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25 May 2022, Volume 39 Issue 10
    

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    Innovation in Science and Technology Management
  • Accurate Identification and Prediction of Patent Transformation Features：An Example of Artificial Intelligence Chip
    Jiang Nan,Li Yifan,Liu Qian,Liu Xing
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120079
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    Although there has been an exponential growth of patent applications in China, the commercialization potential of the majority of patents registered in the field of science and technology has not been exploited. Based on this background, the paper studies the identification factors of patent transformation in order to better promote patent transformation. The commercialization value of patents mainly depends on patent protection and patent policy. Given the current government policies on patents, more data are needed to predict patent technology transformation in emerging frontier fields, help to solve the problems that China has to rely on foreign key core technologies for the production of some high-tech products and realize the commercialization potential of science and technology patents in China. The paper aims to better promote the patent transformation of key core technologies and focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) chips, given their current importance.#br#In this study, AI chips patent data is from the Derwent World Patents Index Database. We employ logical regression, support vector machine, random forest and AdaBoost algorithms to carry out comparative method analysis. After decomposing the patent transformation indicators into three dimensions (technology, law and economy), we select 17 representative indicators in the field of AI chips and adopt the machine learning method to identify an optimal transformation prediction scheme and the factors influencing successful patent transformation in China and in other countries. We discuss the main characteristics of successful patent transformation in different areas and fields with various application bodies in China and abroad.#br#This study applies different algorithms to analyse patent transformation in the field of AI chips in China and a number of developed countries. These algorithms help to predict the main factors influencing the successful transformation of patent technology in the field of AI chips. Among the four algorithms (logical regression, support vector machine, random forest and AdaBoost) used to predict the drivers of successful patent transformation, the random forest algorithm is the best in predictive ability . The probability of patent transformation in the field of AI chips is distributed in a logarithmic curve, which is consistent with the general distribution curve of patent value. The top three factors with the greatest impacts on successful patent transformation for patent applications submitted by universities or scientific research institutions are the maintenance time, number of claim characters and number of inventors. The top three factors with the greatest impacts on successful patent transformation for patent applications submitted by enterprises are the number of claim characters, maintenance time and number of claims. Meanwhile, it is found that the factors affecting successful patent transformation in China are different with that in other countries.#br#In conclusion, this study investigates the usefulness of four machine learning algorithms in predicting the factors influencing successful patent transformation, specifically in relation to AI chips. Based on the findings, it is suggested that universities and scientific research institutions can improve their chances of successful patent transformation by strengthening relationships with key enterprises (i.e. enterprises with specific skills and scientific research strength). The study provides suggestions on how universities and scientific research institutions can jointly tackle key technical problems to gain a high-value patent portfolio, implement high-value patent mining and cultivation projects and strengthen patent management in the whole process. The enterprises intended to improve patent transformation work should pay more attention to the technical quality and writing quality of patents applications. Furthermore, the government should guide enterprises to make good use of preferential examination and rapid examination policies, high-value patent cultivation projects and patent navigation projects in various provinces and cities.#br#

    Jiang Nan,Li Yifan,Liu Qian,Liu Xing. Accurate Identification and Prediction of Patent Transformation Features：An Example of Artificial Intelligence Chip[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 1-10., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120079.

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  • Scientific Research Organization Pattern of National Science and Technology Program Led by University Based on Grounded Theory： A Case Study of Beihang Changying UAV
    Zheng Shuwen,Ouyang Taohua,Zhang Feng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021110357
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    China has launched a series oflarge-scale task-oriented national science and technology programs with the aim to make breakthroughs in key technologies and promote economic development. It is of great significance to comprehensively summarize experiences for future scientific research organization pattern development.#br#At the end of the 1990s, China regarded the development of mid-altitude and long-endurance UAV as a strategic major scientific and technological project. Starting from scratch, Beihang University led the independent development of UAV prototype and finally achieved success. It can be seen that due to the highly uncertain political and economic environment, the organizations undertaking national science and technology project are also confronted with increasing uncertainties. Therefore, both theoretical and practical circles are exploring the organization patterns of national science and technology programs. However, the existing studies mostly focus on the projects with obvious economic benefits rather than unclear market with technical difficulties. In terms of the research content, it mainly focuses on the summary of the overall practical experience of existing scientific and technological projects and the comparative analysis of the organization mode of scientific and technological projects at home and abroad, and they fail to explore the role of university in such projects.#br#Therefore, this study attempts to summarize the characteristics and types of this kind of project led by university based on the specific case of Changying UAV development, explore the scientific research organization pattern behind their success, and respond to why university is more suitable to lead the large-scale and task-oriented national science and technology programs.#br#Based on this, this paper adopts the method based on programmatic grounded theory to conceptualize and categorize the data obtained from field interview, observation and literature review in three stages: open coding, spindle coding and selective coding. Therefore, four core categories are obtained accordingly: undertaking big projects, forming large teams, relying on big platforms and making great achievements. From the structured data and original data, this study has the following findings. (1) National science and technology projects suitable for university leadership presents the connotation of "linked science and technology challenges". Thus such projects have the dual character of the initiative of scientific exploration and the breakthrough of science and technology. (2) The success of such projects can be attributed to the innovative scientific research organization pattern. Guided by country-oriented project,this pattern focuses on making big achievements with feedback such as overall goal realization, talent training, industry driven development on the interaction between the national team and the industry-university-research cooperation platform. It explains why universities are suitable for taking national science and technology projects. To be more specific, colleges and universities have the advantage of theoretical accumulation rooted in scientific research for many years. Moreover colleges and universities have complete disciplines and majors to provide the latest cutting-edge theoretical research results and relevant technical talents in various fields required for the development of major scientific and technological projects. Last but not the least, the free, equal and open atmosphere provides a tolerant innovation environment for integrated innovation, and the mission of colleges and universities to serve the society ensures steady and strong spiritual strength. (3) The two key elements in this pattern are forming large teams and relying on big platforms, which are the implementation subject and core carrier of large-scale projects as well as the creator and beneficiary of great achievements. The interaction between the two drives the smooth operation of the pattern.#br#On the one hand, this paper is committed to clarifying the characteristics of national scientific and technological programs such as UAV, summarizing the scientific research organization pattern to ensure its success, and exploring the key elements and their relationships in this pattern so as to enrich relevant theories. On the other hand, it is hoped to provide practical paths and management experience for universities to serve national major strategic needs and play the role of new force of scientific and technological innovation in the new era.#br#

    Zheng Shuwen,Ouyang Taohua,Zhang Feng. Scientific Research Organization Pattern of National Science and Technology Program Led by University Based on Grounded Theory： A Case Study of Beihang Changying UAV[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 11-20., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021110357.

