Industry-university-research collaborative innovation is an important way to accelerate the breakthrough of the bottleneck problem of key and core technologies, but few studies have revealed the industry-university-research institution collaborative mechanism for key and core technologies innovation.Following the complex system management theory, this study constructs the industry-university-research institution collaborative mechanism framework of key and core technology innovation to explore the innovation laws hidden in the nonlinear interaction and cooperation of industries, universities and research institutions, and takes the patent cooperation network of chip lithography technology as an example to analyze the framework with the help of social network and other analysis methods.#br#The knowledge integration mechanism of "technology with pure rationality and practical rationality " speeds up knowledge transfer and stimulates creativity through the "potential difference" and "heterogeneity" of knowledge among collaborative subjects,and it is an effective way for the breakthrough of key and core technology innovation. Specifically, in the innovation process of key and core technologies, it is necessary to dissect, absorb and reconstruct the technical knowledge, pure rational knowledge and practical rational knowledge from the collaborative subjects of industries, universities and research institutions. The potential difference between different collaborative subjects accelerates the dissemination, sharing and complementary overflow of knowledge and resources. The heterogeneity between knowledge stimulates the creativity of collaborative subjects, so as to reduce the innovation cost and risk and promote the birth of key and core new technologies.#br#The power distribution rule of "leader-bridge-helper" can effectively explain the value-added process of embedded social relations in the interaction process of collaborative subjects and promote the innovation of key and core technologies. In the industry-university-research institution collaborative innovation system of key and core technology, all subjects interact tacitly and consciously according to the power distribution rules of "leader-bridge-helper", and automatically form an orderly structure under the leading role of the leader organization, the conduction intermediary role of the bridge organization, and the following and auxiliary role of the auxiliary organization. By constantly coordinating the relationship between the interactive subjects, the decentralized action goals between the subjects are integrated into the common goal of the collaborative network, so as to improve the interaction efficiency, avoid transaction costs and other costs, and finally promote the system to produce the effect of "the whole is greater than the sum of parts", and achieve the innovation and value increase of key and core technologies.#br#The network structure of "modularization-loose coupling" can eliminate the interaction obstacles between subjects and maximize the structural dividends. It is the key and core technology innovation breakthrough law of industry-university-research institution collaborative complex network at the system structure level. Specifically, the sub-modules with heterogeneous functions in the key and core technology industry-university-research institution collaborative complex system interact with other modules on a relatively independent basis, so that the whole collaborative system has stability and maintains a certain flexibility. The sub-modules are connected with each other according to the principle of "loose coupling", so as to minimize information redundancy, reduce conflicts and opportunistic risks, improve system flexibility, scalability and the reusability of elements, save management costs and finally promote the innovation and breakthrough of key and core technologies.#br#This study provides some of enlightenment for the key and core technology industry-university-research institution collaborative policy-making and enterprise innovation management. The three parties in the industry-university-research collaboration mechanism framework should evaluate their own resources and find partners purposefully, clarify their network positions and improve collaboration ability accordingly. Moreover, at the national level, the government should appropriately guide and set up technological specialization module development programs according to China's current development stage and basic national conditions, and effectively employ administrative means to establish connections with domestic and foreign resources; at the enterprise level, relevant enterprises should set their own technology sub-module strategies according to their own advantages and disadvantages. It is also vitalfor the government and enterprises to improve relevant systems to ensure the collaboration progress, such as further improving the institutional innovation and incentive policy system design and creating an open, integrated and resilient corporate culture.#br#

Nowadays, science and technology innovation plays a critical role in economic modernization development and national defense construction of China. It becomes an urgent requirement to build an efficient strategic innovation system guided by national laboratories in order to promote Chinese science and technology development strategy. Accordingly, the development of Chinese national laboratories is entering an important period of strategic opportunities with rocketing attention and investment from government, enterprises and the public. However, the construction and operation of Chinese national laboratories is also facing complex challenges due to the lack of management experience and relative shortage of research and development (R&D) resource.Thus it is an essential procedure to promote the efficiency of R&D resource by accelerating the improvement of assessment mechanism orienting to the strategic management requirements. #br#On the basis ofthe comprehensive overview of relative researches, this article presents four main work to discuss the operation mechanism design and promote assessment of Chinese national laboratories. Firstly, the characteristics of strategic management of national laboratories are summarized through comparing with enterprises and public administrative sectors. It is suggested that both public welfare and economic performance should be given consideration into formulating the strategic goals, of which the direction should be consistent with the national science and technology innovation strategy; it should be taken into consideration of both objective R&D laws and actual operational situation of national laboratoriesin the strategy development phase; both user demands and speciality of scientific institutions should be taken into account in developing the control and feedback criteria. Secondly, 5 functions of national laboratory assessment in the life-cycle procedure of strategic management are discussed, including examining the development strategic direction of national laboratories in the requirement demonstration phase, screening feasible proposals in the project approval phase, adjusting the budgets in the resource allocation phase,rating the comprehensive performance in key operation milestones and identifying problems, analyzing causes and developing solutions in the whole life-cycle procedure. Thirdly, the assessment practices of the Chinese key state laboratories, national laboratories funded by the Department of Energy and Max Planck Society are analyzed through a comparative case study. Moreover, the shortcomings of current assessment operational mechanism are unveiled based on the analysis results. #br#According to the results of the comparative case study, it is discovered that the assessment practice of Chinese national R&D institutions still remains in the primary development stage“orienting to inspection and acceptance”. The assessment operation mechanism has not been integrated into the life-cycle strategic management, which weakens the decision support performance of assessment conclusions. Meanwhile, the shortcomings also involve the data collection of R&D information, selection of consulting experts, developing assessment index sets and organizational processes of assessment activities. There are significant gaps between current capabilities and requirements of scientific and practical national laboratories assessment. On the basis ofthese mentioned findings, it is suggested that R&D decision-makers should improve the assessment operational mechanism from 4 aspects: improving the work programme, regulations & guidance and knowledge accumulation & reuse of national laboratory assessment which follow all activities in each phase of life-cycle strategic management; moving forward the focused priorities and allocated resources of national laboratory assessment appropriately; promoting the development and application of relative software systems for supporting national laboratory assessment;and constructing the effective and efficient management mechanism of consulting experts.#br#The national laboratory assessment involves a complex systemcontaining large-scale different elements and dynamic interacts, therefore there are great difficulties in the analysis, design and implementation. This research provides a preliminary but novelty attempt of framework discussion for operational mechanism of national laboratory assessment orienting to strategic management. With the cooperation of theory & approach researchers, assessment organizers & operators, information system developer and consulting experts, the assessment capability and practice can be promoted to higher stages, such as accompanying assessment and diagnostic assessment.#br#

As the main characteristic of market environment in countries along the Belt and Road routes, high market uncertainty has posed a significant challenge for internationalization process of China’s advanced standards. To break through the environmental restriction and realize a win-win outcome, Chinese enterprises should establish technology standard alliance network (TSAN) with strong cooperation willingness,in order to resist the threats of internal and external risks and promote the co-creation of standard values. This paper focuses on enriching the theory about the cooperation willingness, formation mechanism, and governance model of TSAN, for these topics have been ignored in prevailing studies.#br#This paper analyzes 1 227 technology standard alliance projects along the Belt and Road routes. This attribution forms diversified alliance networks. To be specific, a network can be formed based on cooperative relationships among the alliance entities. The TSAN for the "Belt and Road Initiative"is a cooperative network to develop technological standards based on innovation, in which Chinese enterprises and enterprises along the Belt and Road routes effectively allocate resources based on their respective advantages and principles, such as“risks sharing, benefits sharing, complementary advantagesand common development”.#br#The cooperation willingness is the key factor to determine the stability of TSAN. Cooperation willingness can strenthen the alliance cooperation, reduce the cooperation costs, avoid risks, enhance mutual learning, deepen exchanges, and promote cooperation and innovation. To measure cooperation willingness in TSAN, an indicator system based on existing research is developed. This system consists of three dimensions including network scale, network structure and leadership position.#br#This paper collects news from the official website of Belt and Road and utilizes the text mining method to analyze the collected data. These data can identify the size and structure of the alliance network and set the scene properly. Meanwhile, this paper applies the leadership-follower network consistency model to analysis the impact of cooperation willingness on TSNA.#br#The result reveals five alliance models, among which the central decentralized network and group-oriented alliance network have strong cooperation willingness; the principal-agent network has weak cooperation willingness; the coexistence and coexistence network has limitations, i.e., the shorter the industrial chain, the stronger the cooperation willingness. Moreover, the interconnection of the alliance network is the ideal state of alliance development as network cooperation is more balanced. No matter which enterprise leads the alliance, the cooperation willingness remains the same. It can be found that the single-center governance model in which Chinese enterprises act as the single leader can enhance the cooperation willingness in alliance network. #br#In the nutshell, the stable network characteristics are the essential factors to promote the cooperation willingness in alliance network. Network scale, network structure and the leadership position are essential in alliance model, in which network scale is the basic of other indicators. Only if the scale of the alliance network is reasonable can the participants establish diversified cooperative relationships to enrich network structure, promote absorption of the entire network in the process of technology innovation and standard R&D, and develop the innovation performance. Meanwhile, leadership position plays the role of accelerator and stabilizer to increase the cooperation willingness.On the basis of the reasonable scale and structure of the alliance network, different roles and responsibilities of leading enterprises should be considered for choosing appropriate leading positions in various situations.#br#This paper enriches development and governance theory of the technology standard alliance network. Firstly, this paper reveals the formation and development mechanism of TSNA. Secondly,itillustrates the governance of TSNA based on the "Belt and Road Initiative" from the perspective of social network. Finally, this paper is practically significant for decision-making on the development of TSNA based on the "Belt and Road Initiative". In conclusion, it is important to utilize diversified alliance models to enhance the cooperation willingness of TSNA for the enterprises in the Belt and Road regions. Chinese enterprises should identify the regional resource endowment along the Belt and Road routs and select a reasonable model to construct TSNA.#br#

In the high-quality development stage of China's economy,green innovation is the fundamental driving force for green growth and green welfare which are the ultimate goals of green innovation. Strategies ofgreen sustainable development and innovative development are inevitable choices for China's high-quality economic development. It is also a must to realize the domestic cycle to promote the free flow of innovation elements in the construction of a unified national market. In addition, a good sharing and circulation environment of data element can not only promote the effective flow of data elements anddeeply tap the potential of data elements and fully release the dividends of data elements, but also guide the orderly flow and precise matching of innovative elements such as talents and capital. Then does innovation elements mobility promote urban green innovation development? What exactly is the role of the flow environment of data elements in the development of urban green innovation? An in-depth exploration of the above two issues provides an empirical reference for the formulation of policies related to the synergistic development of "innovation" and "green" in cities in the digital economyto fully explore the potential value of data elements and enable the development of urban green innovation.#br#This study uses the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019,and employs the gravity model to measure the flow of innovation elements and the environment index of data-flow. Then it measures the development efficiency of urban green innovation by the SBM-undesirable model, and uses the spatial Durbin model to empirically analyze the spatial impact of the flow of innovation elements on the development of urban green innovation, and explore the mitigation effect of innovation element mismatch in the flow environment of data elements, as well as its spatial adjustment effect on the development of urban green innovation.#br#The research finds that firstly, the flow of innovation elements only promotes the development of local green innovation by improving the efficiency of green technology, but also inhibits the development of green innovation in neighboring areas. Secondly, the flow environment of data elements can ensure the free flow of talents and capital innovation elements in an orderly manner, and improve the matching efficiency of urban talents and capital innovation elements, and there is an effect of mitigating the mismatch of innovation elements. Thirdly, under the spatial adjustment effect of the flow of data elements, from the perspective of local effects, the flow of talent innovation elements promotes the development of urban green innovation by affecting the efficiency of green technology and the progress of green technology, showing the characteristics of "dual-track drive"; while the element flow of capital innovation only improves green technological efficiency and the level of urban green innovation and development, showing the characteristics of "single-track drive". From the spatial spillover effect, the flow environment of data element can reasonably regulate the spatial flow of talent and capital innovation, generate mismatch mitigation effect ofinnovation elements and a positive spatial spillover effect on green innovation development in neighboring regions through improving green technology efficiency and enhance green technology progress. Thus, under the spatial regulation of flow environment of data elements, the driving characteristic of innovation elements flow to urban green innovation development is changed from being "single-track driven" to "double-track driven", and innovation elements flow has a strong positive spatial spillover effect on urban green innovation development.#br#The conclusions of this paper enrich the research on the relationship between the flow of innovation elements, the flow environment of data elements and the development of green innovation. Different from the previous literature, this study innovatively uses the gravity model to measure the flow environment indicators of urban data elements, and selects the number of employees in the ICT industry as the core variable. It takes the urban market environment, communication environment, and Internet environment as attractive variables, and uses the spatial Durbin model to test the spatial correlation and technology transmissions path related to the flow of innovation elements, the flow environment of data elements, and the development of green innovation. The research conclusions provide policy support for guiding the free flow of innovation elements in an orderly manner, fully releasing the dividends of data elements, and realizing the development of urban green innovation.#br#

With the deepening of opening to the world, China'sembeddedness in the global value chains has been continuously improved. At present, China is one of the country deeply embedded in the global value chain. It is undeniable that China has fully enjoyed the dividends brought by integrating into the global economy, and has witnessed rapid economic growth. However at the beginning of reform and opening up, due to the constraints of relative surplus of labor factors, relatively insufficient supply of capital factors, China could only integrate into the global value chain in the way of"low-end embedding",andthere is a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of resource endowment and technical capabilities. The transfer of low value-added production to China has led to a series of environmental pollution problems. Under the background that all countries in the world regard green technology innovation as an important means to achieve economic growth and ecological environment synergy, this paper discusses whether China's embedding in the global value chain has impacted on green technology innovation, and how China's green technology innovation has been affected by different regions and different periods of time, which is of great significance for China to continue to embed in the global value chains both at present and in the future, and meanwhile carry out green technology innovation to achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and environmental protection.#br#On the basis ofthe theoretical analysis of the characteristics, mechanisms, heterogeneity, lag and dynamic effects of global value chain embeddedness affecting green technology innovation, this paper uses the panel data of 25 provinces from 2008 to 2018 to measure their GVC embeddedness, and studies the impact of global value chain embeddedness on green technology innovation. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) From the national level, green technology innovation is a dynamic evolution and a step-by-step process. Embedding the global value chain has a significant role in promoting green technology innovation, but there is a gradual weakening lag effect. (2) From the perspective of time, there are obvious time differences in the impact of embedding in the global value chain on green technology innovation. With the improvement of China's independent innovation level and the strengthening of environmental regulations, as well as the trend of anti-globalization in developed countries, the influence of global value chains embeddedness on green technology innovation is gradually weakening recently. (3) From a regional perspective, there are obvious regional differences in the impact of embedding global value chains on green technology innovation. The impact of embedding global value chains in central and western regions on green technology innovation is more important than that in eastern regions. According to the impact of GVC embeddedness on green technology innovation, it is necessary for China to further optimize policies to increase GVC embeddedness, amplify the spillover effects of embeddedness in GVCs, and reduce technological imbalances among different regions.#br#There are some marginal contributions of this research. First, it expands the pure knowledge spillovers result from embeddeding in the general network to the international knowledge and technology spillovers result from embeddeding in the global value chain focusing on the international division of labor within products, and analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of global value chain embedding affecting green technology innovation. This theoretical innovation has laid a solid foundation for in-depth analysis of the impact of GVC embedding on green technology innovation; the second is to incorporate various factors affecting green technology innovation into the analytical framework of GVC embedding affecting green technology innovation, it also analyzes GVC embedding on green technology innovation and the impact of other factors on green technology innovation. The innovation in this analytical framework makes the conclusion that GVC embedding affects green technology innovation more scientific; thirdly, the overall situation of the impact of China's global value chain embeddedness on green technology innovation is analyzed by time and space heterogeneity, which confirms the reality that China's global value chain embeddedness affects green technology innovation,so that the analysis is more comprehensive.#br#

