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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.22
Published 2022-11-25
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Review
Evaluation and Foresight
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 The Value Ecosystem Construction and Market Allocation Mechanism of Data Elements
Yin Ximing,Lin Zhenyang,Chen Jin,Zhao Rong
As the micro-foundation and innovation engine of the digital economy, data elements are the general trend to promote the market-based circulation and value realization of data elements. It is of great significance for promoting the new dual-circulation development pattern and accelerating high-quality development in the new development stage. However, how to apply the holistic view and the innovation system theory to build a data element value ecosystem has become an important yet underexplored issue to promote the market-based allocation of data elements and release the value of data elements.#br#With the goal of dealing with the theoretical and practical challenges faced by the value relalization of data elements, this paper expands the research scope of data element′s participating in the practice of digital ecosystems. Firstly, this paper deeply analyzes the composition and operation mechanism of the ecosystem based on data value. It is believed that the core subjects of the ecological system include four parts : the source of data, the data operator, the data user and the data regulator. Combined with the real needs of the practice scenarios, multipul parties would carry out efficient data governance and reliable value added practice to form data products with high value density, and finally realize and release data value. In this process, the separation of the rights of data ownership, operation, and usage, as well as the transfer of limited rights are basic principles to maintain the efficient and stable operation of the data element value ecosystem. Secondly, this paper proposes that the data element marketization system architecture should be composed of the data source, the data element market players, and the public supervision. Among them, the market classification of the data element market entities includes the basic layer, the value-added layer, and the circulation layer. The entire circulation link can be refined into data collection, data storage, data governance, data transactions, and data applications. At present, China′s national data element market is still in the early development stage. In addition to leveraging the decisive role of the market, the government's regulatory role also should be integrated into the entire process of market-based allocation of data elements. This is to achieve both high-quality development of the digital economy and sustainability. This is the key mechanism to deal with the dual paradox of national data security and development, and is also a feasible path to further realize the capitalization of data elements and the effective circulation of data, thereby forming the industrial chain and value chain of data element assets. The resulting basic structure of the market-oriented operation and value realization mechanism provides a novel reference for the in-depth participation and efficient interaction of multiple subjects in the data element ecosystem, and the collaborative realization of the dynamic data element enabling effect.#br#In summary, this research enriches and deepens the theoretical research on the value-based and market-oriented allocation of data elements. It provides novel insights into the collaborative creation mechanism of multiple subjects in the process of value-oriented allocation of data elements. By optimizing the process mechanism of market-oriented allocation of data elements and the governance of data elements, it is feasible to further create a new digital-driven regional innovation ecosystem, and accelerate the construction of digital China so as to build a world-leading data element ecosystem with Chinese characteristics by strengthening top-level design, cultivating a multi-level, cross-regional, multi-agent efficient and co-created dynamism.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 529 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1408KB] ( 450 )
9 The Impact of Psychological Capital on Entrepreneurial Persistence:The Moderating Effects of Intrinsic Motivation and Entrepreneurial Role Model
Li Huihui,Huang Shasha,Sun Junhua
Entrepreneurs face many challenges and difficulties in entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurial persistence not only means that entrepreneurs continue to work hard in the face of setbacks, but also encourages entrepreneurs to stay focused when facing other temptations. Therefore, entrepreneurial persistence is an important prerequisite for entrepreneurial success. However, research in the field of entrepreneurship mainly focuses on the establishment, growth, and exit of new enterprises, ignoring the entrepreneurial persistence that exists in the whole process of entrepreneurship and plays an important role in the outcome of entrepreneurship. For entrepreneurs, research on entrepreneurship persistence can help them decide whether to persevere or cut down their losses in time. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical importance to explore the influencing factors of entrepreneurial persistence.#br#As a complex decision-making behavior, entrepreneurial persistence is affected by many factors. According tosocial cognition theory, individual factors and environmental factors can systematically reveal the generation process of individual behavior. Based on social cognition theory, this study aims to explore the effects of individual factors (psychological capital and intrinsic motivation) and environmental factors (entrepreneurial role model) on entrepreneurial persistence. Specifically, the study tests the effects of psychological capital such as optimism, resilience, self-efficacy, and hope on entrepreneurial persistence and the moderating effects of intrinsic motivation and entrepreneurial role model in these relationships, expanding the research on the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial persistence and provides a new perspective for research on entrepreneurial persistence. In addition, it shows the comprehensive effectiveness of different influencing factors of entrepreneurial persistence and enhances the overall explanatory power of the theoretical model.#br#This study conducted a questionnaire survey in paper and electronic forms on entrepreneurs in China to collect data. Given the geographical location, the level of regional economic development, and the situation of innovation and entrepreneurship, Jiangsu, Henan, Sichuan, and Jilin provinces were selected to carry out the large-scale research, and 202 valid samples were finally used to test the hypotheses. The results show that optimism, resilience, self-efficacy, and hope of entrepreneurs all significantly promote entrepreneurial persistence. Intrinsic motivation positively moderates the relationship between optimism, resilience, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial persistence respectively. Entrepreneurial role model also positively moderates the relationship between optimism, resilience, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial persistence respectively. However, the moderating effects of intrinsic motivation and entrepreneurial role model on the relationship between hope and entrepreneurial persistence are not supported.#br#The effects of individual and environmental factors on entrepreneurial persistence are discussed in a unified theoretical framework in this study, forming an effective integration and expansion of the influencing factors of entrepreneurial persistence. It provides a new and comprehensive perspective for the study of entrepreneurial persistence. There are three main theoretical contributions. First, an empirical study is conducted on the antecedents of Chinese entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial persistence from the perspective of psychological capital, which enriches the theoretical research on the influencing factors of entrepreneurial persistence in the context of China. Second, this study examines the moderating effect of intrinsic motivation on the relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurial persistence, elaborating the role of entrepreneurial motivation in the process of entrepreneurial persistence from a relatively new classification perspective, which enriches relevant research on entrepreneurial motivation. Third, following social cognition theory and the micro perspective, this study explores the moderating effect of entrepreneurial role model as an important external environment, which not only enriches the research on entrepreneurial persistence but also expands the research on the impact of entrepreneurial role model on individual behavior after starting a business.#br#This study also provides several practical implications. From the perspective of entrepreneurs, it is necessary to improve psychological capital, strengthen the intrinsic motivation of entrepreneurship, and establish a close relationship with other successful entrepreneurs. Governments need to pay attention to the important effect of entrepreneurial role model and take specific measures, such as holding entrepreneurship training and seminars frequently, praising or rewarding outstanding entrepreneurs publicly, and creating an inclusive and respectful atmosphere for entrepreneurship. Finally, while selecting investment projects, investors should take the psychological capital and entrepreneurial motivation of entrepreneurs as important evaluation criteria so as to avoid the loss of investment due to the possible exit of entrepreneurs.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 9-19 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1511KB] ( 340 )