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  • Stakeholder Coordination Mechanism of Technology Business Incubators
    Sheng Ya,Pan Mingming,Li Yulong
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107402
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    With the advent of knowledge economy, science and technology innovation has become the commanding heights of international competition. As an important part of the national innovation system, technology business incubators can support public innovation and entrepreneurship and promote the implementation of the national innovation-driven development strategy. Although a series of achievements have been made in the construction of incubators in China, there are still problems such as the imperfect coordination and interaction mechanism between stakeholders. Due to the limited resources, incubators need to cooperate with stakeholders to achieve sustainable development. Stakeholders provide various resources to incubators for their own interests, but due to information asymmetry, the interaction with each other may cause conflicts which affect the effective operation of incubators. Therefore, it is an important problem of how to coordinate the conflicts between stakeholders to achieve the orderly relationship, and it needs to be solved urgently.#br#Based on different theoretical perspectives, the existing studies have emphasized the characteristics of multi-stakeholder participation in incubators, accompanying with the conflicts, and suggested that incubators need to strengthen cooperation between stakeholders through institutional design. However, there is still a lack of discussion on how incubators coordinate conflicts between stakeholders. Stakeholder theory, as a mainstream theory for analyzing the attributes of agents and explaining relationships, provides an important knowledge base for exploring the sources of conflicts between stakeholders and the construction of coordination mechanism. Therefore, this paper takes the Y technology business incubator as a case, and uses the exploratory case study method to carry out research based on the stakeholder theory.#br#Research finds that the root causes of conflicts include interest differences and unreasonable power allocation among stakeholders, as well as the interest-power asymmetry of a stakeholder. The coordination mechanism includes coordinating the inconsistent goals among stakeholders caused by interest differences through cultural coordination, coordinating the power competition among stakeholders caused by unreasonable power allocation through decentralized control, and coordinating the opportunistic behavior caused by the interest-power asymmetry through dynamic management and incubation service integration. Eventually, the interest-power of various stakeholders will be distributed and symmetrically configured, and the relationship among them will be orderly.#br#This paper introduces the stakeholder theory into the technology business incubators research, and on the basis of identifying sources of conflicts, it constructs the coordination mechanism, thereby enriching the stakeholder coordination research. The research results have instructive significance for technology business incubators in practice. First of all, incubators should gather the elements of innovation and achieve the internalization of external resources, so as to improve the quality of incubation services. Secondly, incubators built on the basis of industry-leading firms should grasp the distribution of control power between the construction firms and the internal management team, so as to improve the effectiveness of management. Finally, due to the diversification and heterogeneity of stakeholders, incubators can carry out various activities to enhance the communication and interaction between stakeholders, so as to form a community of goals and interests.#br#Although this study constructs the stakeholder coordination mechanism of science and technology business incubator through case analysis, it only selects one science and technology business incubator for analysis. In the future, multi case, mathematical model and large sample empirical methods can be used to study the of stakeholders. What;s more, the interviews with various stakeholders of the incubator can be supplemented and taken as the research focus in the future. Lastly the dynamic changes of interest power structure of various stakeholders are not considered. In fact, the interaction between incubators and stakeholders often revolves around the incubation activities of a start-up. In different incubation stages, the specific assets invested by various stakeholders are various, and the interest power structure is therefore different. In the future, researchers can focus on specific incubated enterprises and analyze the conflict and coordination mechanism between various stakeholders at different stages from incubation to hatching.#br#

    Sheng Ya,Pan Mingming,Li Yulong. Stakeholder Coordination Mechanism of Technology Business Incubators[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 21-31., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107402.

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  • Growth Mindset and Entrepreneurial Behavior Tendency：An Analysis Based on the Multi-Dimensional Moderator of Entrepreneurial Fear of Failure
    Zhang Guangning,Xie Yuzhen,Meng Qingna
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 32-40. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100266
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    The world is undergoing a new round of information and technological revolution. Entrepreneurship and innovation have become the driving force for economic development. Entrepreneurial behavior tendency as individual conscious planning behavior, to the greatest extent, represents the entrepreneurial intention of potential entrepreneurs and becomes the basis of entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, how to scientifically and effectively enhance entrepreneurial behavior tendency has become an urgent problem to be solved. The research on entrepreneurial behavior tendency becomes the key, but the existing research mostly are from the perspectives of macro policy and social environment, only a few studies are from the micro perspective with focus on entrepreneurial trait theory and emotion theory. Mindset is a unique way of thinking in which individuals know things and understand their environment. It can be the internal driving force that affects the individual's entrepreneurial behavior, but few of the present research pay enough attention to the mindset of cognitive ability. Based on implicit theory, it is believed that people's abilities and intelligence can be developed and cultivated, and they influence individuals' positive perception and interpretation of entrepreneurial environment, thus enhancing their efforts to engage in entrepreneurial activities. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, as an individual's belief in positive cognition of self-ability, is not only related to the mastery of past experience, but also promotes positive beliefs about the future expectation of the activities they engage in, which can significantly improve the individual's expectation of entrepreneurship and fuel them up for the implementation of entrepreneurial behavior tendency. Entrepreneurship itself is highly uncertain. The process of entrepreneurship involves the assessment of the risks associated with the implementation of entrepreneurial behavior, the unknown outcome of entrepreneurship, and the fear of potential failure, which seriously hinder the development of potential entrepreneurs' confidence.#br#In order to explore how mindset affects the cognitive ability of potential entrepreneurs, enhance the possibility of implementing entrepreneurial behavior, and relieve the potential entrepreneurs from hesitation and self-doubt to start their own business, this paper attempts to introduce implicit theory into the field of entrepreneurship, explore the influence mechanism of growth mindset on entrepreneurial behavior tendency. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is regarded as a bridge between growth mindset and entrepreneurial behavior tendency to improve the cognitive evaluation of the feasibility of individual entrepreneurial behavior, which enriches the research on entrepreneurial behavior tendency from the perspective of entrepreneurial cognition. Meanwhile, the paper further explores the influence of entrepreneurial fear of failure on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior tendency, regards entrepreneurial fear of failure as a multidimensional moderator variable, in which individual fear inhibits the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial behavior tendency, so as to rationally understand the fear of entrepreneurial failure.#br#The paper investigates the potential entrepreneurs in Liaoning Province of China. A total of 171 valid questionnaires are collected, and the statistical analysis is conducted using SPSS24.0. It is found that growth mindset positively is related to entrepreneurial behavior tendency; entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively is related to entrepreneurial behavior tendency; entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between growth mindset and entrepreneurial behavior tendency; fear of business idea and fear of social esteem threat negatively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior tendency. The findings provide some management enlightenment. First, the malleability of growth mindset suggests that entrepreneurship can be cultivated. Schools, business incubators and individuals need to work together to foster and develop growth mindset. Secondly, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is not only evaluated by individual self-cognition, but also closely related to the surrounding environment of the individual. The government should actively create a supportive entrepreneurial environment, and motivate potential entrepreneurs to start their own business by providing preferable policies and measures. Finally, society should strive to create a culture that tolerates business failure, and encourages innovation and entrepreneurship; individuals need to increase resilience in addressing entrepreneurial frustrations, rationally recognize that fear of failure is a necessary part of starting a business, for it helps to reduce individuals' negative perception that business failure will lead to lose of social dignity.#br#

    Zhang Guangning,Xie Yuzhen,Meng Qingna. Growth Mindset and Entrepreneurial Behavior Tendency：An Analysis Based on the Multi-Dimensional Moderator of Entrepreneurial Fear of Failure[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 32-40., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100266.

