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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
2018 Vol.35 Issue.6
Published 2018-03-25
1
The Makerspaceembedded Multilevel Innovation Biosystem: Conceptual Model and Innovation Mechanism
The rapid development of makerspaces attracts people to research on innovative spaces and innovation ecosystem further. Based on observations and interviews at 14 makerspaces visits in Beijing and Tianjin, the paper constructs a theoretical model of makespaceembedded multilevel innovation biosystem. Findings show that Makerspace forms a secondary ecology, which undertakes the functions of an innovative mainbody and an innovation environment; it connects different levels of innovation ecosphere in 3 directions; it behaves as an interface between the makers and different innovation resources. In a multilevel biosystem, the innovation mechanism includes 3 aspects: selforganising evolvement, open collaboration and crosslevel interaction.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 1-6 [
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Research on User Behavior of Open Innovation Platform from the Perspective of Social Capital
In the recent years,with the continuous development of user innovation,open innovation platforms are increasingly being deployed by firms to garner innovation ideas from users. But the implementation of the current domestic situation is not ideal,there are gaps in the relevant areas of research. This article takes the Metrans as an example,we utilize social capital theory and the social network analysis to explore the current data in the Metrans,to find out the cognitive capital and structural capital of the platform. According to the characteristics of different users in the interactive process,include the numbers of ideas they have submitted,the number of comments on or received by other users,we were able to identify the user types. Based on the results of the study,we divide the users into six categories and put forward some suggestions to the Metrans,like incentive measures and management strategies. At last,we prospect for the future research on user interaction motivation.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 7-13 [
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Construction of Crowdsourcing Behavior Trigger Mechanism Model Based on Literature Coding Analysis
The model of crowdsourcing behavior trigger mechanism is driven by individual inherent need, ability endowment, and external condition is constructed by literature coding analysis for the urgent need of crowdsourcing incentive in the era of mass entrepreneurship and innovation. The individual inherent need, as motivation factor of crowdsourcing, could be transformed to crowdsourcing behavior directly, and the individual ability endowment and external condition could modify the behavior conversion process positively. Three suggestions including arousing individual crowdsourcing need, training individual crowdsourcing ability, and improving crowdsourcing condition are put forward based on the model above, through which popularizing crowdsourcing and providing human resource for mass R&D.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 14-20 [
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The Empirical Study of Synergetic Innovation Quadruple Helix Based on Mutual Information
Based on triple helix theory, the study built a quadruple helix model of synergy innovation which includes government, industry, university and research institutes, and capital department. Then in mutual information perspective, it mined Chinese and American paper publishing data from the Web of ScienceTM database in 2006-2016, and using N Helix Algorithm made an empirical study to measure and comparatively analyzes the synergetic innovation process's tightness and dynamics of four innovation subjects between China and America. The results shows that, First, Chinese twodimensional synergetic innovation is stable developing, with traditional "industryuniversity & research" tend to be stable, other twodimensional synergies are developing and enhancing, but compared with America several twodimensional synergies are weak, and the degree of synergy of some twodimensional synergies is lower than America. Second, the degree of Chinese threedimensional synergetic innovation is beginning to stabilize, but it has lower degree than twodimensional and America's. However, degree of synergy of Chinese "industrycapitalgovernment" is stronger higher than America with large fluctuations. Third, the degree of Chinese fourdimensional synergetic innovation is higher than America, overall, the degree is stable, but it waved lightly in some years.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 21-28 [
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Is the Impetus of Economic Growth the Direct Effect
Based on the direct and spillover effects of R&D which are separated by the modified dynamic Feder model, this thesis discusses respectively the relationships between the total effect, direct effect and spillover effect of the basic R&D and application R&D and economic growth, thus identifying the impetus of economic growth. The model shows that, although the spillover effect of R&D promotes economic growth, the relationship between the direct effect of R&D and economic growth depends on the relative size of R&D sector and product sector relating to marginal revenue of facts; the relationship between R&D and economic growth is not clear in the short term, but in the long term, R&D drives economic growth, whose impetus is the spillover effect of R&D; the application R&D does promote economic growth, while the relation between the basic output and economic growth isn't clear; economic policy will not change the spillover effect of R&D, but can change the direct effect of R&D, thereby affecting economic growth. Empirical analysis shows that the economic growth in China is propelled by the spillover effect of basic R&D and the direct effect of application R&D.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 29-35 [
