venture capital spillover by affecting the development of SMEs. Lastly from the theoretical aspect, this study clarifies the mechanism by which venture capital affects the development of SMEs and the industrial structure optimization, enriching the research in the existing field.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 52-62 [Abstract] ( 196 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1713KB] ( 202 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
63 The Fit Evolution of High Growth Firms' Dominant Logic and Value Co-creation：A Longitudinal Case of Xiaomi
Zhou Yifang,Wang Chang,Zhou Wenhui
Although a large number of high-growth firms have emerged with the development of mobile Internet and digital technology, research has suggested that only a small proportion of firms can maintain rapid growth over time, so they attract academic and practical attention by continuous expansion in scale and maintain rapid growth in a turbulent competitive environment. Since most studies have analyzed the high-growth firms from a static perspective, and fail to discuss the basic characteristics and stages of the high-growth firm from the perspective of process and ignores the dynamic variability and lack theoretical insights into the dynamic process of scaling-up. It is still unknown how the process of scaling-up is rooted in managerial and organizational actions that involve the interplay between both cognitive and behavioral processes. There is the urgent need to sort out the specific strategies and behaviors needed to successfully surmount the management challenges faced by high-growth firms. #br#In strategic research, dominant logic is considered to be the mindset in the process of achieving goals or strategic decision-making, as well as the management cognition of organization thinking and guiding strategic behaviors to cope with the changing environment opportunities, especially when firms need to maintain high-growth,they need to expand the scope of resource acquisition, break through resource constraints and promote the optimization of redundant resources. Timely adjustment of dominant logic largely reflects the resource bottleneck faced by firms in their high growth stage, and value co-creation, as an organizational behavior of interaction, cooperation and resource integration among value participants, is the most effective way to break through the bottlenecks of resource allocation and integration.#br#According to the three major factors in the growth process of high-growth firms,this paper selects Xiaomi as the research object, explores how high-growth firms realize the transformation of dominant logic based on the logic chain of environment-cognition-behavior-result and pursues a unique growth model driven by uncertain environment through interaction, cooperation and resource integration. Through the participatory observation and a semi-structured interview, the whole process data of the case enterprise is collected. According to the dynamic transformation of Xiaomi's dominant logic, the study divides its high growth process into three stages: initial, growth and expansion.#br#The analysis results show that in the initial stage, driven by technology window and survival pressure, Xiaomi realized interactive value co-creation with consumers through dominant logic of extreme cost performance, and managed to cope with the resource constraints of start-ups, and accumulated a large number of users through the unique fan culture, so as to spread and sell its explosive products more effectively and promote the scale-ups. In the growth stage, driven by institutional window and growth pressure, Xiaomi realized the enabling value co-creation with the ecological chain through the platform dominant logic of cross-edge network effect, supported start-ups and revitalizes its core redundant resources by giving them more autonomy to share common technical framework, user data and retail channels, so that Xiaomi had plenty of followersand achieve leap growth. In the expansion stage, driven by market window and profit pressure, Xiaomi realized open value co-creation with its partners through the ecological dominant logic of mutualism. It expanded offline channels with the help of partners, got rid of its dependence on original online resources and ecological chain enterprised, and establishes Xiaomi intelligent hardware IoT symbiotic ecosystem. #br#Different from existing literature on enterprise dominant logic with focus on single static dominant logic,this paper proposes the influence of opportunity window and growth pressure on dominant logic which breaks through the theoretical framework of traditional dominant logic research and elevates the research of dominant logic to the strategic level. Moreover,this study identifies the matching between firm cognition and behavior when high-growth firms face uncertainty in a dynamic changing environment. Firms need to timely transform their dominant logic according to the rapidly changing market environment and cooperate with multi-parties on value co-creation to achieve sustained and rapid growth.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 63-72 [Abstract] ( 210 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1834KB] ( 318 )
73 The Influence of Mixed Reform of State-owned Enterprises on Enterprise Innovation Performance with Different Risk Characteristics： The Perspectives of Resource Effect and Institutional Effect
Song Chunxia,Xue Yue
