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| The Configuration and Path of Factors Affecting the Development of Science-based Industries：A QCA Analysis Based on the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in 31 Provinces of Mainland China |
| Lu Ruoyu,Zhang Likai,Chen Xuelin,Zhou Dongmei |
| (School of Economics and Management, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731,China) |
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Abstract From the perspective of the knowledge source of industrial formation and development, the industries in economy can be divided into the science-based and the technology-based industries, the former depending more on scientific discoveries and new progress to innovate and develop, while the latter relying more on technological upgrading and substitution. Fields like artificial intelligence, biomedicine, quantum, new materials, complex electronic systems, etc. are new fields full of vitality and energy. They are in the stage of rapid growth and the development of relevant industries still needs continuous breakthroughs in theory and technology, especially in basic theory. science-based industries are the focus of global technologies and industrial competitions in the future, as well as the new engine and important force of national economic development. The development trend of such industries deeply determines the basic pattern of future global industries. #br#There are still gaps between some of China's scientific industries and the top developed countries, for example, the chip and biochemical fields are striving to overcome the bottleneck. The development of science-based industries, reinforcement of scientific research, breakthroughs in theories and technological innovations are the important points for China to make up for the weak links of industries and to cultivate future industries. They are also the key to the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, as well as the top priority for China to achieve the corner overtaking. However, current research focus more on the concepts and features of the science-based industries and the corresponding relationship between the science-based innovations and industries, while only few researches the development paths of the science-based industries. This paper probes into this relative blank field. #br#Directly promoted by scientific researches, the development of the pharmaceutical industry mainly relies on the new scientific discoveries and it is a science-based industry. This paper takes the pharmaceutical industry as a typical example of the science-based industries and the pharmaceutical industries in 31 provinces and cities of China as the research samples. Applying the method of fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to explore the amplifying effect of economic, scientific, technological and policy conditions on the development performance of scientific industries and its path choice,the study has the following findings. (1) Single condition does not constitute a sine qua non of the high performance of the pharmaceutical industry, but multiple preconditions synchronize and form the diversified configurations that actuate the high performance of the pharmaceutical industry. (2)There are three paths to actuate the high-level performance of the pharmaceutical industry, namely, the dual-dominated driving type by science and technology, the science and policy driven type under the economic-dominant logic, and the technology and policy driven type under the economic-dominant logic. (3) There are two paths leading to not-high performance of the pharmaceutical industry, and the core conditions of these two configurations are the same, and they refer to are non-economic level and non-scientific research. #br#The conclusion of this paper is conductive to deepening the rational understanding of the complex interaction nature among the multiple factors behind the development of the science industries in China, and bringing beneficial practical enlightenment for the growth of the scientific-based industries. Firstly, it's necessary to actively integrate resources and bring into play the synergy of economic, scientific, technological and policy elements. Secondly, it is reasonably and implement strategies precisely for key elements, i.e.regions should focus on key factors that can effectively promote the development of the science-based industries. And thirdly, it's vital to follow local conditions and circumstances when selecting development paths for the scientific industries. #br#This paper shifts the research angle on the theme of the development of the science-based industries from the habitual single perspective to a holistic perspective of a combination of multiple conditions. Specifically, from the perspective of conditional configuration, this paper analyzes the concurrent and synergistic effects of economy, science, technology and policy in promoting the performance of the pharmaceutical industry, explains the causal complexity behind the development of the pharmaceutical industry, and provides theoretical reference for a more granular understanding of the growth phenomenon of the industries based on science. However, the pharmaceutical industry is only one of the numerous science-based industries. In the future, more scientific industries can be studied to form a deeper analysis of the development path of science-based industries. What's more, although this paper has incorporated important factors such as economy, science, technology and policy into the framework, it has not covered all possible influencing factors. Future researchers can choose a new analytical perspective or include more influencing factors to supplement and enrich the research conclusions of this paper and deepen the understanding of the path of the development of the science-based industries.#br#
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Received: 20 October 2021
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