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    • Regional Scientific Development
  • Evaluation of Regional R&D Efficiency Based on Super-efficiency DEA and Malmquist Index
    Yang Li,Wei Qifeng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 41-51. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050144
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    China is now actively promoting new urbanization strategy. Urban agglomerations, as the main form to advance national urbanization, will undoubtedly become the important pillar for China's future economic development. The 2014-2020 National New Urbanization Proposal, released in 2014, has clarified the layout and planning of urban agglomerations in China, and pointed out that future efforts should focus on scientific optimization of eastern urban agglomerations, and active cultivation of economic growth pole in the central and west regions. In 2018, the State Council made new remarks on establishing new mechanism of regional collaborative development, stating that the form of urban agglomerations would be taken to boost regional strategic integration and development. The 6th Meeting of Central Finance and Economics held in 2020 put forward that Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle will target at world-class urban agglomerations and become an important growth pole of west China high-quality development and the fourth pole of China's economy following the Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao urban agglomerations. Regional collaborative development within urban agglomerations and integrated market can strengthen regional internal competitiveness, effectively reduce overall operational and institutional cost of urban agglomerations, promote mobility and integration of elements, redress the imbalance in regional development and optimize territorial space structure. #br#The ability of scientific and technological innovation is vital to the national and regional core competitiveness. Its main role is to stimulate economic vitality and promote sustainable development by gathering innovative resources and strengthening scientific and technological research and development. It is of great significance to study the R&D efficiency and its influencing factors in different economic circles for comparing the efficiency of R&D resources allocation in different regions and making effective management policies of science and technology.#br#Based on SE-DEA（CCR-I）model, the paper calculates scientific and technological R&D efficiency of 65 cities from four major urban agglomerations in China during 2016 and 2018, comparatively analyzes R&D efficiency variation at different stages of the four major urban agglomerations as well as cities within the urban agglomerations, and explores into the variation characteristics of R&D efficiency in each region. #br#The research conclusions are as follows. (1) The super efficiency DEA analysis shows that the average R & D efficiency of Guangdong HK & Macao Bay area is the highest, followed by Chengdu Chongqing economic circle and Yangtze River Delta city group. Due to the imbalance of scientific and technological development of Jing-Jin-Ji cities, the average regional R & D efficiency is at the end of the four city groups. (2) Malmquist index analysis shows that most cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, HK & Macao, and Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomerations have achieved positive growth in technological efficiency, while the efficiency of scientific and technological progress of Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomerations has gradually declined, and there is still a certain gap from the other three urban agglomerations. The average technological progress rate of the overall four major national urban agglomerations is higher than the average technological efficiency, and the scientific research of each region has been strengthened. Technical level is the key to improve TFP. On the basis of the empirical analysis of regional R & D efficiency, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the allocation of investment resources, the endowment of advantageous resources, the development of regional collaborative innovation and the in-depth cooperation of production, learning and research of the R & D efficiency of urban agglomerations in accordance with local conditions.#br#

    Yang Li,Wei Qifeng. Evaluation of Regional R&D Efficiency Based on Super-efficiency DEA and Malmquist Index[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 41-51., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050144.

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  • Environmental Regulation, Green Technological Progress and Green Economy Development：Empirical Research of PVAR Model Based on the Panel Data of Eleven Provinces and Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
    Chen Sihang,Lei Li,Zhou Zhonglin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 52-60. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.C202106043
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    Environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development are the important theoretical and practical issues in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Existing studies have shown that environmental regulation and green technological progress are important factors affecting the development of green economy, but there are many disputes and no clear conclusions in the academic circles about their mechanism and relationship. With the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt becoming a national strategy, green development has been determined as the main tone, and the extensive economic growth model with high emission, high pollution and high investment is unsustainable. Therefore, scientifically clarification of the relationship between environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development is the basic issue to realizing green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the research on this issue needs to be further strengthened.#br#　　Based on the identification of the mechanism of environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development, this paper uses the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2019, constructs a PVAR model to test their mutual relationship, and introduces impulse response function to construct the response model of environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development, and analyzes the role and influence degree of the three from the static and dynamic perspectives. The advantage of this method is that it combines the advantages of time series analysis and panel data analysis, and can control the unobservable individual effects and time effects caused by spatial changes. More importantly, it can intuitively display the dynamic response of the three in the face of impact. It can clearly describe the conduction mechanism caused by various shocks and observe the relative importance of each random disturbance term that affects the variable.#br#　　The empirical analysis results show that environmental regulation has a long-term positive effect on the progress of green technological progress and the development of green economy. And green technology progress has a long-term positive promoting effect on environmental regulation, a short-term inhibiting effect and a long-term positive promoting effect on the development of green economy, and green technological progress has a strong impact on environmental regulation and green economic development. The development of green economy has a long-term positive role in promoting environmental regulation and green technological progress, but its contribution to both is small. At the same time, the research also shows that the promotion of environmental regulation and green technological progress on the green economic development is a dynamic process that gradually increases, and will gradually become an important driving force for the development of green economy. Therefore, the study believes that the relationship between environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development is relatively complex in the short term, and will form a benign interaction that promotes each other in the long run, and can realize the self-reinforcing effect among various variables. #br#　　The possible innovations of this paper are as follows. First, this study constructs a new analytical framework, that is, with the help of PVAR model, environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development are placed in the same analytical framework, and the three are regarded as the endogenous variables. Second, this study expands the selection of indicators in the current study, that is, it sets up relevant indicators in the design of environmental regulation indicators to investigate their indirect effects, highlights the green bias and regional integrity in the calculation of green technological progress indicators, and uses the green total factor productivity considering environmental efficiency in the measurement of green economic development. Third, this study breaks through the limitations of single dimension and static research, that is, it studies the relationship and role between environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development from a two-way and dynamic perspective, and carries out Granger causality two-way test and dynamic impulse response analysis between the three, and clearly shows the trend and function degree of the short-term and long-term relationship between the three.#br#

    Chen Sihang,Lei Li,Zhou Zhonglin. Environmental Regulation, Green Technological Progress and Green Economy Development：Empirical Research of PVAR Model Based on the Panel Data of Eleven Provinces and Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 52-60., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.C202106043.

