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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2023 Vol.40 Issue.1
Published 2023-01-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Review
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 The Collaborative Mechanism of Key and Core Technology Innovation:An Empirical Research Using Chip Lithography as An Example
Zhang Beibei,Li Cunjin,Yin Ximing
Industry-university-research collaborative innovation is an important way to accelerate the breakthrough of the bottleneck problem of key and core technologies, but few studies have revealed the industry-university-research institution collaborative mechanism for key and core technologies innovation.Following the complex system management theory, this study constructs the industry-university-research institution collaborative mechanism framework of key and core technology innovation to explore the innovation laws hidden in the nonlinear interaction and cooperation of industries, universities and research institutions, and takes the patent cooperation network of chip lithography technology as an example to analyze the framework with the help of social network and other analysis methods.#br#The knowledge integration mechanism of "technology with pure rationality and practical rationality " speeds up knowledge transfer and stimulates creativity through the "potential difference" and "heterogeneity" of knowledge among collaborative subjects,and it is an effective way for the breakthrough of key and core technology innovation. Specifically, in the innovation process of key and core technologies, it is necessary to dissect, absorb and reconstruct the technical knowledge, pure rational knowledge and practical rational knowledge from the collaborative subjects of industries, universities and research institutions. The potential difference between different collaborative subjects accelerates the dissemination, sharing and complementary overflow of knowledge and resources. The heterogeneity between knowledge stimulates the creativity of collaborative subjects, so as to reduce the innovation cost and risk and promote the birth of key and core new technologies.#br#The power distribution rule of "leader-bridge-helper" can effectively explain the value-added process of embedded social relations in the interaction process of collaborative subjects and promote the innovation of key and core technologies. In the industry-university-research institution collaborative innovation system of key and core technology, all subjects interact tacitly and consciously according to the power distribution rules of "leader-bridge-helper", and automatically form an orderly structure under the leading role of the leader organization, the conduction intermediary role of the bridge organization, and the following and auxiliary role of the auxiliary organization. By constantly coordinating the relationship between the interactive subjects, the decentralized action goals between the subjects are integrated into the common goal of the collaborative network, so as to improve the interaction efficiency, avoid transaction costs and other costs, and finally promote the system to produce the effect of "the whole is greater than the sum of parts", and achieve the innovation and value increase of key and core technologies.#br#The network structure of "modularization-loose coupling" can eliminate the interaction obstacles between subjects and maximize the structural dividends. It is the key and core technology innovation breakthrough law of industry-university-research institution collaborative complex network at the system structure level. Specifically, the sub-modules with heterogeneous functions in the key and core technology industry-university-research institution collaborative complex system interact with other modules on a relatively independent basis, so that the whole collaborative system has stability and maintains a certain flexibility. The sub-modules are connected with each other according to the principle of "loose coupling", so as to minimize information redundancy, reduce conflicts and opportunistic risks, improve system flexibility, scalability and the reusability of elements, save management costs and finally promote the innovation and breakthrough of key and core technologies.#br#This study provides some of enlightenment for the key and core technology industry-university-research institution collaborative policy-making and enterprise innovation management. The three parties in the industry-university-research collaboration mechanism framework should evaluate their own resources and find partners purposefully, clarify their network positions and improve collaboration ability accordingly. Moreover, at the national level, the government should appropriately guide and set up technological specialization module development programs according to China's current development stage and basic national conditions, and effectively employ administrative means to establish connections with domestic and foreign resources; at the enterprise level, relevant enterprises should set their own technology sub-module strategies according to their own advantages and disadvantages. It is also vitalfor the government and enterprises to improve relevant systems to ensure the collaboration progress, such as further improving the institutional innovation and incentive policy system design and creating an open, integrated and resilient corporate culture.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 407 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1998KB] ( 898 )
12 Operational Mechanism of National Laboratory Assessment Orienting to Strategic Management
You Hanlin,Ban Yanjun,Fang Chao
Nowadays, science and technology innovation plays a critical role in economic modernization development and national defense construction of China. It becomes an urgent requirement to build an efficient strategic innovation system guided by national laboratories in order to promote Chinese science and technology development strategy. Accordingly, the development of Chinese national laboratories is entering an important period of strategic opportunities with rocketing attention and investment from government, enterprises and the public. However, the construction and operation of Chinese national laboratories is also facing complex challenges due to the lack of management experience and relative shortage of research and development (R&D) resource.Thus it is an essential procedure to promote the efficiency of R&D resource by accelerating the improvement of assessment mechanism orienting to the strategic management requirements. #br#On the basis ofthe comprehensive overview of relative researches, this article presents four main work to discuss the operation mechanism design and promote assessment of Chinese national laboratories. Firstly, the characteristics of strategic management of national laboratories are summarized through comparing with enterprises and public administrative sectors. It is suggested that both public welfare and economic performance should be given consideration into formulating the strategic goals, of which the direction should be consistent with the national science and technology innovation strategy; it should be taken into consideration of both objective R&D laws and actual operational situation of national laboratoriesin the strategy development phase; both user demands and speciality of scientific institutions should be taken into account in developing the control and feedback criteria. Secondly, 5 functions of national laboratory assessment in the life-cycle procedure of strategic management are discussed, including examining the development strategic direction of national laboratories in the requirement demonstration phase, screening feasible proposals in the project approval phase, adjusting the budgets in the resource allocation phase,rating the comprehensive performance in key operation milestones and identifying problems, analyzing causes and developing solutions in the whole life-cycle procedure. Thirdly, the assessment practices of the Chinese key state laboratories, national laboratories funded by the Department of Energy and Max Planck Society are analyzed through a comparative case study. Moreover, the shortcomings of current assessment operational mechanism are unveiled based on the analysis results. #br#According to the results of the comparative case study, it is discovered that the assessment practice of Chinese national R&D institutions still remains in the primary development stage“orienting to inspection and acceptance”. The assessment operation mechanism has not been integrated into the life-cycle strategic management, which weakens the decision support performance of assessment conclusions. Meanwhile, the shortcomings also involve the data collection of R&D information, selection of consulting experts, developing assessment index sets and organizational processes of assessment activities. There are significant gaps between current capabilities and requirements of scientific and practical national laboratories assessment. On the basis ofthese mentioned findings, it is suggested that R&D decision-makers should improve the assessment operational mechanism from 4 aspects: improving the work programme, regulations & guidance and knowledge accumulation & reuse of national laboratory assessment which follow all activities in each phase of life-cycle strategic management; moving forward the focused priorities and allocated resources of national laboratory assessment appropriately; promoting the development and application of relative software systems for supporting national laboratory assessment;and constructing the effective and efficient management mechanism of consulting experts.#br#The national laboratory assessment involves a complex systemcontaining large-scale different elements and dynamic interacts, therefore there are great difficulties in the analysis, design and implementation. This research provides a preliminary but novelty attempt of framework discussion for operational mechanism of national laboratory assessment orienting to strategic management. With the cooperation of theory & approach researchers, assessment organizers & operators, information system developer and consulting experts, the assessment capability and practice can be promoted to higher stages, such as accompanying assessment and diagnostic assessment.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 12-20 [Abstract] ( 315 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1344KB] ( 296 )