From the "innovation-driven development strategy" of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the goal of "building a strong country in science and technology" at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, corporate innovation has always attracted attention as a prerequisite for national development and national rejuvenation. The reason why China has an overall development in recent years is because innovation has played an extremely important role in it. For example, the improvement of national defense strength and education level, the rich scientific research achievement and the rapid development of aerospace industry, etc. all take innovation as their backbone. In addition, from the perspective of the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises promoted across the country, innovation capability has also become an important target. Therefore,it is proposed to actively develop mixed ownership and introduce non-state capital into state-owned enterprises in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China . On the one hand, the ownership structure of enterprises stimulates the innovation vitality of state-owned enterprises, and on the other hand, through the supervision of state-owned enterprises by non-state-owned capital, it reduces agency costs and improves the efficiency of enterprises in all aspects. So far nearly 8 years have passed since the mixed ownership reform. What is the impact of the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises on innovation performance? This deserves further study. #br#In recent years, more and more state-owned enterprises have participated in the mixed ownership reform, making their equity more diversified, improving innovation performance, and achieving high-quality development is one of the motivations for state-owned enterprises' mixed ownership reform. Changes in the external environment will lead to problems such as the excessive proportion of state-owned equity in state-owned enterprises, imperfect internal governance, disproportion between costs and production capacity, and lack of management of state-owned assets, resulting in the loss of state-owned assets and insufficient ability to deal with internal and external risks.Due to the different risk characteristics of enterprises, the decline of state-owned equity in state-owned enterprises will have different effects on innovation performance. Therefore, this paper further analyzes the innovation effect of mixed reform of state-owned enterprises under different risk backgrounds. #br#As the actual controller of state-owned enterprises, the government may give up part of its economic performance due to policy goals, and thus choose to invest in projects with lower risks, which will lead to relatively low innovation capabilities and innovation performance of state-owned enterprises. The introduction of non-state-owned capital with a relatively complete governance mechanism and a dynamic management system, on the one hand, enables the integration of different types of shareholder resources to achieve a "resource effect" that complements each other's advantages andmake them learn from each other's strengths; on the other hand, it also realizes the mutual learning of management and governance systems. The "institutional effect" of integration may be an effective way to effectively improve the independent innovation capability of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, the studyadopts the empirical data of A-share state-owned listed companies from 2013 to 2019, uses Stata16.0 statistical analysis software to establish a research model and conducts multiple regression analysis. According to the"resource effect" and "system effect", this paper analyzes the degree of mixed reform of state-owned enterprises, its impact on their innovation efficiency, as well as the introduction of internal business risk and external competition risk, and further analyzes the innovation effect of mixed reform of state-owned enterprises under different risk backgrounds. The results show that there is a U-shaped relationship between state-owned equity and innovation performance, that is, enterprises with a lower proportion of state-owned equity appropriately reduce the proportion of state-owned shares, which is conducive to exerting the institutional vitality of non-state-owned capital and promoting enterprise innovation; while state-owned enterprises with a higher proportion of state-owned equity , the increase of state-owned shares is more conducive to exerting its resource advantages and promoting innovation performance. The research that considers the internal and external risks of enterprises finds that the high operating risk of state-owned enterprises will strengthen the U-shaped relationship between state-owned equity changes and innovation performance; the low market competition risk of state-owned enterprises will strengthen the U-shaped relationship between state-owned equity changes and innovation performance. The group study confirms that for manufacturing and non-manufacturing state-owned enterprises, state-owned equity has no correlation and there is U-shaped relationship with innovation performance, respectively. The research conclusions of this paper can provide guidance and direction for promoting the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises and improving the innovation performance of state-owned enterprises.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 73-82 [Abstract] ( 159 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1300KB] ( 247 )
83 A Double Case Study on the Influencing Factors of Enterprise Platformalization Transformation and Innovation
Lian Yuanqiang,Song Mingyue
With the combination of digital network technology and related industry, the platform leads the development trend of new economy with innovative thinking. Platformalization transformation and innovation is an important strategic choice for enterprise transformation and upgradation. No matter if it is the continuous innovation of Internet enterprises or the breakthrough innovation of traditional manufacturing industry, the implementation of the platformalization strategy needs to be constructed and implemented according to the relevant influencing factors, so as to break through the obstacles of the transformation and development of enterprises and achieve sustainable development. Can platformalization transformation and innovation benefit all enterprises? Which factors indeed drive the process? Which specific strategy should be the optimal choice? These core questions have aroused a heated discussion among scholars. It is necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the implementation of the platform strategy so that the platform strategy can empower enterprises to integrate and utilize resources in a wider scope and reshape the logic and internal mechanism of value creation. There have been studies on the necessity of platform transformation and platform strategy, and most of them focus on technology. However, little attention is paid to questions on the dimensions from which the transformation and innovation strategies should be evaluated. Therefore,on the basis ofthe literature related to platform theory, this paper explores the factors influencing enterprise platformalization transformation and innovation through a double case study and analyze the intrinsic mechanism in order to enrich the theory of platformalization innovation.