With the continuous upgrading and popularization of the new generation of information technologies, such as cloud computing, mobile Internet, Internet of things and artificial intelligence, the world has stepped into the era of digital economy. As a strategic emerging industry, the big data industry has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life.The national big data strategy proposed at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has promoted China's transformation from a "data big country" to a "data powerhouse".The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan issued by the state emphasizes accelerating the promotion of digital industrialization, promoting the digital transformation of industries, and creating a good digital ecology.The potential of big data is immeasurable, and those countries that are the first to establish a complete big data industry ecosystemhave a head start in the international industry competition. Therefore, the construction of a complete big data industry ecosystem is of great significance for building a data power and improving national competitiveness. The research on the evolution path of the big data industrial ecosystem can timely and accurately judge the state of the system, clarify the development direction of the big data industrial ecosystem, and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the big data industry ecosystem.#br#In the evolution process of big data industrial ecosystem, on the one hand, subject populations with different characteristics develop symbiosis under the influence of the change of inter-subject relationship, and the population growth law conforms to the Logistic growth function model in biology. The Logistic model is widely used in the study of inter-subject relationship change, population evolution law and other issues, and has extensive practicality in the study of industrial evolution and development. At present, the academic community mainly uses the Logistic model to study the inter-subject relationship of different categories of populations, such as populations with different corporate functional characteristics and populations with different data themes, and provides the evolutionary path of populations with different characteristics. On the other hand, as an important production factor, data resources are the core resources for the development of the big data industrial ecosystem, and the influence of resource flow on system evolution should be considered. But the Logistic model cannot reflect the influence of resources, while the entropy model can help to study the influence of resource change on system development and evolution and optimize system resource allocation, and it is often used to study the system evolution caused by the change of system entropy flow. Therefore, this paper divides the main body of the big data industry ecosystem in detail according to different data sources. On this basis, the Logistic model and the entropy model are combined to construct the Logistic-entropy model which is used to comprehensively analyze the competition and cooperation relationship of inter-subject, the flow state of system resources and the evolution state of different populations, and the system evolution should aim at the increase of negentropy.#br#Through the Logistic—entropy model analysis, different enterprise populations and system integration evolution paths of big data industrial ecosystem are obtained.The data production enterprise population follows the evolution path of business data agglomeration—multiple channel data expansion—intelligent data application; the data serviceevolution path of enterprise population is data cloud aggregation—high quality data fusion—data assets; the evolution path of the transformation enterprise population is business information networking—process reengineering digitalization—service application intelligentizing; the evolution path of the big data industry ecosystem is the establishment of big data cloud storage processing center-data fusion expansion— digital intelligent application. Finally, according to the results of the model analysis, different transformation directions and industrial policies are proposed for different enterprise populations in the big data industrial ecosystem, so as to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the big data industrial ecosystem. At the same time, the studyprovides important theoretical support for the implementation of big data development strategy at the national, industry and enterprise levels.#br#

The upgrading of industrial structure is the internal driving force and the important premise to promote the high-quality development of China's economy, and the digital economy is the catalyst for the upgrading of industrial structure and the high-quality development of China's economy. At present, China is in a critical period of industrial structural transformation and upgrading and the transformation of economic structure, and the digital economy has become an important driver in promoting high-quality economic development. In this context, clarifying the relationship between digital economy and industrial structure upgrading will help promote the upgrading of China's industrial structure and effectively achieve high-quality economic development.#br#However from the perspective of research objects, scholars either only focus on the analysis of the impact of digital industrialization on industrial structure upgrading, or only focus on the impact of industrial digitalization, ignoring the joint impact of digital economy (including digital industrialization and industrial digitalization); from the perspective of research methods, there is a linear and nonlinear relation between digital industrialization, industrial digitalization, digital economy and industrial structure upgrading, but scholars are only limited to linear research, and lack of nonlinear relation research between them. Then what is the mechanism of digital industrialization, industrial digitization and digital economy to promote industrial structure upgrading? Which effect is bigger,digital industrialization or industry digitization?#br#This paper analyzes the mechanism of digital industrialization, industrial digitization and digital economy promoting industrial structure upgrading. (1) Digital industrialization promotes the upgrading of industrial structure. From the time dimension, digital industrialization improves the efficiency of each stage of the industrial chain (design, production and commercialization) through matching and intelligent effect, and promotes the advanced industrial structure. From the spatial dimension, digital industrialization promotes new industries through the derivative effect, and realizes the rationalization of industrial structure. (2) Industrial digitalization promotes the upgrading of industrial structure. From the time dimension, industrial digitalization improves the efficiency of each stage of the industrial chain through the effect of penetration and integration, and promotes the upgrading of industrial structure. From the spatial dimension, industrial digitization optimizes resource allocation and promotes the rationalization of industrial structure through driving and correlation effects. (3)The digital economy promotes the upgrading of industrial structure and industrial structure upgrading through superposition and multiplication effect. This paper builds a threshold effect model, and collects relevant data on digital economy and industrial structure upgrading in 30 provinces and municipalities from 2011 to 2020.By accurate measurement of the effect of digital industrialization, industrial digitization and digital economy, it analyzes the relation between digital industrialization and industrialization in various regions, and makes a visual analysis of the synergy of the industrial digitalization level.#br#It is concluded that digital industrialization has an inverted u-shaped increasing effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; industrial digitization has a positive and increasing effect on it; digital industrialization has a greater promoting effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; digital economy has a positive and increasing effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; there are four types of the synergy level of digital industrialization and industrial digitization:the double high type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization,the double low type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization,the enhanced type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization and the enhanced type of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization.#br#Given the above conclusions, it is firstly suggested to increase investment in research and development to promote innovation in digital technology, accelerate the transformation of digital technology achievements from research and development to finished products and cultivate a new generation of digital industrial clusters. Secondly it is necessary to strengthen industrial digitalization to empower innovation and fully release digital dividends. Thirdly it is important to focus on common digital technology research and build digital industry clusters. Fourthly it is vital to coordinate the development layout of the regional digital economy, and continue to promote the coordinated development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Lastly governments should implement policies in different regions and develop according to local conditions. For example, the double-high eastern region needs to continue to maintain a high level of digital economy; the double-low central and western regions need to further improve the level of industrial digitization and digital industrialization.#br#

How to promote enterprises to actively carry out original innovation and accelerate the breakthrough of core key technologies in relevant fields is a key issue in the cultivation of China's innovation ability. In order to solve this problem, scholars have explored and analyzed the influencing factors of enterprise original innovation. However, most studies only explore from certain factors, without considering the joint action of multi-level factors. In fact, the original innovation of enterprises needs the joint action of multi-level elements. Therefore,this paper discusses the impact of technical factors, organizational factors and environmental factors of the original innovation of enterprises based on the TOE theoretical model, and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the configuration effect among the factors.#br#Firstly, the paper systematically reviews the research on enterprise original innovation and TOE theory framework. According to the characteristics of enterprise original innovation, the paper selects the technical ability and technical management ability as the representative variables on the technical level, the original innovation atmosphere and executive support as the representative variables on the organizational level, and the market orientation and policy orientation as the representative variables on the environmental level. Then it constructs the TOE research framework of enterprise original innovation.#br#Secondly, the paper uses the method of questionnaire survey for empirical analysis. The empirical test is carried out with the questionnaire data of 206 enterprises. The study tests the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and uses the method of fsQCA to analyze the configuration effect of variables. The results show that there are five antecedent configuration paths to realize high-level enterprise original innovation: the technology management and original innovation atmosphere driven path under the dominant of technology and market; the technology and market pluralism path combining policy, top management support and technology management; original innovation atmosphere and policy driven path under the guidance of technology and market; the technology dominant path combining policy, technology management and organizational factors; the market leading path combining technology management, original innovation atmosphere and top management support. The complementary substitution relationship among technology, organization and environment is also found in the configuration path of high enterprise original innovation. Moreover there are two antecedent configuration paths for non-high enterprise original innovation. The two paths include non-high technology capability, non-high top management support, non-high market orientation and non-high policy orientation, which indicates that the lack of technology, organization and environment leads to non-high performance of enterprise original innovation.〖HJ*3〗#br#Finally, the study defines the differentiated driving path of enterprise original innovation, opens the black box of enterprise original innovation driving path, and provides an important basis for realizing enterprise original innovation. #br#This study proposes the TOE analysis framework of enterprise original innovation, widens the application scenario of TOE framework and helps to refine the dynamic matching effect of elements on different levels. It systematically integrates the factors on the three levels of technology, organization and environment, and makes up for the limitation of the lack of linkage between multi-level factors within the TOE framework. In addition, the study finds the multiple concurrent causality of enterprise original innovation and the complementary substitution relationship of multi-level elements of technology, organization and environment among different configuration paths.#br#For enterprises they should pay attention to three aspects on the original innovation. Firstly the enterprises should choose the appropriate original innovation path based on their situation, which will help to better realize the emergence of original innovation and effectively avoid the failure of original innovation. Secondly they should actively create an original innovation atmosphere, enhance the strategic height of original innovation, fully explore and explore market dynamics, improve the fit between enterprise development and government policies, and realize the joint force of multi-level elements. Thirdly the government should guide enterprises to continuously enhance their technological strength, strengthen the interaction with enterprises, build policy combination advantages, ensure the technological accumulation of enterprise original innovation, and continuously stimulate enterprises' original innovation willingness.#br#

Since the green innovation has become the top priority of sustainable development of enterprises in China, the coordinated development of economy and environment has become a new proposition for the development of enterprises. However, limited by domestic technology level and green knowledge, enterprises are confronted with various obstacles in the process of green transformation. In the process of international expansion, those multinational enterprises will inevitably continue to be exposed to advanced and innovative knowledge from abroad, especially green technology and knowledge. However, most of the existing studies mainly analyze the impact of foreign investment on the green innovation of domestic enterprises, and few scholars pay attention to the impact of international expansion on the green innovation. In fact, there are big differences in the impacts of the "bringing in "strategy and the "going out" strategy on enterprises. In particular, internationalization activities have always been regarded as a key path for multinational enterprises to improve their domestic innovation level by introducing cutting-edge technologies and scarce resources from overseas. Therefore, the study of the impact mechanism of international expansion on green innovation has great significance for Chinese multinational enterprises to realize green transformation and sustainable development. In addition, economic behaviors of enterprises are restricted by local institutions, therefore the role of local institutional environment cannot be ignored, and particularly the current institutional environment in China shows complexity and diversity. #br#Wherefore, from the perspective of organizational learning theory, this paper focuses on the influence mechanism of international expansion on green innovation of multinational enterprises. Moreover, it introduces two dimensions of the institutional environment, environmental regulation and industry normalization respectively, and deeply analyzes the moderating role of the two institutions between the relationship of international expansion and green innovation. This study has crucial practical significance for multinational enterprises to make full use of the green innovation dividend brought by international expansion, grasp the favorable domestic policy environment, and build a green innovation organism.#br#This paper selects A-share listed multinational enterprises from 2010 to 2020 as the research sample which includes 2482 observations. Given the validity of the study sample, the candidate sample is treated as follows: removing companies that have been public for less than two years; excluding financial and insurance industries whose assets, capital structure and operating characteristics; eliminating ST companies with poor financial status or other abnormal conditions; finally, eliminating incompletely exact data from a database or search engine sample information of enterprise. The hypothesis is verified by defining variables and constructing the multiple liner regression model, where green innovation is measured by a textual content approach. Further, the mediation effect test model is used to test the mediation path of environmental awareness and environmental practice of multinational enterprises.#br#The results show that international expansion has a significant positive impact on green innovation, and it can bring green innovation dividend for multinational enterprises. Environmental regulation strengthens the positive relationship between international expansion and green innovation, which reflects the compulsion of environmental regulation and the action power of multinational enterprises to actively respond to relevant environmental policies. While industry normalization plays a substitution role in the relationship between international expansion and green innovation, revealing the dual effects of industry normalization；industry normalization not only regulates but also provides services for green innovation of multinational enterprises, thus enhancing the green innovation ability.#br# Combined with organizational learning theory, institutional theory and green innovation research results, this study provides theoretical support and certain guiding significance for promoting green innovation and realizing sustainable development of Chinese multinational enterprises. The empirical results of the study confirm the impact of international expansion on green innovation. Thence, multinational enterprises should develop effective international learning models and actively cultivate and transform the advantages brought by international expansion. In the process of international expansion, enterprises should actively establish a green image, broaden the acquisition channels of green knowledge and innovation resources, and truly play the value-added role of green innovation in the process of international expansion. Finally, local governments and relevant departments should accelerate thebuilding of a diversified policy pattern and operating mechanism for green innovation, create matching support for green innovation of enterprises according to local development 〖HJ〗characteristics and growth stages, and promote long-term green development.#br#