20 Technology Convergence Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Vehicles Based on Patentometrics
Jia Yiwei,Qi Yong,Wu Lanfen
With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the industry is transforming towards digitization and intelligence, and technology integration has become an important trend in the development of global technology and industrial innovation. The Internet of Vehicles is a typical high-tech complex involving artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other technologies. Through the evolution research on the convergence characteristics of artificial intelligence and Internet of Vehicles technology, it is likely to more accurately identify the technical opportunities in the field of Internet of Vehicles industry, and provide direction guidance for the innovative and integrated development of artificial intelligence and Internet of Vehicles industry. At present, the academic community has carried out extensive research on the application of artificial intelligence in the field of Internet of Vehicles, but it is focused on the derivation and verification of specific technical solutions, and less involved in the technology convergence characteristics, trends of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Vehicles. Besides, there is a lack of application of text mining methods such as machine learning in technology convergence research based on patent data, and there are still certain limitations in technology convergence analysis only from the aspect of citation network, patent index or using patent generic information. Therefore, this paper adopts Word2vec text mining algorithm and social network analysis method to reveal the technological development trend in the fusion field, the correlation pattern of technical topics, the overall structure of the technology co-occurrence network and the evolution of node functions.#br#The research framework is built with the help of data analysis methods and technology convergence theory. Firstly, relevant patent data of artificial intelligence and Internet of Vehicles field from 2000 to 2019 are collected as the research object and the data are preprocessed to obtain information feature extraction. Next, the technology life cycle of the fusion field is divided into budding period, slow development period and rapid development period. Finally,the technical indicators such as patent application volume, technology convergence degree and technology similarity are analyzed from the three dimensions of technology convergence identification and measurement, technology theme association and technology co-occurrence network. In order to display the results of data analysis more intuitively, the convergence characteristics and evolution process of artificial intelligence and Internet of Vehicles technology are visualized in stages.#br#The results show that the development of technology convergence presents significant phasic characteristics, and the degree of technology convergence has been markedly deepened. In the field of Internet of vehicles, there are various artificial intelligence algorithms emerging and actively applied in each period, and the application scope of artificial intelligence in the field of Internet of Vehicles continues to expand. In response to users' diversified comprehensive service needs such as vehicle safety management, intelligent reception and travel arrangements, artificial intelligence has gradually been applied to the technical research of the Internet of Vehicles intelligent platform, which is an important turning point in the development of the Internet of Vehicles industry. Furthermore, the relationship between technical fields is getting closer, and the technology co-occurrence network is still relatively sparse. Data recognition and data representation, computer system based on specific computing model and other technologies have strong control ability in the process of convergence evolution. Specifically, the rapid development of technologies such as wireless communication networks, digital information transmission and signaling devices requires breakthroughs in related artificial intelligence technologies.#br#This paper innovatively proposes an identification framework for the convergence mode of artificial intelligence across the field of Internet of Vehicle，and it can be generally applied to other industrial field for predicting the trend of technology convergence. Different from the previous literature, this paper comprehensively uses text mining and network analysis methods to empirically analyze the impact of artificial intelligence algorithms on the development of Internet of Vehicles technology from multiple dimensions, and explore the most potential and promising artificial intelligence algorithms and their application scope. In addition, this paper discovers new technology opportunities for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of Internet of Vehicles, and puts forward enlightenment and suggestions from the aspects of R&D direction, discipline construction and platform construction.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 20-29 [Abstract] ( 369 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2545KB] ( 553 )
Regional Scientific Development
30 Government Funding, Misallocationof Innovative Human Resource and Regional Innovation Performance: A Threshold Effect Analysis
Chen Zitao,Meng Fanrong,Zhang Runqiang
Talents are the primary resource for innovation and have the important role in China’s innovation-driven development strategy (IDDS). China has been developing the national innovation system dominated by government with enterprises as the basic units, along with intensive pursuit for the improvement of innovation human resource (IHR). In spite of the remarked achievements on S&T innovation, several institutional and historic problems about developmental modes occur accordingly. The market mechanism tends to fall into dysfunction because innovative activities have prominent characteristics of strong externality, high cost and risks. #br#Government invention is believed to be the compensatory approach to coping the dysfunction of market mechanism and optimizing resource allocation, with the ultimate objective of improving regional innovation performance (RIP). Government funding (GF) is the common form the government invention in practice. However, the government mechanism is actually imperfect and possibly comes into dysfunction. GF may fail in resource allocation and could cause other related problems. There are rich literature from different perspective focusing on the relationship between GF and innovation, providing diverse quantitative evidences that result in different conclusions. However, few have tapped into the context and the goal of GF. The conditionity of the impact of GF and the heterogeneity of its impact on innovation activities are not fully considered. #br#This paper focuses on the relationship of GF and RIP and carries out empirical analysis on Chinese regional statistical data. The misallocation of IHR (MIHR) is considered as the significant contextual factors into the relationship. Three hypotheses are proposed. The first is about the negative effect of MIHR on RIP for the dysfunction of market mechanism. The second supposes the positive relationship of GF and RIP, because the government invention is expected to improve innovation activity, even though there is possibility of negative consequences. The third describes the threshold effect of MIHR in the relationship of GF and RIP and try to provide an integrated explanation on the inhibition- and promotion- views in literatures.#br#The dataset used in this paper is the panel data of 30 provincial areas from 2010-2019. The data is from China’s S&T Statistical Yearbook, China National Bureau of Statistics and public reports. The region is considered as the suitable unit for studying innovation in China because of the agglomeration tendency of innovation activities. Econometric models about linear regression and threshold regression are established and controls other relevant factors, including regional development, technology market, institutional environment and international cooperation. The results show no matter if the temporal effect is controlled, MIHR has negative effect on RIP both in the results of linear regression models and threshold regression model. The insufficient allocation of innovation human resource is the main obstacle for regional innovation activities. The results also provide evidences on the threshold effect of MIHR in the relationship of GF and RIP. The result of double-threshold regression model show that GF could improve RIP when innovative human resource is insufficient or lightly undue, while it plays a negative role when innovative human resource is seriously overwhelmed. According tothe estimation thresholds of MIHR, GF plays a positive role in two-thirds of regions and strongly or weakly fails in others. #br#The findings also provide suggestions for Chinese government to play a better role in the nation innovation system and contribute to improve the implementation of IDDS in the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan and long-range objectives through the year of 2035. The first suggestion is to establish a dynamic monitoring system of IHR and its mismatch. It could provide basic information for local governments to adjustment the strategies of funding in innovation. The second suggestion emphases the importance of a hierarchical classification tool system for government funding in innovation activities, for it helps the government to adapt the status of MIHR. The third is about the improvement of regional collaborative innovation to allocate innovation IHR more flexibly. The local governments should strengthen the construction of regional S&T innovation communities to optimize the IHR sharing and cooperation mechanism.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1501KB] ( 207 )