#br#In order to ensure the effectiveness of the double case analysis, the paper uses the case study method by selecting the typical enterprises which implement the platform strategy.According to the case selection criteria, two leading platform enterprises of different scales and environment which have already carried out platformalization transformation and innovation are finally selected as targeted cases: Haier Group, a platform enterprise implementing transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing, and DiDi, a mobile travel service platform rising in the Internet era.This paper puts forward four factors which affect the platformalization transformation and innovation according to enterprise practice, then demonstrates them with two different types of enterprise examples. The four factors are user participation, product service, resource scale and toughness growth cycle. #br#The research reveals that both manufacturing industries and service enterprises are influenced by four factors in theplatformalization transformation and innovation. User engagement is the key to stimulate the network effect, product service exerts an influence upon enterprises' choice of platform strategy, resource volume determines the platform model, and capacity of overcoming difficulties and growth cycle are important contingency factors. Enterprises should work out scientific blueprint, strategy selection and organization models according to the four influence dimensions. This paper provides a theoretical framework of the influence factors of enterprise platformalization transformation and innovation and verifies the four dimensions through the double case study of Haier and DiDi. The double case study derives the specific performance content and mechanisms of these two enterprises. As a result, the study proposes that to implement platform strategy means that with the multi-subject synergy of platform connection, enterprises should create value in the network rather than in the traditional chain. As a new concept, platformalization transformation and innovation, to some degrees, can complement the research on enterprise platform strategy, and provide conceptual variables and theoretical basis for related research. Therefore, the platform strategy should be made according to the actual situation of the enterprise, and become the driving force of enterprise transformation and upgrading.#br#The paper also provides three suggestions for enterprises in platform construction. Firstly, enterprises should reshape their management mindset. It is necessary to transform from traditional manufacturers or producers to resource connectors and integrators. Second, they need to reform their organizations. According to specific strategic targets, organizational structure facilitating resource sharing should be formed in a targeted manner. Enterprises should integrate global innovation elements to empower internal and external subjects to support the implementation of platform strategies. Third, it is beneficial to roll out an innovative mechanism of platform organization and to provide more resources to attract multiple subjects and continuously incubate new business.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 83-92 [Abstract] ( 150 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2746KB] ( 316 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
93 Research on The Effect and Transmission Mechanism of Energy-consuming Right Trading System on Green Technological Innovation
Zhang Aili,Chen Qian
Green technology innovation has the dual characteristics of improving production efficiency, saving energy and reducing emissions. Besides this, it is the fundamental way for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutral goals. As China accelerates the high-quality development, it is beneficial to explore how to drive green technology innovation for the achievement of the "dual carbon goal" and promotion of sustainable economic development. In this context, as an environmental policy tool to reduce energy consumption through market mechanism, the energy-consuming right trading system is the core tool to induce green technology innovation. It is of great theoretical and practical value for China to identify and clarify the impact effect and internal mechanism of the energy-consuming right trading system on green technology innovation, so as to promote green development and reduce the pressure of energy saving, emission reduction and economic transformation.#br#To begin with, this study sorts out the policy background and related concept of energy-consuming right trading system, and clarifies the operation principle of energy-consuming right trading system. On this basis, this study puts forward the viewpoint that the energy-consuming right trading system has a positive impact on enterprise green technology innovation, and analyses the transmission mechanism of the energy-consuming right trading system affecting green technology innovation from two aspects: R&D investment and government support.#br#Then according to the policy characteristics of the energy-consuming right trading system, this paper regards it as a quasi-natural experiment, and then it uses the data of China's A-share industrial enterprises from 2014 to 2019 to explore the impact of the energy-consuming right trading system on the green technology innovation of Chinese industrial enterprises and its action path. The results show that the energy-consuming right trading system significantly promotes the green technology innovation of Chinese industrial enterprises, and it is still established after a series of robustness tests. In addition, the effect of the energy-consuming right trading system on the green technology innovation of enterprises is heterogeneous according to the industry and the nature of ownership. Compared with high energy consuming enterprises, the effect of energy-consuming right trading system on promoting green technology innovation of non-high energy consuming enterprises is more significant. Furthermore, the positive impact of energy-consuming right trading system on non-state-owned enterprises is more obvious than that of the state-owned enterprises. By examining its transmission path, the study confirms that the energy-consuming right trading system promotes green technology innovation mainly through influencing R&D funds, R&D personnel, tax incentives and government subsidies.