21 Cooperation Willingness for Enterprise Technical Standard Alliance Based on the "Belt and Road Initiative": A Leadship-follower Network Consistency Analysis
')" href="#"> Zhou Qing,Chen Risheng,Yang Wei
As the main characteristic of market environment in countries along the Belt and Road routes, high market uncertainty has posed a significant challenge for internationalization process of China’s advanced standards. To break through the environmental restriction and realize a win-win outcome, Chinese enterprises should establish technology standard alliance network (TSAN) with strong cooperation willingness,in order to resist the threats of internal and external risks and promote the co-creation of standard values. This paper focuses on enriching the theory about the cooperation willingness, formation mechanism, and governance model of TSAN, for these topics have been ignored in prevailing studies.#br#This paper analyzes 1 227 technology standard alliance projects along the Belt and Road routes. This attribution forms diversified alliance networks. To be specific, a network can be formed based on cooperative relationships among the alliance entities. The TSAN for the "Belt and Road Initiative"is a cooperative network to develop technological standards based on innovation, in which Chinese enterprises and enterprises along the Belt and Road routes effectively allocate resources based on their respective advantages and principles, such as“risks sharing, benefits sharing, complementary advantagesand common development”.#br#The cooperation willingness is the key factor to determine the stability of TSAN. Cooperation willingness can strenthen the alliance cooperation, reduce the cooperation costs, avoid risks, enhance mutual learning, deepen exchanges, and promote cooperation and innovation. To measure cooperation willingness in TSAN, an indicator system based on existing research is developed. This system consists of three dimensions including network scale, network structure and leadership position.#br#This paper collects news from the official website of Belt and Road and utilizes the text mining method to analyze the collected data. These data can identify the size and structure of the alliance network and set the scene properly. Meanwhile, this paper applies the leadership-follower network consistency model to analysis the impact of cooperation willingness on TSNA.#br#The result reveals five alliance models, among which the central decentralized network and group-oriented alliance network have strong cooperation willingness; the principal-agent network has weak cooperation willingness; the coexistence and coexistence network has limitations, i.e., the shorter the industrial chain, the stronger the cooperation willingness. Moreover, the interconnection of the alliance network is the ideal state of alliance development as network cooperation is more balanced. No matter which enterprise leads the alliance, the cooperation willingness remains the same. It can be found that the single-center governance model in which Chinese enterprises act as the single leader can enhance the cooperation willingness in alliance network. #br#In the nutshell, the stable network characteristics are the essential factors to promote the cooperation willingness in alliance network. Network scale, network structure and the leadership position are essential in alliance model, in which network scale is the basic of other indicators. Only if the scale of the alliance network is reasonable can the participants establish diversified cooperative relationships to enrich network structure, promote absorption of the entire network in the process of technology innovation and standard R&D, and develop the innovation performance. Meanwhile, leadership position plays the role of accelerator and stabilizer to increase the cooperation willingness.On the basis of the reasonable scale and structure of the alliance network, different roles and responsibilities of leading enterprises should be considered for choosing appropriate leading positions in various situations.#br#This paper enriches development and governance theory of the technology standard alliance network. Firstly, this paper reveals the formation and development mechanism of TSNA. Secondly,itillustrates the governance of TSNA based on the "Belt and Road Initiative" from the perspective of social network. Finally, this paper is practically significant for decision-making on the development of TSNA based on the "Belt and Road Initiative". In conclusion, it is important to utilize diversified alliance models to enhance the cooperation willingness of TSNA for the enterprises in the Belt and Road regions. Chinese enterprises should identify the regional resource endowment along the Belt and Road routs and select a reasonable model to construct TSNA.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 200 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1388KB] ( 197 )
Regional Scientific Development
30 Flowof Innovation Elements and Urban Green Innovation Development:The Spatial Moderating Effect ofData Elements' Flow Environment
Peng Ying,Li Shimei
In the high-quality development stage of China's economy,green innovation is the fundamental driving force for green growth and green welfare which are the ultimate goals of green innovation. Strategies ofgreen sustainable development and innovative development are inevitable choices for China's high-quality economic development. It is also a must to realize the domestic cycle to promote the free flow of innovation elements in the construction of a unified national market. In addition, a good sharing and circulation environment of data element can not only promote the effective flow of data elements anddeeply tap the potential of data elements and fully release the dividends of data elements, but also guide the orderly flow and precise matching of innovative elements such as talents and capital. Then does innovation elements mobility promote urban green innovation development? What exactly is the role of the flow environment of data elements in the development of urban green innovation? An in-depth exploration of the above two issues provides an empirical reference for the formulation of policies related to the synergistic development of "innovation" and "green" in cities in the digital economyto fully explore the potential value of data elements and enable the development of urban green innovation.#br#This study uses the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019,and employs the gravity model to measure the flow of innovation elements and the environment index of data-flow. Then it measures the development efficiency of urban green innovation by the SBM-undesirable model, and uses the spatial Durbin model to empirically analyze the spatial impact of the flow of innovation elements on the development of urban green innovation, and explore the mitigation effect of innovation element mismatch in the flow environment of data elements, as well as its spatial adjustment effect on the development of urban green innovation.#br#The research finds that firstly, the flow of innovation elements only promotes the development of local green innovation by improving the efficiency of green technology, but also inhibits the development of green innovation in neighboring areas. Secondly, the flow environment of data elements can ensure the free flow of talents and capital innovation elements in an orderly manner, and improve the matching efficiency of urban talents and capital innovation elements, and there is an effect of mitigating the mismatch of innovation elements. Thirdly, under the spatial adjustment effect of the flow of data elements, from the perspective of local effects, the flow of talent innovation elements promotes the development of urban green innovation by affecting the efficiency of green technology and the progress of green technology, showing the characteristics of "dual-track drive"; while the element flow of capital innovation only improves green technological efficiency and the level of urban green innovation and development, showing the characteristics of "single-track drive". From the spatial spillover effect, the flow environment of data element can reasonably regulate the spatial flow of talent and capital innovation, generate mismatch mitigation effect ofinnovation elements and a positive spatial spillover effect on green innovation development in neighboring regions through improving green technology efficiency and enhance green technology progress. Thus, under the spatial regulation of flow environment of data elements, the driving characteristic of innovation elements flow to urban green innovation development is changed from being "single-track driven" to "double-track driven", and innovation elements flow has a strong positive spatial spillover effect on urban green innovation development.#br#The conclusions of this paper enrich the research on the relationship between the flow of innovation elements, the flow environment of data elements and the development of green innovation. Different from the previous literature, this study innovatively uses the gravity model to measure the flow environment indicators of urban data elements, and selects the number of employees in the ICT industry as the core variable. It takes the urban market environment, communication environment, and Internet environment as attractive variables, and uses the spatial Durbin model to test the spatial correlation and technology transmissions path related to the flow of innovation elements, the flow environment of data elements, and the development of green innovation. The research conclusions provide policy support for guiding the free flow of innovation elements in an orderly manner, fully releasing the dividends of data elements, and realizing the development of urban green innovation.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1299KB] ( 336 )
40 The Impact of China′s Embeddedness in the Global Value Chain on Green Technology Innovation
Liu Jianping,Cheng Shenglin