In recent years, China's rapid economic development has been achieved at the expense of resources, environment and social welfare.The problems of environmental and social presented by the centennial industrialization in western developed countries are presented in the way of “time-space compression” in China.Innovation-driven economic development has become a consensus.However, how to achieve win-win of economy, environment and society through innovation has become an urgent problem under the concept of high-quality development.Sustainability-oriented innovation which "integrates the triple bottom lines of environmental, economic and social" is regarded as a "better management innovation" to guide the future.The root logic and mechanism chain of promoting sustainability-oriented innovation performance have not been found neither from the aspect of existing industry practice nor theoretical research.#br#With the development of new technologies, the guidance of new demand and the emergence of new formats of business, more and more enterprises begin to re-examine and design their business models to cope with future challenges.It can be said that business model design guides the whole process of value creation and has a more direct, significant and long-term impact on innovation performance than product design and technical design.Therefore, following thegrounded theory, this paper takes 6 companies as examples to deduce the effect path of business model design on sustainability-oriented innovation performance.#br#Data of 6 case enterprises are obtained through in-depth interview, observation method and secondary written materials.With the help of Nvivo software, 130 free nodes, 64 initial categories, 31 sub-categories and 8 main categories are successively concluded through the process of open coding, axial coding, selective coding and other rooted theory analysis.After that, three initial theoretical propositions are formed as follows.(1) The more complete and systematicenterprise's thinking on the content design, structure design and governance design of commercial activities, the more prominent enterprise performance of economic, environmental and social innovation.(2) The more complete and systematic enterprise's thinking on the content design, structure design and governance design of commercial activities, the more obvious arranging behavior of knowledge activities coordination which include procedural and non-procedural types.(3) The more obvious arranging behavior of knowledge activities coordination which include procedural and non-procedural, the more prominent enterprise performance of economic, environmental and social innovation.#br#On this basis, drawing on the logic ofthinking behavior results, this study deduces the effect path of business model design on sustainability-oriented innovation performance, that is “business model design-knowledge governance-sustainability-oriented innovation performance”.The research shows that the micro, meso, and macro structure levels embodied in business model design, the explicit and implicit dimensions embodied in knowledge governance, the foundation, anddevelopment, and value-added embodied in sustainability-oriented innovation performance have a specific corresponding relationship with one another.#br#The theoretical contribution of this study lies in two aspects.(1) This paper regards design thinking as a way of thinking that runs through the whole life cycle of enterprise organization, and applies it to the field of enterprise management, which enriches the interdisciplinary research of design thinking theory.(2) Through normative grounded analysis, the “black box” of the influence process of business model design on sustainability-oriented innovation performance has been opened based on the actual needs of enterprises, which lays an important theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical research.#br#The research conclusions provide the following enlightenment for enterprise managers to realize the virtuous cycle of sustainability-oriented innovation performance.(1) In order to achieve sustainability-oriented innovation performance, enterprise managers should first grasp the root factor of thinking transformation.(2) Since the relationship among economic, environmental and social innovation performance is not mutually exclusive,enterprise managers should pay attention to the synergistic development among the three innovation performance so as to achieve high-quality development.(3) In the era of Internet acceleration and knowledge economy, enterprise managers should realize the important role of formal and informal knowledge governance in the realization path of sustainability-oriented innovation performance to build a bridge for the realization of positive results.#br#

With the development of information technology, the fourth industrial revolution based on information technology has had an impact on China's manufacturing industry. China stands at a new crossroad and proposes the transformation of intelligent manufacturing. In the new round of revolutionary waves, the manufacturing enterprises take the revolutionary opportunity brought by intelligent manufacturing which will help to grasp the market opportunity and facilitate“the switch of runways and the surpassing of competitors”. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how intelligent manufacturing can enable disruptive innovation of enterprises.#br#On the basis of the relevant literature on intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation, this study firstly clarifies the definition of intelligent manufacturing and the relationship between intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation. Secondly, according to the theoretical analysis, Haier Group is selected for the study. Through the communication with the middle and senior management of Haier Group, the first-hand information is obtained, and then the second-hand information is acquired through the official website and HowNet. Finally, taking the qualitative data acquired from in-depth interviews with Haier Group as a foundation, the study adopts the grounded theory method to encode the first and second hand data, bridging the two theories of intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation with the focus on the key factors for intelligent manufacturing enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation and the generation and evolution mechanism of disruptive innovation enabled by intelligent manufacturing, providing reference for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, succeed in "overtaking", and promoting the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing industry.#br#The results show that "production mode change", "organizational structure evolution" and "cooperative network innovation" are important factors to promote disruptive innovation. Firstly, the change of production mode is the premise for manufacturing enterprises to build the core advantage of disruptive innovation. Intelligent manufacturing makes use of the new generation of information technology to bring customers into the research and development of products and realize large-scale personalized customization. On the basis of production mode transformation, the organizational structure and cooperation network of the enterprise are reconstructed. In terms of organizational structure, the enterprise will be transformed into a platform enterprise, and a user centered network platform will be built to facilitate "zero distance" interaction with users and realize the lifetime value of users. In terms of cooperation network, the product modular architecture is used to facilitate the absorption of external excellent resources and the construction of a parallel resource ecosystem. Secondly, the evolution of organizational structure is the basis for manufacturing enterprises to build the core advantage of disruptive innovation. Platform enterprises can effectively communicate internal and external resources and unblock the channels for enterprises to understand the personalized needs of users. In addition, they will "flatten" the organization and provide corresponding incentive mechanisms to stimulate the entrepreneurial team's innovative spirit and create a new generation of disruptive innovative products. Finally, cooperative network innovation is the key for manufacturing enterprises to build the core advantage of disruptive innovation. It helps to break the boundaries of enterprises, establish cooperative partnerships with all kinds of innovation organizations, scientific research institutions and technology holders around the world, integrate global resources, carry out rapid iterative research and development according to user needs, improve enterprise innovation ability and achieve win-win results. #br#The research findings bridge the two theories of intelligent manufacturing and disruptive innovation,and provide a new perspective for the research of intelligent manufacturing. Then from the micro perspective, the study decrypts the successful road of Haier Group's intelligent manufacturing, and provides reference for the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing.Finally, the theoretical model of realizing disruptive innovation in intelligent manufacturing enterprises is constructed, and the generation and evolution mechanism of disruptive innovation in intelligent manufacturing enterprises is analyzed and this paper provides academic evidence for Chinese enterprises to better tap the potential of intelligent manufacturing and promote disruptive innovation in the new era.#br#

The job-based S&T achievements account for the vast majority of the total S&T achievements, and their transformation and implementation are of great significance to economic and social development both in China and overseas. The reform measure to endow scientific research personnel with the ownership of scientific and technological achievements is to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific research personnel for innovation and entrepreneurship through the way of property right incentive, and itopens up a new path to promote the transformation of S&T achievements. However, the co-ownership of the job-based S&T achievements achieved through the empowerment has its particularity in the source of rights, subject, object and procedure. In the early stage, the academic and practical circles have conducted in-depth discussions on the ownership of S&T achievements,the theoretical basis for empowering scientific research personnel the ownership of job-based S&T achievements and so on. However, with the pilot advancement of empowerment reform, the focus is further shifted to the issue of how to exercise the co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements after empowerment. This paper attempts to explore this issue, and systematically discussescoordinate the rights and responsibilities between researchers and units,design the agreed contents under the constraint of legal rules, and how to prevent the risks related to the exercise of rights.#br#This paper takes the empowered co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements as the research object, investigates its static connotation representation and dynamic exercise requirements, demonstrates the value of shared rights between researchers and units from the perspective of path expansion, and emphasizes the coordination scheme of multiple objectives under the established path and the solutions to relevant risk problems andbreak down the mechanism obstacles that restrict the transformation of S&T achievements.#br#The results show that the special acquisition of co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements is mainly manifested in four aspects: the source of right is based on the existing unit's separate ownership, the object is related to the specific job-based S&T achievements, the subject starts from the transformation path selection of scientific research personnel, and the procedure is based on meeting the necessary process conditions. The standardized exercise of the co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements requires the joint exercise of scientific research personnel and the unit, the independent exercise of the co-owner, the classified exercise according to the forms of different S&T achievements, and the coordinated exercise within and outside the unit. In the process of exercise of rights, it is essential to pay attention to the balance of the relationship between the unit and scientific research personnel, the relationship between the R&D and the transformation, the relationship between the transformation of S&T achievements and the management of state-owned assets, and the relationship between S&T development and S&T security. At the same time, it is necessary to refine and improve the ownership autonomy rules of scientific research personnel and the unit to prevent risks such as the elimination of co-ownership caused by the difficulty of maintaining the co-ownership relationship, the recovery of rights caused by improper behavior after the empowerment, the formalistic evaluation of S&T achievements before market pricing, and the rejection of the entry of undertaking enterprises to the unit’s investment.#br#From the dual perspective of ontology and operation theory, this paper examines the goal pursuit and realization process of the empowerment co-ownership, which is a relatively holistic research on the empowerment of job-based S&T achievements, and complements the research on the ownership identification of job-based S&T achievements and the way selection, participation process, influencing factors and performance evaluation of the transformation of S&T achievements. It also has enlightening significance for the construction of the corresponding theoretical system. Although the co-ownership model of job-based S&T achievements also has its own shortcomings, in the context of the pilot empowerment reform, it is necessary to explore this model from the perspective of multi-path selection that is conducive to the transformation of S&T achievements, to estimate the relevant problems in the co-ownership path, and clarify the exercise logic of co-ownership of job-based S&T achievements, so as to jointly promote the smoothness and efficiency of the new path for the transformation of S&T achievements. The research results of this paper can provide guidance for researchers to participate in the path selection of achievement transformation activities.#br#

Patent litigation embodies competitiveness, and the decision related to patent litigation is becoming more complex, especially the choice of timing and location of patent litigation in the competitive environment. Hence, this research project explores the following research questions: when and where shall a plaintiff file a patent litigation in the competitive interactions, and how should the defendant response? It delves into the mechanism and the consequence of plaintiff's choice of timing and location and defendant's response modes with consideration of competitive interaction.On the basis ofthe literature on patent litigation and competitive dynamic, the current study proposes a theoretical framework on the choice of timing and location of patent litigation. This framework is conducive for clarifying the nature of patent litigation.#br#This study mainly discusses the timing and location selection of patent litigation and its response mechanism. Firstly, it is necessary to classify and define the timing and location selection characteristics of patent litigation initiated by the plaintiff. Secondly, it is necessary to classify and define the response characteristics of the defendant to patent litigation. On one hand, for the timing of patent litigation, it is necessary to make a basic distinction between the temporal characteristics of patent litigation. In view of the important impact of key events on firms, according to the two-dimensional classification framework of "whether the plaintiff has key events" and "whether the defendant has key events" when patent litigation is initiated, the choice of patent litigation timing can be divided into four types. On the other hand, for the location of patent litigation, according to whether the location of the patent litigation court belongs to the two-dimensional classification framework of "plaintiff's location" and "defendant's location", the choice of space (location) of patent litigation can also be divided into four types. Moreover, for the response characteristics of the defendant after the initiation of patent litigation, according to the dynamic competition theory, after the patent litigation is initiated, the defendant's response to patent litigation can be categorized by two key dimensions: reaction speed and reaction intensity. Therefore, the defendant's response to patent litigation can be divided into four categories. On this basis, it further expands the space-time selection strategy of patent litigation and the response strategy of patent litigation.#br#The supposed mechanism model of the choice of timing and location in patent litigation is figured out based on the theoretical analysis. It is suggested that the factors affecting the timing and location choice of patent litigation are mainly reflected in three aspects, namely, the characteristics of both sides of patent litigation, industrial environment and institutional environment. The characteristic factors of both sides of patent litigation mainly include executive characteristics, relative market position, litigation experience, complementary assets, relative resource capacity, key market actions, etc. The influencing factors of industrial environment mainly include industrial technology characteristics (Discrete / complex technology, technology life cycle, technology modularization, technology uncertainty), industrial market characteristics (market scale, competition intensity, industrial development stage, etc.) and industrial regulation characteristics. Institutional factors mainly include patent system, degree of marketization, diversified dispute resolution mechanism and so on.#br#The hypothetical framework of defendant's responses and results of patent litigation in competitive interaction is figured out based on the theoretical analysis.It is suggested that, in patent litigation, there is a variety of choices about the defendant's response. To be more specific, they could be fast or slow in time; the reaction intensity can be intense or weak; in the way of response, we can choose negotiation, counterclaim, neglect and so on. These choices are influenced by the main factors such as the characteristics of both parties, institutional and industrial environment, and have an impact on the litigation process and results. Among them, the characteristics of both parties include senior management characteristics, relative resource capacity, relative market position and key market actions; institutional environmental factors include patent system, alternative dispute resolution mechanism and degree of marketization; industrial environment includes industrial technology characteristics, industrial market characteristics and industrial regulation characteristics. #br#In the future, patent litigation case studies can be conducted on the proposed framework model, and empirical research can be carried out based on a large number of micro data(patent litigation judgment document mining data, company competitive behavior data, market environment data, etc.) of patent litigation plaintiffs and defendants.#br#

The knowledge learning, transfer and absorption of enterprises in the process of internationalization can provide more opportunities for home enterprises to solve customer problems. Therefore, many scholars believe that knowledge, as an important strategic resource, can help multinational enterprises obtain a competitive market advantage through appropriate management, exploration and utilization.#br# This paper attempts to answer the following two problems based on the dynamic capability theory:What are the constituent elements of knowledge capability in the process of internationalization? What is the development trend of each constituent element of knowledge capability in different internationalization stages (dynamic environment)? Then it summarize the promotion path of knowledge capability.#br#Through the analysis of three case enterprises, this study draws three main conclusions. Firstly knowledge capability includes four elements: knowledge recognition, knowledge acquisition, knowledge utilization and knowledge protection; knowledge recognition is the starting point of knowledge capability, and knowledge acquisition is the key step to increase enterprise knowledge reserve; the process of knowledge utilization is the process of transforming knowledge reserves into core competitiveness; knowledge protection provides a guarantee for the continuous improvement of enterprise competitiveness. #br#Secondly interaction with the outside world of the knowledge owned by enterprises should be continued. Therefore, the four elements of knowledge capability will show different development trends in different internationalization stages with the changes of their purpose and environment. Specifically, knowledge recognition is changed from fuzzy target search to key target search, and then to target enhancement; knowledge acquisition is changed from patchwork acquisition to active acquisition, and then to traction acquisition. The mode of knowledge utilization is changed from filter type to expansion type, and then to cooperative type. Knowledge protection starts from nothing and is changed from legal protection to technical barrier protection.#br# Thirdly the changes of the four elements in different stages constitute the promotion path of knowledge capability, and the path can be divided into prototype construction, expansion and integration. (1) In the international exploration stage, enterprises need to quickly adapt to market demand. This stage is called the embryonic stage, including fuzzy goal construction, piecemeal knowledge acquisition and filtered knowledge utilization. (2) In the international growth stage, enterprises begin to segment the market to meet the needs of market growth. Relying on the knowledge capability acquired in the previous stage, enterprises begin to actively seek to acquire knowledge, apply the filtered knowledge to proprietary fields, set up knowledge protection mechanism and form knowledge capability expansion stage. (3) In the mature stage of internationalization, creating customer demand is the primary goal of the enterprise. At this stage, due to the accelerated iterative updating of technical knowledge and customer knowledge, it is difficult to rely on only one enterprise. Enterprises begin to acquire knowledge through traction strategy and make collaborative use of the acquired knowledge to achieve the amplified effect. Since then, the knowledge integration capability stage of the enterprise has been formed.#br#This paper has three theoretical contributions. (1) Four elements of knowledge capability are identified. Specifically, this study emphasizes the prominent role of knowledge identification, and confirms that in order to avoid the rigidity of capability, enterprises often have to reflect on themselves to seek new knowledge capability; it distinguishes effective knowledge acquisition from efficient knowledge utilization;the study not only focuses on formal legal means, but also emphasizes informal protection methods, therefor it diversifies the methods of knowledge protection. (2) Dynamic capability theory holds that with the continuous change of the competitive environment, the acquisition and utilization of resources in enterprises should also have dynamic characteristics. Through analysis, this paper obtains the different forms of various elements of knowledge capability in different internationalization stages, and it makes up for the defect of mere static analysis of knowledge capability in previous studies. (3) It expands the applicable situation of knowledge capability. At present, most of the research on knowledge capability focuses on the domestic situation and ignores the interactive process of knowledge in the international situation. Therefore, from the perspective of the international market, this paper explores the promotion path of knowledge capability in developing the international market, and provides theoretical support for the implementation of enterprise internationalization strategy.#br#

