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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2019 Vol.36 Issue.20 Published 2019-10-25

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology Talent and Education Review

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	Impact of Political Connections onVenture Capital Strategy
		Zhou lin,Lin Nan
		From the perspective of capital demander,we use the data of Chinese Growth Enterprise Market listed companies and the data of listed companies in SEM board from October 2009 to December 2016.This article empirically analyzes the impact of political connections on venture capital strategy.The moderating effects of different governance mechanisms are further explored. The results show: (1) Politically connected enterprises tend to choose venture capital at a later stage.(2)Politically connected enterprises tend to choose the syndication investment and the staged investment.(3)Politically connected enterprises tend to choose state-backed,experienced and higher involvement venture capitals.(4)incentive-based mechanisms positively modifes the relation between political connection and venture capital strategy.(5)monitoring-based mechanisms negatively modifes the relation between political connection and venture capital strategy.This study has important implications for the development of the theory and practice of political connection and venture capital.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 451 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1222KB] ( 306 )

	11	Research on the Relationship between Network Cohesion and Investment Performance of Venture Capital Firms
		Yang Yanping,Liu Yaojun
		Based on the perspective of social network and resource-based view, the paper puts forward two elements that represent the resource attributes of venture capital firms(VCs), namely organizational ability and status. With 439 VCs collected from the Wind database as samples, the paper explores and tests the direct and regulating effects of network cohesion and resource attributes of VCs on investment performance. The results find that there is a significantly negative relationship between VCs' network cohesion and investment performance. VCs' organizational ability and status respectively and significantly promote investment performance. VCs' organizational ability significantly and negatively moderates the relationship between network cohesion and investment performance. VCs' status significantly and positively moderates the relationship between network cohesion and investment performance. VCs' organizational ability and status simultaneously determine the impact of network cohesion on investment performance. Therefore， VCs should eliminate unnecessary redundant links in time, optimize the relationship with partners, strive to enhance own ability of controlling the necessary resources, improve own position in the network, weigh the relationship between own resource attributes and network cohesion, and jointly consider own resources as well as investment environment, which are beneficial to ultimately improve VCs' investment performance.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 11-20 [Abstract] ( 577 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1289KB] ( 311 )

	21	The Hierarchical Structure of Behavior Driving Factors in Enterprise Basic Research and the Variation of Its Function Map
		Gao Xirong,Liu Sinian
		Based on the research of extracting the behavioral driving factors of enterprise basic research, a hierarchical structure model of behavioral driving factors of enterprise basic research is constructed by using the principle of interpretative structural model. On the basis of extracting the driving factors of enterprise basic research behavior, a hierarchical structural model of driving factors of enterprise basic research behavior is constructed by using the principle of interpretative structural model. From top to bottom, the driving factors are enterprise internal drive, market drive, national strategy drive, international competition drive and social drive. It divides the strong-relationship-driven layer, the middle-relationship-driven layer and the weak-relationship-driven layer of enterprise basic research behavior. Selecting leading enterprises for basic research to conduct typical case studies, we get the function map of hierarchical structure of driving factors of basic research behavior. The research results have certain theoretical reference suggestions and application value for the implementation of enterprise basic research driving work in China.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 326 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1387KB] ( 312 )

	30	Research on the Impact of Open Innovative Community Governance Mechanism on User Knowledge Contribution Behavior
		Gu Meiling,Chi Ming,Han Jieping
		This study constructs the model of how open innovation community governance mechanism affect users' knowledge contribution behavior by introducing virtual community sense as mediated variable, focusing on the role of two dimensions of community governance——promotive and constrained governance mechanism in stimulating users' knowledge contribution behavior. The empirical results show that both promotive and constrained governance mechanism have significant positive effects on users' knowledge contribution behavior. Virtual community sense plays a partial mediated role between open innovation community governance mechanism and users' knowledge contribution behavior. On this basis, this study put forward some countermeasures to improve the level of knowledge contribution from the perspective of community governance.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 30-37 [Abstract] ( 491 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1222KB] ( 435 )

	38	Research on the Influence of Crowdsourcing Capability on the Fuzzy Front End Performance of New Product Development
		Pei Xudong,Wang Boying,Huang Yuzhou,Li Na
		In the open innovation situation , the capability of enterprises to effectively manage fuzzy front-end crowdsourcing tasks, ideas and processes is the key to driving product creativity into the back end of new product development and improving the performance of fuzzy front-ends. But the process mechanism of how crowdsourcing capabilities affect fuzzy front-end performance remains unclear. Based on the theory of information processing, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the relationship between crowdsourcing capabilities, reducing market uncertainty, reducing technical uncertainty and fuzzy front-end performance, using 287 questionnaire survey data from Chinese companies to study the proposed research hypotheses and The impact path is empirically tested. The results show that the enterprise crowdsourcing ability can improve the fuzzy front-end performance by effectively reducing market uncertainty and technical uncertainty. Reducing market uncertainty and reducing technical uncertainty play a partial intermediary role in the relationship between crowdsourcing capabilities and fuzzy front-end performance. The research results provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for Chinese enterprises to effectively manage the fuzzy front-end stage of new product development and improve the performance of fuzzy front-end.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 38-46 [Abstract] ( 341 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1221KB] ( 291 )