#br#On the basis of the empirical results and the policy objectives of the energy-consuming right trading system, this paper finally puts forward relevant suggestions for China to comprehensively promote the construction of the energy-consuming right trading market and promote the green technology innovation of enterprises from three aspects. Foremost it is important to keep improving the design of the energy-consuming right trading mechanism. On the premise of fully evaluating the existing industrial structure and regional energy consumption, it is necessary to explore the cross-regional paid transaction of total energy-consuming indicators so as to realize the flow and concentration of energy elements, and accelerate the construction of the national energy use trading market. Then it is crucial to make targeted system innovation according to the characteristics of energy consumption and thesituations of energy consumption transactions of different enterprises. The third is to establish a full-process supervision to ensure the standardized operation of the market. It is suggested to establish a legal framework at the national level and improve relevant rules and regulations at the local level so that there would be a legal basis for the transaction supervision and the control of potential credit risk and operational risk. Recommendations to stimulate future research about energy-consuming right trading system are offered, for instance the spatial spillover effect of energy-consuming right on green technology innovation of enterprises and the transmission effects of financial development in the process of enterprise technological innovation induced by the energy-consuming right trading system are worthy of further analysis.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 93-103 [Abstract] ( 238 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1494KB] ( 352 )
104 Evolution of Relationship Between Government and Sci-tech Association since the Founding of P.R.C:A Framework of Policy Analysis Based on Punctuated-equilibrium
Xu Wanqiang,Zhang Ting
As the basic carrier for the party and the government to organize and unite the masses of scientific and technological workers, the sci-tech association plays multiple functions in promoting the systematization, synergy and institutionalization of scientific and technological innovation talent teams, facilitating the creation, flow and use of scientific knowledge, and deepening the reform of the administrative management system. The research on the relationship between the government and the sci-tech association has always been the focus of scholars, and the related research has formed a certain theoretical system. However, most of the studies show a "fragmented" feature due to the static description of key events or single cases within a fixed time period, and lack of consideration of diversity in different historical periods and systems based on the diachronic backgrounds. The analytical framework of relevant research has also been stuck in the traditional perspective for a long time, lacking innovation based on new theory or analytical framework. The punctuated-equilibrium theory describes the phenomenon of discontinuity and equilibrium in the process of public policy with the distribution of time series and policy changes. It is one of the important theories of public policy process.Thus this paper attempts to use the punctuated-equilibrium theory to break through the limitations of existing research, investigate the change process of Chinese sci-tech association policy since the founding of P.R.C, verify the nonlinear characteristics of the punctuated equilibrium of sci-tech association policy, andexplore the dynamic mechanism of the relationship between the Chinese government and sci-tech association. #br#After sorting out 107 relevant policy texts of Chinese sci-tech association since the founding of the P.R.C, it is concluded that the policy of sci-tech association has the characteristics of punctuated and equilibrium alternating progression. According to the changes of policy tools, policy tool settings and policy goals and the policy evolution stage of sci-tech association, this paper divides the evolution map of the relationship between the government and sci-tech association since the founding of P.R.C into six punctuated equilibrium periods: the exploration equilibrium period, the strong intermittent period, the weak intermittent period, the exploration equilibrium period, the development equilibrium period and the perfect equilibrium period. Furthermore, in order to investigate the driving factors behind the punctuated equilibrium of sci-tech association policy, this paper adjusts and revises the influencing factors of the punctuated-equilibrium model under the background of western public policy. It is found that the attention distribution of central government decision-making, the impact of focus events and the strategic action of sci-tech association are the main factors that causes the change of sci-tech association policy.#br#On the basis ofthe evolution of Chinese sci-tech association policy since the founding of P.R.C, this paper expands the classical punctuated-equilibrium model, and draws the following conclusions. First of all, the evolution of the relationship between the Chinese government and sci-tech association is in a key and dominant position in the process of policy changes of sci-tech association. Secondly, the change of the policy field is the premise for the adjustment of the relationship between the Chinese government and the sci-tech association. Finally, the development and inclusiveness of the policy field is an important factor for the benign development of the relationship between the government and the sci-tech association. Although at present academic circles still hold a skeptical and cautious attitude towards the judgment that there would be co-governance between the government and sci-tech association, it is certain that the relationship between the government and the sci-tech association in China will continue to move forward with the efforts in exploring and improving balance, and the role of science and technology association in innovative national construction and jointly building a social governance pattern ofco-governance and sharing will be further improved.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 104-111 [Abstract] ( 162 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1270KB] ( 247 )