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A Study on Artificial Intelligence,Technological Progress and the Optimization Countermeasures of Labor Structure
Artificial intelligence as a new wave of technological revolution,it is bound to bring enormous social benefits and economic benefits.With the development and application of artificial intelligence technology,the theoretical circle has launched a lively discussion of the scope of artificial intelligence replaced the labor force.This paper was based on the perspective of technology evolution,divided into six technological revolutions,and studied the impacts of the technological revolution on the labour force and the structure of the labour force,especially the impact of technological change represented by artificial intelligence on the structure of labor force,and constructed the econometric model of the influence of artificial intelligence and technological progress on labor structure.The empirical analysis results show that:the development of artificial intelligence and the progress of technology contribute to improve the relative supply of skilled labor and non-skilled labor,enhance the overall quality of the workforce,and optimize the structure of labor force.Finally,targeting put forward the countermeasures to optimize the structure of labor force in the age of artificial intelligence,providing references for alleviating the problem of labor force transition problems,unemployment problems,education reform and industrial upgrading issues in China.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 36-41 [
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42
Research on the Measurement and Difference of Regional Inclusive Green Growth in China
Inclusive green growth is a kind of sustainable development mode that pursues economic growth, social justice, people's welfare, achievement sharing, energy saving and environmental protection, as well as overall coordination of economy, society and resources and environment. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2001 to 2014, this paper constructs an inclusive green growth index system from the dimensions of economic growth, social justice, livelihood welfare, green production consumption and ecological environment protection, and calculates the inclusive green growth index by using entropy weight method. The result shows that the inclusive green growth level in the eastern region is significantly ahead and there is a ladder distribution (east>northeast>west>central) among regions. Overall, the inclusive green growth level of developed provinces is in the lead, while the provinces with weak economic traditionally are lag behind. A few western underdeveloped provinces stands out abruptly, such as Qinghai and Inner Mongolia. In the meanwhile, a minority of economically strong provinces rank at the bottom, such as Henan and Hebei. The unbalanced development problem among provinces is prominent. In most of the provinces from the central and western, the inclusive green growth takes on increasing trend. Part of the provinces come to the standstill, such as Shanxi and Hebei. What’s more, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai even present the signs of retrogression.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 42-49 [
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Research on the Development Model and Mechanism of the Effective Combination of Regional S&T and Finance
The development of science and technology is the accelerator to promote the development of innovation, the innovation of science and technology could not be separated from the support of finance, and the development of finance needs the promotion of scientific and technological innovation. On the basis of literature analysis, this paper evaluates the development status of the combination of science and technology and finance in Xixian new area, and points out the problems existing in the three aspects of government policy, intermediary services and financial institutions in the combination of science and technology and finance in Xixian new area. To solve these problems, using existing technology and financial integration mode, put forward the Xixian new area combination of technology and finance should choose the government market dual core driven development model, and then participate in the main growth and the life cycle of the combination of technology and finance system based on the proposed. The research conclusion has practical significance for promoting the effective combination of science and technology and finance in Xixian new area.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 50-57 [
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58
Factor Intensity，Labor Compensation and the Upstream of China's Manufacturing Value Chain