With the deepening of opening to the world, China'sembeddedness in the global value chains has been continuously improved. At present, China is one of the country deeply embedded in the global value chain. It is undeniable that China has fully enjoyed the dividends brought by integrating into the global economy, and has witnessed rapid economic growth. However at the beginning of reform and opening up, due to the constraints of relative surplus of labor factors, relatively insufficient supply of capital factors, China could only integrate into the global value chain in the way of"low-end embedding",andthere is a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of resource endowment and technical capabilities. The transfer of low value-added production to China has led to a series of environmental pollution problems. Under the background that all countries in the world regard green technology innovation as an important means to achieve economic growth and ecological environment synergy, this paper discusses whether China's embedding in the global value chain has impacted on green technology innovation, and how China's green technology innovation has been affected by different regions and different periods of time, which is of great significance for China to continue to embed in the global value chains both at present and in the future, and meanwhile carry out green technology innovation to achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and environmental protection.#br#On the basis ofthe theoretical analysis of the characteristics, mechanisms, heterogeneity, lag and dynamic effects of global value chain embeddedness affecting green technology innovation, this paper uses the panel data of 25 provinces from 2008 to 2018 to measure their GVC embeddedness, and studies the impact of global value chain embeddedness on green technology innovation. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) From the national level, green technology innovation is a dynamic evolution and a step-by-step process. Embedding the global value chain has a significant role in promoting green technology innovation, but there is a gradual weakening lag effect. (2) From the perspective of time, there are obvious time differences in the impact of embedding in the global value chain on green technology innovation. With the improvement of China's independent innovation level and the strengthening of environmental regulations, as well as the trend of anti-globalization in developed countries, the influence of global value chains embeddedness on green technology innovation is gradually weakening recently. (3) From a regional perspective, there are obvious regional differences in the impact of embedding global value chains on green technology innovation. The impact of embedding global value chains in central and western regions on green technology innovation is more important than that in eastern regions. According to the impact of GVC embeddedness on green technology innovation, it is necessary for China to further optimize policies to increase GVC embeddedness, amplify the spillover effects of embeddedness in GVCs, and reduce technological imbalances among different regions.#br#There are some marginal contributions of this research. First, it expands the pure knowledge spillovers result from embeddeding in the general network to the international knowledge and technology spillovers result from embeddeding in the global value chain focusing on the international division of labor within products, and analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of global value chain embedding affecting green technology innovation. This theoretical innovation has laid a solid foundation for in-depth analysis of the impact of GVC embedding on green technology innovation; the second is to incorporate various factors affecting green technology innovation into the analytical framework of GVC embedding affecting green technology innovation, it also analyzes GVC embedding on green technology innovation and the impact of other factors on green technology innovation. The innovation in this analytical framework makes the conclusion that GVC embedding affects green technology innovation more scientific; thirdly, the overall situation of the impact of China's global value chain embeddedness on green technology innovation is analyzed by time and space heterogeneity, which confirms the reality that China's global value chain embeddedness affects green technology innovation,so that the analysis is more comprehensive.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 40-49 [Abstract] ( 253 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1335KB] ( 1016 )
Industrial Technological Progress
50 The Evolution Path of Big Data Industrial Ecosystem Based on Logistic-entropy Model
Zhai Lili,Liu Xiaoshan,Yang Caixia
With the continuous upgrading and popularization of the new generation of information technologies, such as cloud computing, mobile Internet, Internet of things and artificial intelligence, the world has stepped into the era of digital economy. As a strategic emerging industry, the big data industry has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life.The national big data strategy proposed at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has promoted China's transformation from a "data big country" to a "data powerhouse".The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan issued by the state emphasizes accelerating the promotion of digital industrialization, promoting the digital transformation of industries, and creating a good digital ecology.The potential of big data is immeasurable, and those countries that are the first to establish a complete big data industry ecosystemhave a head start in the international industry competition. Therefore, the construction of a complete big data industry ecosystem is of great significance for building a data power and improving national competitiveness. The research on the evolution path of the big data industrial ecosystem can timely and accurately judge the state of the system, clarify the development direction of the big data industrial ecosystem, and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the big data industry ecosystem.#br#In the evolution process of big data industrial ecosystem, on the one hand, subject populations with different characteristics develop symbiosis under the influence of the change of inter-subject relationship, and the population growth law conforms to the Logistic growth function model in biology. The Logistic model is widely used in the study of inter-subject relationship change, population evolution law and other issues, and has extensive practicality in the study of industrial evolution and development. At present, the academic community mainly uses the Logistic model to study the inter-subject relationship of different categories of populations, such as populations with different corporate functional characteristics and populations with different data themes, and provides the evolutionary path of populations with different characteristics. On the other hand, as an important production factor, data resources are the core resources for the development of the big data industrial ecosystem, and the influence of resource flow on system evolution should be considered. But the Logistic model cannot reflect the influence of resources, while the entropy model can help to study the influence of resource change on system development and evolution and optimize system resource allocation, and it is often used to study the system evolution caused by the change of system entropy flow. Therefore, this paper divides the main body of the big data industry ecosystem in detail according to different data sources. On this basis, the Logistic model and the entropy model are combined to construct the Logistic-entropy model which is used to comprehensively analyze the competition and cooperation relationship of inter-subject, the flow state of system resources and the evolution state of different populations, and the system evolution should aim at the increase of negentropy.#br#Through the Logistic—entropy model analysis, different enterprise populations and system integration evolution paths of big data industrial ecosystem are obtained.The data production enterprise population follows the evolution path of business data agglomeration—multiple channel data expansion—intelligent data application; the data serviceevolution path of enterprise population is data cloud aggregation—high quality data fusion—data assets; the evolution path of the transformation enterprise population is business information networking—process reengineering digitalization—service application intelligentizing; the evolution path of the big data industry ecosystem is the establishment of big data cloud storage processing center-data fusion expansion— digital intelligent application. Finally, according to the results of the model analysis, different transformation directions and industrial policies are proposed for different enterprise populations in the big data industrial ecosystem, so as to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the big data industrial ecosystem. At the same time, the studyprovides important theoretical support for the implementation of big data development strategy at the national, industry and enterprise levels.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 50-60 [Abstract] ( 214 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3894KB] ( 242 )
61 The Mechanism and Effect of the Promotion of Industrial Structure Upgrading by Digital Economy
Liu Hedong,Ji Ran