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
112 Impact Mechanism of Innovation Network Feature Configurationon Knowledge Transfer Performance
Feng Lijie,Li Xue,Wang Jinfeng
In the era of science and technology, it is difficult for enterprises to maintain competitive advantages based on traditional innovation concepts. Innovation networks provide diversified external knowledge acquisition channels for enterprises to solve technical problems and break through knowledge bottlenecks. However, for the core enterprises in the innovation network, not all innovation networks can promote high-quality knowledge transfer performance, especially when there are problems in the innovation network such as resource redundancy, high management costs and knowledge transfer blocked due to the trust crisis, it is easy to lead to inefficient introversion of the innovation network. Therefore, the characteristics of innovation networks and knowledge transfer performance have attracted wide academic attention, and it is ofsignificance to explore the impact mechanism of innovation network characteristics on knowledge transfer performance for enterprises so as to effectively use innovation networks in practice.#br#Although the existing literature has explored the impact of innovation networks on knowledge transfer performance from multiple perspectives, there are still some limitations. First, for the research on the structure, relationship and content of innovation networks, scholars mostly focus on the linear relationship between several independent variables and dependent variables, and pay less attention to the nonlinear relationship between these characteristics and knowledge transfer performance and the combination effect of different types of network characteristics, and it is difficult to systematically explain how the characteristics of innovation networks impact the performance of knowledge transfer; secondly, most of the existing research studies the impact of innovation network characteristics on knowledge transfer performance from the resource perspective, ignoring the fact that enterprises may have diminished marginal returns in the process of building innovation networks with certain characteristics. It may offset the innovation benefits, and thus has a negative impact on knowledge transfer performance. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the innovation network to obtain high-quality knowledge transfer performance from the perspective of macro strategy based on the resource and cost view, explore the characteristic variables that affect the innovation network structure, and then study the innovation network structure to obtain high-quality knowledge transfer performance from the perspective of configuration thinking.#br#On the basis of the extraction of four conditional variables that affect the diversification, technological level, geographical span and closure of the innovation network architecture, the conceptual model is constructed with high-quality knowledge transfer performance as the result variable. Then the data of 63 high-tech enterprises are collected, and with the help of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fQCA), three types of innovation network architecture feature configurations are identified and their core characteristics are revealed. The study extracts four macro-network architecture features that can guide the micro-network node configuration, and links the network node configuration (partner selection) with knowledge transfer performance, further expanding the scope of innovation network research. The fsQCA method suitable for solving the configuration problem is used to derive three types of innovation network architectures that can achieve high-quality knowledge transfer performance, providing decision support for different types of manufacturing enterprises to build innovation networks.#br#The research results show that in order to achieve high-quality knowledge transfer among the innovation network subjects, the configuration effect of the innovation network architecture characteristics should not be ignored. Enterprises can achieve high-quality knowledge transfer performance by building three types of innovation network architecture. The following revelations are obtained. First, it is essential to build an extended and interconnected innovation network, efficiently absorb knowledge and technology in emerging fields, and properly improve the closure of the innovation network to enhance the stability of the cooperation environment; the second is to build an industrial regional alliance innovation network, further optimize the allocation of enterprise resources, and rely on the strength of regional alliances to improve the technical level and expand the market; third it is critical to build an accurate and interconnected innovation network, search for high-quality partners, avoid blind network expansion and accurately identify innovation opportunities.The research results can not only provide differentiated paths for enterprises to obtain high-quality knowledge transfer performance, but also reference for enterprises to efficiently build complex innovation network architecture.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 112-121 [Abstract] ( 170 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1313KB] ( 387 )
122 The Influence of Social Capital and Technical Support on Knowledge Sharing in Academic Virtual Communities: An Analysis of Knowledge Sharing Elements Based on the Platform of Science Net
Xu Xiude,Liu Fan