The rapid development of information technology and the dynamic change of economic environment have brought unprecedented pressures to the research and development of high-tech enterprises, and thus stimulated the innovation willingness of enterprises. In the era of knowledge economy, the enterprise's competitive power increasingly depends on its own knowledge resources. Enterprises need to constantly broaden and deepen their knowledge base to keep enthusiasm for cutting-edge technologies and ideas, and then cope with the constantly changing external environment and improve their market competitiveness with their own knowledge base resources. The existing research ignores the innovation intention as the subjective will of the enterprise, and the intention is also affected by the internal knowledge base of the enterprise. However, the knowledge base of enterprise is not enough to fully stimulate its own innovation willingness, and external knowledge elements need to be introduced through cooperation with other subjects to jointly affect the enterprise's innovation willingness. This paper argues that knowledge field is a field formed by the flow and dispersion of knowledge elements between enterprises and relevant participants. In the context of high activity of knowledge field, it can promote the diffusion and aggregation of enterprise and external knowledge, enrich the internal knowledge resources of enterprises, and stimulate the innovation intention of enterprises. Furthermore, considering that the complex and changeable market environment faced by high-tech enterprises may affect the effect of enterprises' own resources on their innovation willingness, the study introduces market perception into the research framework. On this basis, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of knowledge base, knowledge field activity, market perception ability and innovation willingness, and analyzes the influence mechanism of knowledge base on high-tech enterprises' innovation willingness to explore the role of knowledge field activity and market perception in this mechanism.#br#This study chooses the high-tech enterprises as samples, mainly including information services, e-commerce services, testing services, professional and technical services of high technology, research and design services, science and technology achievements transformation services, intellectual property and related legal services, environmental testing, management services, and other high technology service enterprises. The respondents in this questionnaire survey are mainly middle and senior management personnel involved in R&D, marketing, procurement and logistics management in high-tech enterprises. This questionnaires are mainly distributed online with 363 questionnaires collected. After removing the questionnaires that are obviously not in line with the requirements, 311 valid questionnaires are obtained, with an effective rate of 85.675%. The research samples mainly focus on high-tech enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan provinces. Then, the reliability and validity tests and correlation analysis are carried out, and the relationship between these variables is analyzed by the multiple regression method and Bootstrap method.#br#This study provides some interesting empirical results. Firstly, both the depth and width of knowledge base can promote the innovation intention of high-tech enterprises. The results show that both diversified knowledge base and specialized knowledge base can help high-tech enterprises identify and discover new opportunities, stimulate interest and enthusiasm for new technologies and new ideas in the industry field, and promote the improvement of innovation willingness of high-tech enterprises. Secondly, knowledge field activity plays a moderating role in the influence of knowledge base depth and knowledge base depth on high-tech enterprises' innovation intention, revealing the role of knowledge base depth and knowledge base width on the level of knowledge field, and reflecting the inseparable correlation and interaction between internal knowledge base and external knowledge field. Finally, market perception plays a partial mediating role in the influence of knowledge base width and knowledge base depth on high-tech firms' innovation intention. The results show that the internal knowledge base can deepen the understanding of market changes, grasp relevant information and improve the market perception ability, which in turn further improves the innovation intention of high-tech enterprises.#br#In the actual management process, this study has a certain reference significance to enhance the innovation willingness of high-tech enterprises. Firstly, it is essential to actively expand the depth and width of their knowledge base, and stimulate the enterprise's willingness of innovation. Secondly, a good knowledge field environment is a must to provide a good external environment for enterprise knowledge interaction. Thirdly, in the practice of knowledge management, enterprises should pay attention to improve their own market perception ability.#br#

As enterprises are surrounded by a large amount of transaction data, click data, voice data and video data, a great number of enterprises are devoted to leveraging the economic effect of big data. In this process, big data analytics capability (BDAC), defined as the ability to leverage data management, technology base and talent to develop business insights, has the unique value. Although previous studies have agreed that BDAC is the “potential direction for future management theory and practice”, they are still at a rudimentary state. On the one hand, the existing research rarely has discussed antecedent factors of BDAC, which greatly hinders enterprises from effectively cultivating BDAC. On the other hand, many studies have emphasized the positive effect of BDAC on the development of enterprises (e.g.competitive advantage, performance improvement and innovation), but the relevant empirical research results cannot be effectively converged. Instead, many enterprises are in a survival trap due to large investment on BDAC. To fill these research gaps, this study attempts to answer three questions on BDAC by adopting a literature review method. (1) What is the conception of BDAC and how to measure it? (2) What are antecedent factors for BDAC? (3) What are the resulting effects of BDAC? Finally, this study develops an integrated analysis framework of BDAC in organizational research in the hope of providing a theoretical guidance for future BDAC research.#br#This study obtains literature data from Web of Science database and CNKI database. Specifically, by limiting the timeframe for August 2021, 1 291 English articles and 8 Chinese articles are retrieved. Through intensive literature reading, 95 English articles and 6 Chinese articles are obtained for analysis.#br#The existing research focuses on discussing BDAC based on resource-based theory and dynamic capability view. Meanwhile, they attempt to adopt a survey method and secondary objective indicators to measure BDAC. However, a growing number of studies are calling for the study of BDAC from the perspective of sociomaterialism. Secondly, previous studies have explored antecedent factors of BDAC from the environmental and organizational levels. On the one hand, research at the environmental level focuses on the impact of digital technology application, technological innovation, consumer demand, institutional environment and value network on BDAC. On the other hand, studies at the organizational level have highlighted factors such as organizational culture, executive support and IT infrastructure. Thirdly, the result effects of BDAC are mainly reflected in two aspects: behavior response and performance outcome. Although most of previous studies have identified the positive effect of BDAC on performance, some studies demonstrate that the organizational changes triggered by BDAC may disrupt existing processes and structures, resulting in an “IT production dilemma”.#br#Different from those empirical studies on BDAC, this study summarizes three theoretical bases of BDAC in organizational research, and deeply discusses the unique characteristics and inherent attributes of BDAC from different theoretical perspectives, which is helpful for a comprehensive understanding of BDAC, and provides literature evidence for the development of key dimensions of BDAC and quantitative measurement tools. Second, this study systematically combs antecedent factors, formation mechanism and action mechanism of BDAC, and integrates the research results of BDAC in the field of business management. Third, the integrated analysis framework of BDAC put forward in this study provides a promising direction for future research and promoting the digital construction and digital transformation of enterprises. Future research could try to open the black box of BDAC's differential action mechanism with SOM, and enrich BDAC's concept connotation and measurement tools from three perspectives of resources, capabilities and social integration. It is also advised to strengthen the formation mechanism of BDAC from the organizational level and focus on the boundary conditions of BDAC.#br#

Steel enterprises are one of the main causes of environmental pollution. To promote the green development of steel enterprises, China has formulated relevant policies from multiple aspects. Environmental policy is a major external factor affecting the green transformation of enterprises. Policies on both sides of supply and demand promote green transformation by reducing costs and improving the market benefits. On the one hand, the supply-side environmental policies help to reduce the cost of enterprise green transformation and the risk of green development by applying the improved external resource conditions; on the other hand, the demand-side environmental policies are conducive to improving the market benefits of enterprises' green transformation and the profit margins of enterprises by increasing the demand and income of green products.#br#Dynamic capability refers to the ability that the enterprises perceive opportunities and threats, learn and create new knowledge, and reconstruct internal and external resources to manage the rapid changes in the environment. It helps enterprises to bridge the resource and capacity gaps before and after the transformation and accelerate green transformation. Green transformation of enterprises is a process in which enterprises obtain new green competitive advantages by reorganizing and allocating internal and external resources, changing business directions, business models and corresponding organization modes to ensure the continuous development.#br#The green transformation of enterprises is the joint result of external and internal causes. Considering the characteristics of multi-links in the green transformation of enterprises and combining the comprehensive study from the external and internal perspectives, this paper focuses on the green transformation of enterprises by constructing the theoretical framework of “Environmental Policy-External Pressure-Green Transformation Link-Dynamic Capability-Internal Choice”. It uses a longitudinal case study method with a time span and text quantitative analysis method to analyze the process mechanism of Guangxi Liuzhou Steel Group's green transformation. The green transformation process of Liuzhou Steel has witnessed a typical microcosm of the green development of numerous steel and iron enterprises, and also represented the growth of enterprises in an economically underdeveloped region without large-scale investment. The green transformation of enterprises involves green product development, green material investment, green production process, green supply chain management and green marketing, among which the policies providing external support are in line with the internal dynamic capabilities of enterprises, and promote the green transformation of the whole life cycle of enterprises.#br#It is found that the green transformation of enterprises is a dynamic system with a constantly changing environment. Environmental policies stimulate enterprises to change, and dynamic capabilities provide a strong foundation for enterprise transformation. The external environment and internal capabilities have joint efforts in the green transformation of enterprises. Under a dynamically changing environment, the key for an enterprise to implementing transformation and achieving success lies in its dynamic capability to match the changes in the external environment. The essence of dynamic capability is the capability to change. Enterprises are expected to internally grasp national environmental policies and industrial development trends, learn new knowledge and technologies, and reconstruct enterprise resources as well as capabilities, and cyclically promote the green transformation of the whole life cycle of the enterprise from product development, material input, production and manufacturing, to supply chain management and marketing management. Moreover they shall not only grasp the business opportunities brought by changes from the external environmental policies, but also grasp the key links of transformation. From the perspective of the green transformation process, enterprises prefer to improve the back-end links in the life cycle, like the production process that is capable of obviously bringing benefits, and pay less attention to the front-end links such as the green material investment. The huge fossil energy consumption of the steel and iron industry has caused high carbon emissions, so that the green development of the material input link is significant for enterprises to achieve green transformation. It is essential for the government to guide steel enterprises to reduce the use of traditional high-emission raw materials and energy, and increase the proportion of green and clean energy. Enterprises shall actively increase the proportion of electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking, and utilize technologies of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage to make new green competitive advantages.#br#

As a new generation of general technology, digital technology can significantly improve the service level of the capital market. The application of digital technology can not only effectively reduce the transaction costs of the capital market, but also help the capital market play a fundamental and strategic role in leading corporate green innovation and promote the transformation of industrial structure. China's economy has moved from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. It is significant to focus on the changes in the ecological environment to drive the green and high-quality development of the economy and accelerate the green transformation of the economic structure. #br#XBRL is fully known as the extensible business reporting language, and it promotes the standardization of financial information disclosure. The differences of language style and format of information disclosure will affect investors' cognition of information and their decision-making. XBRL can provide more accurate and reliable financial information, and the standardized information can not only enhance information transparency, but also improve the comparability of information and stakeholders' decision-making efficiency. Meanwhile, XBRL can greatly improve the efficiency of stakeholders' collection, processing, exchange and application of these financial information.#br#This papertests the economic consequences of the XBRL format to disclose fund-related information, which not only provides investors with reliabledata, but also greatly reduces the cost of information collection for investors and other stakeholders, and improves information transparency. The improvement of fund information transparency can prevent fund managers from maliciously manipulating and disturbing the fund market and other short-sighted behaviors. At the same time, the improvement of fund information transparency will not only attract more funds to flow into the fund market, but also boost the enthusiasm of fund managers, improve the efficiency of capital allocation in the capital market and create a good green innovation environment for enterprises. Besides, when investors have easier access of information, if the investment behavior of the fund manager does not meet the expectations of investors or the fund performance is poor, investors can select other funds from the market. This way of voting with feet will increase the attention of the fund managers on the fund performance, and force them to pay attention to the company behaviors. #br#Therefore,given the fact that China Securities Regulatory Commission requires all fund companies to disclose fund information in XBRL format on the designated website, this paper tests the impact of the digitization of fund information disclosure on the green innovation behavior of the held enterprises using DID method. It is found that the digitization of fund information disclosure significantly improves the green innovation output of the held enterprises and robust tests also support this finding. Further analysis shows that the digitalization of fund information disclosure can improve the green innovation behavior by improving the information processing efficiency of investors and giving full play to the external governance role. It is also confirmed that the digitization of fund information disclosure significantly improves the green innovation of enterprises with poor innovation capabilities and enterprises with low innovation willingness. Conclusions show that the digital transformation of capital market significantly improves the quality and efficiency of financial services and the efficiency of comprehensive utilization of resources, and effectively encourages enterprises for the green development.#br#It is concluded that firstly, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of fund market information by standardizing the information disclosure standards which is not only conducive to investors' vertical comparison of information, but also investors' horizontal comparison of information, andit helps to reduce the agency problems between investors and fund managers, and create a sound innovation environment for the green development of enterprises. Secondly, institutional investors should give full play to the governance and supervision effects on listed firms. Their active participation of institutional investors in enterprise can effectively improve the corporate governance level of listed companies and guide the green development of enterprises. Finally,value investors are expected to stabilize the fund market, and the long-term value and environmental performance of enterprises should be emphasized so that enterprises would focus on environmental governance.#br#

As the driving force and source of the high-quality development strategy, green technology innovation has played a fundamental role in promoting high-quality development. From the transformation of production methods to the transformation and upgrading of the economic structure, it is inseparable from the support of green technology innovation. As an important subject of green technology innovation, enterprises play an irreplaceable role in promoting green technology innovation, but there are many factors restricting corporate green technology innovation in practice. Among them, talent shortage in green technology development is one of the key problems in manufacturing enterprises. Green human resource management is believed to provide green competitive advantages for manufacturing enterprises, and it is conducive to the realization of environmental management objectives of enterprises. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the influence mechanism of green human resource management on green technology innovation for promoting corporate green technology innovation and achieving high-quality development.#br#The existing studies have mostly examined the connection between green human resource management and green innovation from the perspectives of resources and behavior, and reached the same conclusion that green human resource management can encourage businesses to adopt green technology. Although while the majority of academics agree that green human resource management may considerably boost an organization's performance in green innovation, little is known about how it works, how it is affected by organizational factors and environmental dynamics. The border circumstances of the interaction between green human resource management and green technology innovation are not sufficiently explored in the current research, and little attention is paid to the boundary conditions at the organizational level. In addition, the classification of green technology innovation is not included in the analysis of the relationship between green human resource management and green innovation. This study explores the impact of green human resource management on various forms of green technology innovation based on the dynamic capability theory. By introducing green dynamic capability, it also uncovers the mechanism underlying the aforementioned influence. Finally, the boundary conditions of the function of green human resource management are further specified by the introduction of the situational variable of organization regulatory orientation.#br#This study examines the mechanism between green human resource management and green technology innovation in depth, focusing on the boundary impact of organization regulatory orientation.It constructs a conceptual model based on the dynamic capacity theory and the regulatory orientation theory, and conducts an econometric model on 205 Chinese manufacturing firms. The empirical study explores the main effect, mediating effect, and moderating effect by using SPSS 23.0, and explores the moderated mediating effectby the software of PROCESS.#br#The findings show that (1) green human resource management has a significant positive impact on different types of green technology innovation; (2) green dynamic capability plays a mediating role in the relationship between green human resource management and green technology innovation; (3) organization regulatory orientation plays a moderating role：under the situation of promoting orientation, the positive impact of green dynamic capability on green product innovation will be stronger, and so is the indirect impact of green human resource management on green product innovation through green dynamic capability.#br#This paper's incremental contributions are as follows. First, it provides a new theoretical perspective for exploring the boundary conditions of the relationship between green human resource management and green technology innovation, reveals the special role of organizational factors in the relationship, responds to a call from scholars and promotes the application of regulatory orientation theory in green human resource management. Second, from an organizational standpoint, it contributes to research on the mechanism of green human resource management influencing the process of green technology innovation, and expands the application of dynamic capability theory in corporate green behavior. Finally, it clarifies the influence mechanism of green human resource management on two types of green technology innovation, investigates the relationship between green human resource management and green technology innovation from a more micro perspective, and extends theoretical research on green technology innovation.#br#