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    • Industrial Technological Progress
  • The Development of Digital Economy and the Improvement of High-tech Industry Innovation Efficiency：Empirical Test Based on China's Provincial Panel Data
    Yuan Huiwen,Gao Bo
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 61-71. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090087
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    In recent years, the Sino-US trade friction has been escalating, and China's high-tech industry has been affected and contained to varying degrees, posing a threat to the national industrial security and development. After the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's economy has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development. It has become a new driving force to improve the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries for Chinese economic growth, and an inevitable choice to achieve high-quality economic development.#br#China is in a critical period of transformation of its development mode. The vigorous development of the digital economy has injected new vitality into the high-quality development of the economy. It helps to transfer into the intelligent model by using the digital economy to expand the development space of the real economy. Under the guidance of the innovation-driven development strategy, as a new driving force for high-quality development, the digital economy can give full play to its own advantages, strengthen the sharing and cooperative relationship between high-tech enterprises, reshape the traditional production organization of enterprises, and use digital technology to optimize resource allocation, reduce production costs, further improve the level of automation and intelligence in high-tech industries, and promote the healthy development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. This is not only conducive to the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, but also brings new opportunities for the high-quality development of national economy.#br#This paper uses the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2019 to construct an evaluation index system for digital economy development, and uses the stochastic frontier model to measure the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. It is found that first, the development of the digital economy can significantly improve the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries, and has a continuous impact on it, but as the lag period increases, this continuous impact will gradually weaken and disappear. Secondly, the development of digital economy can effectively stimulate entrepreneurship, promote the upgrading of industrial structure, and the improvement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. Thirdly, there are significant regional and industry heterogeneity in the impact of digital economy development on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. In terms of regional heterogeneity, the development of digital economy in eastern and western regions can effectively promote the improvement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries, while the development of digital economy in central and northeastern regions has less impact on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries; in terms of industry heterogeneity, the development of the digital economy has a significant negative impact on the innovation efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and has no significant impact on the innovation efficiency of the computer and office equipment manufacturing industry, but it can effectively promote the innovation efficiency of the electronics and communication equipment manufacturing industry. Finally, the impact of the digital economy on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries is characterized by a threshold effect. Among them, there is an optimal boundary in the process of the digital economy affecting the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries, and the general public budget expenditure and the total transaction volume of technology contracts will be slightly weakened. The more fully developed the expenditure and the average sales price of commercial housing, the more likely it can enhance the effect of digital economy development on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. The influence of per capita consumption expenditure of residents is relatively weak, indicating that consumption is still driving economic growth. Development space and consumption upgrade is an important path to achieve high-quality development.#br#It's suggested to firstly adhere to the combination of market and macro-control to allocate digital resources,use digital platforms to integrate industrial chain resources. and jointly explore the application fields of scientific research results and the effective market demand; secondly we should cultivate entrepreneurial spirit, strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of entrepreneurs, and create a good environment for innovation and entrepreneurship; thirdly different regions should reasonably evaluate their own industrial development level and actively promote inter-regional cooperation and exchanges; finally, we should pay more efforts to speed up the breakthrough of technical barriers, realize the re-integration of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, and ultimately achieve an effective improvement in the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries.#br#

    Yuan Huiwen,Gao Bo. The Development of Digital Economy and the Improvement of High-tech Industry Innovation Efficiency：Empirical Test Based on China's Provincial Panel Data[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 61-71., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090087.

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  • The Conditional Configuration of Stagnation in the Value Chain Upgrading of China's High-Tech Industry：A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on 19 Sub-Industries
    Liang Zhong,Xu Han,Hu Dengfeng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 72-80. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080388
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    In the historical intersection period of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, high-tech industry has become an important focus of competition among big countries. From the perspective of the development trend of global high-tech industry, the competition among major countries around the dominance of the value chain is becoming increasingly fierce, the control of industrial core technology and professional services in developed countries continue to be reinforced, and the problem of low-end locking of the value chain in developing countries has gradually become prominent. Consequently the problem of industrial upgrading obstruction caused by this has become increasingly complicated. #br#In order to accurately identify multiple factors and their internal influence mechanisms, the paper analyzes the differential upgrade configuration of 19 high-tech industries in China from the three dimensions of innovation input, institutional environment, and international knowledge spillover through configuration thinking and QCA method. Using the classification standard of the National Bureau of Statistics, this study divides the high-tech industry (manufacturing industry) into five categories: pharmaceutical manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical instrument and instrument manufacturing and information chemical manufacturing, and takes 19 sub industries as sample cases to explore the complex causes of the upgrading of high-tech industry. The 19 cases covered in this study belong to medium samples, and their sample size is matched with QCA method. The relevant data comes from the 2019 statistical yearbook of China's High Tech Industry.#br#The research explores the consistent connection between different antecedents and industrial upgrading, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations, with a view to providing theoretical and decision-making references for solving the upgrading difficulties of China's high-tech industries in the new era. The theoretical contributions of this research are as follows. (1) Based on the differentiated development characteristics of subdivided industries, the research classifies and discusses the status of barriers to value chain upgrades. It not only broadens the observation dimension of China's high-tech industry upgrading scenarios, but also overcomes the ambiguity of existing research on the interpretation of upgrade barriers. (2) The research uses qualitative comparison methods to examine how multidimensional factors affect the value chain upgrading status of high-tech industries. It is conducive to deepening the cognition and understanding of the complex causal mechanism behind the blocking situation. At the same time, it also fills the gap in the existing literature, and provides reference for follow-up research on blocking factors. (3) The research results about typical blocking paths and conditions are conducive to understanding the entry point of policy design, and they provide theoretical support for the formulation of more goal-oriented high-tech industry upgrading policies.#br#It is suggested that future research can be conducted from three aspects. Firstly, in the design of antecedent variables, based on the availability of data, this paper only considers the explicit factors such as innovation investment, institutional environment and international knowledge spillover, and it is insufficient to explore the situational factors of the internalization of China's high-tech industry. The follow-up research can strengthen the industry investigation and bring the implicit state indicators such as industrial ecology and organizational ability into the analysis framework. Secondly, this study focuses on identifying the upgrading blocking path of industry differentiation, but it does not clearly describe and explain the interaction mechanism and dynamic evolution process of various factors, and these are waiting for further study. Finally, in view of the uniqueness and complexity of the upgrading activities of high-tech industrial value chain in late developing countries, cross-border comparative analysis needs to be carried out from a broader global perspective in the future.#br#

    Liang Zhong,Xu Han,Hu Dengfeng. The Conditional Configuration of Stagnation in the Value Chain Upgrading of China's High-Tech Industry：A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on 19 Sub-Industries[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 72-80., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080388.

