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| Configuration Effect of User Participation in Product Innovation in Digital Context：An fsQCA Analysis Based on TOE Framework |
| Gu Anwei1,Jiang Huihui1,Lu Xifeng2,Chen Susu1 |
| (1.School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;2.School of Accounting, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun 130117, China) |
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Abstract Firms are facing severe challenge nowadays in the turbulent and uncertain digital business environment. It is impossible for them to achieve the goal of continuous innovationby the limited internal resources and capabilities. It has become an important strategic for many enterprises to innovate, develop and seek breakthroughs by the integration of external resources with the help of digital technology, and internal and external synergy. Users are important enterprise stakeholders and co-creators of value, and have knowledge and skills closely related to enterprise product innovation. User participation in product innovation can provide enterprises with heterogeneous, innovative and operational resources, and has become an important source for enterprises to obtain sustainable innovation capabilities; therefore it is vital to fond out how to stimulate users to participate in product innovation in enterprise innovation management. In the field of user participation, the existing research on the influencing factors of user participation in product innovation has revealed the influence of previously factors on user participation in product innovation from the consumption field, and there is a lack of exploration on the antecedents on enterprise level based on the production field. Second, although some scholars have studied the information technology factors about innovation platforms and online communities, most studies are from the perspective of environmental conditions, and have not explored the findings from the aspect of technology application in depth. The research on the application factors of digital technology is relatively scarce. Third, the existing studies focus on the linear impact of antecedents on user participation in product innovation, and do not explore the configuration effect of the combination relationship between multiple antecedents and user participation. Therefore, it is worthy of efforts to explore the configuration effect of user participation in product innovation.
Within the technology-organization-environment framework proposed by Tornatizky and Fleischer, this study constructs a comprehensive analysis framework for the research on the configuration effect of user participation in product innovation in digital context. It argues that user participation in product innovation in digital context is a user innovation adoption mode with integration of digital technology and product technology and it is not only affected by digital technology application and product technology innovation, but also depends on the degree of functional coordination at the enterprise organization level, and inseparable from the peer competition effect faced by enterprises and the innovation ability of user groups. These antecedents are interrelated, and affect the behavior and degree of user participation in product innovation in combination.Within this theoretical framework, the study draws on the maturity scale of relevant variables in academic research, develops a standardized questionnaire based on Chinese context. It selects regional representative enterprises in Beijing, Changchun, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou to collect sample data. After testing the reliability and validity of the scale, this study applies the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the 93 enterprise sample data, and carries out the single condition necessity analysis, condition configuration sufficiency analysis and robustness test. It explores the different configuration and influence path of user participation in product innovation in digital context. The results show that there are three kinds of condition configurations for high user participation in product innovation: market driven, driven market and digital driven, and they have multiple concurrency and follow the principle of achieving the same goal by different paths. The two antecedents of user innovation ability and digital technology application are more important than the other in the process of user participation in product innovation. There is a causal asymmetry between the conditional configuration of high user participation in product innovation and non-high.
The relevant research conclusions broaden the research perspective of user participation in product innovation, and enrich the relevant research content and existing research methods. The paper has some theoretical contribution and reference significance for enterprise innovation management in digital context.
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Received: 06 May 2022
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