Under the guidance of high-quality development of manufacturing industry, the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises should take into account green and intelligence. Technological innovation and digital technology are expected to promote green development and enable green manufacturing. However, at present, China's manufacturing industry lacks the motivation to implement green innovation and doesn't have a good innovation support system to provide effective support for resource integration. According to the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, external green attention is an important way to increase the motivation for green innovation in enterprises. The digital business model portrays the business logic and basic principles of commercialisation using the advantages of digital technology, and can guide the implementation of green innovation strategies. Therefore, how to efficiently promote green innovation in the digital business model scenarios is worthy of discussion, and the organic match between the two is an inevitable choice for enterprises.#br#At present, scholars have explored the drivers of green innovation based on institutional theory, resource-based theory and stakeholder theory, but most of the studies separate different subjects, and few scholars have explored the joint role of different subjects on green innovation, especially without specifying the state of their joint role; and most studies focus on the direct effect of different subjects on green innovation, and their conclusions have not yet reached an agreement, and they do not pay attention to the influence of other factors; therefore, it is necessary to explore the scenario factor of its mechanism of action. Business models, as a direct scenario, influence the choice of corporate strategy as well as business performance. In view of the lack of research on green innovation from the perspective of matching business models and strategies, this paper introduces digital business models and focuses on their moderating effect on the relationship between green concerns and green innovation.#br#Given the above-mentioned research deficiencies and corporate practice background, this paper constructs a conceptual model of green innovation strategy implementation based on digital business models according to the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and business model theory, and conducts an econometric model on 294 manufacturing listed companies from 2015 to 2020. The empirical study explores the driving mechanism of green innovation, examines the moderating role of digital business models, and uses polynomial regression and response surface analysis techniques to explore the interactive synergistic effects of green concerns of different subjects.#br#The findings show that (1) consumer green concerns and retailer green concerns can significantly boost corporate green innovation, while supplier green concerns do not have a significant impact on corporate green innovation; (2) digital business models have a scenario moderation effect, specifically, personalisation positively modulates the contribution of consumer green concerns to green innovation, and networked collaboration positively modulates the contribution of retail green concerns to green innovation, and has no moderation effect on the relationship between supplier green concerns and green innovation; (3) green concerns of different subjects have interactive synergistic effects on corporate green innovation. In equilibrium, when both are at a high level, enterprises perform better in green innovation; in disequilibrium, when consumer green concerns are higher or lower than retailer green concerns, there is no significant difference in enterprises' green innovation performance.#br#The incremental contributions of this paper are as follows. (1) From the perspective of matching digital business models with green innovation strategies, a conceptual model of green innovation strategy implementation based on digital business models is constructed for the first time, and it provides a new theoretical framework and an integrated research paradigm for the study of enterprises' green innovation mechanism. (2) Starting from the connotation of business model,the role of the scenario of digital business model is highlighted after analyzing the effect of green concern on driving green innovation in the framework of "green value proposition → green value creation → green value acquisition". In addition, the interactive synergy effect of green concern of different subjects is found,and ittheoretically reveals the mechanism of green concerns of different subjects on green innovation in the digital business model.#br#

In order to address global issues such as air pollution and climate change, China has committed to adopting more effective policies and measures, striving to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, and has made a series of deployments. Different from developed countries that have completed industrialization, China is still in the stage of in-depth industrialization and urbanization, and there is great inertia of the path of high carbon dependence formed by rapid economic growth since the reform and opening up. The transition period from carbon peak to carbon neutrality in China is only 30 years. Therefore, the challenges to achieve the ‘double carbon' goal cannot be ignored. At the same time, the digital economy is accelerating its integration into the whole process of economic and social development, and has gradually become a breakthrough to cope with climate change and solve the contradiction between economic growth and environmental constraints. As a strategic choice for a new round of scientific and technological transformation, the digital economy relies on big data, artificial intelligence and other digital technologies to provide a new path for industrial green transformation and carbon emission management, and it plays an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, behind the vigorous development of the digital economy, the carbon emissions caused by energy consumption cannot be ignored. The existing research shows that the digital economy has a more complex impact on carbon emissions. On the one hand, the development of the digital economy promotes energy demand and increases carbon emissions; on the other hand, the integration of the digital economy and the real economy will bring about changes in production, living and governance methods to reduce carbon emissions. In this context, it is extremely important to systematically study the relationship between digital economy and green low-carbon development.#br#This paper sets five indicators to measure the digital economy development level index more comprehensively from three aspects of information industry development, digital infrastructure and digital inclusive finance. Drawing on the panel data of cities at prefecture level and above in China, this paper systematically analyzes the effects, mechanisms, heterogeneity and spatial spillovers of digital economy on carbon emissions. According to the data of 271 cities at or above prefecture level in China from 2011 to 2019, the empirical research results show that from the overall level the digital economy is conducive to low-carbon development, and this conclusion is still valid under various robustness tests such as the 'Smart City' pilot as a quasi-natural experiment. The heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant regional differences in the impact of digital economy on carbon emissions. In regions with better economic base conditions measured by per capita GDP and regions with higher environmental regulation intensity, the digital economy has a better emission reduction effect. The mediation effect test shows that the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions is mainly achieved through the improvement of energy utilization efficiency and industrial structure upgrading. At this stage, China's intelligent industry transformation and technological progress mechanisms are not established. Finally, according to the spatial dependence of carbon emissions in various regions of China, the impact of digital economy on carbon emissions has a significant spatial spillover effect. This means that the digital economy can not only reduce the local carbon emission level, but also reduce the carbon emission level of neighboring areas.#br#　The marginal contributions of this paper lie in four aspects. First, it analyzes the impact of China's digital economy on low-carbon development from a more comprehensive perspective. Second, this paper analyzes the heterogeneous impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions from economic development and the intensity of environmental regulation. Third, this paper further refines the impact mechanism of digital economy on low-carbon development from energy efficiency improvement, smart industry transformation, technological progress and industrial structure upgrading. Fourth, considering the spatial characteristics of digital economy and the spatial dependence of regional carbon emissions, this paper further studies the spatial spillover effect of digital economy on carbon emissions. This provides empirical support for enabling low-carbon development of the digital economy.#br#

Market audiences rely on categories to evaluate market offerings, and there might be the “illegitimacy discount” problem when they deviate from category norms. By definition, technological innovation naturally suffers from such a problem, yet it is usually rewarded by the market. Recent studies employ the signaling theory to explain this phenomenon. They argue that innovation suppliers may use their identities as signals to reduce the information asymmetry between their innovations and market audiences. However, some studies emphasize signal conformity, i.e.,the identity of an innovation supplier should be similar with peer organizations to achieve institutional legitimacy; while others highlight signal differentiation, i.e.,the identity of an innovation supplier should be different from peer organizations to obtain competitive advantages. Such an inconsistency requires further investigation.#br#The above paradoxical arguments may be caused by the complexity of signaling strategies as well as the influence of boundary conditions. First, this study draws on optimal distinctiveness theory which argues that a firm's strategy should concern both conformity and differentiation to achieve legitimacy and competitive advantages simultaneously for the maximization of economic performance. As such, the reason for using identities as signals to promote audiences' perception is the orchestration of signal conformity and signal differentiation. However, these two signal attributes are commonly assessed in isolation rather than in their entirety. Second, most extant literature has taken a general view that firms' signals are related to technological innovation diffusion, yet few studies examine under what conditions signals are more or less effective. Drawing on the contingency theory, the study argues that the effectiveness of a strategy depends on both a firm's internal resources and the business environment. On the one hand, the signaling theory suggests that market audiences rely on signals when the value of innovation is unobservable. Thus, the effect of a firm's signals on technological innovation diffusion may become weaker when audiences have greater visibility of innovations' objective properties, such as track record. On the other hand, with the increase of the number of competitors in an industry, more efforts are required to evaluate these signals from audiences, which may result in lower signals' effectiveness.#br#To resolve the aforementioned research gaps, this paper uses a firm's network as the proxy for signals to explore the impact of the orchestration of the conformity and differentiation of signals on technological innovation diffusion. This is because network is one of the most important signals as previous studies have implied. The moderating effects of track record and competition on this relationship are investigated. The framework is examined based on the sample collected from high-tech firms that went public between 2008 and 2021 in the pharmaceutical manufacturing, aerospace product and parts manufacturing, computer and electronic product manufacturing, electrical equipment and component manufacturing, and chemical manufacturing sectors. The final sample includes 223 firms after a series of assembling steps. Thefixed-effect model is employed to test hypotheses, other methods including alternative measurements, instrumental variable estimation and sub-group re-estimation are all applied in the robustness tests. #br#The empirical results show that (1) the orchestration of the conformity and differentiation of signals could promote technological innovation diffusion; (2) such a relationship is weakened when a firm has outstanding track records.These findings contribute to the existing literature in three ways. First, drawing on the optimal distinctiveness theory, this studyconceptualizes a firm's signals as signal conformity and signal differentiation, and it measures them by employing text mining analysis. Second, it enriches the understanding of the relationship between a firm's signals and technological innovation diffusion by showing that signal conformity and signal differentiation may impact technological innovation diffusion interactively. Third, it advances the boundary conditions of the application of optimal distinctiveness theory.#br#Accordingly,enterprises should play an active role in enterprise signal transmission in the process of technological innovation diffusion. They could fully disclose internal information and play an active role in the diffusion of technological innovation. The better their historical performance is, the better their level of technological innovation diffusion will be. Meanwhile, the government needs to guide enterprises to strategically disclose identity information, give full consideration to consistency and diversity, and encourage enterprises to compete reasonably so as to build an orderly and healthy market environment, improve the effectiveness of market operation and minimize market failure.#br#

The transformation of scientific and technological advancements, as an essential component of innovation, is the key to the transformation from technological advancement into actual productivity in the complex and ever-changing global environment. However, there is a general lack of corresponding business knowledge among researchers in various research institutes and universities worldwide. The problem of low efficiency in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements persists, and the effect of the transformation intermediaries is not obvious. When assessing the influencing variables of the transformation of science and technology achievement, scholars typically use a single subject as the research object and disregard the linkage effect among other subjects. However, in reality, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a complex social process that involves numerous links and demands because of the participation of numerous subjects.#br#The knowledge gene theory is thus introduced into the study of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in order to refine the various aspects of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, comprehensively identify the influencing factors, and provide countermeasure suggestions for each region to improve the efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in a targeted manner. Knowledge gene theory is widely employed in the study of intelligence because it offers interpretable viewpoints and descriptions of knowledge expressions in the processes of knowledge formation, dissemination, organization, and evolution. It is helpful for the exploration of the mechanism of transformation and mutual promotion among science and technology by studying the dissociation and recombination of knowledge genes. This is because scientific and technological achievements are transformed in a way that corresponds to the expression of knowledge genes, making it a special manifestation of knowledge genes. The existing research on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is not theoretical, systematic, and process-oriented, and these shortcomings are made up by the citation of knowledge gene theory. By analogy with knowledge of gene inheritance and expression, the study considers the four basic elements required for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements: technological DNA, technological RNA, enzymes and technological traits. It also divides the transformation process into five stages: recognition, transcription, translation, combination and diffusion. Then it draws on the panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2016 to 2020 as the samples to perform empirical analysis using gray correlation analysis and obstacle degree model. This is done by applying the entropy weight approach to determine the index weights. #br#It is found that, firstly, the extent to which most influencing factors correlate with the expression of dominant technological and scientific traits is higher than that with the expression of recessive technological and scientific traits, indicating that the economic benefits brought by the transformation of technological and scientific achievements in each province at this stage outweigh the social benefits. Secondly, the degrees of association and obstacle strength of each indicator with the expression of scientific and technological traits are relatively stable from 2016 to 2020 in terms of spatial and temporal effects, but there are regional variations in the main factors influencing the expression of scientific and technological traits. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong have lower correlation degrees for most indicators #br#with scientific and technological trait expression than other provinces, while Shanxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang often have greater gray correlation coefficients for indicators. Thirdly, the main factor identification reveals that the translation stage has the highest correlation with the expression of dominant scientific and technological traits, while transcription element enzymes have the highest correlation with the expression of recessive scientific and technological traits. #br#The main obstacle factor limiting the transformation of science and technology is the development of combinational and translational activities. Therefore, the regions should first develop reliable institutions for scientific and technological evaluation to enhance the identification of scientific and technological DNA in order to improve the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements. Second, it is important to encourage the application of commercial resources to advances in science and technology, enhance the creation of pilot test links, perform well in terms of quantitative application and concept validation, and conduct pre-commissioning trial production. Last but not least, the government and innovation subjects should step up the promotion of new technologies and goods so that their economic and social values can be realized.#br#