The upgrading of industrial structure is the internal driving force and the important premise to promote the high-quality development of China's economy, and the digital economy is the catalyst for the upgrading of industrial structure and the high-quality development of China's economy. At present, China is in a critical period of industrial structural transformation and upgrading and the transformation of economic structure, and the digital economy has become an important driver in promoting high-quality economic development. In this context, clarifying the relationship between digital economy and industrial structure upgrading will help promote the upgrading of China's industrial structure and effectively achieve high-quality economic development.#br#However from the perspective of research objects, scholars either only focus on the analysis of the impact of digital industrialization on industrial structure upgrading, or only focus on the impact of industrial digitalization, ignoring the joint impact of digital economy (including digital industrialization and industrial digitalization); from the perspective of research methods, there is a linear and nonlinear relation between digital industrialization, industrial digitalization, digital economy and industrial structure upgrading, but scholars are only limited to linear research, and lack of nonlinear relation research between them. Then what is the mechanism of digital industrialization, industrial digitization and digital economy to promote industrial structure upgrading? Which effect is bigger,digital industrialization or industry digitization?#br#This paper analyzes the mechanism of digital industrialization, industrial digitization and digital economy promoting industrial structure upgrading. (1) Digital industrialization promotes the upgrading of industrial structure. From the time dimension, digital industrialization improves the efficiency of each stage of the industrial chain (design, production and commercialization) through matching and intelligent effect, and promotes the advanced industrial structure. From the spatial dimension, digital industrialization promotes new industries through the derivative effect, and realizes the rationalization of industrial structure. (2) Industrial digitalization promotes the upgrading of industrial structure. From the time dimension, industrial digitalization improves the efficiency of each stage of the industrial chain through the effect of penetration and integration, and promotes the upgrading of industrial structure. From the spatial dimension, industrial digitization optimizes resource allocation and promotes the rationalization of industrial structure through driving and correlation effects. (3)The digital economy promotes the upgrading of industrial structure and industrial structure upgrading through superposition and multiplication effect. This paper builds a threshold effect model, and collects relevant data on digital economy and industrial structure upgrading in 30 provinces and municipalities from 2011 to 2020.By accurate measurement of the effect of digital industrialization, industrial digitization and digital economy, it analyzes the relation between digital industrialization and industrialization in various regions, and makes a visual analysis of the synergy of the industrial digitalization level.#br#It is concluded that digital industrialization has an inverted u-shaped increasing effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; industrial digitization has a positive and increasing effect on it; digital industrialization has a greater promoting effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; digital economy has a positive and increasing effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; there are four types of the synergy level of digital industrialization and industrial digitization:the double high type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization,the double low type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization,the enhanced type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization and the enhanced type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization.#br#Given the above conclusions, it is firstly suggested to increase investment in research and development to promote innovation in digital technology, accelerate the transformation of digital technology achievements from research and development to finished products and cultivate a new generation of digital industrial clusters. Secondly it is necessary to strengthen industrial digitalization to empower innovation and fully release digital dividends. Thirdly it is important to focus on common digital technology research and build digital industry clusters. Fourthly it is vital to coordinate the development layout of the regional digital economy, and continue to promote the coordinated development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Lastly governments should implement policies in different regions and develop according to local conditions. For example, the double-high eastern region needs to continue to maintain a high level of digital economy; the double-low central and western regions need to further improve the level of industrial digitization and digital industrialization.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 61-70 [Abstract] ( 369 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1665KB] ( 432 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
71 The Driving Path of Enterprise Original Innovation: A Configuration Analysis Based on TOE Framework
Zeng Jingwei,Li Baizhou,Song Peng,Wang Xin
How to promote enterprises to actively carry out original innovation and accelerate the breakthrough of core key technologies in relevant fields is a key issue in the cultivation of China's innovation ability. In order to solve this problem, scholars have explored and analyzed the influencing factors of enterprise original innovation. However, most studies only explore from certain factors, without considering the joint action of multi-level factors. In fact, the original innovation of enterprises needs the joint action of multi-level elements. Therefore,this paper discusses the impact of technical factors, organizational factors and environmental factors of the original innovation of enterprises based on the TOE theoretical model, and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the configuration effect among the factors.#br#Firstly, the paper systematically reviews the research on enterprise original innovation and TOE theory framework. According to the characteristics of enterprise original innovation, the paper selects the technical ability and technical management ability as the representative variables on the technical level, the original innovation atmosphere and executive support as the representative variables on the organizational level, and the market orientation and policy orientation as the representative variables on the environmental level. Then it constructs the TOE research framework of enterprise original innovation.#br#Secondly, the paper uses the method of questionnaire survey for empirical analysis. The empirical test is carried out with the questionnaire data of 206 enterprises. The study tests the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and uses the method of fsQCA to analyze the configuration effect of variables. The results show that there are five antecedent configuration paths to realize high-level enterprise original innovation: the technology management and original innovation atmosphere driven path under the dominant of technology and market; the technology and market pluralism path combining policy, top management support and technology management; original innovation atmosphere and policy driven path under the guidance of technology and market; the technology dominant path combining policy, technology management and organizational factors; the market leading path combining technology management, original innovation atmosphere and top management support. The complementary substitution relationship among technology, organization and environment is also found in the configuration path of high enterprise original innovation. Moreover there are two antecedent configuration paths for non-high enterprise original innovation. The two paths include non-high technology capability, non-high top management support, non-high market orientation and non-high policy orientation, which indicates that the lack of technology, organization and environment leads to non-high performance of enterprise original innovation.〖HJ*3〗#br#Finally, the study defines the differentiated driving path of enterprise original innovation, opens the black box of enterprise original innovation driving path, and provides an important basis for realizing enterprise original innovation. #br#This study proposes the TOE analysis framework of enterprise original innovation, widens the application scenario of TOE framework and helps to refine the dynamic matching effect of elements on different levels. It systematically integrates the factors on the three levels of technology, organization and environment, and makes up for the limitation of the lack of linkage between multi-level factors within the TOE framework. In addition, the study finds the multiple concurrent causality of enterprise original innovation and the complementary substitution relationship of multi-level elements of technology, organization and environment among different configuration paths.#br#For enterprises they should pay attention to three aspects on the original innovation. Firstly the enterprises should choose the appropriate original innovation path based on their situation, which will help to better realize the emergence of original innovation and effectively avoid the failure of original innovation. Secondly they should actively create an original innovation atmosphere, enhance the strategic height of original innovation, fully explore and explore market dynamics, improve the fit between enterprise development and government policies, and realize the joint force of multi-level elements. Thirdly the government should guide enterprises to continuously enhance their technological strength, strengthen the interaction with enterprises, build policy combination advantages, ensure the technological accumulation of enterprise original innovation, and continuously stimulate enterprises' original innovation willingness.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 71-80 [Abstract] ( 551 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1375KB] ( 469 )
81 Does Internationalization Expansion Promote Green Innovation of Multinational Enterprises? The Moderating Effect of Environmental Regulations and Industry Normalization
Wang Chen,Lyu Mengli,Qiao Penghua
