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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2020 Vol.37 Issue.11 Published 2020-06-10

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology Talent and Education Review

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	Relational Governance of Open Innovation Based on the Process Management Perspective
		Zhang Hua,Gu Xin,Wang Tao
		Open innovation integrates value creation and value capture,which plays a positive role in facilitating cooperative R&D and commercialization of knowledge.However,many relational governance issues such as strategic divergence and benefit conflict among organizations affect the innovation performance and commercialization efficiency,which have become the major obstacle to the practice of open innovation.Based on the process management perspective of "knowledge exploration→knowledge integration→commercialization",this paper investigates the formation mechanism of relational governance in open innovation and puts forward a framework about relational governance.It finds that maintaining the dynamic balance between value creation and value capture is the crucial measure to constrain organizations’ cooperative behaviors in open innovation,the combination of trust and relational norms will play a key role in relational governance.It also finds that internal rules and external behaviors will enhance innovation performance and relationship quality among organizations.The findings provide theoretical support for the relational governance of open innovation.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 495 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1244KB] ( 518 )

	9	The Organizations of Reverse R&D Outsourcing for Incremental Innovations,Technology Spillover and Innovation Capability
		Jiang Shicheng,Li Jing,Liang Long
		The optimal R&D outsourcing organizations of the firms for incremental innovations without patents and tacit knowledge was seldom analyzed in the literatures which focus on how to mitigate knowledge leakage of the technology-advantaged firms.From the perspective of incomplete contracts,this paper analyzes how a company chooses between cooperation,M&A,delegation,and Greenfield Investment R&D,based on the trade-off between motivating agents to innovate and reducing cost of imperfect substitution of incremental innovations.Firms with higher technology prefer to get more control rights to reduce the cost of imperfect substitutability,and vice versa.The larger market size of the principle reduces the cost of imperfect substitutability,and prefers to reserve more control right to the agent to stifle the latter's incentive.The organization of Greenfield Investment R&D could be a tool for the risk-taking principle to reduce the cost of imperfect substitutability.The principle's innovative efforts,which determine both the technology spillovers in R&D outsourcing and the principle's innovation capability,are different in different organizations of R&D outsourcing.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 9-17 [Abstract] ( 426 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1281KB] ( 421 )

	18	Modeling Competitive Innovation Diffusion with the Consideration of Negative Word-of-Mouth: Conceptual Framework and Simulation Analysis
		Xie Li,Ding Haixin,Zhao Peixin
		Although market failures of innovation diffusion are commonplace,most studies focus successful innovation diffusions and thus cannot interpret why failures always happen.Meanwhile the multiple aspects of innovation diffusion are always neglected.Builds upon Bass Model,a multiple-state innovation diffusion model is constructed to consider the influences of competition and negative word-of-mouth,and employs the system dynamics approach to investigate innovation diffusions under different contexts.Simulation results show,these two factors will affect the results and process of innovation diffusion both at the ratio and monetary level; and as a complex system,the influences of these factors are different at the category and brand level.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 18-24 [Abstract] ( 435 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1231KB] ( 495 )

	25	The Influence of Inventor′s Brokerage Role on Dual Innovation
		Jiang Xiujuan,Liang Yaqi,Gao Yufeng,Zhang Shengping
		The inventor′s brokerage roles are classified into two kinds,one kind is the role of brokerage in external relations (RBER),and the other is the role of brokerage in internal relations (RBIR).Based on the data of patents of Huawei & ZTE,authorized by the National Patent Office,considering the mediating effects of knowledge diversification,the research aims to reveal the mechanism of the influence of inventor′s brokerage role on dual innovation and the hypotheses are tested empirically with zero-inflated negative binomial regression models.The results indicate that RBIR is positively correlated with the diversification of relevant knowledge(DRK),which positively promotes exploitative innovation,and RBIR influences the exploitative innovation mainly through the DRK; RBER has a positive impact on the diversification of non-relevant knowledge(DNRK).While there is a significant inverted U-type relationship between DNRK and exploratory innovation,and RBER influences the exploratory innovation mainly through the DNRK.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 25-32 [Abstract] ( 465 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1206KB] ( 528 )