As a key part of national and regional innovation systems, universities are the main force of fundamental research and original innovation in high-tech fields, and play an important role in driving scientific and technological innovation and high-quality economic development. The university innovation driving force is a system driving force to promote high-quality economic development, and it is formed by a series of scientific and technological innovation activities, such as research investment, knowledge innovation, achievement transformation and cooperative innovation, and the interaction between scientific research system of universities and government innovation policies. The research on the university innovation driving force and its relationship with the high-quality development of regional economy will not only provide empirical evidence for the future innovation mode or behavior choice of universities, but also have important policy significance for each region to change the economic development mode and promote the high-quality development of regional economy by relying on the university innovation driving force. However, most existing studies mainly focused on the university scientific and technological innovation in 3 aspects: definition of connotation, level measurement and analysis of economic development effect , and there are few literatures that brought university institutional innovation into the analysis framework. So there are deficiencies in the current research on the university innovation driving force, such as unclear concepts, imperfect evaluation index system and insufficient in-depth analysis of economic development effect. Only by solving these problems can we provide a strong institutional guarantee for strengthening the institutional innovation construction in colleges and universities, promoting the university innovation driving force in a comprehensive way, and giving full play to its high-quality economic development effect.#br#Therefore the study clearly defines the concept of the university innovation driving force, and on the basis of the concept of connotation, it constructs an evaluation index system which takes the scientific and technological innovation ability and institutional innovation ability of regional universities as the core, and evaluates the university innovation driving force of 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2012 to 2021. By investigating the influence of regional university innovation driving force index on regional development and life index, the study deeply analyzes the high-quality economic development effect of regional university innovation driving force.#br#It is found that the level of regional university innovation driving force is closely related to the level of regional economic development. Since the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, the university innovation driving force index in most provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China have been improved dramatically, but the index in the central and western regions is still significantly lower than eastern regions. The regional university innovation driving force, university scientific and technological innovation ability and institutional innovation ability all have significant positive impacts on the high-quality development of regional economy, and the university scientific and technological innovation ability promotes the high-quality development of regional economy more significantly than the institutional innovation ability. Regional university scientific and technological innovation and regional university institutional innovation have a significant synergistic driving effect on the high-quality development of regional economy, but the driving effect of university institutional innovation is relatively weak.#br#Compared with the previous literature, the main marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, the concept of the university innovation driving force is clearly defined, which makes up for the deficiency of existing literature on the connotation research of the university innovation driving force. Secondly, this study introduces the university institutional innovation into the evaluation index system of the university innovation driving force, and it can present the current development pattern of the university innovation driving force in China more objectively and comprehensively. Finally, it scientifically evaluates the economic high-quality development effect of the university innovation driving force, and reveals the mechanism of the university innovation driving force. The research results have guiding significance for each region to improve the level of university scientific and technological innovation, and promote the high-quality development of regional economy with the university innovation driving force.#br#

Regional integration is an important institutional design for coordinated regional development, and it is also a source of vitality for promoting high-quality economic development. Urban agglomerations are becoming the main spatial carriers for the allocation of regional factor resources, important hubs for smooth scientific and technological innovation activities and knowledge spillovers, and core carriers for promoting regional coordinated development and high-quality development. Regarding the policy effects of regional integration, existing research focuses more on economic development, environmental pollution and employment, and less literature deals with the impact of regional integration policies on micro-enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to deeply explore the impact of regional integration on the quality of enterprise innovation and its underlying mechanism.#br#Regional integration is expected to achieve the free flow of factors, resource sharing and industrial division of labor in the region through market mechanisms and government means, so as to form the integration of market resources across administrative regions. The expansion of urban agglomeration is a dynamic change from a typical fragmented "administrative region economy"to an integrated "urban agglomeration economy". After expansion, new entrants enjoy policy conveniences such as reduced transaction costs and strengthened economic ties within the urban agglomeration, and achieve corresponding policy dividends, thus forming the boundary effect of urban agglomeration between newly entered cities and peripheral cities. This paper selects the quasi-natural experiment of the expansion of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2010, adopts an sharp geographic regression discontinuity, and identifies the quality effect of enterprise innovation brought by regional integration by comparing the changes in the quality of enterprise innovation in expanding cities and marginal cities.#br#This paper has the following marginal contributions. First, in terms of research content, it focuses on the quality of corporate innovation rather than the quantity of innovation, which not only enriches the research perspective of corporate innovation, but also broadens the micro perspective of regional integration policy evaluation. Second, in terms of identification strategies, the non-parametric estimation method of sharp geographic regression discontinuity is adopted to identify the causal relationship between regional integration and the quality of enterprise innovation, that is, the jump effect brought by the exogenous impact of urban agglomeration expansion policies. The dual differences in the spatial and temporal dimensions of corporate innovation quality between new entrants and peripheral cities can reduce the endogenous estimation bias; thirdly, in terms of mechanism paths, it explores regional integration from the perspectives of corporate cost mechanism and demand mechanism. It will help promote a better combination of efficient markets and promising governments by clarifying the micro-mechanisms that affect the quality of enterprise innovation.#br#It is confirmed that regional integration construction has significantly improved the quality of enterprise innovation in expanding cities, and after a series of robustness tests, this conclusion is still valid. There is a firm heterogeneity effect of regional integration on innovation quality of enterprises, with more significant positive effect on enterprises that have long established, strong growth capacity and large scale. The mechanism test shows that reducing business costs and increasing business demand are the main paths to play the role of regional integration.#br#Finally, this paper puts forward policy suggestions to promote the regional integrated development of urban agglomerations and improve the quality of enterprise innovation. The first is to promote the coordinated development of new cities and in situ cities within the urban agglomeration. Second, it is essential to focus on building regional integration to effectively reduce corporate costs and release corporate market demand space. Last but not the least, it is important to promote the construction of a unified national market with regional market integration. The key is to break the vicious cycle of protectionism and administrative barriers, i.e. break the small circle or internal circle in each region, and comprehensively clean up the policy barriers that prevent foreign enterprises from entering the local market.#br#

Innovation is an important driving force for high-quality economic development. The construction of regional innovation system is an important support for the in-depth implementation of major national development strategies and the construction of an innovative country, and an important guarantee to overcome the 'middle-income trap' and achieve high-quality economic development. High-tech industry is an important practice subject of technological innovation and an important guarantee for China to build a world science center and innovation highland, and its innovation performance is closely related to the regional innovation ecosystem. However, the existing studies have not explored the coupling and coordination relationship of the internal elements of the ecological innovation system, and tend to analyze its impact on the high-tech industry from a single angle, and thus it is difficult to deeply explore the nonlinear relationship between the system and the industrial innovation performance by only focusing on the realization effect of a single element or part of the elements, and then treating the whole as the sum of the parts to carry out research. In other words the existing studies have not made a comprehensive interpretation of the high innovation performance of the high-tech industry brought by the innovation ecosystem theory. By the necessary condition analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, this paper explores the impact and driving path of regional innovation ecosystem on the innovation performance of China's high-tech industry from the perspective of "innovation subject-resource input-external environment".#br#The study selects seven indicators from three perspectives: innovation subjects, resource input and environmental construction in 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China to build a regional innovation ecosystem. Considering the singularity of the cross-sectional data, the study chooses the data of the result variables in 2020 to match the mean values of the condition variables in 2019 and 2018. The data is derived from the China Business Environment Report, China High-tech Industry Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, etc.#br#The conclusions drawn from the analysis are presented. First, using NCA and QCA methods, the study confirms that the single antecedent conditions in innovation subjects, resource input and environmental construction cannot constitute the necessary conditions for high innovation performance and non-high innovation performance in high-tech industries alone. Second, the high innovation performance of high-tech industries driven by regional innovation ecosystems has the characteristics of "multiple concurrency" and "asymmetry". Third, under certain conditions, there is a certain substitution relationship among the elements of regional innovation ecosystems. Fourth, there are spatial differences in the high-innovation configuration of high-tech industries driven by regional innovation ecosystems.#br#The innovation points lie in three aspects. First, the study analyzes the impact of the coupling interaction between innovation subjects and resource input in high-tech industries under the linkage matching of innovation infrastructure environment, legal and government affairs environment, and market open environment on the innovation performance of high-tech industries. Second,the overlapping paths are identified based on the comparative analysis of regional high configuration, and the alternative relationship among innovation subjects, resource input and environmental elements in the regional innovation ecosystem is identified. Third, according to the spatial characteristics, the spatial distribution differences of"innovation subject-resource input-environment" driven strategy in the eastern, central and western regions are further analyzed, and the complexity and importance of regional innovation ecosystem and high-tech industry innovation performance are stressed.#br#The results are subjective to some limitations. For instance, the antecedent conditions selected in this paper cannot cover all the influencing factors, and other antecedent conditions can be further expanded for configuration analysis. Researchers can further analyze the samples at the municipal level, increase the accuracy of research cases, and conduct in-depth research from the perspective of specific high-tech industries, such as manufacturing and electronic information industry.#br#

Compared with general investment, intelligent investment often faces greater risks in a world with increasing uncertainties. According to the real option theory, if the uncertainty of revenue expectation increases, the enterprise will decrease its investment . However, according to growth option theory, under uncertain conditions, the cost of immediate investment is likely to be lower so that increasing investment might be profitable for enterprises. For intelligent investment with high technology and broad market prospects, the enterprise will consider more about investment cost and revenue expectations while making the decision to increase investment. When the economic uncertainty increases, it is more likely to make intelligent investment. Industrial robot is the core equipment of manufacturing, especially intelligent manufacturing. The application of the industrial robot reflects the national development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry.China has become the largest market of industrial robot in the world. The investment on industrial robot has obvious characteristics of intelligent investment. Therefore, this paper takes it as the agent variable of industrial intelligent investment to study the effect of economic policy uncertainty on industrial intelligent investment.#br#Using the monthly import data of industrial robot of various provinces and cities, this paper discusses the effect of economic policy uncertainty on intelligent investment. The data about industrial robot import is from China Commodity Trade Database of EPS (Express Professional Superior), which provides monthly data of industrial robot import by province from China Customs. The key explanatory variable is China's economic policy uncertainty. The monthly EPU Index of China is used to measure the uncertainty faced by enterprises. To avoid spurious regression, the study first performs robustness tests by IPS and PP-Fisher which are used for panel unit root test. Then it makes a fixed effect regression with the data. The results show that the import of industrial robots increases significantly when economic policy uncertainty increases. There are differences of the promoting effect in different innovation environments and areas with different industrial structures. In particular, in provinces with a higher proportion of fiscal expenditure in science and technology, more authorized patent applications, and a higher proportion of invention patents in all patents, the import of industrial robots will be more strongly promoted by the increase of economic policy uncertainty. The promotion effect is also stronger in provinces with higher proportion of output in automobile and computer industries and lower position of global value chain. The study further conducts the endogeneity and robustness tests . It replaces the explanatory variable with the density of industrial robot and exposure to robot by province. Then it performs regression of EPU with a lag of 3 and 6 stages. Considering the impact of the economic cycle on the operation and investment behavior of enterprises, the study divides the samples into three groups for regression according to the quarterly GDP growth rate. The results show that the conclusion still holds. In further research, this study analyzes how economic policy uncertainty promotes intelligent investment. It is found that the increase in economic policy uncertainty will increase the value of the growth option for enterprises, and the economic motivation of enterprises to make intelligent investments because of the lower conversion cost.#br#This study provides empirical evidence for the growth option effect of economic policy uncertainty and enriches the domestic research in this field. Besides, the result shows that no matter at what stage of the economic cycle, economic policy uncertainty has a promoting effect on intelligent investment, which indicates that intelligent investment has a certain smoothing effect on economic fluctuations across the business cycle. Meanwhile, the conclusion that economic policy uncertainty will increase intelligent investment may provide a perspective for investment decisions under uncertainty and guidance for policy making departments. It is essential to strive to create conditions to raise the expected return of enterprise and reduce investment costs, in which way the smoothing effect on economic fluctuations of intelligent investment will be realized. For local governments, they should strengthen the protection of patent achievements in order to cultivate the culture of innovation and create a better environment that promotes innovation and creativity.#br#

As globalization continues to develop, China's 'One Belt, One Road' initiative has encouraged more and more enterprises to engage in cross-border activities to overcome the competitive disadvantages of emerging economies in the international marketplace. The business strategies of enterprises in international markets can be divided into exploitative and exploratory internationalization, with exploitative internationalization helping enterprises to improve their short-term competitiveness and gain current revenues to ensure their current survival, and exploratory internationalization helping enterprises to gain long-term revenues and improve their long-term competitiveness to ensure their future development. There have been difficulties in balancing these two business strategies, but recent studies suggest that it is possible to coordinate these two types of business activities in a balanced way that will enhance the innovation performance. Therefore, this paper aims to examine if and how such an ambidexterity strategy affects enterprise innovation performance. Meanwhile,it is necessary to consider what situational factors affect the impact of an ambidexterity strategy on enterprise innovation performance. However little consideration has been given to the external institutional environment, therefore this paper examines the situational variable of institutional environment which can be further divided into three dimensions, namely moderating, cognitive and normative institutions. The previous studies have focused on the formal institutions such as the moderating institutions, while less research has been conducted on the informal institutions similar to cognitive and normative institutions. It is increasingly claimed that for overseas enterprises, the ability to integrate into the local culture determines whether multinational enterprises can successfully operate in the host country. This paper therefore examines the role of cognitive and normative institutions in influencing the relationship between ambidexterity internationalization strategies and enterprise innovation performance.#br#In order to investigate the impact of the balanced and joint dimensions of internationalization ambidexterity on enterprise innovation performance and analyze the roles of the cognitive and normative institutions in the host country, this paper collects data from 627 Chinese multinational enterprises by a questionnaire based on ambidexterity theory and institutional theory, anddefining variables and using the process plug-ins to test the hypothesis.#br#The results of the analysis show that the joint and balanced dimensions of ambidexterity internationalization have significant positive impacts on the innovation performance of firms, and the host country cognitive and regulatory institutions have positive moderating effects on the positive relationship between ambidexterity internationalization and innovation performance, and the higher the level of the host country cognitive and normative institutions, the greater the positive impacts of the ambidexterity balanced and joint dimensions on enterprise innovation performance. When the sample is regressed by industry, the results of the analysis show that the moderating effect of the cognitive and regulatory institutions is more pronounced in the manufacturing sector.#br#In contrast to previous literature, this paper compares the effects of the balanced and joint dimensions of ambidexterity strategies on innovation performance,and proves that the joint dimension in which exploration and exploitation are complementary and mutually reinforcing activities, has a better effect on innovation performance than the balanced dimension in which exploration and exploitation strategies are sought on an equal footing. To some extent, it broadens the scope of research on dual strategies for internationalization. In addition, this paper also compares the magnitude of the impact of cognitive and normative institutions on the path, and finds that the adoption of an internationalization ambidexterity strategy contributes more to innovation performance with the addition of normative institution than thatwith the addition of cognitive institution, expanding the scope of cognitive and normative institutions on the relationship between internationalization and innovation performance. This extends the research on how cognitive and normative institutions influence the relationship between internationalization and innovation performance. The study further analyses the extent to which cognitive and normative institutions in manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries have an impact on the relationship between internationalization ambidexterity and innovation performance, and finds that cognitive and normative institutions have greater moderating effects in manufacturing industries than in non-manufacturing industries, presenting new research directions for internationalization ambidexterity theory and institutional theory in different industries.#br#