The use of 41 economies, 35 industries, 1995 to 2011 WIOD database, the Chinese manufacturing industry in the global value chain position was measured, and the factorintensive and labor compensation were refined into three variables, This paper analyzes the influencing factors of the upstream value chain of China's manufacturing industry by combining the index chain of the value chain of China's manufacturing industry input and output, and concludes that the three processes of the middle level of labor compensation, the upstream of China's manufacturing value chain and the technology Labor remuneration is positively related and very significant at 1% level, raising the remuneration of skilled workers is conducive to the upstream of China's manufacturing value chain.The influence of cap2 (the ratio of capital stock to total wage) on the upstream value of China's manufacturing value chain is very significant at 1% level, indicating that the greater the total amount of capital stock relative to the total wage, the more favorable to China's manufacturing industry Upstream of the value chain.Based on the input value chain correlation index and output value chain correlation index, it has obvious positive effect on the upstream of China's manufacturing value chain and is very significant at 1% level.Finally, the author puts forward some policy suggestions on how to increase the number of middle skilled laborers, formulate the policies of manufacturing industry and develop the productive service industry through the "twotrack system" education.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 58-64 [
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Research on the Operating Mode of the New Industry Innovation Platform Based on Intelligent Production and Service Network
Under the condition of intelligent production and service network, the contradiction of less technical content, poor innovation initiative, weak ability to continuously upgrade and low conversion efficiency become increasingly prominent in the traditional industry innovation platform. Aiming at this problem, this paper mainly studied the operating mode of the new industry innovation platform based on intelligent production and service network. Firstly, it studied the organization structure of the new industry innovation platform from the perspective of scientific and technological support, intelligent production and service organization, perception and information transmission, infrastructure and platform regulation. It studied the function structure from the perspective of personalized customization, modular integration and whole value chain supply. Then it studied the safeguard mechanism from the perspective of collaborative innovation, guide, risk and industrial ecological evolution. Finally, it studied the operating path from the perspective of marketization. By studying the operating mode of the new industry innovation platform based on intelligent production and service network, it can provide a basis to promote the highend of the traditional industry, industry progress and economic development.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 65-69 [
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A Case Study on the Relationship between Enterprises' Informal Appropriability ,Openness and Innovation Performance
Focusing on the contradiction between "the explosive growth of external knowledge and the serious lack of enterprises' collaborative innovation profit" , this project studies two major problems basing on "profiting from innovation" as the research viewpoint and "the local manufacturing enterprises" as research object, as below: Exploring the dimensions and types of the informal appropriation mechanism in the Chinese context; Case studying how openness and informal appropriability jointly influence local manufacturing firms' innovation performance，to reveal the priority of the internal factors of the innovation profit process and verify that informal appropriability and openness jointly influence enterprises' open innovation performance.This project aims to develop the theory of profiting from innovation in the context of developing countries, to enrich the innovation system and open innovation theory as well.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 70-76 [
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The Difference of Technological Innovation Effect between the Enterprises of Different Ownerships
Is There Any Difference of Technological Innovation Effects between the Enterprises of Different Ownerships? The empirical study based on the 2016 CEES data finds that R&D inputs can significantly improve the performance of enterprises. However, the R&D inputs of non state-owned enterprises had significantly positive influence on the performance of non stateowned enterprises whereas that of stateowned enterprises was not significant. The two possible reasons for the differences referred above are the differences in management efficiency and government support. The suggestions are as follows: firstly, to encourage enterprises to invest in technological innovation and guide enterprises to build a new technological innovation system based on the combination of industryuniversityresearch. Secondly, to improve the mechanism for granting subsidies and create a more transparent subsidies evaluation mechanism. The third, to focus on management efficiency in innovation.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 77-83 [
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Can Social Capital Improve Enterprise in Access to Venture Capital
Based on the data of Chinese Growth Enterprise Market listed companies from October 2010 to December 2015,this article verifies the effect of social capitals on financing capacity. At first, it divides social capitals into political connection capitals and industrial connection capitals, and then political connection capitals are classified as “government officials” connection capitals and “members of People’s congress or Chinese people’s Political Consultative Conference” connection capitals and verify the effect of social capitals on financing capacity again. The results show that whether enterprises with political connection capitals or industrial connection capitals are more likely to get venture capital. It make clear that social capital can reflect high quality signals of the enterprise to send out investors, thus helping them access to venture capital to ease the financing constraints; enterprises with “government officials” connection capitals are more likely to get venture capital; enterprises with “members of People’s congress or Chinese people’s Political Consultative Conference” connection capitals have no significant effects on getting venture capital.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 84-92 [