Regional Scientific Development

	47	Measurement of Industrial Development Level of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration under the Perspective of Efficiency and Balance
		Cui Yanzhe,Zhou Jingkui
		Based on the perspective of efficiency and balance, a new measure of industrial development level was constructed by incorporating structural differences and volume gaps.The efficiency and balance level of industrial development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations were evaluated, results of the measurement show that the efficiency levels of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration varies greatly. The high efficiency of the central city of Beijing leads to over aggregation of the industry. In a long period of time, the balance of industrial development of the urban agglomeration has not change, but the competitive pressures of cities within the urban agglomeration gradually shifted to the southwest of the urban agglomeration. The results of further discussion show that the measurement results of the new measurement method are credible; the distribution of finance, public services and other industries within the urban agglomeration has been optimized to a certain extent, but the manufacturing, education and entertainment industries are deteriorating. Overall in view, the industrial structure of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration still needs further improvement.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 47-53 [Abstract] ( 475 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1347KB] ( 402 )

	54	Research on the Measurement and Influence of Talent Gather in the Center Cities of Metropolitan Areas
		Zhang Suodi,Hu Lina,Zhou Liqing
		Talent is the core driving force of urban economic development and innovation. Many cities are eager for talents and have issued new policies to recruit talents. From the perspective of urban hard structure and soft factors, this paper constructs a three-level factor system affecting talent agglomeration, including economic potential energy, innovation input and real estate structure. This paper uses the data of 18 central cities of metropolitan areas in China from 2008 to 2016, and analyzes the factors affecting talent agglomeration by the entropy method and random effect model. It is concluded that the economic potential energy, innovation input and real estate structure of those central cities have positive but different influence on talent agglomeration. The real estate structure has the most significant influence on talent agglomeration, and the influence coefficient of real estate structure on talent agglomeration is 2.23 times of the coefficient of economic potential energy and 1.64 times of innovation input. Innovation input has the second most significant impact on talent agglomeration and its influence coefficient is 1.36 times of the coefficient of economic potential energy. In addition, when other conditions remain unchanged, talent agglomeration will increase by the unit of 0.42, 0.25 and 0.19 with the augment of 1 unit of real estate structure, innovation input and economic potential energy in central cities.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 54-61 [Abstract] ( 475 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1223KB] ( 353 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	62	Cooperative Innovation and Industrial Upgrading: Promoting or Suppressing
		Sun Daming
		During the economic transition period, the cooperative R&D influencing mechanism on industry upgrading in China is more complicated than that in the mature market economies. This paper reassesses the cooperative innovation level to test the transformation effect of information technology application on cooperative innovation. The results show that: the relationship between industry-university-research collaboration innovation and is U-shaped, most all of the provinces locate on the right side of the curve. The technology application impact is an important factor in this mechanism. Consider the regional heterogeneity, the eastern region benefits more from information technology applications. Infrastructure construction plays an important role in central and western regions. Further, in order to avoid the possible endogenous problems, the panel tool variable method is used to test the results, which still supports the above conclusions. The conclusions have more important policy implication for the strategy of collaboration innovation and Internet plus to promote regional development and upgrade industry.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 62-68 [Abstract] ( 495 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1346KB] ( 381 )

	69	The Impact of High-tech Industry Agglomeration on Industrial Efficiency
		Yang Shouyun,Zhao Xin,Wang Yiqiao
		High-tech industry agglomeration can promote industrial efficiency, but the relationship between the two is also affected by the level of economic development and the degree of opening to the outside world. Based on the panel data of high-tech industry in 29 provinces from 1995 to 2016, an interactive term and a panel threshold regression model were constructed to empirically test the impact of economic development and opening on relationship between the agglomeration and efficiency. The results show that the coefficient of interaction between agglomeration and economic development is negative, while that between agglomeration and opening up is positive. The impact of high-tech industry agglomeration on industrial efficiency has significant threshold effect from economic development and opening up. With the growing of the level of economic development, the positive impact of agglomeration on industrial efficiency will be gradually weakened, and the existence of Williamson Hypothesis in China's high-tech industry are verified. With the growing of the degree of opening up, the positive impact of agglomeration on industrial efficiency will be gradually strengthened, and the Openness Hypothesis are denied.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 69-76 [Abstract] ( 455 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1193KB] ( 373 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	77	Research on Development Path of Integration of Chinese Manufacturing SMEs and Internet: Under the Perspective of Platform Ecosystem
		Yu Feifei,Dong Fei
		With the rise of interconnected technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and internet of things, the internet platform has gradually become the soil for the survival and development of Chinese manufactured SMEs. This paper firstly explores the connotation and characteristics of the integration of Chinese manufacturing SMEs by using the theories of platform ecosystem and value creation. And then, we explore the successful model of the integration of Chinese manufacturing SMEs and the Internet by using the embedded multi-cases studies method and summarized three integration development paths for the under the basic framework of "subject interaction and integration-cross-industry value reshaping-environmental collaboration and symbiosis".
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 77-84 [Abstract] ( 493 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1180KB] ( 370 )