Regional Scientific Development

	33	Convergence and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Performance of China'sTechnology Business Incubator
		Feng Yuan,Nie Changfei,Zhang Dong
		From three dimensions of scale efficiency,capital input and social contribution,this paper selects 12 indicators to construct the performance evaluation index system of technology business incubator,measures the comprehensive performance index of technology business incubator of state-level of China’s 28 provinces from 2007 to 2017,and uses multiple models comprehensively analyze its dynamic evolution,regional differences,spatial correlation and convergence.The results show that the annual growth rate of China's state-level technology business incubator performance comprehensive index is as high as 9.43% during the sample period,but it is difficult to change from low-level to high-level,and the probability is between 20.90% and 28.77%.The regional differences generally show the "inverted U" characteristics of first rising and then declining.There is a stable spatial positive correlation between the performance of technology business incubator in different provinces.Besides,there is noσconvergence showing in the comprehensive performance index of technology business incubator in the whole country,the eastern,the central and the western areas,but there is absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence in all of the areas.Finally,the paper puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions on how to improve the performance level of incubators and narrow the development gap of incubators in each province.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 33-42 [Abstract] ( 504 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1267KB] ( 708 )

	43	Green Balancing Development in Yangtze River Economic Zone: Different Level or Low Coordination
		Chen Fang ,Hu Yan
		During the period of study,the imbalance degree of green development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone has slowed down,but it is still obvious.Firstly,this paper calculates the degree of green unbalanced development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and then systematically investigates the influencing factors and transmission mechanism of green unbalanced development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone.The results show that improving the level of green development and coordinating degree of green development can effectively reduce the degree of green unbalanced development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and the low efficiency of green development coordination is green in the Yangtze The main source of unbalanced development.The policy enlightenment of this paper is to enhance the coordination efficiency among regions in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and to speed up the construction of the overall management and coordination protection mechanism based on the weak links and short-board constraints of green development is the breakthrough to solve the new problems of green development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 43-50 [Abstract] ( 548 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1603KB] ( 441 )

	51	Study on the Temporal and Spatial Agglomeration Effect of Innovation Quality of Zhongguancun Science Park
		Zhang Zhiqiang,Qiao Yidi,Liu Xuan
		Innovation is the basic attribution of Zhongguancun Science Park,and the quality of innovation determines the quality of its development.Science parks promote regional industrial agglomeration,and agglomeration significantly affects the innovation of science parks.But theories and researches about comprehensive agglomeration effect on the innovation quality of Zhongguancun Science Park lack.This paper established the innovation quality index system of Zhongguancun Science Park and dynamic spatial panel models of the impact of the agglomeration model on innovation quality,and also researched on the spatial and temporal effects of different agglomeration models and decomposed them.The results show that the innovation quality of Zhongguancun Science Park has a significant time-cycle effect; the space of innovation quality in each park has high-high and low-low modes and transitions with time.All the parks were affected by the positive and significant special agglomeration.Daxing-Yizhuang Park was affected by the negative and significant diversity,while the diversity of Fangshan Park,Miyun Park and Yanqing Park was not significant.Haidian Park,Chaoyang Park and Daxing -Yizhuang Park,Dongcheng Park,Xicheng Park,Tongzhou Park,Mentougou Park and Shunyi Park were affected by the market competition agglomeration effect.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 51-59 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1308KB] ( 426 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	60	Convergence of High-tech Service and Resource-based Industry,Absorptive Capacity and Two-stage Innovation Efficiency of Resource-based Enterprises
		Wang Yanlin,Guo Xiaochuan,Liu Hong
		Cross-border convergence of high-tech service industry which is based on new technology and new knowledge is an important factor for traditional enterprises to optimize the allocation of innovation resources,carry out R&D activities and transform innovation outputs into productivity.Based on this,the paper measured the degree of industry convergence of high-tech service and resource-based industry,analyzed the influence of industry convergence on resources-based enterprises' two-stage innovation efficiency during 2014-2017,and discussed the moderating effect of absorptive capacity.The results show:firstly,the current convergence degree is not high,but the developing tendency is good and is in the transitional period from dissonance to harmony;secondly,the industry convergence has no significant effect and negative effect on resource-based enterprises R&D efficiency in the short term and in the long term,respectively.Resource-based enterprises not only reject new technologies due to the technological rigidity,but also reduce the technology diffusion effect caused by the interindustry interaction due to the cognitive gap.In terms of the transformation efficiency,it shows an effect of first restraining and then promoting.Therefore,in the long term,industry convergence has a good driving force for innovation transformation;thirdly,the absorptive capacity of resource-based enterprises plays a positive and negative moderating role on industry convergence,R&D efficiency and transformation efficiency,which reflects that the construction of absorptive capacity is not comprehensive.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 60-69 [Abstract] ( 409 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1323KB] ( 437 )