With the rapid development of Internet and information technology, academic virtual communities have become important platforms for knowledge exchange and discussion, as well as a new frontier for academic collision and knowledge innovation. Academic virtual community is an important form of informal academic exchange. Compared with formal academic exchange, academic knowledge exchange between the virtual community has the incomparable efficiency. Users can communicate directly in the academic virtual community to accelerate the flow of knowledge. In the community, users are equal and open, and they can freely express their views and thoughts. Academic virtual community enables the rapid dissemination of information and knowledge in a short time, and plays an important role in the process of knowledge acquisition, sharing, transfer and creation. At present, there are many academic virtual communities in China, such as “MuChong”, “Jingguan Zhi Jia”, “Science Network” and “DXY”.While the academic community is booming, problems are increasingly highlighted, such as the quality of knowledge sharing, the mutual trust between members and the management of community platforms. Thus this paper centers around how to solve the problems of low user activity and low enthusiasm for knowledge sharing in the academic virtual community, and improve users' willingness to share knowledge.#br#Some scholars analyse the driving factors of users' knowledge sharing behavior, and explore the influence of different dimensions of social capital on individual knowledge sharing behavior, but there are still some problems. On the one hand, the data sources of most articles are online or offline users' questionnaires. The data obtained in this way is usually small in quantity and subjective to a certain extent. On the other hand, scholars mostly use a single theory to explain the influencing factors of knowledge sharing in virtual community, but virtual learning community is an ecosystem of knowledge sharing, so the explanation of the knowledge sharing effect in virtual learning community based on a single theory may be seriously one-sided. Academic virtual community is an online social network system that relies on information technology. Its knowledge sharing process and results are affected by social capital and technical support, but these two factors are rarely analyzed. Therefore, this study aims to explore how to promote users of academic community to participate in knowledge sharing behavior from a systematic perspective.#br#On the basis of the social capital theory and technology acceptance model, this paper puts forward the corresponding research assumptions and establishes a model to study the influence of social capital and technology support on knowledge sharing behavior. By reviewing the literature, it divides the structural capital into three dimensions: relational capital, structural capital and cognitive capital, and divides the technical support into perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, so as to explore its impact on the quantity and quality of knowledge sharing. Then the study uses Python crawler technology to crawl the user information from the management comprehensive section of the Web of Science Network , and makes the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression analysis to conduct empirical research on the hypothesis.#br#The results show that relational capital and structural capital respectively have a significant positive impact on the quality and quantity of knowledge sharing in the academic virtual community, and they are the continuous driving forces; cognitive capital, with the intervention of other factors, has a certain positive effect on the amount of knowledge sharing; the impact of technical support on knowledge sharing varies significantly, and the perceived ease of use has a significant positive impact on the quality and quantity of knowledge sharing, while perceived usefulness has a significant negative impact on the quality of knowledge sharing. According to the research results, this paper suggests to build an interest-based social circle to promote the interaction between community users, adopt the real-name system to build a high-quality community with mutual trust, standardize the points and gold coin award system to enhance users' activity, check the contents of knowledge sharing to ensure the quality on the platform and provide personalized services for users.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 122-131 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1327KB] ( 177 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
132 Team Formalization, Team Integration and Team Creativity：the Moderated Chain Mediating Model
Liu Xinmei,Chen Weiyi,Li Zhiyong
An organization cannot survive without the support of its formalization. Similarly, as the basic unit of the organization, a high-performing team cannot work effectively without clear rules. By clarifying responsibilities and codes of conduct, written guidelines provide team members with legal rights and help team members collaborate closely with consistent cognition, and react quickly and effectively to all situations in a built-in decision-making system, thus enhancing team creativity in a climate of mutual trust, respect and connection. Thus, team formalization is crucial to team creativity. However, prior research focuses on organizational formalization and argues that organizational formalization is detrimental to organizational innovation. Theoretical research and practical research focusing on the positive attributes of team formalization are relatively scare. Less is discussed concerning about the mechanism between team formalization and team creativity. Moreover，previous studies have not investigated the relationship between team formalization and team creativity.Hence, whether and how team formalization affects team creativity remains to be further explored.#br#Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, this study constructs a model of how formalization influences team creativity through cognitive integration and affective integration, and of how peer monitoring moderates the chain mediating effect. Formalization relates to the extent to which rules are clearly specified and procedures standardized. Team creativity is defined as the production of novel and useful ideas. By answering the question of‘to what extent of peer monitoring formalization facilitates team creativity,’ the mechanism and boundary conditions of team formalization on team creativity are clarified, which is helpful to develop effective norms and improve the team creativity.