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    • Enterprise Innovation Management
  • Research on the Influence and Mechanism of the National E-commerce Demonstration City on Green Technological Innovation of Enterprises
    Jin Huan,Yu Lihong,Wei Jiali
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 81-90. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.C202106128
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    Green technology innovation is considered to be one of the effective ways to transform the economic development mode and achieve sustainable development. Regarding how to realize green technology innovation, existing studies mainly focus on environmental regulation, leaving the green development of enterprises from the perspective of internet and commerce rarely untouched. Nowadays, the digital economy is becoming a leading force driving innovation and transformation. Digital technologies represented by big data and artificial intelligence have changed innovation factors and reduced cost of enterprises transactions. Therefore, this study aims to deeply investigate the influence and underlying mechanism of the development of Internet and e-commerce on enterprise green technology innovation.#br#The information impact brought by the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities provides a unique research perspective and opportunity for the above research. In order to give full play to the role of e-commerce in optimizing resource allocation, reducing energy consumption, and developing green economy, the government has carried out the pilot construction of e-commerce demonstration cities in 70 cities across China. In this paper, we take the construction of e-commerce demonstration cities as an exogenous policy shock, select the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2009 to 2019, and construct a difference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact and mechanism of urban e-commerce development on green technological innovation of micro enterprises.#br#It is found that the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities significantly improves the green technology innovation of enterprises in the pilot areas, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. However, in the long run, the innovation-driving effect of the policy shows a diminishing marginal contribution. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the pilot policy significantly promotes green technology innovation of enterprises in non-resource-based cities and areas with higher informatization, and has insignificant effects on resource-based cities and areas with low informatization. Meanwhile, the application of e-commerce has a greater impact on private enterprises' green technology innovation compared to state-owned enterprises. The mechanism test found that the e-commerce mainly promotes enterprises' green technological innovation by reducing their external transaction costs and internal control costs. In addition, compared with the manufacturing industry, the saving effect of commerce on transaction costs in the service industry is more obvious, and the saving effect on external transaction costs is greater than that on internal control costs.#br#This paper has marginal contributions in the following aspects. Firstly, in terms of research content, taking the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities as an exogenous policy shock, which not only can avoid the endogeneity problems caused by measurement errors and reverse causality, but also can expand the existing relevant research perspectives. Secondly, in terms of theoretical framework, this paper integrates transaction cost theory, bilateral market theory, and research results in the field of enterprise green technology innovation, which not only enriches the theoretical analysis of informatization and transaction cost, but also provides a new way of green technology innovation research. Thirdly, we further subdivide the total transaction cost into internal control cost and external market transaction cost, and separately explores the strength and direction of the transaction cost of different types of enterprises in influencing the process of green technological innovation, which provides useful policy insights for the in-depth promotion of pilot policy of e-commerce demonstration cities.#br#There are two aspects waiting for further improvement. On the one hand, there may be bias in the selection of listed companies as the research sample. Although the matching method is used in the robustness test to minimize the interference of selection bias, there are still many differences between listed companies and non-listed companies, both in terms of total number and scale, and further analysis and verification can be considered in the future using a more abundant large sample database. On the other hand, this paper only considers the impact of e-commerce development on enterprises' green technological innovation, without examining in depth whether enterprises can realize their transformation and upgrading after improving their green innovation capability, especially the green transformation and upgrading of polluting enterprises, which is the key to achieve green economic development at this stage. Therefore, in the future, the impact of Internet and commerce development on the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises can be further examined, as well as whether they can improve the green innovation ability of heavily polluting enterprises or promote their green transformation.#br#

    Jin Huan,Yu Lihong,Wei Jiali. Research on the Influence and Mechanism of the National E-commerce Demonstration City on Green Technological Innovation of Enterprises[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 81-90., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.C202106128.

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  • The Implementation Path of Data Empowerment:A Case Study Based on Resource Orchestration
    Hu Haibo,WangYiqin,Lu Haitao,Liu Chen
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 91-101. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107354
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    Nowadays, data has become a key factor in corporate performance improvement and value creation. Meanwhile, the concept of data empowerment emerges, and it emphasizes the empowering value acquired by enterprises based on the use of data information and data technology. However currently only one-third of enterprises have activated data value, and not all companies trying to use data are able to discover the empowering value of data. Wherefore the empowering value of data currently needs to be further explored. The key to implement data empowerment is the implementation path instead of data itself. On this basis, this study focuses on how enterprises use data empowerment to obtain data empowering value. According to the existing studies, it is found that data is usually taken as a collection of information and its application is explored from a technical point of view. Consequently enterprises gain little despite of heavy investment. Therefor it is necessary to study data empowerment from a comprehensive perspective of resources, capabilities, and environment. Meanwhile, the existing studies have also pointed out that, only when an enterprise's resources and capabilities are effectively orchestrated and managed can the intrinsic value be truly obtained. The resource orchestration model can help enterprises open the black box of the process from resources to value. Therefore, this study utilizes the resource orchestration model to help enterprises deeply analyze the implement path of data empowerment. It will specifically explain how enterprises use the resource orchestration model to obtain the enabling value of data in the context of data so as to achieve data empowerment.#br#Taking Jiangxi Jucai Human Resources Group Co., Ltd. asthe exaple, this study adopted an exploratory single case study method and collected first-hand data through semi-structured interviews and field visits, and second-hand data through corporate official websites, public accounts, brochures, industry research reports and related news reports. Next, following the coding requirements of the normative coding steps for qualitative data in case studies, this study conducted three rounds of data analysis to systematically conceptualize the phenomenon. Eventually, a theoretical framework with logical relationships was formed.#br#Based on the resource orchestration model, enterprises can implement data empowerment through three processes: data structuring, data bundling with other enterprise resources, data leveraging and value creation. According to different stages of business development, the forms of data empowerment include supporting data empowerment, driving data empowerment and enabling data empowerment, and they have different implementation paths. Specifically, in the business formation stage, data structuring is formed through the acquisition of traditional information. Data bundling is implemented through the reorganization of existing resources based on personal experience analysis. Ultimately, data can support business formation, thereby realizing supporting data empowerment. In the business development stage, data structuring is formed through the intelligent acquisition of data information and the synchronization of data technology. Data bundling is implemented through the development of heterogeneous resources based on data information analysis. Therefore data can drive business expansion and implement driving data empowerment. In the business innovation stage, data structuring is formed through data information sharing, digital technology upgrade and technical team iteration. Data bundling is implemented through enterprise organization update based on data value mining. Ultimately, data can enable business innovation and implement enabling data empowerment.#br#Starting from the perspective of resources, this study clarifies the implementation path of data empowerment and provides a new research perspective for the study of data empowerment. Compared with the existing research which regards data empowerment as the intermediate process of enterprise value creation, this study takes data empowerment as one of the realization forms of enterprise value creation; in addition, this research enriches the application of the resource orchestration model in the big data context. Different from the existing research that mainly focuses on the arrangement of a single resource of data, this study explores the co-arrangement process of data and other resources to give full play to the multiplier effect of data and help enterprises maximize value, thus providing a new research direction for the study of resource orchestration models in the context of data. This study also has instructive significance for the utilization of enterprise data. First, in the process of implementing data empowerment, enterprises should pay attention to the interaction and collaboration of data and other resources. Secondly, enterprises should not put too much emphasis on new business, product and resources, while ignoring the utilization of existing resources and original service, which may also contain enormous power. Finally, in the process of implementing data empowerment, enterprises not only need to focus on creating internal value, but also need to help other participants in the enterprise ecosystem to create external value, so as to achieve value co-creation and win-win cooperation.#br#

    Hu Haibo,WangYiqin,Lu Haitao,Liu Chen. The Implementation Path of Data Empowerment:A Case Study Based on Resource Orchestration[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 91-101., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107354.