	85	Market Power, Asset Specificity and R&D Investment:an Empirical Study based on Two Dimensions of Seller and Buyer
		Guo Xiaoling,Li Kai
		In the vertical related market, market power and asset specificity are the important factors affecting R&D investment. Based on the data of 121 listed pharmaceutical companies in China from 2012 to 2016, this paper explored the relationship between market power, asset specificity and R&D investment from the perspective of buyers and sellers. The empirical results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between buyer's power, seller's power and firm's R&D investment, that is, when the market power of buyer and seller is low, the positive "incentive effect" of market power on R&D investment is dominant, and when the market power exceeds a certain level, the negative "crowding-out effect" of market forces is dominant. Compared with the pharmaceutical enterprises with low investment intensity of specific assets, the influence of seller's power and buyer's power on R&D investment of enterprises with high investment intensity of specific assets is more prominent.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 85-93 [Abstract] ( 405 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1220KB] ( 289 )

	94	Technology Director, Technology Resource Allocation and Enterprise Growth：Empirical Data Based on Listed Companies
		Xu Xiumei,Li Jingsuo,Wen Lin
		Selecting 2012-2017 listed enterprises as samples, this paper explores technology director driving effect on enterprise growth and technology resource allocation intermediary role to interpret multiple relations among technology director, technology resource allocation and enterprise growth. The findings are as follows: technology directors have obvious driving effect on enterprises growth; technology directors have a certain amplification effect on technology resources scale and improve the quality of technology resource allocation; further, technology resource allocation scale and quality are intermediary variables between technology director and enterprise growth. Based on realistic situation of innovation and development, the above conclusions provide Chinese enterprises at the crossroads of innovation with certain references on director governance and technology cultivation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 94-102 [Abstract] ( 531 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1220KB] ( 287 )

	103	Capital Misallocation, Financing Constraint and R&D Investment of Enterprise
		Zhang Jie,Tang Jie
		Enterprise R&D, which can promote technological progress and innovation, is the core driving force of supply-side structural reform in China. Based on the annual report data of Chinese high-tech listed companies from 2010 to 2017, this paper analysed the effects of capital misallocation and financing constraints on R&D investment of enterprises. The research results show that: capital misallocation has inhibitory effect on R&D investment, and financing constraint not only has a direct negative impact on R&D, but also strengthens the inhibitory effect of capital misallocation on R&D investment. However, these effects of financing constraints exist only in non-state-owned enterprises, but not in state-owned enterprises. Therefore, providing multi-channels financing system for different ownership enterprises, improving capital allocation efficiency and reducing corporate financing costs, are conducive to promoting the innovation of enterprises and smooth implementation of supply-side reform.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 103-111 [Abstract] ( 460 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1254KB] ( 537 )

	112	Model Construction and Path Analysis of Green Technological Innovation Driven by Market Orientation
		Wang Mingyue,Li Yingming,Zhang Hao,Wang Hui
		Based on the analysis of the transformation of enterprise green technological innovation environment and driving forces, the basic element model of enterprise green technological innovation is constructed, and the connotation characteristics of the elements and the guidelines to be followed are given. Finally, the influence path of market orientation on enterprise green technological innovation is expounded. It is found that enterprise green technological innovation is a behavior under a system environment, aiming at maximizing system revenue, and market-oriented mechanism is an important medium for its driving force transformation. Breakthrough of basic knowledge, accumulation of social capital, market demand of products, innovation network of enterprises, consciousness of consumers, market access opportunity and government policy are important components of enterprise green technology innovation factor system. The basic factor model for constructing and optimizing enterprise green technology innovation must comply with the suitability criteria, dynamic criteria, intervention criteria and systemic guidelines. Releasing the supply and demand signals of green technological innovation elements, promoting the synergy of the elements, improving the allocation efficiency of elements and reducing the transaction cost of green technology innovation are the main paths for market-oriented enterprises to influence green technological innovation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 112-120 [Abstract] ( 539 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1539KB] ( 740 )

Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology

	121	Research on Punitive Compensation for Patent Infringement
		Zhang Wujun,Zhang Weiwei
		In the past, compensation for intellectual property damage in our country mainly adopted the principle of "filling in the plain" to compensate the actual loss of the oblige. But at present, there are some problems in patent infringement compensation cases in our country, such as low compensation for damages and high cost of safeguarding rights, which are not enough to curb malicious infringement and repeated infringement. At present, this system is clearly introduced into the Patent Law in the latest Draft Amendment to the Patent Law, but there are still some key problems. In this paper, the author discusses the necessity and feasibility of introducing the punitive damages system into the infringement part of patent law in China by studying and analyzing the punitive damages system of foreign patent law and its own characteristics. Finally, the author summarizes the problems encountered in the process of constructing this system and puts forward suggestions and suggestions based on these problems.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 121-127 [Abstract] ( 439 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1137KB] ( 488 )

	128	Research on the Power-Right-Responsibility of the Income Distribution of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements
		Zhai Xiaozhou
		The ownership of the scientific and technological achievements is the point of the income distribution of transformation for stimulating the researchers' enthusiasm. The bold and specific action which have been taken to by the government is handicapped by the state-owned property management system, but some fundamental problems still remain. More effective measures have been adopting to allow "more autonomy" to scientific research institutions and researchers. As countries should bear the state responsibility for its illegal acts, reducing or removing the mishandling responsibilities of the scientific research institutions is also important, allowing "more autonomy" is the necessity of the way to respect the objective law.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 128-133 [Abstract] ( 399 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1134KB] ( 262 )

Talent and Education

	134	The Impact of Affective Leadership on Co-worker Relationship Closeness and Employee Innovative Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model
		Xu Shiyong,Zhang Bainan,Liu Yanjun,Xu Fangfang,Wang Jixin
		Based on the affective leadership style proposed by Chinese native scholars and from the perspective of social learning theory and innovation component model, this study examines the impact of affective leadership on employees' innovative behavior, and explores the mediating role of co-worker relationship closeness and the moderating role of job autonomy. Using hierarchical regression analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and bootstrap method based on PROCESS macro for SPSS statistical software, 360 employee-leader paired questionnaires collected from five enterprises at two time points were analyzed and the results support the research hypothesis. The results show that affective leadership has a significant positive effect on employees' innovative behavior and on co-worker relationship closeness, co-worker relationship closeness fully mediates the relationship between affective leadership and innovative behavior. In addition，job autonomy moderates the relationship between affective leadership and co-worker relationship closeness in that the relationship is more positive and stronger when job autonomy is high. Moreover，moderated mediation analysis find that job autonomy moderates the indirect effect of affective leadership on employees' innovative behavior via co-worker relationship closeness.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 134-143 [Abstract] ( 597 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1296KB] ( 839 )

	144	The Effect of Status Conflict on Team Creativity:From the Perspective of Shared Intrinsic Motivation
		Chang Tao,Dong Dandan
		Based on the self-determination theory and motivational contagion theory, a moderated mediation model is constructed to explore the influencing mechanism of status conflict on team creativity from the perspective of shared intrinsic motivation. As the results of relative field test by Mplus 7.4 sampling 428 members of 104 teams show, status conflict has positive effect on team creativity. Furthermore, team psychological empowerment fully mediates the relationship between status conflict and team creativity. Relationship conflict takes a negative moderating role in the influencing process. Specifically, the relationship between status conflict and team creativity is weaker when relationship conflict is high rather than low. However, the moderating role of procedural justice isn't supported. This study develops the relative theories in status conflict as an emerging research field, and also explores its team effectivity under the context of China, which can provide the relevant enlightenment to the team management in modern organizations in China.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 144-153 [Abstract] ( 351 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1281KB] ( 528 )

Review

	154	Literature Review and Research Prospect: Technology Affordance in the Age of Industrial Bid Data
		Liu Yi,Wang Wei
		The technology affordance theory, which developed abroad in the past ten years, provides a systematic analytical framework for manufacturing enterprises using the new information technology effectively in the background of industrial 4.0. This theory has attracted a lot of interest in information system (IS) and organizational behavior. However, the research in this field is just in its infancy in China and lack a comprehensive logic system. Thus, this paper sorts out the technology affordance paper published in English top journal, analyzes the process of introducing in organizational behavior, and focuses on its influence factors, implementation process and results. Based on this, this paper constructs the key resources of the forth industry revolution-industrial big data-driven technology affordance model and points out the future research direction. This research further enriches the technology affordance theory in the context of new industrial revolution and provides a new interpretation mechanism for enterprises to effectively use industrial big data to realize intelligent production. It offers practical advice for deep integration of industry and information technology and also for the realization of “Made in China 2025” plan.
		2019 Vol. 36 (20): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 460 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1215KB] ( 654 )

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