Since the entry to the World Trade Organization, China's manufacturing has developed rapidly. However, foreign manufacturers monopolize the upstream industries of the global value chain through technological superiority, and lock the core technologies in their home countries to maintain the leading position. The core technologies of China's manufacturing are highly dependent on foreign countries, seriously restricting Chinese enterprises from achieving independent innovation and climbing to the high-end of the value chain. Therefore, the manufacturing enterprises urgently need to break the foreign technology monopoly and take the initiative in innovation. #br#By employing the Osiris database, the multi-regional input-output table (ADB-MRIO) compiled by the Asian Development Bank and patent data of Chinese listed manufacturing companies, this study explores the influence of foreign upstream monopoly on the innovation level of domestic enterprises. It is found that firstly, foreign upstream monopoly significantly inhibits the improvement of innovation level of manufacturing enterprises, especially the invention patents with higher innovation quality. This is because on the one hand, foreign upstream enterprises with core technologies monopolize the key elements for innovation required by downstream enterprises. On the other hand, downstream enterprises are dependent on imported foreign intermediates, and have a weak absorption capacity, resulting in little learning effect. Secondly, influenced by political relations, the effect of upstream monopoly has national differences. The upstream monopoly from United States, Japan and several other developed countries has a significant negative impact on the innovation level of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, while the European Union, Brazil and Russia have a positive impact but not significant. Furthermore, upstream monopoly from different countries has a heterogeneous impact on the innovation of different domestic industries. For the food and high-tech manufacturing industries, the coefficients of all countries (regions) are negative. For other manufacturing industries, the coefficient of some countries (regions) is positive but not significant. Thirdly, the heterogeneity analysis based on the nature of enterprise ownership shows that compared with foreign-owned enterprises, the inhibitory impacts are particularly higher for state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Unlike local enterprises, foreign-owned enterprises can use the technologies transferred from parent companies to reduce innovation costs, thus mitigating the capture effect from foreign upstream enterprises.#br#It is suggested firstly to get rid of the path dependence of technology introduction, increase R&D investment in basic research, improve the intellectual property protection mechanism, and accelerate platform construction for the transformation of scientific research achievements. Secondly, it is essential to take advantage of heterogeneity to develop international economic and trade cooperation and implement differentiated industrial policies. For developed countries, we should strengthen dialogue and properly handle differences. For the vast number of developing countries, we should maximize the potential of trade cooperation and realize complementary advantages in various fields for mutual benefit and win-win results. The high-tech manufacturing industry is confronted with key technology bottleneck. It is necessary to concentrate R&D resources to realize the domestic substitution of core intermediate products. Other manufacturing industries can use the trade transfer effect to reduce the negative impact of some countries by improving the diversified supply system for intermediate products. Finally, it is important to adopt different innovation incentives for enterprises with different ownership. For foreign-owned enterprise, it is necessary to optimize the business environment; for state-owned enterprises, it is vital to further remove the institutional obstacles; for private enterprises, policies such as tax reduction and fee reduction should be adopted to stimulate the innovation potential.#br#By integrating the global value chain theory and industrial organization theory into a unified analytical framework, this study makes a deep analysis of the impact of foreign upstream monopoly on the innovation level of Chinese enterprises under the background of participating in the global value chain, expanding the research perspective in related fields. Then it uses the data of the global listed company database from 2005 to 2019 to measure the degree of foreign upstream monopoly, which ensures the timeliness and comprehensiveness of the research issues. Lastly, this paper creatively deconstructs the overall foreign upstream monopoly indicators into different countries. It can accurately identify the country differences and industry differences,and provides theoretical support for enterprises to breakthrough key technology bottleneck, and practical policy suggestions for ensuring the security of domestic supply chain and improving the efficiency of innovation chain.#br#

In a highly uncertain and fiercely competitive business environment, how to shape and further maintain a competitive advantage is a key issue that every enterprise must pay close attention to. Since organizational innovation can help organizations maintain competitive advantages, it has become a focal topic of research in the field of organizational management. In order to enhance the core competitiveness of the enterprise organization, CEOs are facing increasing work pressure, leading to an increasing trend of exploitative behaviors which are the embodiment of exploitative leadership. In recent years, exploitative leadership has attracted wide attention of many scholars. A CEO plays a crucial role in the allocation of organizational resources, and in the formulation of organizational strategies and decisions, but it is unknown if, how and when CEO exploitative leadership can have an influence on organizational innovation. #br#Following the social cognitive theory, this paper discusses the effect of CEO exploitative leadership on organizational innovation performance at the organizational level. Through 398 paired CEO-executive questionnaires in different industries from Hubei Province in China, the study empirically tests the process of CEO exploitative leadership influencing organizational innovation performance by using the hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping method. There are mainly four variables including CEO exploitative leadership, organizational learning, organizational innovation performance, and environmental competitiveness in the research model. The results show that CEO exploitative leadership negatively affects organizational innovation performance. Organizational learning plays a mediating role in the process of CEO exploitative leadership influencing organizational innovation performance. Moreover, environmental competitiveness strengthens the relationship between CEO exploitative leadership and organizational learning as well as the negative mediating effect of organizational learning in the relationship between CEO exploitative leadership and organizational learning. Then this study builds a moderated model based on social cognitive theory to answer the questions of how CEO exploitative leadership undermines organizational innovation, and how organizational learning plays a mediating role in this relationship. In addition, it also explores the importance of external environment that considers environmental competitiveness as a vital boundary condition in the process of CEO exploitative leadership affecting organizational learning. #br#There are three management implications in this study. First, enterprises should attach importance to the evaluation of CEO character in terms of personnel selection and use systems to regulate the behavior of enterprise leaders. When selecting a CEO, candidates' character should be taken into account. In formulating the regulations, the enterprises should encourage other organizational members to supervise the CEO's leadership behavior. Second, enterprises should attach importance to the construction of an organizational learning atmosphere and improve their learning level by establishing learning mechanisms and specific management measures. Enterprises can establish an effective organizational learning mechanism to encourage members to actively learn various knowledge. Moreover, they can create a harmonious and loving organizational support environment during the management process, thereby enhancing their willingness and behavior to actively acquire, share, and utilize knowledge. Finally, enterprises should attach importance to the improvement of their internal management capabilities and the external environment. Enterprises should enhance their management and adaptability, effectively identify opportunities and challenges in the external environment, and contribute to the smooth realization of sustainable development for the enterprise. Overall, the findings have important guiding significance for enterprises to improve leadership effectiveness to promote organizational innovation．#br#Meanwhile, there are some limitations about research data and model construction, which present opportunities for the following research. For instance, future research can further explore the differences in the connotations of exploitative leadership in different cultural backgrounds, and adopt the laboratory research method to make up for the short time span of data collection and improve the accuracy of research results; moreover, researchers can explore the mediating role of organizational affective abilities based on the affective events theory, and analyze the contextual role of organizational innovation atmosphere and instrumental organizational ethics atmosphere in leadership behavior affecting organizational innovation performance from the perspective of internal factors within the organization.#br#

Entrepreneurs play an irreplaceable role in the entrepreneurial process. Owing to their certain characteristics, entrepreneurs are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities than those who lack these characteristics. In the process of starting a business, entrepreneurs need to interact with stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, governments, financial institutions and employees, and influence stakeholders to act according to their own goals with their behavior and strategies, so as to achieve their own entrepreneurial goals. The ability of entrepreneurs to interact with stakeholders and influence their behaviors is called political skills. They are the most important personal characteristics that entrepreneurs show in the process of starting a business.#br#　Political skill is a concept proposed in a western context. In the existing research, the measurement scales of political skills are based on individuals in the workplace, measuring employees′ interpersonal communication and influencing their ability in the workplace. As for the research on entrepreneurs′ political skills, most scholars focus on revising and improving the scale of employees′ political skills developed by Ferris et al. (2005). However, the measurement scale of employees′ political skills in the workplace cannot be completely replicated and applied to entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs need to have such general political skills as individuals, but from an entrepreneurial role, these generic skills are not enough.#br#　In the Chinese cultural context, through the in-depth interviews with 16 entrepreneurs and two field surveys, this paper discusses the conceptual connotation and structural dimensions of entrepreneurs′ political skills and develops a tool for measuring entrepreneurs′ political skills with good reliability and validity. From the perspective of the entrepreneurs′ characteristics, the concept of entrepreneurs′ political skills is proposed. Entrepreneurs′ political skills refer to the ability of entrepreneurs to interact with various stakeholders through keen political insight into a specific cultural situation, build an entrepreneurial relationship network, and influence and control the behavior of stakeholders by using their interpersonal influence and political trickery to achieve their entrepreneurial goals. Entrepreneurs′ political skills include four components: social-environmental astuteness, entrepreneurial network ability, interpersonal influence and political trickery ability.#br#　This study expands the research of political skills in the field of entrepreneurship and has certain theoretical contributions and practical implications. The research fills the gap in the research on the localization of entrepreneurial political skills and provides a good measurement tool for future empirical research on entrepreneurs′ political skills. It not only reveals the differences between China and the West, but also expands the research of political skills in the field of entrepreneurship. The measurement scale of entrepreneurs′ political skills developed in this study covers the contents of domestic and foreign employees′ political skills scale, and it further finds the uniqueness of the measurement scale of entrepreneurs′ political skills in China. It also illustrates the necessity of studying entrepreneurs′ political skills in the context of Chinese culture.#br#　This research has certain practical implications. Given the importance of political skills in the interactive game between entrepreneurs and stakeholders, entrepreneurs can show their political skills through social-environmental astuteness, entrepreneurial network ability, interpersonal influence and political trickery ability to influence and control stakeholders′ behavior with appropriate strategies and ways. Entrepreneurs should focus on improving their entrepreneurial ability and their political skills,and they can improve their political skills through practice.#br#　This study also has some limitations. In this study, multiple samples and methods are used to test the reliability and validity of the measurement scale. Although the empirical sample size of this study also meets the standards of quantitative research, it is still relatively small, and the number and characteristics of samples may affect the research results of this paper. In the future, more samples or different types of samples can be selected to further test the reliability and validity of the newly developed scale to enhance the popularization of the research conclusions. Future research can explore the relationship between entrepreneurs′ political skills and other variables in Chinese cultural background, and explore the influencing factors and results of entrepreneurs′ political skills. Meanwhile the negative effects of entrepreneurs′ political skills and the double-edged sword effect of entrepreneurs' political skills in their entrepreneurial activities are also worthy of analysis.#br#

With the accelerated evolution of a new generation of digital technologies represented by artificial intelligence，blockchain，cloud computing，and big data，new business forms，new organizations，new models of the digital economy are booming around the world. The Chinese government has attached great importance to the cultivation and development of the digital economy in recent years. #br#The development and expansion of the digital economy and the promotion of the digital transformation of market entities have become an unstoppable development trend. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan，the Chinese government has successively introduced and implemented a package of policies and measures aimed at promoting digital transformation，such as the Internet Power，Broadband China，and the "Internet +" Action Plan，big data，artificial intelligence and blockchain. Especially the 14th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the Republic of China and the Outline of the 2035 Vision Goal focuses on promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy and creating a good digital ecology. This shows that digitalization is playing an irreplaceable role in building a new power engine and promoting industrial transformation and upgrading. As the most representative micro-subjects in the economic system，enterprises play an important mission in promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization. For this reason，it is worth asking how much market value companies can create by implementing costly digital transformation strategies，and whether there are differences in the value created by companies with different attributes through digital transformation. Can digital transformation affect enterprise value creation through indirect mechanisms such as backfeeding technological innovation，improving the allocation of factors，and reducing business risks? It is necessary to systematically analyze and discuss all the above-mentioned issues to objectively judge the pros and cons of the digital transformation of enterprises. In view of this，this article takes Shanghai and Shenzhen listed companies as the research object，clarifies the internal relationship between digital transformation and corporate risk taking through a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical testing. It explores the heterogeneous characteristics and mechanisms of digital transformation affecting corporate risk taking so as to deepen the theoretical understanding of the economic consequences of the digital transformation of micro entities under the background of the Chinese system，and provide a scientific reference for mobilizing the enthusiasm of enterprises for digital transformation and stimulating the vitality of market entities.#br#Based on literature and theoretical analysis，this article starts with the digital transformation of micro-economic entities，examines the mechanism path through which digital transformation affects corporate risk-taking. Based on the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2007 to 2019，this paper collects the key words of "digital transformation" in the enterprise annual report with the help of crawler technology，creatively depicts the intensity of enterprise digital transformation，and empirically tests the impact of digital transformation on enterprise risk taking and its channel mechanism. It is found that the digital transformation of enterprises has an important impact on the level of enterprise risk. Specifically，the digital transformation of enterprises can significantly increase the level of risk-taking，and achieve an increase in their own financial stability. The heterogeneity test results show that the digital transformation of enterprises has a significant effect on the risk-taking level of state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises，especially for state-owned enterprises，and it also has a significant positive effect on the improvement of financial stability. It does not show the characteristics of differentiation; while the digital transformation of enterprises has a significant role in promoting the level of risk-taking of high-tech companies，but does not have a statistically significant impact on the level of risk-taking of non-high-tech companies; digital transformation has a positive effect on the financial stability of these two types of companies，but it has not shown significant asymmetric effects. From the perspective of channel mechanism identification and inspection，the digital transformation of enterprises can effectively improve the level of internal control of the enterprise，reduce the environmental uncertainty faced by the enterprise，and improve the profitability of the enterprise. The above findings and conclusions help enterprises improve the level of enterprise risk acceptance，and at the same time improve their financial stability. It is suggested that future research should further find out the more direct and effective mdiated variables connecting the application of digital technology and the level of enterprise risk taking to open the black box between the two，and conduct deeper research on the transmission mechanism.#br#

Digital technology has empowered the overall economy, but there are still many traditional non-Internet enterprises that take conventional production factors as the core driving force. Under the dual influence of global digitalization and COVID-19, enterprises with the organizational development paths relying on non-digitalization are stuck. This paper argues that only by developing information technology capacity and taking digital transformation as well as digital innovation can these enterprises cope with the destructive challenges of digitization and obtain digital dividends. Digital transformation and digital innovation have emerged as emerging research topics in recent years, and most of the existing research focuses on theoretical construction and the exploration of case studies. However, little literature studies the path mechanism of digital transformation and digital innovation, especially since it is still an unexplored research topic for non-IT companies from developing information technology utilization capabilities to obtaining digital innovation performance. Different from Internet companies, many traditional non-Internet firms(non-IT firms in short) mainly rely on follow-up investment to obtain digital resources, but how to effectively use IT resources and obtain digital innovation performance is still a difficult problem for academia and managers in non-Internet firms.#br#Scholars who study technological innovation based on a resource-based view believe that enterprises should take into account social and technological factors in innovation, and excessive bias towards either of the two factors will make enterprises unable to acquire technology. As a result, in order to differentiate themselves from competitors, non-IT firms must effectively match their IT resources and social resources. Existing research has verified the effectiveness of enterprise IT capabilities to localize the development of enterprise information technology resources and improve business process digitization. As a technical factor, IT capability has a certain positive effect on non-IT firms developing IT resources for digital transformation and digital innovation. However, for non-IT firms, a single technical capability cannot ensure that they obtain high digital innovation dividends. The application of digital technologies for digital transformation and digital innovation is undoubtedly a radical organizational change for non-IT firms, and it transcends their traditional organizational action boundaries and brings many challenges such as competitive logic, institutional complexity and legitimacy. The institutional theory believes that any organizational action and operation are subject to social expectations and social identity. Scholars who study the digital transformation of enterprises from the perspective of institutional theory regard the digital transformation of enterprises as the combined effect of several digital innovations, and they believe that these new innovations have brought about changes or substitutions in the organizations and industries. The digital transformation and digital innovation activities of non-IT firms undoubtedly face many legal obstacles, but few studies deeply explore how they can cross the legitimate threshold and obtain digital innovation performance in digitalization, so this paper attempts to open this "black box".#br#By integrating the theories of resource-based view and institutional theory, this study constructs a theoretical model of non-internet firms’ IT capability, digital transformation, organizational legitimacy and digital innovation performance. To verify the theoretical model, it further uses linear regression analysis and Bootstrap analysis with 275 samples from non-IT firms. The results show that IT capability and the application of digital technology in digital transformation have a positive impact on these firms’ digital innovation performance; digital transformation has a mediating effect on the relationship between IT capability and digital innovation performance; and organizational legitimacy further moderates the mediating effect of digital transformation on IT capability and digital innovation performance.#br#The main contribution of this study is integrating the resource-based view and institutional theory to explore how non-Internet enterprises match their technological resources and social resources to obtain digital innovation performance, while existing literature mostly discusses the different influences of enterprise resources on their digital innovation from a single theoretical perspective. Besides, this paper explores the digitalization process of non-IT firms based on their uniqueness, and combines theoretical and empirical methods to explore how these firms solve the dual obstacles of insufficient technology application ability and social recognition of digital transformation and digital innovation.#br#