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  • Does Reverse Internationalization of Complex Product R&D Network Stimulate Enterprise Innovative Behavior
    Wang Yu,Yang Naiding,Wang Yan,WangDu Fangmei
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 102-111. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021010459
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    Complex product development is the core of major national strategic needs and the game of big countries. It is difficult to coordinate the technological R&D and manufacturing operation process in complex product manufacturing, resulting in the slow speed of complex product development in China. Even Chinese suppliers of complex products gradually have developed the ability of independent innovation by joining the technology R&D system led by developed countries, they are still locked at the bottom of the global value chain (GVC) dominated by developed countries. In the face of global economic changes, enterprises have to reduce their international business, return to supply chain procurement, and actively build or join domestic value chain and R&D system, which can be called reverse internationalization of R&D network. In the context of reverse internationalization, Chinese complex product suppliers seek to build their own brands through the domestic industrial chain and value chain, and strives to achieve a higher position in the value chain. Based on the analysis of reverse internationalization of R&D network, this paper reveals the influence and mechanism of reverse internationalization of R&D network of complex product suppliers on enterprise innovation behavior.#br#Empirical research methods are used to explore the relationship among reverse internationalization degree of domestic complex product R&D network, knowledge acquisition ability, exploratory innovation behavior and exploitative innovation behavior. Thus, this paper selects middle and senior managers and R&D project leaders of complex product development enterprises in China as the initial samples to analyze reverse internationalization degree of R&D network and enterprise innovation behavior. Finally, valid sample data of 182 complex product suppliers is obtained. The hypotheses are verified by defining variables and constructing the multiple linear regression model. In order to further verify the intermediary role of knowledge acquisition ability, the bias-corrected bootstrap method with 5 000 bootstrap samples is employed. #br#The results show that reverse internationalization degree of domestic complex product R&D network has a significant positive correlation with the innovation behavior of complex product suppliers, and reverse internationalization degree of domestic complex product R&D network can positively affect the knowledge acquisition of domestic firms. Furthermore, knowledge acquisition ability partly mediates the relationship between reverse internationalization degree and innovation behavior of complex product suppliers. The level of urban economic development and infrastructure construction will not only affect the motivation of enterprises to participate in the reverse internationalization of R&D network, but also the effectiveness of the reverse internationalization of R&D network on enterprise innovation behavior. Specifically, in the context of reverse internationalization, enterprises with higher policy support, traffic development and opening could have more explorative innovation behaviors, while enterprises with weak infrastructure and innovation environment could have more exploitative innovation behaviors. China's complex product suppliers join or build a R&D network dominated by domestic complex product manufacturers, which helps to break the locking effect in the R&D internationalization system and stimulate enterprises' deep-seated innovation behavior. It is an effective way to realize independent innovation.#br#Based on the reverse internationalization theory, knowledge acquisition and innovation behavior theory, and relevant research results from the existing research, this paper explores the relationship between enterprise reverse internationalization and innovation behavior from the perspective of R&D network, which enriches the research in the field of enterprise reverse internationalization and innovation behavior. Taking Chinese complex product suppliers as research samples, it explores the relationship between reverse internationalization of R&D network and innovation behavior, verifies the views of previous literature, and focuses on the reverse internationalization of the R&D network of Chinese complex product suppliers. The conclusion of this study supports previous literature research views and expands the research on the value chain upgrading path of complex product suppliers in developing countries. The research results of the article also expands the application situation of knowledge management theory by exploring the relationship between reverse internationalization of R&D network, knowledge acquisition ability and enterprise innovation behavior. Previous studies have emphasized that R&D internationalization can effectively improve enterprise knowledge acquisition ability and significantly promote enterprise innovation. The results of this research show that reverse internationalization of enterprise R&D network can also improve enterprise knowledge acquisition ability, further stimulate enterprise innovation behavior and then expand knowledge management theory. In the era of anti-globalization and post epidemic, the above research conclusions are of practical significance to improve the knowledge acquisition ability of China's complex product development enterprises, stimulate their innovation behavior and finally to promote the domestic large cycle in the field of complex products.#br#

    Wang Yu,Yang Naiding,Wang Yan,WangDu Fangmei. Does Reverse Internationalization of Complex Product R&D Network Stimulate Enterprise Innovative Behavior[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 102-111., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021010459.

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    • Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
  • The Dilemma and Countermeasures in Law Enforcement Process of Chinese Military-Civilian Integration Based on the Military-Civilian Dual Structure
    Shao Hui,Xu Donggen
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 112-121. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.CZ202107058
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    Military-civilian integration development is the only way to coordinate economic and national defense construction, realize the goal that the people are rich and the country is prosperous under the unification of national strategic system. China's military-civilian integration has moved from preliminary stage to deep integration, involving the adjustment of the relationship and reshaping of interests of multiple parties. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate various main forces and allocate various element resources through the two dimensions of legal system and legal operations in accordance with law. At present, the law enforcement of military-civilian integration is subject to the actual constraints of the military-civilian dual structure. Chinese military-civilian integration is in a state of incomplete system supply at the legal level of legal system and faces the dilemma of uncoordinated practice at the level of legal operation. To solve the dilemma of law enforcement in the deep development of military-civilian integration under the practical system, it is advisable to comprehensively adjust military-civilian integration behavior from the rule of law. On the one hand, we should formulate and promulgate a unified and effective Military-Civilian Integration Development Law in a timely manner; On the other hand, we should establish a military civilian integration rule of law implementation leadership system of unified leadership of the committee and group responsibility and an efficient military-civilian joint law enforcement mechanism.#br#The legal protection system consists of formal legal sources such as laws and regulations (hard law) and informal legal sources such as policy opinions (soft law).With the military-civilian integration entering the stage of in-depth development, it has become increasingly important. For a long time after the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has been implementing the national defense priority construction mode in the whole peacetime and wartime, which better meets the needs of national defense construction under the planned economy. After the reform and opening-up, the government gradually shifted the focus to economic development, and the leadership and management functions of national defense construction were divided to some extent. Gradually a military-civilian dual structure was formed in which economic construction and national defense construction were relatively isolated and operated independently. Under the dual system of military civilian separation, the whole national innovation system is actually divided into two independent operating systems, namely, civil science and technology innovation system and national defense science and technology innovation system. Under the mapping of military-civilian dual structure, there are many problems in Military-Civilian Integration legal norm system.#br#Therefore, the construction of legal protection in military-civilian Integration should focus on the establishment of a unified and complete legal policy system, and constantly consolidate the institutional basis for the implementation of the rule of law. At the same time, we should improve the coordinated and efficient implementation system of the rule of law in military-civilian integration process, exert the power of institutional innovation through the practice in military-civilian integration to promote mutual benefit between military and civilian policies, co-construction and sharing of resources and joint training of talents, and realize the importance of military-civilian integration resources, so as to promote more new technologies, new products, new formats and new modes to serve national defense construction and economic development.#br#

    Shao Hui,Xu Donggen. The Dilemma and Countermeasures in Law Enforcement Process of Chinese Military-Civilian Integration Based on the Military-Civilian Dual Structure[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 112-121., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.CZ202107058.