40 High Quality Development Evaluation of Regional Intellectual Property Rights Based on Public Value
Hu Wenjing,Ma Jianxia,Xiezhen
In the context of increasingly fierce international competition, the national core competitiveness is manifested in the cultivation, allocation and regulation ability of knowledge innovation achievements and intellectual property resources. Since the promulgation of the outline of the national intellectual property strategy in 2008, the intellectual property strategy, as a basic strategy to encourage and protect innovation and promote economic and social development, has played a more and more important role. High quality development evaluation of intellectual property is not only an important way to test the implementation effect of intellectual property strategy, but also the key evidence of intellectual property strategy adjustment and reform.#br#According to Benington's division of public value dimension, this paper holds that the public value of high-quality development of intellectual property can be reflected in four first-class dimensions: economic value, social value, ecological value and government capacity value. The setting of secondary dimension follows the theory of sustainable development. The second dimension of economic value is set as the transformation of economic growth mode and the optimization of economic structure. The evaluation process is divided into five steps. Firstly, Lasso regression is used to preliminarily select the existing indicators in the China intellectual property development evaluation report, and the indicators with multiple co-occurrence are removed from the perspective of statistics. Secondly, according to the summary of existing research and the requirements of national innovation and sustainable development strategy, the indicators are revised and new indicators are introduced; Thirdly, auto encoder technology is used to characterize the public value of high-quality development of intellectual property rights. Fourthly, the random forest model is used to fit the three-level indicators and the public value of high-quality development of intellectual property rights, select the indicators again and determine the index weight. Fifthly, the coordination degree of the first-order index is calculated by using the dispersion coefficient coordination degree model, and the weighted geometric average is used for exponential synthesis.#br#Third-one provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (hereinafter referred to as provinces) in mainland China are selected to compare the high-quality development of regional intellectual property rights. With consideration og the lag of statistical data of some indicators, 2019 data are used for analysis. Through the above steps, a reference index system for high-quality development of intellectual property rights including 4 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators and 37 tertiary indicators has been constructed, including 18 indicators in the report, 6 modified indicators, 8 indicators in relevant literature and 5 new indicators. According to the score of intellectual property high-quality development index, the intellectual property development status of 31 regions in China can be divided into five echelons: the first echelon is Guangdong Province, which is the only region with intellectual property high-quality development index above 0.7; the second echelon includes Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, with a score range of 0.5 ~ 0.7; the third echelon includes 10 regions of Shandong, Sichuan, Tianjin, Hunan, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Hebei and Liaoning, with a score range of 0.4 ~ 0.5; the fourth echelon includes 10 regions of Shaanxi, Jilin, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Shanxi, with a score range of 0.3 ~ 0.4; and the fifth echelon includes Ningxia, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet, with a score of less than 0.3.#br#Through the position of each region in the coordinate system of high-quality development of intellectual property, it can be seen that the first and second echelons with high scores of high-quality development index of intellectual property are located in the first quadrant close to the x-axis and y-axis respectively, and far away from the angular bisector of the first and third quadrants of the coordinate system. Therefore it’s necessary to adjust the development mode of regional intellectual property rights accordingly.#br#The three-level indicators’ weight value distribution of the high-quality development index system of intellectual property rights has significant long tail distribution characteristics.The three indicators of R & D funds, high-value patents and intellectual property services are directional to improve the quality of intellectual property development. In the case of limited R&D funds, the cultivation of high-value patents and the improvement of intellectual property service level play a vital role in the high-quality development of intellectual property. It should be pointed out that it would lead to a state of imbalance of intellectual property development if only head indicators are stressed.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 40-50 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1568KB] ( 197 )
51 Does the Development of New Technology Hinder the Innovation of Traditional Technology：An Empirical Analysis of the Automobile Industry
Liu Xiaoling
In the new round of technological and industrial revolution, the rapid development of emerging technologies has brought a non-negligible impact on traditional industries and forces incumbent enterprises to timely adjust their operation strategies. In the competition between traditional and new technologies, does the progress of emerging technologies encourage traditional manufacturers to increase the investment in innovation activities? Or does it stimulate the incumbents to switch technical routes and accelerate the decline of traditional industries? There is no consensus regarding whether the innovation substitution effects or innovation complementary effects play the dominant role. An in-depth investigation of the impact of new technology on traditional technology is beneficial, for it could help the central government to optimize the industrial layout from an overall perspective.
This study chooses China's automobile industry as the research object and focuses on the relation between the innovation activities of traditional fuel vehicles and electric vehicles enterprises. Compared with the existing literature, the study has the contribution in three aspects. First, this study distinguishes the impacts of new technologies on conventional technologies at different stages of industrial life cycle rather than make a general analysis. Second, it further divides technological innovation into product innovation and process innovation. Product innovation improves the level of product differentiation, and process innovation helps to decrease product costs. Third, this study uses an econometric approach to empirically examine the relation between traditional and new technologies, and it is different from previous studies adopting the method of case studies.
The paper is organized as follows. It first compares the development paths of traditional fuel vehicle and electric vehicle technologies, and puts forward a three-stage model of automobile industry evolution based on the theory of industrial life cycle. Then, hypotheses on the relationship between R&D activities of different automobile manufacturers at different development stages are proposed. Based on the panel data of Chinese provincial patents from 1995 to 2021, the study uses the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) method to empirically examine the effects of technological progress of electric vehicles on that of traditional fuel vehicles at various stages from two dimensions product innovation and process innovation.
The results show that during the period of new technological paradigm introduction (1995-2008), the product innovation and process innovation of electric vehicles have positive effects on the progress of product innovation and process innovation of traditional vehicles respectively. During the period of technological paradigm construction (2009-2021), the process innovation of electric vehicles exerts a significant positive impact on that of traditional vehicles, whereas the production innovation of electric vehicles has no significant influence on that of traditional vehicles. The heterogeneity analysis of different regions shows that in provinces where the development of emerging industries lags behind, the promoting effect of new technologies on traditional technologies will be weakened to a certain extent.
The conclusions of this study demonstrate an innovation complementary effect between the traditional and new technologies and point to several important implications for policymakers in fostering the development of automobile industry. First, the government should gradually reduce the support for electric vehicles and maintain the neutrality of the choice of technological route. Second, strategic cooperation and resource sharing among different kinds of automobile enterprises are encouraged, as traditional automobile enterprises have significant advantages in terms of vehicle integration technology while electric vehicle manufacturers perform better in lightweight and intelligent applications. Third, in consideration of the great pressure to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals for China's automobile industry, it is suggested to integrate the automobile enterprises’ subsidy standards with the product performance in carbon emission reduction, integrate the requirements of relevant product carbon emission information in the selection and acceptance of R & D projects, and improve the fuel combustion efficiency and the application proportion of electric vehicles.