Since the green innovation has become the top priority of sustainable development of enterprises in China, the coordinated development of economy and environment has become a new proposition for the development of enterprises. However, limited by domestic technology level and green knowledge, enterprises are confronted with various obstacles in the process of green transformation. In the process of international expansion, those multinational enterprises will inevitably continue to be exposed to advanced and innovative knowledge from abroad, especially green technology and knowledge. However, most of the existing studies mainly analyze the impact of foreign investment on the green innovation of domestic enterprises, and few scholars pay attention to the impact of international expansion on the green innovation. In fact, there are big differences in the impacts of the "bringing in "strategy and the "going out" strategy on enterprises. In particular, internationalization activities have always been regarded as a key path for multinational enterprises to improve their domestic innovation level by introducing cutting-edge technologies and scarce resources from overseas. Therefore, the study of the impact mechanism of international expansion on green innovation has great significance for Chinese multinational enterprises to realize green transformation and sustainable development. In addition, economic behaviors of enterprises are restricted by local institutions, therefore the role of local institutional environment cannot be ignored, and particularly the current institutional environment in China shows complexity and diversity. #br#Wherefore, from the perspective of organizational learning theory, this paper focuses on the influence mechanism of international expansion on green innovation of multinational enterprises. Moreover, it introduces two dimensions of the institutional environment, environmental regulation and industry normalization respectively, and deeply analyzes the moderating role of the two institutions between the relationship of international expansion and green innovation. This study has crucial practical significance for multinational enterprises to make full use of the green innovation dividend brought by international expansion, grasp the favorable domestic policy environment, and build a green innovation organism.#br#This paper selects A-share listed multinational enterprises from 2010 to 2020 as the research sample which includes 2482 observations. Given the validity of the study sample, the candidate sample is treated as follows: removing companies that have been public for less than two years; excluding financial and insurance industries whose assets, capital structure and operating characteristics; eliminating ST companies with poor financial status or other abnormal conditions; finally, eliminating incompletely exact data from a database or search engine sample information of enterprise. The hypothesis is verified by defining variables and constructing the multiple liner regression model, where green innovation is measured by a textual content approach. Further, the mediation effect test model is used to test the mediation path of environmental awareness and environmental practice of multinational enterprises.#br#The results show that international expansion has a significant positive impact on green innovation, and it can bring green innovation dividend for multinational enterprises. Environmental regulation strengthens the positive relationship between international expansion and green innovation, which reflects the compulsion of environmental regulation and the action power of multinational enterprises to actively respond to relevant environmental policies. While industry normalization plays a substitution role in the relationship between international expansion and green innovation, revealing the dual effects of industry normalization；industry normalization not only regulates but also provides services for green innovation of multinational enterprises, thus enhancing the green innovation ability.#br# Combined with organizational learning theory, institutional theory and green innovation research results, this study provides theoretical support and certain guiding significance for promoting green innovation and realizing sustainable development of Chinese multinational enterprises. The empirical results of the study confirm the impact of international expansion on green innovation. Thence, multinational enterprises should develop effective international learning models and actively cultivate and transform the advantages brought by international expansion. In the process of international expansion, enterprises should actively establish a green image, broaden the acquisition channels of green knowledge and innovation resources, and truly play the value-added role of green innovation in the process of international expansion. Finally, local governments and relevant departments should accelerate thebuilding of a diversified policy pattern and operating mechanism for green innovation, create matching support for green innovation of enterprises according to local development 〖HJ〗characteristics and growth stages, and promote long-term green development.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 81-91 [Abstract] ( 255 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1449KB] ( 479 )
92 How Business Model Design Promotes Sustainability-oriented Innovation Performance：A Multi-case Study on the Grounded Theory
Yang Xuanzhi,Luo Wei,Tang Zhen
In recent years, China's rapid economic development has been achieved at the expense of resources, environment and social welfare.The problems of environmental and social presented by the centennial industrialization in western developed countries are presented in the way of “time-space compression” in China.Innovation-driven economic development has become a consensus.However, how to achieve win-win of economy, environment and society through innovation has become an urgent problem under the concept of high-quality development.Sustainability-oriented innovation which "integrates the triple bottom lines of environmental, economic and social" is regarded as a "better management innovation" to guide the future.The root logic and mechanism chain of promoting sustainability-oriented innovation performance have not been found neither from the aspect of existing industry practice nor theoretical research.#br#With the development of new technologies, the guidance of new demand and the emergence of new formats of business, more and more enterprises begin to re-examine and design their business models to cope with future challenges.It can be said that business model design guides the whole process of value creation and has a more direct, significant and long-term impact on innovation performance than product design and technical design.Therefore, following thegrounded theory, this paper takes 6 companies as examples to deduce the effect path of business model design on sustainability-oriented innovation performance.#br#Data of 6 case enterprises are obtained through in-depth interview, observation method and secondary written materials.With the help of Nvivo software, 130 free nodes, 64 initial categories, 31 sub-categories and 8 main categories are successively concluded through the process of open coding, axial coding, selective coding and other rooted theory analysis.After that, three initial theoretical propositions are formed as follows.(1) The more complete and systematicenterprise's thinking on the content design, structure design and governance design of commercial activities, the more prominent enterprise performance of economic, environmental and social innovation.(2) The more complete and systematic enterprise's thinking on the content design, structure design and governance design of commercial activities, the more obvious arranging behavior of knowledge activities coordination which include procedural and non-procedural types.(3) The more obvious arranging behavior of knowledge activities coordination which include procedural and non-procedural, the more prominent enterprise performance of economic, environmental and social innovation.#br#On this basis, drawing on the logic ofthinking behavior results, this study deduces the effect path of business model design on sustainability-oriented innovation performance, that is “business model design-knowledge governance-sustainability-oriented innovation performance”.The research shows that the micro, meso, and macro structure levels embodied in business model design, the explicit and implicit dimensions embodied in knowledge governance, the foundation, anddevelopment, and value-added embodied in sustainability-oriented innovation performance have a specific corresponding relationship with one another.#br#The theoretical contribution of this study lies in two aspects.(1) This paper regards design thinking as a way of thinking that runs through the whole life cycle of enterprise organization, and applies it to the field of enterprise management, which enriches the interdisciplinary research of design thinking theory.(2) Through normative grounded analysis, the “black box” of the influence process of business model design on sustainability-oriented innovation performance has been opened based on the actual needs of enterprises, which lays an important theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical research.#br#The research conclusions provide the following enlightenment for enterprise managers to realize the virtuous cycle of sustainability-oriented innovation performance.(1) In order to achieve sustainability-oriented innovation performance, enterprise managers should first grasp the root factor of thinking transformation.(2) Since the relationship among economic, environmental and social innovation performance is not mutually exclusive,enterprise managers should pay attention to the synergistic development among the three innovation performance so as to achieve high-quality development.(3) In the era of Internet acceleration and knowledge economy, enterprise managers should realize the important role of formal and informal knowledge governance in the realization path of sustainability-oriented innovation performance to build a bridge for the realization of positive results.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 92-101 [Abstract] ( 289 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1683KB] ( 430 )
102 Mechanism of Intelligent Manufacturing on Enterprise Disruptive Innovation:A Case Study of Haier Based on Grounded Theory