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  • Prospective Governance Characteristics to Resolve Social Risks of Emerging Technologies
    Chen Yu,Ma Yongchi
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 122-130. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050130
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    The social risk of emerging technologies including nuclear power, nanotechnology, biology, information and cognition technology is a general term for various negative effects that may bring to human society in the process of technological development. For example, before people have reached a scientific conclusion about the cross-generational impact of genetically modified food, a large number of genetically modified crop materials on the domestic and foreign markets have entered the production and processing chain. Technology is originally neutral, and people's improper application has caused technological risks. The Collingridge dilemma brought about by the social risks of emerging technologies has begun to emerge. Some countries use expert decision-making mode or public participation to resolve technical risks. Because expert decision-making is difficult to fully consider the public interests and value demands, while public participation has problems with opinions conflict and limited decision-making efficiency, some countries and regions have begun to actively explore prospective governance. Such as the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United States try to solve the lack of ethics and morality in the design of emerging technology products, and they launch the participatory or expected governance practices before the promotion of emerging technology products. In view of the fact that the existing prospective governance research is relatively scattered and vague, this study explores and examines the prospective governance characteristics of the social risk resolution of emerging technologies in multiple cases, and try to answer the core scientific question: what are the obvious characteristics of prospective governance for social risk reduction of emerging technologies?#br#Current research on prospective governance is still relatively scattered and vague. This study integrates prospective governance into structure-process-result factors, identifies the causal relationship between prospective governance and collective action, and constructs an analysis framework. The research data comes from the Web of Science, China Knowledge Network CSSCI and other databases, and it retrieves 10 cases of representative emerging technology governance after 2000. The study uses the text analysis method to extract the prospective governance characteristics of governance subject, governance process, governance result, and conducts expert inspection on it.#br#The research has extracted 12 prospective governance characteristics with various effects on achieving collective action. The governance structure features include science and technology committee mechanism, multi-subject collaborative decision-making mechanism, independent professional institution, and independent third-party evaluation. The characteristics of the process include official media propaganda, the stage of government decision-making information disclosure, the depth of public participation, the consistency of information transmission and acquisition, and the public setting issues, and the governance result characteristics include public participation results into the established decision-making agenda, veto power, and emerging technology public participate in laws and regulations. After two stages of empirical testing based on the analytic hierarchy process, the research results show that firstly experts agree that the most important characteristics are governance results, and governance processes characteristics are necessary conditions for collective action, but it is not a sufficient condition. Second, the study found that the characteristics of social group resistance and external causes are special variables of prospective governance in China. In the case, the characteristic of social group resistance is that experts and local governments raise objections to the central government, and public opinion strongly urges the cessation of technical project construction. At the same time, the characteristic of external cause is that the outbreak of technological risks has aggravated the public's panic about technological projects, strengthened the central government's supervision of technological projects, and led to the immediate cessation of the construction of technological projects. Meanwhile the scale of social group resistance has also played a very important role in changing technological decisions. Third, the subject-procedure-object framework proposed by Chilvers and Longhurst has been further improved. This study initially established the relationship between the prospective governance and collective action. Prospective governance influences collective actions through three factors of governance structure, process and results. There is also a certain degree of mutual influence among the three factors. Further research needs to expand the scope of emerging technologies governance cases or focus on a certain type of emerging technology governance cases, and combine quantitative research to verify the causal relationship among various factors.#br#

    Chen Yu,Ma Yongchi. Prospective Governance Characteristics to Resolve Social Risks of Emerging Technologies[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 122-130., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050130.

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    • Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
  • How does Macro Ecological Environment Affect the Agglomeration of Scientific and Technological Talents:A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Sets Based on 31 Provinces in China
    Li Zuoxue,Zhang Meng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 131-139. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090196
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    As the core strategy to seek national competitive advantage，innovation is greatly stressed all over the world. The essence of innovation-driven is talent-driven, so having first-class scientific and technological talents means having the advantages and leading power of scientific and technological innovation. Scientific and technological talents are the core elements of regional economic and social development as well as scientific and technological innovation. It is an urgent need for China's high-quality development to vigorously cultivate and introduce scientific and technological talents, reasonably promote the flow of scientific and technological talents between regions and industries, and form a highland for gathering scientific and technological talents. The agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is affected by the macro ecological environment, such as regional economic development level, cultural education, scientific and technological innovation mechanism and so on. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the macro-ecological environment factors that affect the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents and explores the multiple paths that affect the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The existing research mainly focuses on the analysis of the net effect of a single factor on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents by the traditional analysis method. The agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is a complex social phenomenon which is affected by the linkage of multiple factors. The existing research fails to systematically explain the multi-factor synergy effect of the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Therefore, based on the theory of talent ecological environment, this paper constructs a macro ecological environment theory model that affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to explore the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors affecting regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration.
    In this paper, 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China are selected as the research cases, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to explore the complex influence mechanism of macro ecological environment factors on regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. Each research sample can reflect the current situation of regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. The conditions and outcome variables between the research samples have great heterogeneity, and meet the requirements of homogeneity and diversification of case selection.
    The findings are as follows. Firstly, cultural education is a key factor for the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The necessity test results show that cultural education is a necessary condition for the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and as the core and edge conditions, it exists in the three paths of high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Secondly, there are four driving paths for the high agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents, including scientific and technological innovation-oriented, livable culture and education-oriented, economic science and technology innovation-oriented and culture and education-oriented. The non-high agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents includes six paths and has an asymmetric relationship with the driving path of high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents.
    Based on the theory of talent ecosystem, this paper integrates the five factors of economic development, scientific and technological innovation, cultural education, livable environment and public service in the macro-ecological environment of talent, which lays a theoretical foundation for the empirical analysis of the synergistic influence mechanism of multiple factors of regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. This theoretical model helps to understand the macro-ecological environment that affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. From the perspective of configuration, this paper empirically discusses the overall synergistic effect of five factors, namely, economic development, scientific and technological innovation, cultural education, livable environment and public service, on the agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents. To a certain extent, it explains the causal complexity of regional scientific and technological talents agglomeration, and makes up for the deficiency of the existing research that focuses on the analysis of the causal relationship between a single macro ecological environment factor and the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. In this paper, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to study the phenomenon of scientific and technological talent agglomeration, which enhances the understanding and understanding of the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors affecting scientific and technological talent agglomeration.

    Li Zuoxue,Zhang Meng. How does Macro Ecological Environment Affect the Agglomeration of Scientific and Technological Talents:A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Sets Based on 31 Provinces in China[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 131-139., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090196.