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 51-61 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2373KB] ( 247 )
Industrial Technological Progress
62 How the Digital Economy Affects the Position of Manufacturing in the Gobal Value Chain: Mechanism Analysis and Spatial Spillover
Tu Niansong,Li Ke,Chai Zhengmeng
At present, China's traditional processing and manufacturing industry has been located in the "value depression" of the smile curve for a long time, with small value-added space. The high-tech industry has suffered from low-end structure and low-tech industry, and faces the risk of being "locked by the low-end". The digital economy can break through the space-time constraints. The dissemination of digital knowledge and information can weaken the incompleteness of regional knowledge and information to a certain extent, help enterprises to acquire knowledge spillover, enhance technological innovation capacity, promote the production efficiency of the manufacturing industry and enhance its global value chain status. The development of the digital economy relying on the Internet can effectively support the needs of epidemic prevention and control, as well as the economic and social development.#br#On the basis of the vigorous development of digital economy, this paper deduces the mathematical model of the impact of the digital economy on the global value chain status, and evaluates the impact of the digital economy and the dynamic non-linear effect from the perspective of the global value chain status of manufacturing industry. With the help of historical data instrumental variables, it conducts the robustness test of dynamic panel estimation, and studies the heterogeneity of the impact by samples from different regions and different policies. By taking technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading as intermediary variables, the study explores the indirect impact mechanism. Considering the spatial characteristics of digital economy and the spatial dependence of manufacturing global value chain status, it then studies the spatial spillover effect of digital economy on manufacturing global value chain status with the help of spatial Dobbin model.#br#In this paper, from the two aspects of digital industrialization and industrial digitization, 8 secondary indicators and 25 tertiary indicators are selected and a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of the development level of the provincial digital economy is constructed by the principal component analysis method, and then the global value chain status of the manufacturing industry is expressed by the export complexity of the manufacturing industry. With the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2020, the empirical research shows that the development of digital economy has significantly enhanced the global value chain status of provincial manufacturing industry and has a dynamic non-linear increasing effect; moreover, there is regional heterogeneity. Compared with the eastern region and the regions along the the Belt and Road, the digital economy plays a greater role in promoting the central and western regions and the regions along the the Belt and Road. As far as the internal mechanism is concerned, improving the technological innovation ability and optimizing the industrial structure upgrading are the two basic paths for the digital economy to affect the export complexity of manufacturing industry. In the digital economy, the technology and knowledge spillover effects of different provinces make technological innovation permeate with each other, which is conducive for enterprises to breaking through the existing R&D difficulties to strengthen technological innovation and accelerate the transformation of technological achievements. The digital economy can broaden the boundary of industrial chain division of labor, accelerate the transformation of traditional industries, effectively reduce the processing costs and transaction costs among labor division entities, improve the efficiency of resource allocation and production management, and enhance the status of global value chain. Meanwhile the spatial Dobbin model shows that there is a spatial spillover effect on the impact of the digital economy on the export complexity of the manufacturing industry. The development of the digital economy will not only affect the export complexity of the manufacturing industry in the province, but also be conducive to the improvement of the export complexity of the manufacturing industry in the neighboring provinces.#br#Therefore,in order to promote the upgrading of the global value chain of China's manufacturing industry, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of digital economy, optimize the innovation environment and industrial structure.Regional digital economy collaborative development networks are expected so as to give full play to the spatial effect brought by the digital economy, realize cross regional division of work and cooperation and promote the coordinated development of various provinces.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 62-71 [Abstract] ( 411 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1257KB] ( 353 )
72 Configuration Effect of User Participation in Product Innovation in Digital Context：An fsQCA Analysis Based on TOE Framework
Gu Anwei,Jiang Huihui,Lu Xifeng,Chen Susu
Firms are facing severe challenge nowadays in the turbulent and uncertain digital business environment. It is impossible for them to achieve the goal of continuous innovationby the limited internal resources and capabilities. It has become an important strategic for many enterprises to innovate, develop and seek breakthroughs by the integration of external resources with the help of digital technology, and internal and external synergy. Users are important enterprise stakeholders and co-creators of value, and have knowledge and skills closely related to enterprise product innovation. User participation in product innovation can provide enterprises with heterogeneous, innovative and operational resources, and has become an important source for enterprises to obtain sustainable innovation capabilities; therefore it is vital to fond out how to stimulate users to participate in product innovation in enterprise innovation management. In the field of user participation, the existing research on the influencing factors of user participation in product innovation has revealed the influence of previously factors on user participation in product innovation from the consumption field, and there is a lack of exploration on the antecedents on enterprise level based on the production field. Second, although some scholars have studied the information technology factors about innovation platforms and online communities, most studies are from the perspective of environmental conditions, and have not explored the findings from the aspect of technology application in depth. The research on the application factors of digital technology is relatively scarce. Third, the existing studies focus on the linear impact of antecedents on user participation in product innovation, and do not explore the configuration effect of the combination relationship between multiple antecedents and user participation. Therefore, it is worthy of efforts to explore the configuration effect of user participation in product innovation.
Within the technology-organization-environment framework proposed by Tornatizky and Fleischer, this study constructs a comprehensive analysis framework for the research on the configuration effect of user participation in product innovation in digital context. It argues that user participation in product innovation in digital context is a user innovation adoption mode with integration of digital technology and product technology and it is not only affected by digital technology application and product technology innovation, but also depends on the degree of functional coordination at the enterprise organization level, and inseparable from the peer competition effect faced by enterprises and the innovation ability of user groups. These antecedents are interrelated, and affect the behavior and degree of user participation in product innovation in combination.Within this theoretical framework, the study draws on the maturity scale of relevant variables in academic research, develops a standardized questionnaire based on Chinese context. It selects regional representative enterprises in Beijing, Changchun, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou to collect sample data. After testing the reliability and validity of the scale, this study applies the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the 93 enterprise sample data, and carries out the single condition necessity analysis, condition configuration sufficiency analysis and robustness test. It explores the different configuration and influence path of user participation in product innovation in digital context. The results show that there are three kinds of condition configurations for high user participation in product innovation: market driven, driven market and digital driven, and they have multiple concurrency and follow the principle of achieving the same goal by different paths. The two antecedents of user innovation ability and digital technology application are more important than the other in the process of user participation in product innovation. There is a causal asymmetry between the conditional configuration of high user participation in product innovation and non-high.
The relevant research conclusions broaden the research perspective of user participation in product innovation, and enrich the relevant research content and existing research methods. The paper has some theoretical contribution and reference significance for enterprise innovation management in digital context.
