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| Cooperation Willingness for Enterprise Technical Standard Alliance Based on the "Belt and Road Initiative": A Leadship-follower Network Consistency Analysis |
| Zhou Qing,Chen Risheng,Yang Wei |
| (School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China) |
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Abstract As the main characteristic of market environment in countries along the Belt and Road routes, high market uncertainty has posed a significant challenge for internationalization process of China’s advanced standards. To break through the environmental restriction and realize a win-win outcome, Chinese enterprises should establish technology standard alliance network (TSAN) with strong cooperation willingness,in order to resist the threats of internal and external risks and promote the co-creation of standard values. This paper focuses on enriching the theory about the cooperation willingness, formation mechanism, and governance model of TSAN, for these topics have been ignored in prevailing studies.#br#This paper analyzes 1 227 technology standard alliance projects along the Belt and Road routes. This attribution forms diversified alliance networks. To be specific, a network can be formed based on cooperative relationships among the alliance entities. The TSAN for the "Belt and Road Initiative"is a cooperative network to develop technological standards based on innovation, in which Chinese enterprises and enterprises along the Belt and Road routes effectively allocate resources based on their respective advantages and principles, such as“risks sharing, benefits sharing, complementary advantagesand common development”.#br#The cooperation willingness is the key factor to determine the stability of TSAN. Cooperation willingness can strenthen the alliance cooperation, reduce the cooperation costs, avoid risks, enhance mutual learning, deepen exchanges, and promote cooperation and innovation. To measure cooperation willingness in TSAN, an indicator system based on existing research is developed. This system consists of three dimensions including network scale, network structure and leadership position.#br#This paper collects news from the official website of Belt and Road and utilizes the text mining method to analyze the collected data. These data can identify the size and structure of the alliance network and set the scene properly. Meanwhile, this paper applies the leadership-follower network consistency model to analysis the impact of cooperation willingness on TSNA.#br#The result reveals five alliance models, among which the central decentralized network and group-oriented alliance network have strong cooperation willingness; the principal-agent network has weak cooperation willingness; the coexistence and coexistence network has limitations, i.e., the shorter the industrial chain, the stronger the cooperation willingness. Moreover, the interconnection of the alliance network is the ideal state of alliance development as network cooperation is more balanced. No matter which enterprise leads the alliance, the cooperation willingness remains the same. It can be found that the single-center governance model in which Chinese enterprises act as the single leader can enhance the cooperation willingness in alliance network. #br#In the nutshell, the stable network characteristics are the essential factors to promote the cooperation willingness in alliance network. Network scale, network structure and the leadership position are essential in alliance model, in which network scale is the basic of other indicators. Only if the scale of the alliance network is reasonable can the participants establish diversified cooperative relationships to enrich network structure, promote absorption of the entire network in the process of technology innovation and standard R&D, and develop the innovation performance. Meanwhile, leadership position plays the role of accelerator and stabilizer to increase the cooperation willingness.On the basis of the reasonable scale and structure of the alliance network, different roles and responsibilities of leading enterprises should be considered for choosing appropriate leading positions in various situations.#br#This paper enriches development and governance theory of the technology standard alliance network. Firstly, this paper reveals the formation and development mechanism of TSNA. Secondly,itillustrates the governance of TSNA based on the "Belt and Road Initiative" from the perspective of social network. Finally, this paper is practically significant for decision-making on the development of TSNA based on the "Belt and Road Initiative". In conclusion, it is important to utilize diversified alliance models to enhance the cooperation willingness of TSNA for the enterprises in the Belt and Road regions. Chinese enterprises should identify the regional resource endowment along the Belt and Road routs and select a reasonable model to construct TSNA.#br#
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Received: 07 January 2022
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