Wang Haijun,Yu Jiawen,Tian Xiaoran,Zhu Aimin
With the development of information technology, the fourth industrial revolution based on information technology has had an impact on China's manufacturing industry. China stands at a new crossroad and proposes the transformation of intelligent manufacturing. In the new round of revolutionary waves, the manufacturing enterprises take the revolutionary opportunity brought by intelligent manufacturing which will help to grasp the market opportunity and facilitate“the switch of runways and the surpassing of competitors”. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how intelligent manufacturing can enable disruptive innovation of enterprises.#br#On the basis of the relevant literature on intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation, this study firstly clarifies the definition of intelligent manufacturing and the relationship between intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation. Secondly, according to the theoretical analysis, Haier Group is selected for the study. Through the communication with the middle and senior management of Haier Group, the first-hand information is obtained, and then the second-hand information is acquired through the official website and HowNet. Finally, taking the qualitative data acquired from in-depth interviews with Haier Group as a foundation, the study adopts the grounded theory method to encode the first and second hand data, bridging the two theories of intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation with the focus on the key factors for intelligent manufacturing enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation and the generation and evolution mechanism of disruptive innovation enabled by intelligent manufacturing, providing reference for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, succeed in "overtaking", and promoting the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing industry.#br#The results show that "production mode change", "organizational structure evolution" and "cooperative network innovation" are important factors to promote disruptive innovation. Firstly, the change of production mode is the premise for manufacturing enterprises to build the core advantage of disruptive innovation. Intelligent manufacturing makes use of the new generation of information technology to bring customers into the research and development of products and realize large-scale personalized customization. On the basis of production mode transformation, the organizational structure and cooperation network of the enterprise are reconstructed. In terms of organizational structure, the enterprise will be transformed into a platform enterprise, and a user centered network platform will be built to facilitate "zero distance" interaction with users and realize the lifetime value of users. In terms of cooperation network, the product modular architecture is used to facilitate the absorption of external excellent resources and the construction of a parallel resource ecosystem. Secondly, the evolution of organizational structure is the basis for manufacturing enterprises to build the core advantage of disruptive innovation. Platform enterprises can effectively communicate internal and external resources and unblock the channels for enterprises to understand the personalized needs of users. In addition, they will "flatten" the organization and provide corresponding incentive mechanisms to stimulate the entrepreneurial team's innovative spirit and create a new generation of disruptive innovative products. Finally, cooperative network innovation is the key for manufacturing enterprises to build the core advantage of disruptive innovation. It helps to break the boundaries of enterprises, establish cooperative partnerships with all kinds of innovation organizations, scientific research institutions and technology holders around the world, integrate global resources, carry out rapid iterative research and development according to user needs, improve enterprise innovation ability and achieve win-win results. #br#The research findings bridge the two theories of intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation,and provide a new perspective for the research of intelligent manufacturing. Then from the micro perspective, the study decrypts the successful road of Haier Group's intelligent manufacturing, and provides reference for the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing.Finally, the theoretical model of realizing disruptive innovation in intelligent manufacturing enterprises is constructed, and the generation and evolution mechanism of disruptive innovation in intelligent manufacturing enterprises is analyzed and this paper provides academic evidence for Chinese enterprises to better tap the potential of intelligent manufacturing and promote disruptive innovation in the new era.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 102-113 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3055KB] ( 620 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
114 The Exercise Logic of Co-ownership of Job-based Scientific and Technological Achievements in the Context of the Empowerment Reform
Ge Zhangzhi
The job-based S&T achievements account for the vast majority of the total S&T achievements, and their transformation and implementation are of great significance to economic and social development both in China and overseas. The reform measure to endow scientific research personnel with the ownership of scientific and technological achievements is to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific research personnel for innovation and entrepreneurship through the way of property right incentive, and itopens up a new path to promote the transformation of S&T achievements. However, the co-ownership of the job-based S&T achievements achieved through the empowerment has its particularity in the source of rights, subject, object and procedure. In the early stage, the academic and practical circles have conducted in-depth discussions on the ownership of S&T achievements,the theoretical basis for empowering scientific research personnel the ownership of job-based S&T achievements and so on. However, with the pilot advancement of empowerment reform, the focus is further shifted to the issue of how to exercise the co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements after empowerment. This paper attempts to explore this issue, and systematically discussescoordinate the rights and responsibilities between researchers and units,design the agreed contents under the constraint of legal rules, and how to prevent the risks related to the exercise of rights.#br#This paper takes the empowered co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements as the research object, investigates its static connotation representation and dynamic exercise requirements, demonstrates the value of shared rights between researchers and units from the perspective of path expansion, and emphasizes the coordination scheme of multiple objectives under the established path and the solutions to relevant risk problems andbreak down the mechanism obstacles that restrict the transformation of S&T achievements.#br#The results show that the special acquisition of co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements is mainly manifested in four aspects: the source of right is based on the existing unit's separate ownership, the object is related to the specific job-based S&T achievements, the subject starts from the transformation path selection of scientific research personnel, and the procedure is based on meeting the necessary process conditions. The standardized exercise of the co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements requires the joint exercise of scientific research personnel and the unit, the independent exercise of the co-owner, the classified exercise according to the forms of different S&T achievements, and the coordinated exercise within and outside the unit. In the process of exercise of rights, it is essential to pay attention to the balance of the relationship between the unit and scientific research personnel, the relationship between the R&D and the transformation, the relationship between the transformation of S&T achievements and the management of state-owned assets, and the relationship between S&T development and S&T security. At the same time, it is necessary to refine and improve the ownership autonomy rules of scientific research personnel and the unit to prevent risks such as the elimination of co-ownership caused by the difficulty of maintaining the co-ownership relationship, the recovery of rights caused by improper behavior after the empowerment, the formalistic evaluation of S&T achievements before market pricing, and the rejection of the entry of undertaking enterprises to the unit’s investment.#br#From the dual perspective of ontology and operation theory, this paper examines the goal pursuit and realization process of the empowerment co-ownership, which is a relatively holistic research on the empowerment of job-based S&T achievements, and complements the research on the ownership identification of job-based S&T achievements and the way selection, participation process, influencing factors and performance evaluation of the transformation of S&T achievements. It also has enlightening significance for the construction of the corresponding theoretical system. Although the co-ownership model of job-based S&T achievements also has its own shortcomings, in the context of the pilot empowerment reform, it is necessary to explore this model from the perspective of multi-path selection that is conducive to the transformation of S&T achievements, to estimate the relevant problems in the co-ownership path, and clarify the exercise logic of co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements, so as to jointly promote the smoothness and efficiency of the new path for the transformation of S&T achievements. The research results of this paper can provide guidance for researchers to participate in the path selection of achievement transformation activities.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 114-122 [Abstract] ( 267 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1299KB] ( 199 )