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 72-81 [Abstract] ( 460 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1327KB] ( 301 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
82 The Value Network Evolution Path of the Core Enterprises ofthe Innovation Ecosystem from the Perspective of Open Innovation
Feng Lijie,Lu Jiarui,Wang Jinfeng,Lin Kuoyi,Zhang Ke
The typical characteristics of the innovation 3.0 era are the blurring of enterprise boundaries, and the increasing interactivity, openness and networking between enterprises. As a result, more and more companies are committed to building an open innovation ecosystem to continuously improve their innovation capabilities. Among them, as the leaders of the innovation ecosystem, most of the core enterprises achieve dynamic optimization of the system through the construction of value networks, promote the two-way flow of innovation elements through the evolution path of value networks, and continuously improve the overall competitiveness of the innovation ecosystem.#br#The existing literature on the evolution path of value network mostly focus on the level of user value enhancement and product technology innovation, and there is less exploration of the dynamic evolution path of the value network of the core enterprises of the innovation ecosystem under a specific background, which makes it difficult to understand how the core enterprises in the system continuously improve the innovation ability of the system through the value network evolution mechanism, and brings confusion to the scientific decision-making of enterprises.#br#In view of this, this paper takes four core innovation ecosystem enterprises including Haier, Alibaba, Huawei and Zheng Coal Machinery as the research objects to explore the dynamic evolution process and innovation breakthrough point of value networks under the perspective of open innovation. With the help of open innovation theory and value network evolution theory, this paper focuses on the co-evolution process of innovation elements such as knowledge, resources and technology, and explores the evolution path of the core enterprise value network of the innovation ecosystem from the perspective of open innovation on the basis of coding the case data of the four sample core enterprises. A case study on the evolution of core enterprise value networks of innovation ecosystems is conducted from the perspective of open innovation. Firstly, the key events of the sample core enterprises are sorted out from the perspective of open innovation, and the evolution process of the innovation ecosystem in which they are located is divided into stages. Secondly, with the core enterprise value network as the theme, the coding program of "open coding-spindle coding-selective coding" is used to analyze the logical relationship between the relevant elements of the sample core enterprise value network, which provides a reference case for the construction of the evolution path model of the core enterprise value network.The study further interprets the evolution path model of the core enterprise value network of the innovation ecosystem from the perspective of open innovation. On the basis of the analysis logic of "driving factor-behavioral strategy-forming result", open innovation theory, innovation ecosystem and value network related research are first taken as the theoretical basis. Then from the perspective of the evolution of knowledge, resources and technology, the evolution path of the core enterprise value network at different stages of the innovation ecosystem under the perspective of open innovation is analyzed.#br#The results show that from the perspective of open innovation, most of the innovation ecosystems go through the initial establishment period, expansion period and strengthening period, and the type of open innovation shows a "inward-coupled-outward-oriented" change. Correspondingly, the value network of the system at different stages evolves dynamically according to the "linear-platform-three-dimensional" path, in which the core enterprises generally consolidate knowledge through capability strengthening, capability reconstruction and capability expansion, and they continuously obtain high-quality resources through resource simplification, resource patchwork and resource integration, and keep improving the ability to stabilize knowledge, resources and technology by adopting models such as technology imitation, technology protection and technological change.#br#This paper not only broadens the research scope of innovation ecosystem and value network theory in a specific context, but also provides a scientific decision-making reference for core enterprises in the innovation ecosystem to continuously optimize the innovation path to maintain a dominant position.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 82-91 [Abstract] ( 320 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1652KB] ( 248 )
92 Can "National Team" Ownership Promote Corporate Green Innovation? The Heterogeneity Analysis of Heavily-Polluted Industry
')" href="#"> Qiao Fei,Wen Wen,Feng Xiaoqing
Since the reform and opening-up, China's economy has made remarkable development achievements, but the traditional crude economic development mode has increased the burden on the ecological environment, and the weak innovation capacity have restricted the high-quality development of China's economy. In September 2020, President Xi Jinping proposed at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly that China should strive to peak its carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 ("dual-carbon" goals). Green technology innovation is the key path for China to achieve "dual-carbon" goals and high-quality economic development. Thus it is urgent to explore how to motivate companies to improve their green innovation performance and raise the awareness of green governance.#br#Institutional investors are representatives of rational investors in the capital market and play an important role in corporate governance. As a special category of institutional investors with government background in the capital market, the "national team" plays an important function of stabilizing stock prices and boosting investor confidence. As an institutional investor with a long-term participation in the capital market, it is confirmed by prior literature that the "national team" can help reduce corporate fraud, improve corporate investment efficiency, and reduce corporate risks. Meanwhile since green innovation involves many links such as R&D and production, green innovation technology has high professionalism and complexity, the green innovation practice of enterprises needs more sufficient resource input, stronger talent team guarantee and more comprehensive technical support, and also requires the management to have a longer-term vision and strategic foresight. As a special institutional investor with a long-term vision, the "national team" can improve the level of green innovation of enterprises by reducing the degree of internal and external information asymmetry of enterprises and alleviating the financial tension in the process of innovation. Therefore, can "national team" positively influence enterprises' green innovation decisions? If so, what is the mechanism behind? Does "national team" ownership have a stronger incentive effect on green innovation for enterprises in heavily polluting industries than for other industries?#br#Using Chinese A-share listed companies’data from year 2015-2020, this paper empirically investigates the impact of "national team" on corporate green innovation, and the moderating effect on heavily-polluted industry. The results suggest that "national team" ownership can promote corporate green innovation, and this positive impact is more pronounced in heavy-polluted industries. Mechanism tests show that mitigating information asymmetry and obtaining government's subsidies for innovation are potential channels through which the "national team" ownership promotes corporate green innovation. Further analysis reveals that the green innovation incentive effect of the "national team" is more pronounced when its share-holding time gets longer. #br#The paper contributes to the existing literature in the following ways. First, it expands the study on the determinants of corporate green innovation. Prior literature has mainly focused on the influence of macro factors such as government environmental regulations and green credit policies, little research has explored the determinants of green innovation from the heterogeneity of institutional investors; thus this study enriches this field of research by exploring the role of "national teams". Second, the existing literature focuses on the impact of "national teams" on stock market volatility, this study expands the research on the economic consequences of national teams' shareholding from the perspective of green innovation. Finally, the study explores the mechanism of the incentive effect of "national team" shareholding on green innovation from the perspectives of information asymmetry and government innovation subsidies, which helps to understand the influence of state-owned institutional investors on the investment and financing decisions of enterprises. Practically, the findings also have implications for improving corporate governance structures, promoting green innovation and high-quality development of enterprises.#br#Because there are other the paths for "national team" institutional investors to promote green innovation, such as private communication with the management, sending directors to listed companies,follow-up literature needs more in-depth and expanding research; in addition, they may also have an impact on corporate credit resource acquisition, bond credit spread, insider trading and other behaviors, which also provides a direction for follow-up research.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 92-102 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1303KB] ( 353 )
103 The Evolutionary Path of Disruptive Innovation of Local Latecomer Enterprises in Overseas Context: From the Value Innovation Perspective
Zhang Guangyu,Cui Jintian,Ou Chunyao,Zhang Yao