	70	The Mechanism Research on Dynamic Evolution of China's Advantageous Industry Portfolio
		Liu Linqing,Chen Ziruo
		Based on product space theory,this paper using the export data of 783 industries in 128 countries or areas from 1962 to 2015 applies the latest Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models (TERGM) to deeply dissect the dynamic evolution mechanisms of China's advantageous industry portfolio.Research results show that it demonstrates a significant macro core-periphery network structure in China's advantageous industry portfolio,the micro mechanisms behind which are star-shaped and agglomerated configurations,meaning anchoring and chain development path respectively.Furthermore,it shows incremental development strategy,that is,China's initial industrial structure impacts and shapes advantageous industry portfolio in future,suggesting strong self-stability.The research suggests that TERGM can effectively deal with structural dependence and time dependence,being a social network analysis tool that systematically describes and tests network evolution,and also reveals the process and formation of dynamic evolution about China's advantageous industry portfolio through micro network configurations.This paper provides guidance for better understanding the network interdependence of industrial structure,realizing industrial transformation and upgrading,and grasping the opportunities of economic globalization.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 70-78 [Abstract] ( 760 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1567KB] ( 883 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	79	Does the Negative Expectation-performance Gap Promote the R&D Investment and Marketing Investment of Enterprises
		Guan Jian,Yin Jingyi
		Based on the behavioral theory of the firm,this paper takes the A-share listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2017 as a sample,and discusses and compares the differences of expectation-performance gap's effect mechanism on R&D investment and marketing investment,as well as the moderating effect of media attention on the above-mentioned relationship.The empirical results show that: with the increase of the negative gap between the actual performance and the expected goal,the R&D investment and marketing investment of enterprises will increase significantly,but the marketing investment will increase more; The effect of negative expectation-performance gap of industry and capital market on firms is greater than that of historical negative expectation-performance gap separately.Besides,the effect of industry pressure and capital market pressure on R&D investment and marketing investment is significantly different.When a firm with relatively poor performance has higher media attention,the negative expectation-performance gap will enhance the R&D investment and marketing investment.Such findings provide a more comprehensive understanding about firms' Ｒ&D investment and marketing investment behaviors．
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 79-88 [Abstract] ( 469 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1226KB] ( 550 )

	89	The Study on Organizational Flexibility and Sustainable Growth of Leading Enterprises based on the Moderator of Intro-open Innovation
		Le Guolin,Wang Fei,Mao Shuzhen,Zhu Wenlong
		With the fourth industrial transformation,complex and uncertain environment arrival,some leading enterprises in the industry have suddenly collapsed in recent years ,while others have achieved transformation and sustainable growth.Organizational flexibility and open innovation may be important factors influencing leading companies to achieve transformation and sustainable growth.After the intro-open innovation as a moderator and the questionnaire survey with data analyses,it is confirmed that organizational flexibility is an important factor to affect the ability of sustainable growth of leading enterprises,in which capacity flexibility dimension is first impact,cultural flexibility dimension is second impact and structural flexibility is last impact.Intro-open innovation plays a positive moderating effect in the relationship between organizational flexibility and sustainable growth.Lastly,with the results analysis on case enterprise transformation and sustainable growth in recent years,it is implied that the platform synergy,interest mechanism and market orientation are the practical paths,which the relation of organizational flexibility and intro-open innovation to promote the sustainable growth of leading enterprises,ispracticed.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 89-98 [Abstract] ( 538 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1447KB] ( 607 )