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  • Entrepreneurial Failure Recovery, Shared Mental Model and Team Entrepreneurial Passion
    Xie Yaping,Ye Danrong
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 140-150. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050304
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    Entrepreneurship is an activity with great risk of failure. Entrepreneurial passion is an important driver of entrepreneurial activities, and the key to carrying out subsequent team entrepreneurial activities is to rekindle team entrepreneurial passion. However, the existing research on team entrepreneurial passion is very weak, and there is a lack of research on the mechanism of motivating team entrepreneurial passion after entrepreneurial failure.#br#This study attempts to explore the formation path of team entrepreneurial passion from the perspective of failure recovery. Although the failure of entrepreneurship deal a heavy blow to the entrepreneurial team, the team's passion for entrepreneurship still has the potential to be rekindled if the team can achieve effective failure recovery, regain entrepreneurial confidence and enhance the team's sense of efficacy. However, what are the specific processes involved in entrepreneurial failure recovery? And how do these processes fuel the team's passion for entrepreneurship? Furthermore, the shared mental model is an important factor in facilitating knowledge sharing and capability enhancement, and it can effectively improve the team's sense of efficacy and thus has the potential to stimulate team entrepreneurial passion. So can the knowledge and experience gained from the entrepreneurial failure recovery contribute to the formation of shared mental model? Can shared mental model be the key link between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion? These are the questions this study aims to explore and answer. #br#Based on this, this study systematically reviewed the literature on entrepreneurial failure recovery, shared mental model and team entrepreneurial passion, and then it introduced shared mental model as mediating variables between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion to construct a model of the effect of entrepreneurial failure recovery on team entrepreneurial passion. After that this study proposed research hypotheses, and conducted empirical analysis on the 294 valid questionnaires collected. The results of the study indicated that (1) entrepreneurial failure recovery has a significant positive effect on team entrepreneurial passion, and all three dimensions of entrepreneurial failure recovery including emotional regulation, critical reflection and reflective action contribute to re-energizing team entrepreneurial passion. This indicates that entrepreneurial failure recovery is necessary to stimulate team entrepreneurial passion, and the effective promotion of the entrepreneurial failure recovery process greatly contributes to the formation of team entrepreneurial passion; (2) entrepreneurial failure recovery had a positive effect on the collaborative shared mental model, while the positive effect of entrepreneurial failure recovery on the task-based shared mental model was partially supported. Although the effect of emotion regulation on the task-based shared mental model was not significant, both critical reflection and reflective action have a significant positive effect on task-based shared mental model; 3) there was a significant positive correlation between shared mental model and team entrepreneurial passion, and the more mature the task-based and collaborative shared mental model was, the more they contributed to the formation and development of team entrepreneurial passion. This indicates that shared mental model is also an important source of team entrepreneurial passion; 4) collaborative shared mental model played a mediating role between three dimensions of entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion, while the task-based shared mental model only mediated between critical reflection, reflective action, and team entrepreneurial passion. Overall, the shared mental model was the intermediate link between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion. Entrepreneurial failure recovery rekindled team entrepreneurial passion by promoting the formation and development of task-based shared mental model and collaborative shared mental model. According to the above results, this study provides countermeasures and suggestions for rekindling team entrepreneurial passion by effectively promoting entrepreneurial failure recovery, nurturing and developing shared mental model, and providing external supports.#br#The theoretical contribution of this study is that it innovatively links entrepreneurial failure with entrepreneurial passion to explore the mechanism of motivating team entrepreneurial passion in failure situations, and creatively constructs the influence path of "entrepreneurial failure recovery—shared mental model—team entrepreneurial passion", thus expanding the study of the factors influencing team entrepreneurial passion. The empirical findings reveal a complex mechanism between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion, which makes up for the lack of domestic entrepreneurial passion research theories in China and provides theoretical guidance for entrepreneurial teams to get out of the shadow of failure and rekindle their entrepreneurial passion.#br#

    Xie Yaping,Ye Danrong. Entrepreneurial Failure Recovery, Shared Mental Model and Team Entrepreneurial Passion[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 140-150., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050304.

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    • Review
  • The Spatiotemporal Dimension Clairvoyance of Responsible Innovation Research and CTIMO Knowledge Framework Construction
    Wang Wan,Cai Sanfa,Yang Kun
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(10): 151-160. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090434
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    With the deep integration of technology and society, responsible innovation has become a hot academic issue. This study selects the journal papers related to responsible innovation from Web of Science and CNKI databases, and comprehensively uses quantitative analysis methods such as bibliometrics and multivariate statistics to visually analyze the external characteristics, hot topics and cutting-edge trends, and clarify the subject knowledge base of research in this field. Then it explores the construction of a knowledge framework for responsible innovation, providing a reference for further research in this field.#br#In terms of external characteristics, from 2009 to 2020, the volume of foreign publications, domestic publications and total domestic and foreign publications all showed an upward trend in general, but in terms of domestic and foreign comparisons, not only the number of foreign publications was significantly higher, but also earlier than domestic ones. The mainstream foreign journal Research Policy publishes fewer papers, but has the highest citation frequency, while Journal of Responsible Innovation publishes the most papers with the aim to provide a dedicated platform for comprehensively and systematically clarifying and discussing issues related to responsible innovation. The distribution of domestic mainstream journals on responsible innovation research is mainly concentrated in the disciplines of philosophy and management science. Delft University of Technology and Arizona State University started early in the field of responsible innovation and achieved fruitful results, while the University of Exeter, Arizona State University and Oxford University are at the core of the surrounding cooperation network and have a certain academic influence force. The domestic responsible innovation research institutions are mainly colleges and universities featuring agriculture, forestry, science and technology, represented by Tsinghua University and Nanjing Forestry University. Foreign responsible innovation scholars mainly play an important role in the research team represented by Stilgoe, Blok, Stahl and Fisher, etc. There are also fewer domestic scholars studying responsible innovation, mainly Mei Liang, Chen Jin, Liu Zhanxiong, et al. Responsible innovation research presents interdisciplinary characteristics, and it is an interdisciplinary subject of psychology, education, economics, politics, biology and other disciplines.#br#In terms of hot frontiers, by extracting the key words or themes that express the core contents of the literature, this study combines key word frequency and co-occurrence network analysis to explore the research development trends and hot topics in this field. The hot topics of responsible innovation research mainly focus on four aspects: responsible innovation connotation and theoretical framework construction research, responsible innovation and stakeholder participation research, responsible innovation cross-border integration research, responsible innovation methods, practice and evaluation research. At the same time, the research frontier in the field of responsible innovation is explored comprehensively based on the composite relationship method and burst detection. According to the mutation and keyword clustering of 947 co-cited documents over time, a total of 17 clusters were formed, namely innovation policy, ethics, choice environment, autonomous vehicles, RRI vision, framework, genetically modified mosquitoes, and emerging technology governance. , gene drives, ethics, law and social impact (ELSI), neuroethics, research, debate, dual use, robotics ethics, agricultural models, engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations. In recent years, mutation keywords in the field of responsible innovation include perception, biofuels, social groups, responsibility, systems, political activities, gene editing, research and experimental development, etc. Therefore, the research frontier topics in this field are mainly divided into three aspects: research on responsible innovation and ethical norms, research on responsible innovation and emerging technology governance, and research on social embeddedness and political agenda of responsible innovation.#br#In terms of knowledge framework, based on the three standards of comprehensiveness, logic and independence, following the CIMO logic proposed by relevant scholars, a responsible innovation CTIMO knowledge framework of context-theoretical connotation-interventions-mechanisms- outcomes is constructed. The CTIMO knowledge framework summarizes the research status and progress in the field of responsible innovation, especially through quantitative analysis to identify the context and theoretical connotations of this field, which helps researchers to pay more attention to contextual characteristics and theory in the following study. The connotation is embedded in the logical process of intervention, mechanism and result, which promotes the organic integration of contextual research and theory construction, and then realizes the deepening of responsible innovation research in emerging economies, emerging technologies, and interdisciplinary research. Finally, it proposes future research prospects from the institutional context, stakeholder management, and organization-level evaluation.#br#

    Wang Wan,Cai Sanfa,Yang Kun. The Spatiotemporal Dimension Clairvoyance of Responsible Innovation Research and CTIMO Knowledge Framework Construction[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(10): 151-160., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090434.

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