In recent years,some of China's latecomer enterprises have devoted themselves to the overseas markets. The 14th FiveYear Plan of the People's Republic of China also clearly states that we should "promote Chinese products,services,technologies,brands and standards to go global,support enterprises to integrate into the global industrial chain and supply chain,and improve transnational business capabilities and levels". However,transnational operations are also facing many tests. The differences in culture,overseas market channels and user characteristics make it difficult for overseas enterprises to get close to the mainstream market. Since 2018,there has been another obstacle that the United States adopts containment policy against overseas operations of China's hightech enterprises . Therefore,it is of great significance to explore how local latecomer enterprises can gain a foothold in overseas markets and realize leapfrogging development.#br#For the overseas expansion path oflatecomer enterprises,scholars mainly used to adopt the Uppsal model,the LinkageLeverageLearning model and the springboard theory. The disruptive innovation theory covers key innovation elements such as technology,organisation and market. Its essence is a process of breakthrough from nonmainstream market to mainstream market,which is consistent with the process of lowend to mainstream impact of latercomer enterprises in overseas markets. In addition,in the past,relevant literature mainly focused on the disruptive innovation evolution path in the domestic market with typical cases of Xiaomi,Huawei,Geely,Haier,Didi,etc,and little attention has been paid to the evolution path of enterprises in overseas markets.#br#Accordingly,this article adopts disruptive innovation theory and focuses on value innovation. It conducts a case study on the development of OnePlus mobile phones in overseas markets,adopts root theory and uses NVivo12 software to carry out open coding,spindle coding and selective coding of case data from bottom to up. After analysis and summary,88 labels,15 initial categories and 4 main categories are obtained. The disruptive innovation evolution model of local latecomer enterprises in overseas situations is constructed and explained. The model mainly includes four parts: heterogeneous demand positioning,usercentred technological innovation,culturally integrated commercial innovation and market erosion. Among them,heterogeneous demand positioning is the premise of the value proposition of disruptive innovation,usercentred technological innovation is the source of value creation,commercial innovation integrated into culture is the means of value transmission,and market erosion is the terminal of value realisation. Finally,the case of innovation in Dajiang in the UAV industry is further verified and the external validity of the model is improved. #br#This article not only provides a reference for the practice of manylatecomer enterprises to explore overseas markets,but also makes certain theoretical contributions. The main practical enlightenment includes three aspects.First of all,in terms of specific market path selection,if the latecomer enterprise has the strength of technological innovation and certain overseas market experience,it can consider the preferred overseas market,especially the European and American markets. Because the maturity of overseas markets can endorse product quality. For example,Cloud Whale Intelligent,established in 2016,returned to the domestic market after being recognised in the overseas market. In the first half of 2021,its market share reached 9.49%,ranking third in the domestic sweeping robot industry. Secondly,in the process of innovation,local latecomers should first identify market characteristics and accurately target users and product positioning. Then in technological innovation,they should focus on original technological innovation,take into account technological integration innovation,digestion,absorption and reinnovation. At the same time,they should root in the community,interact with users for development. We should adhere to the first nature of products and create value for users. Finally,in terms of commercialization,we should strengthen cultural communication,appropriately increase the proportion of local employees,and lay out channel publicity methods according to the local market background,so as to gradually realize the erosion or subversion of the mainstream market. The theoretical contribution of this article is reflected in three points. Firstly,this article explains the special phenomenon of market expansion,introduces new situational factors in the study of existing disruptive innovation evolution paths,and expands the application boundary of disruptive innovation theory. Secondly,this paper introduces a new theoretical perspective for the study of the evolution path of later enterprises in overseas markets. Thirdly,this article does not divide the unified enterprise development process into certain stages,but adopts a holistic perspective.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 103-112 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1591KB] ( 259 )
Evaluation and Foresight
113 The Input-output Efficiency Evaluation of Technological Innovation Funds in the Universities, Scientific Research Institutions and Enterprises in China
Qiao Weiguo,Zhan Wenjie
To implement the innovation-driven development strategy is to enhance the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic development. Universities, scientific research institutions, and enterprises are all important technological innovation undertakers which are involved in applied research and experimental development. In recent years, China's research, experiment and development funds have been increased significantly, and most were used for applied research and experimental development. How much such a high investment contributes to economic development is a major question that needs to be answered urgently. Relevant studies on the evaluation of technological innovation efficiency in China are abundant, but there are two deficiencies. First, the evaluation objects are mostly on the micro or meso levels, such as a single or regional university or scientific research institution, and the evaluation of the input-output efficiency of technological innovation funds of Chinese universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises as a whole is less involved. Second, the actual yield of economic benefits are still relatively few.#br#This paper makes input-output analysis. It mainly uses the fund expenditure as the input index, and takes patents as the direct output of applied research and experimental development activities. But obtaining patents is not the ultimate goal, it is more an intermediate output. Based on the availability of data, this paper also takes the expected patent income as an intermediate analysis, and finally discusses the final realizable value of the expected patent income. Therefore, this paper adopts the three-step calculation method of "expenditure-patents-expected income-realized income".#br#The results show that the economic contribution of technological innovation activities in applied research and experimental development of universities, scientific research institutions, and enterprises in China is low, and the benefits that can be realized per 100 million yuan of funds are only about 11.66 million, 13.31 million and 97.33 million respectively. The estimated value should be the lower limit of the real output value, but the real output should not be too high. The reasons for the low output efficiency mainly lie in the insufficient application objective orientation of the technological innovation activities sponsored by governments in universities and scientific research institutions, the difficulties in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and the constraints on the ability of enterprises.#br#This paper estimates the input-output efficiency of every 100 million yuan of funds for technological innovation in universities, scientific research institutions, and enterprises as a whole. The results also show that in absolute terms, the output of 100 million yuan of funds for technological innovation in universities and scientific research institutions is far lower than the input and lower than that of enterprisess. This requires a policy discussion, that is, should the government vigorously fund the technological innovation activities of universities and scientific research institutions? In some cases, the government needs to support the technological innovation of universities and scientific research institutions because of the importance, scarcity, and irreplaceability of their capabilities. Therefore, this paper provides three suggestions. First it is necessary to improve the application target orientation of technology R&D activity in universities and scientific research institutions, give full play to the role of enterprise problem setters and potential users, as well as the role of venture capital as forward-looking judgment and potential follow-up investors, and allow them participate more actively and deeply in the formulation of national or local government science and technology plans and achievement evaluation. Second, it is essential to keep improving the scientific research evaluation of universities and scientific research institutions, and promoting the transfer and transformation of technical achievements. Qualified universities should speed up the establishment of pre-patent application evaluation system, reduce the unnecessary loss of resources in patents without commercial value, and effectively improve the quality of patent applications. Moreoverthe classified evaluation system of universities and scientific research institutions should be improved to strengthen the contribution evaluation of achievement transformation. Third, the government should encourage and support enterprises to continuously improve their technology R&D capabilities,which means encouraging and supporting enterprises' long-term technology investment and accumulation by further tax deduction of enterprises and the tax reduction or exemption of key R&D personnel.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 113-121 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1429KB] ( 204 )