	99	Types of Industry and Finance Combination,R&D Investment and Innovation Output
		Tan Xiaofang,Zhang Lingli
		Based on the perspective of two types of the combination of industry and finance: internal setting type and cooperative type,the paper takes the data of small and medium-sized board and gem listed companies from 2010 to 2017.Using PSM,this paper explores the impact of different types of industry-finance combination on enterprise R&D investment.Using 2SLS,this paper investigates the relationship among R&D investment and innovation output,and studies the moderating effect that two types of the combination of industry and finance on that relationship.This results show that compared with the cooperative industry-finance combination,the internal industry-finance combination can improve the level of enterprise R&D investment,and the diversification of internal production-finance integration significantly strengthens the support of production-finance integration for R&D investment,improving the commercial value of enterprise R&D investment; The combination of internal production and finance can effectively adjust the innovation output of R&D input,paying more attention to guiding enterprises' breakthrough innovation output,and the combination of internal production and finance further strengthens this function.According to the research conclusion,this paper puts forward that enterprises should develop the combination of internal production and finance,pay attention to the diversification of financial subsidiary model,enhance the ability of breakthrough innovation,and promote the commercialization and marketization of R&D innovation.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 99-108 [Abstract] ( 534 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1248KB] ( 430 )

	109	Empirical Study on the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility to Innovation Performance of Medical Enterprises
		Kang Yimin,Zhu Xianqi,Li Xuelian
		From the perspective of integration of resources and capabilities,the paper explores the path of impact of CSR on innovation performance of medical enterprises.Based on the stakeholder theory and resource-based theory,the paper introduces the dynamic capability of enterprises as the intermediary mechanism,and constructs the theoretical model of the influence of CSR on the innovation performance of medical enterprises with the research paradigm of "resource-ability-performance".Through the statistical analysis of 228 questionnaires of medical enterprises,the results show that the CSR of medical enterprises has a significant positive impact on their innovation performance.Dynamic ability plays a mediating role in the causal relationship between them.The adjustment effect of stakeholder pressure is not significant.The conclusion of this study has certain scientific reference significance for medical enterprises to improve innovation performance.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 109-116 [Abstract] ( 406 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1226KB] ( 529 )

Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology

	117	The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Social Participation in R&D from the Perspective of Government Concern
		Fan Xu,Li Jianjiang
		Revealing the rules of fiscal decentralization affecting social participation in R&D investment is of great significance for strengthening and improving the management of local government R&D investment in China.The theoretical study shows that there is a mediating path in the process of the influence of fiscal decentralization on social participation in R&D initiative,in which the R&D attention of local governments acts as an intermediary variable.Based on this,this paper takes panel data of 31 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2017 as samples,chooses local government's R&D attention as intermediary variable,and uses the improved intermediary effect model based on Bootstrap method to make an empirical study on the impact of fiscal decentralization on local government's guiding social participation in R&D investment.The results show that the influence of fiscal decentralization on local government's social participation in R&D investment can be mediated or directly affected to varying degrees from the national and regional perspectives.The improvement of fiscal decentralization will have a positive correlation with local government's guiding social participation in R&D investment to varying degrees.From the time-division perspective,fiscal decentralization has a positive impact on social R&D investment.There is no time difference in the mediation effect.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 117-125 [Abstract] ( 554 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1449KB] ( 390 )