#br#This paper makes the multiple regression and the moderated chain mediating analysis and presents a multi-source study of 79 teams. It is found that (1) formalization facilitates affective integration through cognitive integration; (2) affective integration positively relates to team creativity; (3) peer monitoring moderates the relationship between affective integration and team creativity, and affective integration facilitates team creativity when peer monitoring is low rather than high; (4)under low peer monitoring rather than high peer monitoring, formalization facilitates team creativity via cognitive integration and affective integration.#br#The theoretical contributions of this study are mainly as follows. Firstly, by revealing the mediating role of team integration between team formalization and team creativity, this paper provides a perspective for exploring the mechanism between team formalization and team effectiveness. Previous studies on the mediating role of organizational formalization primarily focused on the perspective of organizational knowledge management. Following the theory of planned behavior, this study integrates cognitive integration and affective integration to analyze the mechanism of team formalization on team creativity through team cognition. By clarifying the two dimensions of team cognition, team cognitive integration, and affective integration, it clarifies the mediating mechanism of team formalization—team integration—team creativity. Secondly, from the perspective of peer monitoring, this study analyzes the varied impacts of affective integration on team creativity at different levels of peer monitoring. By analyzing the positive moderating effect of low-level peer supervision, it is confirmed that affective integration facilitates team creativity, which further expands the boundary condition cognition of the relationship between affective integration and team creativity. Finally, the study explores the mechanism of team formalization on team creativity through cognitive integration and affective integration based on the theory of planned behavior, and reveals the relationship between the impact of team formalization on team creativity under high-level peer monitoring and low-level peer monitoring. Through analyzing the effects of team formalization, team integration, and peer monitoring on team creativity, the study verifies that team formalization has a positive impact on team creativity with the mediating role of cognitive integration and affective integration under low-level peer monitoring. Therefore this paper answers the question of to what extent peer monitoring formalization facilitates team creativity, and broadens the understanding of the mediating mechanism and the moderating effectiveness toward formalization.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 132-140 [Abstract] ( 185 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 327 )
141 CEO's Academic Experience and Enterprise's Green Innovation:The Dual Perspective of Environmental Attention Allocation and Industry University Research Cooperation Empowerment
Yin Jianhua,Shuang Qi
Climate change and environmental pollution areincreasingly serious. Chinese government has put forward the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutralization, raising environmental protection to the level of national strategy. As the technical support of pollution reduction, green innovation constitutes an important engine for the green development of enterprises. External environmental regulation may improve enterprise green innovation. However, in order to obtain better economic performance, lax environmental law enforcement of local governments in China occurs from time to time, leading to the unsatisfactory effect of environmental regulation. At the same time, the financial resources provided by the government can not completely solve the problem of the shortage of knowledge resources. Therefore, there are certain limitations of external forces to promote enterprise green innovation. Above all, the improvement of enterprises' green innovation level depends more on the endogenous power and the ability to obtain knowledge resources,and how to stimulate enterprises to pay more attention to environmental protection and obtain the knowledge resources required by green innovation are the dual problems to be solved for the Chinese enterprises.#br#According to the upper echelons theory, the personality traits and past experience of enterprise managers will affect the decision-making of enterprises. At the same time, the social capital of managers is the important resources of enterprises. However, few literatures paid attention to the impact of CEO academic experience on enterprise green innovation. This study discusses the impact of CEO's academic experience on green innovation from the perspective of upper echelons theory. Combined with the attention-based view and resource-based view, this paper analyzes the intermediary effect of environmental attention and industry university research cooperation and also makes an in-depth analysis of the effect of academic experience from three aspects: professional title, discipline background and the institutional level. Finally, from the perspective of informal institution, this paper studies the moderating effect of social trust and Confucian culture on the relationship between CEO academic experience and green innovation.#br#In this study the China's A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2008 to 2019 are taken as the research sample. The research results show that firstly CEO's academic experience can promote the enterprise's green innovation. CEO's academic experience can not only enhance the willingness of green innovation through the shaping of environmental protection spirit, but also help enterprises obtain knowledge resources, thus promting enterprise's green innovation. Secondly when CEO obtains a high professional title, or gets engaged in engineering major and in high-level academic institutions during his academic experience, the human capital and social capital effects of CEO green innovation will be more pro-ent. Thirdly from the perspective of external environment, the social trust and Confucian cultural atmosphere of the company's location enhance the promotion effect of CEO's academic experience on the level of green innovation of enterprises. Lastly the mediating mechanism test shows that CEOs with academic experience plays the effects of human capital and social capital in green innovation. The values, identity maintenance motivation and long-term orientation shaped by academic experience reinforce the CEO's environmental awareness, and urge them to embed into academic social network, and improve enterprise green innovation level by promoting enterprise industry university research cooperation and increasing enterprise innovation knowledge source.