122 High-quality Development Evaluation of Start-up Incubators Based on the fsQCA Method
Zhou Xiaogang,Zhang Zhijing
Although China's entrepreneurial ecological environment is being further optimized, China's start-up incubators still suffer from a single mode of operation, low quality of service, serious homogenization, and unclear functional positioning. As a platform for mass entrepreneurship, the high-quality development of start-up incubators can play a demonstration effect and drive mechanism. In view of this, a scientific and objective evaluation of the high-quality development of start-up incubators is conducive to strengthening their dynamic management and improving the long-term management and operation mechanism..#br#According to the social cognitive theory, the intentional characteristic of subjective motivation is the active commitment to future behavior. Resource commitment is a direct manifestation of the competitiveness of a business incubator and a signal to society of the high quality of resources. Resource commitment can reduce the perceived risk of uncertainty and provide more opportunities for later development, thus influencing the social perception of the incubator by entrepreneurs or start-ups when they choose to move into an incubator. The emotional trust built in the process of interaction and the sense of gain in the process of creator participation come from the basic resources provided by the platform organization and the social network resources derived and extended from the basic resources. According to the social cognitive theory, human activities are determined by the interaction of three factors: individual behavior, individual cognition and other individual characteristics, and the external environment in which the individual lives. Social evaluation is the result of social cognition and social emotion. These three influence and complement one other. The existing literature tends to evaluate start-up incubators only from the outcome dimension, and lacks scientificity, objectivity and comprehensiveness, and needs to evaluate their development quality of business incubation from both process and outcome aspects. Therefore, within the cognitive-attitudinal-behavioral theoretical framework, this paper explains the quality development of start-up incubators from three dimensions: social cognition, social emotion, and social evaluation from the perspective of dynamic logic..#br#The existing research on the evaluation of the performance of incubators mostly adopt quantitative methods by constructing econometric models. However the "joint effect" of multiple factors tend to be ignored, and these methods cannot identify the interdependence, group equivalence and causality between conditions. Thus this paper selects the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the generative paths and influencing factors that generate high-quality development of business incubation bases from a group perspective..#br#This paper takes 28 start-up incubators in Jiangxi Province as the research objects, and constructs an evaluation model of their development quality from three dimensions of business incubation bases' management construction, service capability and brand building. Then it uses the fsQCA method to analyze the combined effects of variables and explore the formation path of high-quality development of start-up incubators. Through the creative use of linear weighted average method, TOPSIS method and efficacy coefficient method, the combined evaluation score obtained by the integration of expectation value, posting progress and efficacy coefficient are used as the outcome measures of development quality in fsQCA, and the quality development of start-up incubators in the province is studied from the configuration perspective. The development quality of start-up incubators is evaluated by the combined synergistic effect among the factors. A more objective and comprehensive in-depth study of the development quality of business incubation bases is then conducted.#br#From the configuration perspective, there are three paths to evaluate the high-quality development of the start-up incubators, service content-oriented, brand-building-oriented, service capacity-social influence-oriented. It is found that the high-quality development of start-up incubators has multiple concurrency, and the combination configuration of different influencing factors has complete non-conflict equivalence. There is causal and non-symmetry between high-quality development evaluation and non-high-quality development evaluation in start-up incubators.This suggests that the start-up incubators should take market demand as the guide, and accurately clarify their development direction and functional positioning. With service capacity as the center, it is essential to form a consortium of in-depth integration of industry, academia and research, build a professional and networked service system, and accelerate the construction of entrepreneurial ecosystem.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 122-131 [Abstract] ( 200 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1273KB] ( 216 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
132 How does Strength Use Promote Employees' Innovation? The Role of Harmonious Passion and Platform Leadership
Ma Lu,Zheng Yunjian,Xie Peng,Wang Danyang
With the continuous change of business environment, the survival and development of organizations are full of uncertainties and challenges. Innovation has become an important factor for organizational success. Therefore, how to stimulate employee innovation has become an important issue in the field of organizational management.#br#In the existing research on the influencing factors of employee innovation behavior, the relationship between individual factors and employee innovation behavior has been widely concerned by scholars, but the research on the impact of individual behavior variables on innovation behavior is relatively scarce. Few scholars have noticed that employees' positive behavior in the workplace is an important factor in predicting innovation, and strengths use will have an impact on employees' innovative behavior. Strengths use refers to a role behavior in which employees actively use their own strengths in the work process. It can promote employees to obtain positive psychological feelings, enhance their love for work, realize the significance of work and self importance, and promote the generation of harmonious passion. Harmonious passion is an autonomous and internalized work passion with strong stability and sustainability. As a positive emotional expression, it is an internal driving force to promote employees' innovation. Therefore, this paper speculates that strengths use will enhance employees' harmonious passion and further promote employees' innovative behavior. According to the self-determination theory, in the process of employee strengths use, the generation of harmonious work passion needs to be supported by the cultivation and support of the social environment, and the platform leadership is likely to have a contingency impact on the process of strengths use.#br#The existing research has not explored the relationship between strengths use and employee innovation behavior. In order to reveal its internal mechanism, this paper follows the self-determination theory, uses three-stage tracking survey data to construct and verify the influencing mechanism of employee strengths use on employee innovation behavior; it also investigates the mediating effect of harmonious passion and the moderating effect of platform leadership. Through the statistical analysis of 341 valid questionnaires, the study verifies that harmonious passion mediates the positive relation of employee strengths use with employee innovation behavior. Platform leadership not only positively moderates the positive influence of employee strengths use on the harmonious passion, but also moderates the indirect effect of employee strengths use on employee innovation behavior through harmonious passion.#br#This study has made some important contributions to the existing literature. First of all, through the in-depth discussion of the impact of strengths use on innovation behavior, this study confirms the positive role of strengths use in promoting employee innovation behavior, and also responds to the mechanism proposed by relevant scholars to prove the impact of employee strengths use on human resource management performance from an empirical perspective. Secondly,harmonious passion is confirmed to play a mediating role between strengths use and employee innovation behavior, further revealing the "black box" between strengths use and employee innovation behavior. It further illustrates how employees affect their innovation behavior through strengths use. Finally, by exploring the moderating role of platform leadership in strengths use and harmonious passion, the study conforms to the characteristics of organizational dynamics and employees' autonomy in the era of platform economy, and also responds to the call of relevant scholars to pay attention to the impact of external situational factors on employee strengths use, providing a new theoretical explanation for further revealing the mechanism of strengths use on employee innovation behavior.#br#This study also has important guiding significance for management practice. First of all, organizational managers should pay attention to the problems related to strengths use in their work, provide external environmental support for the use of employees' strengths, and avoid the waste of employees' strengths resources to cause losses to individuals and organizations. Secondly, strengths use promotes the innovation behavior of employees by influencing their harmonious passion, which shows that while the organization manages the use of employees' strengths, it should also pay attention to the role of harmonious passion in the workplace. Organizational leaders should give employees full autonomy, help employees realize their basic psychological needs, create a harmonious working environment for employees, and play an exemplary role to encourage employees to internalize their work.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 132-139 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1279KB] ( 254 )