123 The Choice of Timing and Location in Patent Litigation:A Framework Based on the Theory of Competitive Dynamic
Ren Shengce,Liu Biying
Patent litigation embodies competitiveness, and the decision related to patent litigation is becoming more complex, especially the choice of timing and location of patent litigation in the competitive environment. Hence, this research project explores the following research questions: when and where shall a plaintiff file a patent litigation in the competitive interactions, and how should the defendant response? It delves into the mechanism and the consequence of plaintiff's choice of timing and location and defendant's response modes with consideration of competitive interaction.On the basis ofthe literature on patent litigation and competitive dynamic, the current study proposes a theoretical framework on the choice of timing and location of patent litigation. This framework is conducive for clarifying the nature of patent litigation.#br#This study mainly discusses the timing and location selection of patent litigation and its response mechanism. Firstly, it is necessary to classify and define the timing and location selection characteristics of patent litigation initiated by the plaintiff. Secondly, it is necessary to classify and define the response characteristics of the defendant to patent litigation. On one hand, for the timing of patent litigation, it is necessary to make a basic distinction between the temporal characteristics of patent litigation. In view of the important impact of key events on firms, according to the two-dimensional classification framework of "whether the plaintiff has key events" and "whether the defendant has key events" when patent litigation is initiated, the choice of patent litigation timing can be divided into four types. On the other hand, for the location of patent litigation, according to whether the location of the patent litigation court belongs to the two-dimensional classification framework of "plaintiff's location" and "defendant's location", the choice of space (location) of patent litigation can also be divided into four types. Moreover, for the response characteristics of the defendant after the initiation of patent litigation, according to the dynamic competition theory, after the patent litigation is initiated, the defendant's response to patent litigation can be categorized by two key dimensions: reaction speed and reaction intensity. Therefore, the defendant's response to patent litigation can be divided into four categories. On this basis, it further expands the space-time selection strategy of patent litigation and the response strategy of patent litigation.#br#The supposed mechanism model of the choice of timing and location in patent litigation is figured out based on the theoretical analysis. It is suggested that the factors affecting the timing and location choice of patent litigation are mainly reflected in three aspects, namely, the characteristics of both sides of patent litigation, industrial environment and institutional environment. The characteristic factors of both sides of patent litigation mainly include executive characteristics, relative market position, litigation experience, complementary assets, relative resource capacity, key market actions, etc. The influencing factors of industrial environment mainly include industrial technology characteristics (Discrete / complex technology, technology life cycle, technology modularization, technology uncertainty), industrial market characteristics (market scale, competition intensity, industrial development stage, etc.) and industrial regulation characteristics. Institutional factors mainly include patent system, degree of marketization, diversified dispute resolution mechanism and so on.#br#The hypothetical framework of defendant's responses and results of patent litigation in competitive interaction is figured out based on the theoretical analysis.It is suggested that, in patent litigation, there is a variety of choices about the defendant's response. To be more specific, they could be fast or slow in time; the reaction intensity can be intense or weak; in the way of response, we can choose negotiation, counterclaim, neglect and so on. These choices are influenced by the main factors such as the characteristics of both parties, institutional and industrial environment, and have an impact on the litigation process and results. Among them, the characteristics of both parties include senior management characteristics, relative resource capacity, relative market position and key market actions; institutional environmental factors include patent system, alternative dispute resolution mechanism and degree of marketization; industrial environment includes industrial technology characteristics, industrial market characteristics and industrial regulation characteristics. #br#In the future, patent litigation case studies can be conducted on the proposed framework model, and empirical research can be carried out based on a large number of micro data(patent litigation judgment document mining data, company competitive behavior data, market environment data, etc.) of patent litigation plaintiffs and defendants.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 123-130 [Abstract] ( 221 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1343KB] ( 195 )
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
131 The Formation and Promotion Path of Knowledge Capability in the Process of Enterprise Internationalization
Zhao Wenli,Ye Guangyu,Yan Yan
The knowledge learning, transfer and absorption of enterprises in the process of internationalization can provide more opportunities for home enterprises to solve customer problems. Therefore, many scholars believe that knowledge, as an important strategic resource, can help multinational enterprises obtain a competitive market advantage through appropriate management, exploration and utilization.#br# This paper attempts to answer the following two problems based on the dynamic capability theory:What are the constituent elements of knowledge capability in the process of internationalization? What is the development trend of each constituent element of knowledge capability in different internationalization stages (dynamic environment)? Then it summarize the promotion path of knowledge capability.#br#Through the analysis of three case enterprises, this study draws three main conclusions. Firstly knowledge capability includes four elements: knowledge recognition, knowledge acquisition, knowledge utilization and knowledge protection; knowledge recognition is the starting point of knowledge capability, and knowledge acquisition is the key step to increase enterprise knowledge reserve; the process of knowledge utilization is the process of transforming knowledge reserves into core competitiveness; knowledge protection provides a guarantee for the continuous improvement of enterprise competitiveness. #br#Secondly interaction with the outside world of the knowledge owned by enterprises should be continued. Therefore, the four elements of knowledge capability will show different development trends in different internationalization stages with the changes of their purpose and environment. Specifically, knowledge recognition is changed from fuzzy target search to key target search, and then to target enhancement; knowledge acquisition is changed from patchwork acquisition to active acquisition, and then to traction acquisition. The mode of knowledge utilization is changed from filter type to expansion type, and then to cooperative type. Knowledge protection starts from nothing and is changed from legal protection to technical barrier protection.#br# Thirdly the changes of the four elements in different stages constitute the promotion path of knowledge capability, and the path can be divided into prototype construction, expansion and integration. (1) In the international exploration stage, enterprises need to quickly adapt to market demand. This stage is called the embryonic stage, including fuzzy goal construction, piecemeal knowledge acquisition and filtered knowledge utilization. (2) In the international growth stage, enterprises begin to segment the market to meet the needs of market growth. Relying on the knowledge capability acquired in the previous stage, enterprises begin to actively seek to acquire knowledge, apply the filtered knowledge to proprietary fields, set up knowledge protection mechanism and form knowledge capability expansion stage. (3) In the mature stage of internationalization, creating customer demand is the primary goal of the enterprise. At this stage, due to the accelerated iterative updating of technical knowledge and customer knowledge, it is difficult to rely on only one enterprise. Enterprises begin to acquire knowledge through traction strategy and make collaborative use of the acquired knowledge to achieve the amplified effect. Since then, the knowledge integration capability stage of the enterprise has been formed.#br#This paper has three theoretical contributions. (1) Four elements of knowledge capability are identified. Specifically, this study emphasizes the prominent role of knowledge identification, and confirms that in order to avoid the rigidity of capability, enterprises often have to reflect on themselves to seek new knowledge capability; it distinguishes effective knowledge acquisition from efficient knowledge utilization;the study not only focuses on formal legal means, but also emphasizes informal protection methods, therefor it diversifies the methods of knowledge protection. (2) Dynamic capability theory holds that with the continuous change of the competitive environment, the acquisition and utilization of resources in enterprises should also have dynamic characteristics. Through analysis, this paper obtains the different forms of various elements of knowledge capability in different internationalization stages, and it makes up for the defect of mere static analysis of knowledge capability in previous studies. (3) It expands the applicable situation of knowledge capability. At present, most of the research on knowledge capability focuses on the domestic situation and ignores the interactive process of knowledge in the international situation. Therefore, from the perspective of the international market, this paper explores the promotion path of knowledge capability in developing the international market, and provides theoretical support for the implementation of enterprise internationalization strategy.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 131-141 [Abstract] ( 182 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1585KB] ( 195 )