#br#The main contributions of this study are as follows. (1) Very few literatures have paid attention to the impact of CEO academic experience on enterprise green innovation and the impact mechanism. This study enriches the research on the driving factors of enterprise green innovation from the perspective of upper echelons theory. (2) The existing literature mostly focus on whether academic experience has the level of academic experience, and lack systematic analysis on the characteristics of academic experience. This paper makes up for this defect. It studies the characteristics of academic experience from the aspects of professional title, discipline background and institutional level, expanding the research on CEO's academic experience. (3) The existing literature mainly focus on the impact of media attention, public pressure and religious belief on green innovation. By analyzing the moderating effect of social trust and Confucian culture, this paper expands the research of informal institution on green innovation.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 141-151 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1313KB] ( 436 )
Review
152 The Mechanism of Dealing with Academic Misconduct in American Top Universities Based on Four American Research Universities
Duan Shifei,Liang Jingjing
Academic misconduct is on the rise, and since 2009, the Ministry of Education has successively issued policies to curb this phenomena. Various signs show that it is imperative to improve the academic integrity system of colleges and universities in the new era. The current research on academic misconduct in universities mainly includes five aspects: the concept and definition of academic misconduct; the main classification and performance of academic misconduct; the inducement of academic misconduct; the negative impact of academic misconduct ; the preventive measures for academic misconduct. There are three main deficiencies in the existing research: first, the current academic circles have not reached a consensus on the definition of academic misconduct, which makes it impossible to determine the nature of academic misconduct; then there is a lack of discussion on the deep-seated reasons such as system, spirit, and culture; third, the research on the handling mechanism of academic misconduct is focused on the moral level of criticism, and the specific means and methods have not been systematically expounded. The top universities in the United States have paid attention to academic misconduct earlier, and have formed a more systematic and scientific response mechanism for academic misconduct.#br#Therefore this study selects two private universities in the United States based on the 2020-2021 QS World University Rankings. The universities are among the top in the world and two public universities known as "Public Ivy Leagues": Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and UC Berkeley. By using the comparative research method to analyze the academic norms, policies and practices of these four universities, this study aimsto contribute international experience to the improvement of the construction of the academic integrity system in Chinese universities. This study uses comparative research method to investigate the academic misconduct of the top universities in the United States from the dimensions of the basis, subject, processing procedures, supervision and remedy of academic misconduct. It conducts a comparative analysis of behavior processing, and summarizes the characteristics of the academic misconduct processing mechanism of top universities in the United States and the experience that can be used for reference.#br#By analyzing the policies and practices of four top universities in the United States to deal with academic misconduct, this study draws the following conclusions. (1) The mechanism for handling academic misconduct in the top universities in the United States is composed of processing basis, processing subject, processing procedure and supervisory remedies. (2) The organizational support, process guarantee and concept guidance are designed and expected to provide clear and comprehensive rules and regulations; the division of responsibilities is clearly set with both consideration of professionalism and autonomy; the procedural norms are highlighted to ensure timely and rigorous trials; people-orientedness is emphasized with education as the primacy and punishment as the supplement.#br#Unlike previous research on academic misconduct in top universities in the United States with a general focus on an individual case, this study makes a macro comparison and summarizes the general experience of the governance mechanism of academic misconduct in top universities in the United States and common features. Meanwhile there are still deficiencies and limitations in this study. On the one hand, this study focuses on the academic misconduct handling mechanism within the top universities in the United States, leaving the role of the government and society (such as academic groups) in the handling mechanism of academic misconduct untouched, butit plays an irreplaceable role in the handling of academic misconduct. On the other hand, the object of the study is two top private universities and two top public universities, and it studies the commonalities of the mechanisms of academic misconduct in private top universities and public top universities, but less about their differences. The research limitations of the above two aspects need to be further supplemented and improved in the future.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (3): 152-160 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1292KB] ( 1040 )
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