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The Evolution of Technology Innovation Mode Based on Resource View of the Internet
In the context of the prominent nature of Internet resources, how to choose the mode of technological innovation has become an important issue. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of Internet resources , the evolution of the Internet resources were analyzed to construct a cycle of enterprise technology innovation and the evolution model, and combined with HUAWEI's 26 year history of the development of technological innovation. Finally, this paper gives the inspiration of the development of Internet resources and the practice of enterprise technology innovation mode.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 93-98 [
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Research on the Relationship between Informal Sector Competition and the Innovation Behavior of Firms
Even though the rapid development of informal sector promotes economic growth through bringing many job opportunities and meeting diverse consumer demand, it indeed gives a significant impact on operation of Chinese manufacturing.Based on the data of World Bank Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, this paper analyzes the effect of the competition from informal sectors on the innovation activities of manufacturing enterprises. The results indicate that the competition from informal sectors plays a significantly positive role in increasing the tendency and intensity of R&D investment; meanwhile, there shows a significantly positive relationship between the competition from informal sectors and the product innovation activities, but has no significant relationship with process innovation activities. On the contrary,innovation activities of hightech enterprises may not affected by informal sectors. The above conclusions remain valid after controlling for endogeneity with instrument variables.To deal with the competition from informal sectors, manufacturing enterprises increase the investment in R&D to promote the updating the products by imitation innovation and micro innovation, so that they can be distinguished from the informal sectors in the product market.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 99-105 [
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Audit Quality, Organizational Learning and Innovation Performance
The high quality of audit information, which is conducive to R&D team to adjust the production plans, market strategies and R&D tactics of innovative products, which can effectively stimulate the willing of organizational learning and can determine the learning objectives to organizations, but also get more heterogeneous knowledge, promoting performance of enterprise innovation. This paper constructs a conceptual model, which studies knowledge accumulation and dissemination of internal and external audit directly influences performance of enterprise innovation, and also indirectly influence performance of enterprise innovation by increasing organizational learning. This paper verifies quality of the internal and external audit which directly and indirectly influences performance of enterprise innovation, and verifies the quality of internal audit and external audit quality has complementary effect to enhance innovation performance by using bootstrap method and OLS stepwise regress. The research conclusion provides new evidence for the promotion of hightech enterprise innovation and development and improving the quality of internal and external audit.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 106-112 [
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Research on the Transmission Path of Technology Innovation Policies Based on Incidence Digital Matrix
The technology innovation policy transmission system is a dynamic complexity system.Based on the incidence digital matrix, the research on the path of the policy transmission system is carried out.Through the policy input variable - the policy process variablethe policy output variable.Innovation policy transmission model, combined with system dynamics, policy science and feedback complexity analysis method to construct scientific and technological innovation policy transmission system causality diagram, and according to the division of policy tools analysis of talent, taxation, research and development, government procurement, service outsourcing five policy The path of action.The results of the research are as follows: (1) There are 87 positive feedback loops and no negative feedback loops in the science and technology innovation policy transmission system, among which the dominant feedback loop is 45.(2) Finally, 14 independent policy-oriented conduction paths are obtained by the incidence digital matrix A ［36］ ［36］ and the number, length and polarity of each path are defined.Among them, there are delay effects in all eight paths.(3) talent incentive in the policy control to promote innovation and development occupies an important position, service outsourcing policy followed, two kinds of policy tools on the effect of policy control has a direct and significant role.R & D subsidy policy on the control of the most lack of vitality.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 113-121 [