142 The Impact of Knowledge Base on Innovation Willingness of High-tech Enterprises：ModerationEffects of Knowledge Field Activity and Mediating Effect of Market Perception
Zhang Zixuan,Chen Huaichao
The rapid development of information technology and the dynamic change of economic environment have brought unprecedented pressures to the research and development of high-tech enterprises, and thus stimulated the innovation willingness of enterprises. In the era of knowledge economy, the enterprise's competitive power increasingly depends on its own knowledge resources. Enterprises need to constantly broaden and deepen their knowledge base to keep enthusiasm for cutting-edge technologies and ideas, and then cope with the constantly changing external environment and improve their market competitiveness with their own knowledge base resources. The existing research ignores the innovation intention as the subjective will of the enterprise, and the intention is also affected by the internal knowledge base of the enterprise. However, the knowledge base of enterprise is not enough to fully stimulate its own innovation willingness, and external knowledge elements need to be introduced through cooperation with other subjects to jointly affect the enterprise's innovation willingness. This paper argues that knowledge field is a field formed by the flow and dispersion of knowledge elements between enterprises and relevant participants. In the context of high activity of knowledge field, it can promote the diffusion and aggregation of enterprise and external knowledge, enrich the internal knowledge resources of enterprises, and stimulate the innovation intention of enterprises. Furthermore, considering that the complex and changeable market environment faced by high-tech enterprises may affect the effect of enterprises' own resources on their innovation willingness, the study introduces market perception into the research framework. On this basis, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of knowledge base, knowledge field activity, market perception ability and innovation willingness, and analyzes the influence mechanism of knowledge base on high-tech enterprises' innovation willingness to explore the role of knowledge field activity and market perception in this mechanism.#br#This study chooses the high-tech enterprises as samples, mainly including information services, e-commerce services, testing services, professional and technical services of high technology, research and design services, science and technology achievements transformation services, intellectual property and related legal services, environmental testing, management services, and other high technology service enterprises. The respondents in this questionnaire survey are mainly middle and senior management personnel involved in R&D, marketing, procurement and logistics management in high-tech enterprises. This questionnaires are mainly distributed online with 363 questionnaires collected. After removing the questionnaires that are obviously not in line with the requirements, 311 valid questionnaires are obtained, with an effective rate of 85.675%. The research samples mainly focus on high-tech enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan provinces. Then, the reliability and validity tests and correlation analysis are carried out, and the relationship between these variables is analyzed by the multiple regression method and Bootstrap method.#br#This study provides some interesting empirical results. Firstly, both the depth and width of knowledge base can promote the innovation intention of high-tech enterprises. The results show that both diversified knowledge base and specialized knowledge base can help high-tech enterprises identify and discover new opportunities, stimulate interest and enthusiasm for new technologies and new ideas in the industry field, and promote the improvement of innovation willingness of high-tech enterprises. Secondly, knowledge field activity plays a moderating role in the influence of knowledge base depth and knowledge base depth on high-tech enterprises' innovation intention, revealing the role of knowledge base depth and knowledge base width on the level of knowledge field, and reflecting the inseparable correlation and interaction between internal knowledge base and external knowledge field. Finally, market perception plays a partial mediating role in the influence of knowledge base width and knowledge base depth on high-tech firms' innovation intention. The results show that the internal knowledge base can deepen the understanding of market changes, grasp relevant information and improve the market perception ability, which in turn further improves the innovation intention of high-tech enterprises.#br#In the actual management process, this study has a certain reference significance to enhance the innovation willingness of high-tech enterprises. Firstly, it is essential to actively expand the depth and width of their knowledge base, and stimulate the enterprise's willingness of innovation. Secondly, a good knowledge field environment is a must to provide a good external environment for enterprise knowledge interaction. Thirdly, in the practice of knowledge management, enterprises should pay attention to improve their own market perception ability.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 142-150 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1284KB] ( 199 )
Review
151 Construction of Integrated Analysis Framework and Future Prospect for Big Data Analytics Capability from the Organizational Perspective
Huang Bo,Song Jianmin,Li Yuyu,Xie Yi
As enterprises are surrounded by a large amount of transaction data, click data, voice data and video data, a great number of enterprises are devoted to leveraging the economic effect of big data. In this process, big data analytics capability (BDAC), defined as the ability to leverage data management, technology base and talent to develop business insights, has the unique value. Although previous studies have agreed that BDAC is the “potential direction for future management theory and practice”, they are still at a rudimentary state. On the one hand, the existing research rarely has discussed antecedent factors of BDAC, which greatly hinders enterprises from effectively cultivating BDAC. On the other hand, many studies have emphasized the positive effect of BDAC on the development of enterprises (e.g.competitive advantage, performance improvement and innovation), but the relevant empirical research results cannot be effectively converged. Instead, many enterprises are in a survival trap due to large investment on BDAC. To fill these research gaps, this study attempts to answer three questions on BDAC by adopting a literature review method. (1) What is the conception of BDAC and how to measure it? (2) What are antecedent factors for BDAC? (3) What are the resulting effects of BDAC? Finally, this study develops an integrated analysis framework of BDAC in organizational research in the hope of providing a theoretical guidance for future BDAC research.#br#This study obtains literature data from Web of Science database and CNKI database. Specifically, by limiting the timeframe for August 2021, 1 291 English articles and 8 Chinese articles are retrieved. Through intensive literature reading, 95 English articles and 6 Chinese articles are obtained for analysis.#br#The existing research focuses on discussing BDAC based on resource-based theory and dynamic capability view. Meanwhile, they attempt to adopt a survey method and secondary objective indicators to measure BDAC. However, a growing number of studies are calling for the study of BDAC from the perspective of sociomaterialism. Secondly, previous studies have explored antecedent factors of BDAC from the environmental and organizational levels. On the one hand, research at the environmental level focuses on the impact of digital technology application, technological innovation, consumer demand, institutional environment and value network on BDAC. On the other hand, studies at the organizational level have highlighted factors such as organizational culture, executive support and IT infrastructure. Thirdly, the result effects of BDAC are mainly reflected in two aspects: behavior response and performance outcome. Although most of previous studies have identified the positive effect of BDAC on performance, some studies demonstrate that the organizational changes triggered by BDAC may disrupt existing processes and structures, resulting in an “IT production dilemma”.#br#Different from those empirical studies on BDAC, this study summarizes three theoretical bases of BDAC in organizational research, and deeply discusses the unique characteristics and inherent attributes of BDAC from different theoretical perspectives, which is helpful for a comprehensive understanding of BDAC, and provides literature evidence for the development of key dimensions of BDAC and quantitative measurement tools. Second, this study systematically combs antecedent factors, formation mechanism and action mechanism of BDAC, and integrates the research results of BDAC in the field of business management. Third, the integrated analysis framework of BDAC put forward in this study provides a promising direction for future research and promoting the digital construction and digital transformation of enterprises. Future research could try to open the black box of BDAC's differential action mechanism with SOM, and enrich BDAC's concept connotation and measurement tools from three perspectives of resources, capabilities and social integration. It is also advised to strengthen the formation mechanism of BDAC from the organizational level and focus on the boundary conditions of BDAC.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (1): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1547KB] ( 302 )
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