	126	Research on the Effect of National Innovative Cities on the Innovation Ability of Territories
		Chen Chen,Zhang Guangsheng
		The 2003-2016 urban data samples were selected,based on the characteristics established by the national innovative cities in batches,using the progressive double difference model,the fixed effect double difference model and the processing utility double difference model.The research was established as a national innovative city of the overall effect of innovation capacity,long-term dynamic effects and batch effects.In addition,combined with the characteristics of the micro-subjects of urban innovation,the paper analyzes the influence of the innovative national enterprise policies and enterprise type heterogeneity on the territorial innovation ability.The research results show that the improvement of local innovation ability in the country's innovative cities plays a positive role in the long-term and short-term,and the sooner the city is established,the stronger the effect on the innovation ability of the territories; the innovation of the national innovative enterprise policy to the city Capacity improvement plays a positive role in regulation,and the role of enterprise groups is greater than that of listed companies,which is greater than that of general enterprises.Finally,this paper proposes policy recommendations for innovative urban construction.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 126-135 [Abstract] ( 346 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1236KB] ( 440 )

Talent and Education

	136	The Impact of Communication Behavior of R&D Team on Independent Innovation Performance in High-tech Enterprises
		Li Jinsheng,Qiao Ying
		In the era of knowledge economy,knowledge is the source and important resource of enterprise development and innovation.Team communication behavior of R&D team is an important factor affecting the performance of independent innovation in high-tech enterprises,and it is of great significance to explore its impact mechanism on the performance of independent innovation.Based on the theories of social identity and knowledge sharing,the relationship between communication behavior and independent innovation performance of R&D team in High-tech Enterprises is analyzed with knowledge absorption capacity as the mediating variable.288 valid samples are empirically analyzed with stepwise regression analysis and other research methods.The results show that cooperative communication of R&D team has a positive impact on team's product innovation performance and process innovation performance,while competitive communication and avoidance communication of R&D team have a negative impact on team's product innovation performance and process innovation performance;Knowledge absorption ability plays a significant mediating role in cooperative communication,competitive communication of R&D team and independent innovation performance,but it has no significant mediating role in avoidance communication of R&D team on independent innovation performance.The research on this mechanism provides a new way to improve the independent innovation performance of R&D teams in high-tech enterprises,and provides important inspiration for enterprises to improve their knowledge sharing and innovation ability and carry out innovation activities.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 136-144 [Abstract] ( 374 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1246KB] ( 548 )

	145	Longitudinal Matching of Advantage Alliance Type Scientific Research Team Innovation Capability
		Yang Kai,Zhou Yan
		The rise of new research institutions such as West Lake University has set off a new round of scientific research talents.Aiming at the clear lack of longitudinal matching in innovation capabilities,the current research has focused on member selections.Based on the perspective of advantage theory,this paper refines the innovation capability evaluation elements based on the advantage alliance type scientific research team's innovation activities,builds the longitudinal matching model based on the individual advantage identification method,and finally uses the case application method to verify the rationality and superiority.Specifically,the longitudinal matching model oriented by the advantages of scientific research personnel takes into account individual comparison and group pattern analysis on the basis of identifying the individual characteristics of external researchers.Then the paper selects members who meet the requirements of team innovation ability and achieves the complementary advantages between members.The goal of innovation and synergy is to provide reference to the problems of fuzzy innovation of members' innovation,poor cooperation of members,and weak level of innovation.According to the research conclusions,management revelation is given from the aspects of improving innovation ability,maintaining evaluation rationality,and perfecting team advantage configuration.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 145-152 [Abstract] ( 389 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1225KB] ( 365 )

Review

	153	Review on the Mindset and Its Relationship with Related Concepts Concerning Creativity
		Zhao Hui,Zhang Jianwei,Zhang Zhen,Heng Shupeng
		The number-one trait underpinning creative achievement stems from the mindset.Analysis of the relationship between mindset and related concepts concerning creativity not only lays the foundation for the further development of implicit personality theory research,but also deepens and expands the research scope of creativity.This paper aims at the discussion the latest research progress of mindset in the field of creation.In addition,it also discusses the concept,theoretical bases,the measurements and experiments of mindset.Finally,the future research prospects are proposed.The study provides a theoretical reference for innovative research and scientific decision-making.
		2020 Vol. 37 (11): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 682 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1274KB] ( 574 )

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