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The Research on the Unified Use of Intellectual Property between the Original Manufacturers and the Third Party Manufacturers
The study on the research on the unified use of intellectual property between the original manufacturers and third party manufacturers, promoting remanufacturing industry rapid orderly. The paper make research on the use system of intellectual property in remanufacturing industry: from the perspective of economy and law, the ownership of intellectual property in wasted products is analyzed, and the game models are respectively constructed to discuss how to promote the manufactures licenses the intellectual property to the remanufacturers and how to promote remanufacturers to pay for the use of the intellectual property, thus constructing shared path of intellectual property by remanufacturer and original manufacturer. The paper puts forward the under unified use of intellectual property between the original manufacturers and third party manufacturers, establishes the principle of dynamic protection of intellectual property rights, as both sides can provide the theory and method to guide positive synergies, lay theoretic foundation for orderly and rapidly development of remanufacturing industry.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 122-130 [
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Research on Technology Convergence Trend based on Evaluation of the Knowledge Flow Network
The process of technological convergence is the process of creating new inventions among different industrial fields, in microlevel, it is embodied in knowledge flow among industrial fields.Previous analyses of technology trend were mainly carried out within one field of technology, which is not suitable for analyzing the development trend of integration technology across multiple fields of technology.This thesis built an analytical framework of technology integration based on the dynamic and static evaluation of knowledge flow network, carried out empirical study on the field of unmanned aerial vehicle.The result shows that, selecting Tech1 as an example, the trend of the type of technology fusion is mainly based on complementary fusion, and the trend of the main knowledge flows is to absorb the knowledge and so on.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 131-139 [
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Innovative Study on Evaluation Index System for Agricultural Science and Technology Park: from Functional Perspective
A new evaluation index system was constructed to evaluate Agricultural Science and Technology Parks (ASTP), and these indexes were classified into 3 functional groups of innovation guidance, entrepreneurship and business incubation, and demonstration and diffusion. The new evaluation index system aimed to solve problems existed in current evaluation index systems, such as strong subjectivity, over simplicity or complexity, differentiation between ASTP' functions and indexes, lack of integrity and systematicness, unclear orientation to find problems. According to results of the empirical test, the national ASTP was comprehensively better than provincial ASTP, and the brand impact of ASTP was not reduced significantly. In the meantime, ASTP obtained little support from Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievement (TSTA), high percentage of TSTA was likely to be a digital trap, and farmers were possibly not get profits via TSTA. Besides, ASTP had improved local agricultural GDP, and basic conditions of ASTP for innovation and entrepreneurship in povertyhit areas had also been improved, but enterprises from povertyhit areas could not develop by themselves obviously. It was proposed to simplify current evaluation indexes of ASTP, to promote socialization of ASTP's management determined by ASTP itself, and to reduce government's interference with TSTA. It might be an opportunity for enterprises to restart new business in povertyhit areas.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 140-148 [
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Team Innovation Climate,Team Intrinsic Motivation and Team Scientific Creativity
Team scientific creativity is the latest issue in the field of team innovation and its formation mechanism needs to be studied.Based on the data of 80 teams,the analysis results show that the team innovation climate has significant positive influence on team scientific creativity,team intrinsic motivation partially mediates the effect of team innovation climate on team scientific creativity,collaborative shared mental model has a moderating effect on the relationship between team intrinsic motivation and team scientific creativity,but the moderating effect of assignment shared mental model is not significant.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 149-155 [
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Knowledge Workers' Role Integration and Innovation in the Context of Using Mobile Technology
The mobile technology have the effect of diminishing time,space,physical and psychological boundaries,rendering knowledge workers' roles increasingly integrated,decontextualized,overlapping and combined.This endowed the new work reality-knowledge workers' role integration with new connotation that roles are in weak boundaries and showing low contrast,flexible and permeable boundary feature in mobile working mode.On the basis of the systematic review of relevant literature,this paper analyzes the connotation,working mode,and explores the factors and outcomes of knowledge workers' role integration.It also analyzes how to use time,space,physical and psychological tactics to accommodate role integration.This paper provide a framework and direction for future research.
2018 Vol. 35 (6): 156-160 [
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