140 CEOs′ Technical Expertise and Enterprise Technical Capital Accumulation: The Moderating Effect of CEOs′ Overconfidence
Xu Xiumei,Dang Xiaohong
Self-reliance and improvement in science and technology is the strategic support for realizing high-quality national development. The key path is to stimulate innovation vitality of talents and enhance independent innovation ability of enterprises. The economic essence of enterprise innovation output is to expand the accumulation of technology capital, which is one of the most important production factors of a country or region. The technology capital of enterprise refers to the technical resources such as patent, non-patented technology, proprietary technology, application system and software formed by research and development. It is of great significance to promote national independent innovation strategy by identifying the influence mechanism of technology capital accumulation. Technology capital is the result of R&D investment. Compared with traditional projects, technology development has the characteristics such as large investment, long cycles and high risks. As an important decision maker of enterprise innovation strategy formulation, R&D investment and innovation resource allocation, CEO is crucial in the expansion of technology capital accumulation of enterprises. Since the upper echelons theory was proposed, scholars at home and abroad have paid attention to the CEOs′ professional background, and their academic experience on the influencing mechanism on enterprises′ technology innovation output. However, due to the difference in innovation variable definitions, sample nature and time ranges, the relationship between CEO characteristics and output of technology innovation is not consistent. Further, the direct and interaction relationship between CEO technical expertise, overconfidence and technology capital accumulation of enterprise are also ignored. Thus this paper focuses on revealing the direct and linkage influencing mechanism of CEOs′ technical expertise and overconfidence on technology capital accumulation of enterprise.#br#　This study selects Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in 2015-2020 as the initial samples to empirically test the direct effect of CEOs′ technical expertise and enterprise technology capital accumulation and the moderating effect of CEOs′ overconfidence. 14 293 listed companies samples are obtained with streamlining treatment. The study verifies the hypothesis by defining variables and constructing the mixed regression and fixed-effect model. In order to enhance the persuasiveness of the conclusion, the robustness is retested by variable definition replacement, propensity score matching, instrumental variable replacement and sample streamlining.#br#　The results show that CEOs′ technical expertise significantly promotes enterprise technology capital accumulation and CEOs′ overconfidence has a positive moderating effect on CEOs′ technical expertise and technology capital accumulation. Further, for enterprises with large scale and CEO implementing stock option incentive, the direct effect of CEOs′ technical expertise and the positive moderating effect of CEOs′ overconfidence are significantly higher than enterprises with smaller scale and CEO implementing restricted stock incentives. Compared with private enterprises, the direct effect of CEOs′ technical expertise and the positive moderating effect of CEOs′ overconfidence of state-owned enterprises is more prominent. The above conclusions provide rich support for exploring the internal influencing mechanism of enterprise technology capital accumulation and the action mechanism of CEOs′ overconfidence.#br#　Compared with the existing literature, the innovation of this paper is reflected in the following three aspects. Firstly, it is confirmed that CEOs′ technical expertise significantly promotes the technology capital accumulation scale of enterprises, which provides a new research perspective, and advances the upper echelon theory, CEO trait activation and motivation theory, resource based theory and technical innovation theory. Secondly, it is revealed that CEOs′ overconfidence can positively moderate the relationship between CEOs′ technical expertise and enterprise technical capital accumulation. On the one hand, it expands the new research perspective on relevant literature on enterprise technical capital accumulation and CEO psychological cognition and behavior characteristics; on the other hand, it enriches the manager optimism, arrogant hypothesis and related research on corporate governance influencing mechanism. Thirdly, it estimates the influencing mechanism differences of technology capital accumulation of heterogeneous enterprises, to some extent, expanding the research scopes of Schumpeter innovation theory, executive incentive theory and principal-agent theory. #br#The conclusion of this paper has multiple enlightenment for listed companies to accurately understand the characteristics of CEOs, stimulate their technology innovation potential and confidence so as to optimize the power allocation,construct the scientific CEO appointment and incentive mechanism and finally promote innovation investment and continuous independent innovation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 140-150 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1323KB] ( 271 )
Review
151 The Value Source, Value Content and Value Creation Mechanism of Big Data: An Analysis of Literature Based on SSCI Journals in Management and Business (2011 to 2021)〖ST〗
Chi Kaoxun,Shao Yueting,Su Fu
Big data is a crucial production factor of the digital economy. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), the global revenue related to big data technology and services will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.6% between 2020 and 2024 with China leading the world in this area. Big data is much more complex than conventional industrial economy production factors like capital, coal and oil. One of the cutting-edge areas in management research, as well as a key innovation direction for business practice, is how to realize the large production of data and fully exploit its value.#br#The activities of various subjects integrating and reorganizing big data resources with the goal of improving production processes, offering new products, etc. are regarded as big data value. Some academics in the field of management and business studies have concentrated on the problem of the facilitation mechanisms of big data in the process of achieving sustainable value delivery, improving performance and building competitive advantage in companies. A small number of academics have also examined the conditions necessary for realizing the value of big data and the variables affecting how big data projects are carried out. The research content is fragmented and dispersed across different sub-disciplines, and some key issues have not yet been thoroughly examined, making it difficult to form a stable research framework thatenables a systematic understanding of the value of big data research topics and facilitates the development of new big data research topics. Additionally, it does not encourage discussion with other areas of study. As a result, it is urgent to develop a more precise and understandable framework for the value research of big data that is based on the existing big data research and real-world initiatives in the management and business fields. #br#Big data, a technological method for gathering, managing, and analyzing the "5Vs" data, has grown in popularity as a subject of study for management and business researchers. Using a sample of literature from management and business SSCI journals (2011-2021), this paper adoptsthe framework of source-content-mechanism to systematically review the research on the topic of big data value in management and business. First, the big data value sources provide answers to the queries of whatbig data is and who is creating the value of big data. This study clarifies the definition of big data, research objects, and measurement techniques from the standpoints of subject and object. Secondly, it focuses on the issue of what kind of tangible value big data can offer, which can be divided into two categories: the enhancement of value and the creation of a new business framework; the appearance of novel components and the discovery of novel values. Efficiency value and innovative value are the two categories used to review the research findings on the value content of big data. Thirdly, entrepreneurs systematically sort out the process of generating value for organizations by modifying company strategies, business models, and business processes. This is done by utilizing big data resources and capabilities. This serves as the foundation for the construction of an analytical framework for research on the value of big data in management and business, as well as the discussion of potential future directions for this field of study. #br#This paper makes the following theoretical contributions by concentrating on the three questions of what big data is, what value is created and how to create value. Firstly, it reviews the literature on big data, systematises the concepts, types and measurement methods of big data, and lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of big data. Secondly, it summarizes the specific values that big data can bring to organisations and individuals, consolidates the original fragmented views and provides a scientific basis for enterprises to formulate development strategies. Thirdly, it explores the mechanism of the value process and boundary conditions of big data to clarify the two-sided effect of big data by case studies and empirical research on the value of big data, and enriches relevant research results in the field of management and business.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (22): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 319 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1429KB] ( 272 )
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