In recent years, with the rise of the Industrial Internet, various industrial Internet platforms have emerged, such as Alibaba supET platform, Aerospace Cloud Network and Genyun. There are currently more than 70 platforms. As an important industrial infrastructure, the industrial Internet platform enables the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. As the core of resource empowerment in empowerment theory, data empowerment based on the industrial Internet platform ( platform data empowerment) has become an important driving force for the digital transformation of traditional manufacturing enterprises. Platform data empowerment means that the industrial Internet platform provides intelligent data support for manufacturing enterprises by collecting a large amount of operational data and using new-generation digital technologies such as big data and cloud computing. However, what is the internal mechanism of platform data empowerment acting on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises? So far, this question has rarely been touched. Therefore, based on the empowerment theory and absorptive capacity, this paper creatively incorporates platform data empowerment into the factors affecting the digital transformation of enterprises.#br#This study selects the traditional manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, Shandong Peninsula and Guizhou as the research objects, and obtains 239 valid questionnaires. It constructs a multiple linear regression model and uses the structural equation software MPLUS7.0 to verify the hypothesis.#br#The results show that the three sub-dimensions of platform data empowerment,i.e.,platform connection capability, platform intelligence capability and platform analysis capability all have significant positive impacts on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between platform connection ability, platform intelligence ability, platform analysis ability and the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises; digital orientation positively regulates the relationship between absorptive capacity and digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises; digital orientation positively regulates the relationship between platform connectivity and digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, but the moderating role in the relationship among platform intelligence capabilities, platform analysis capabilities and digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises is not significant; digital orientation positively regulates the promotion effect of platform connection ability on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises through absorptive capacity, but the moderating effect of platform intelligence ability and analytical ability on the promotion of enterprise digital transformation through absorptive capacity is not significant.#br#Different from the previous literature, this study innovatively extends the empowerment theory to the new situation of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises for theoretical and empirical analysis, and discusses platform data empowerment and its sub-dimensions (platform connection capability, platform intelligence capability, platform analysis capability). It is found that they have positive impacts on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, thus further enriching the research on the antecedents of the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. By introducing the intermediary mechanism of absorptive capacity, this study discusses the role of platform data empowerment and its sub-dimensions in the digital transformation of enterprises, and empirically finds that absorptive capacity plays an important intermediary role in the relationship between platform data empowerment and enterprise digital transformation. A theoretical explanation is given on the path mechanism of platform data empowerment acting on the digital transformation of enterprises. Therefore it is suggested that manufacturing enterprises should incorporate industrial Internet platform into their enterprise development plans to enable the digital transformation of enterprises, speed up their adaptation to the specific requirements of industrial Internet platforms, and support corresponding digital infrastructure and related data resources to accelerate enterprise digital transformation. Meanwhile whether the conclusions are also applicable to all manufacturing enterprises with digital transformation needs to be verified and amended by future research. It is also suggested that future study could incorporate organizational agility, utilization learning, failure learning, utilization innovation, value co creation and other variables into the research model to explore the mechanism and boundary conditions of platform data empowerment on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises from a more comprehensive perspective.#br#

Scholars believe that it can effectively promote the growth of enterprises by embedding them in the global value chain (GVC). However, with the trend of anti-globalization thought in some developed countries, more and more enterprises are encountering with difficulties of growth. Developing countries seek to integrate into the global division of labor to achieve continuous economic growth, followed by the suppression and blockade of large international enterprises. The income is plundered by price discrimination from leading enterprises, and thus local enterprises are locked in the low-end link of the value chain because their labor, knowledge and other factors have not been improved. Therefore, it is worthy of research on how to build a dual value chain between GVC and regional-value chain(RVC) with effective coupling, and balance participation in global division of labor and regional development to achieve innovative growth. Based on this, the paper takes the representative enterprises of the digital economy as research objects and focuses on the action mechanism of value chain embedding in innovation from the perspective of digitization. Then it explores the role of enterprise digitization in this path and offers proposals such as building collaborative networks and improving innovation performance for enterprises.#br#The data are mainly derived from a questionnaire. The research group visited and investigated representative enterprises of the digital economy in Xi 'an City, including Shaanxi Blower (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi 'an Samsung Electronics Research Institute, Xi 'an AJU Grain and Oil Industry Group, and Dongling Group Research objects are concentrated in high-tech enterprises in Shaanxi Province, involving aerospace, high-end equipment manufacturing, non-ferrous metal smelting, new energy, new materials, etc.#br#On the basis of 208 valid questionnaires, this study completes the empirical analysis and finds that, firstly, enterprises embedded into the value chain and innovation are not simply linear. It can realize the sudden increase in innovation in the short term by absorbing spillover effects and obtaining innovation resources in the value chain. However, it will inhibit enterprise innovation and even lead to its stagnation by relying only on the value chain in the long term. Secondly, enterprises embed themselves into the value chain to share technology spillovers and knowledge spillovers, gather innovation elements and realize that technology upgrading will induce frequent "free riding" behavior in the long run, resulting in the stagnation of enterprise informatization, digitization and intelligence. Thirdly, the cultivation of an enterprise digital capability system promotes enterprises to identify transformation opportunities, integrate digital resources. And then, it finally realizes the significant compression of risks and costs, so as to enhance the success rate of innovation. Fourthly, enterprise digitization acts as an mediator between value chain embedding and innovation, presenting the mediation mechanism of value chain embedding, enterprise digitization and innovation performance. Fifthly, organizational resilience plays a moderating effect among value chain embedding, enterprise digitization and innovation performance. Enterprises should pay more attention to the cultivation of organizational resilience, learn from risks and identify growth opportunities, so as to promote the improvement of enterprise innovation quality.#br#The study makes the following contribution. First, the existing research on value chain embedding focuses on the discussion of a single embedded value chain. While this study focuses on the impact of enterprises’ embedding into the dual value chain at the global and regional levels on innovation performance from the digital perspective. It not only enriches the innovation path of enterprises in the digital context, but also has guiding significance for enterprises to build a collaborative network to promote the digital process. Second, the three sub-dimensions of digital connection, data integration and intelligent decision-making are incorporated into the enterprise digital capability system, so as to promote enterprises to use digital technology and cultivate digital capability systems in the digital context, identify opportunities and integrate digital resources, and improve the success rate and transformation rate of innovation. In addition, it also discusses the moderating role of organizational resilience in value chain embedding, enterprise digitization and innovation performance. Organizational resilience helps enterprises improve their crisis response abilities, actively participate in the digitization process, and finally improve the quality of enterprise innovation in the complex, dynamic and rapidly changing environment under the impact of digitization.#br#

Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign investment strategy of ‘exchanging market for technology’ has effectively improved the production capacity and technical level of domestic enterprises. But to a considerable extent, some core links of the industrial chain are controlled by foreign-funded enterprises, resulting in a certain gap between domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises in key technologies. Only by promoting the independent innovation of local enterprises can China fundamentally deal with the dilemma of core technologies being controlled by other countries. The original intention of the development of venture capital is to serve the R&D innovation and value reengineering of enterprises. At the same time, some domestic research have pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the system and mechanism, and strengthen the support of the capital market for scientific and technological innovation. Therefore, venture capital should play an important role in China's key technological breakthroughs.#br#The research of this paper stems from the following practical problems: on the one hand, although the number of patent applications in China has doubled, the number of invention patents is still far lower than the number of utility model patent applications and design patent applications. On the other hand, the amount of venture capital in China has increased from 5.401 billion yuan in 2000 to 374.946 billion yuan in 2020, and the number of venture capital cases has also increased from 226 in 2000 to 1,393 in 2020. The importance of venture capital has become increasingly prominent. However, whether venture capital can substantially enhance the innovation capability of Chinese enterprises remains to be further verified.#br#Theoretically, the reasons for the lack of key technologies in China include insufficient investment during the technology's lifetime. Venture capital can alleviate the externality of innovation financing from capital appreciation and innovation tendency, thus providing an opportunity to solve the problem of a lack of key technologies. However, venture capital institutions may ‘grab’ innovative achievements of enterprises through ownership substitution, financial tunnels or operating tunnels, thereby inhibiting key technological innovations. Therefore, there is uncertainty about the effect of venture capital on key technological innovation of enterprises. In order to solve the above problems to a certain extent, this paper further considers the patent protection.#br#This paper constructs an enterprise innovation behavior decision-making model that considers venture capital and distinguishes key technological innovations from non-key technological innovations based on the theoretical framework of Dessi & Yin (2011). In addition, the administrative protection of patent rights is added to the model to make it more practical. The model is deduced as follows: firstly, based on the principal-agent theory, it constructs the basic framework of the decision-making model of enterprise innovation behavior involving investment institutions; secondly, the project profit function is optimized and compared; finally, this paper introduces the administrative protection of patent rights to analyze whether it can effectively enhance the role of venture capital in promoting key technological innovation, and try to explore the impact of regional heterogeneity of venture capital on key technological innovation of enterprises. In addition, this paper also selects all A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2020 as research samples for empirical testing. It is found that venture capital has a positive effect on corporate innovation as a whole, but its impact on corporate innovation behavior of different technology types is different. Specifically, on the one hand, venture capital can significantly promote non-key technological innovation of enterprises; on the other hand there is regional heterogeneity in the promotion of key technological innovation. The promotion of venture capital on key technological innovation is more significant in the eastern and northeastern regions than in the western and central regions. In addition, it can improve the positive impact of venture capital on key technological innovations by strengthening the administrative protection of patent rights.#br#This paper suggests improving the innovation promotion efficiency of venture capital and strengthening industry standard management, the relevant laws and regulations on patent protection, and optimizing the innovation environment of enterprises. It is also important to actively guide and encourage enterprises to innovate behaviors, and cultivate enterprise innovation awareness.#br#

At present, China is committed to building an innovative country, and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises are the most innovative entities. However, they are confronted with great financing difficulties and in urgent need of financial resources to promote scientific and technological innovation. Most technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises lack tangible assets and suffer from low credit, making it difficult to get loans from financial institutions. However many technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises possess intellectual property. If they can make full use of intellectual property financing, the financing dilemmas of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises will be largely alleviated. Intellectual property securitization can help technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises make full use of intellectual property and obtain financing at a lower cost, and enable them to continue to use intellectual property while financing, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The large scale of intellectual property in China and the strong demand in the securitization market provide sufficient basic conditions for the implementation of intellectual property securitization. But there is still room for improvement in the intellectual property intermediary service market, policies and regulations, and thus intellectual property securitization may have potential legal risks. This paper explores the risk diversification mechanism of intellectual property securitization from the perspective of product design in the Chinese context in the hope of promoting the development of intellectual property securitization, providing theoretical support for technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises in financing, and accelerating China's innovation development. #br#This paper selects the first serial of products as the typical cases, for each product is born in a long time of preparation with milestone significance. The cases are divided into four modes. By adopting the method of multi-case study, it compares and analyzes the design schemes of risk diversification mechanism in typical cases. The results show that the intellectual property securitization products for small and medium-sized technology enterprises should not only bear the risks of traditional asset securitization products, but also bear the risks brought by the characteristics of intellectual property. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a multi-layered risk diversification mechanism design for effective risk management. The four typical cases adopt a five-layer risk diversification mechanism design. The first layer selects the technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises and their intellectual property; the second layer sets up a guarantee mechanism for the underlying assets; the third layer classifies securities into senior and junior types；the fourth layer achieves excess cash flow coverage; the fifth layer introduces the difference payment promiser. The five-layer risk diversification mechanism is well designed to improve the market attractiveness of securitized products.#br#There are four suggestions accordingly. The first is to improve the intellectual property licensing market and reduce intellectual property risks. China should strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, improve the licensing market of intellectual property rights, disperse the risks of intellectual property rights as basic assets, and promote the development of intellectual property securitization. The second is to establish and improve the legal system for intellectual property securitization and disperse the risks of securitization. The third is to improve the credit investigation system and the credit level of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. China needs to use key technologies such as big data to improve the credit reporting system of science and technology SMEs, design reasonable indicators to evaluate the credit level of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, and increase their credit level, so as to better carry out intellectual property securitization activities. Lastly it is necessary to formulate the operation documents of intellectual property securitization, organize relevant training, and popularize the knowledge of intellectual property securitization. This paper enriches the related papers on the design of the risk diversification mechanism of intellectual property securitization; moreover,it can help the practice of intellectual property securitization in China by analyzing the risk diversification mechanism of intellectual property securitization.#br#

New infrastructure construction shoulders the multiple tasks of stabilizing growth, adjusting structure, benefiting people's livelihood and promoting innovation, and plays an important role in China's economic development. Under the continuous impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, new infrastructure construction provides a strong impetus for the national technological innovation and high-quality economic development. The new infrastructure, embedded in the process of modernization of the national governance system, is mutually supportive and interdependent with the technological innovation system. The current literatures mainly focus on the one-way transmission mechanism of new infrastructure construction to technological innovation, but seldom pay attention to the coupling mechanism between the two systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the synergistic development relationship between new infrastructure construction and technological innovation by empirical methods.#br#The new infrastructurecon struction and technological innovation are closely related and mutually supportive.On the basis of the coupling mechanism of the two systems, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed. The new infrastructure construction system includes 15 indicators in three dimensions: information infrastructure, integrated infrastructure and innovative infrastructure. Technological innovation system covers 16 indicators in four dimensions: innovation environment, innovation input, innovation output and innovation performance. The study analyzes the evolution characteristics of the spatial-temporal pattern of the coupling and coordination of the two systems in China's 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in mainland China(Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan excluded) from 2013 to 2020, using the entropy method, coupling coordination evaluation model, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and standard deviation ellipse model.#br#The results show that firstly both the comprehensive index of new infrastructure investment level and technological innovation capability have been increasing year by year, showing a gradient decreasing pattern from east to west. Secondly the degree of coupling and coordination between new infrastructure investment level and technological innovation capability in various provinces has risen, but a good coupling development situation has not yet been formed, among which more than half of the provinces and cities are of coupling imbalance type. Thirdly the degree of coupling and coordination between new infrastructure investment level and technological innovation capability has a remarkable positive spatial correlation, which is manifested as the high-value agglomeration area in the east and the low-value agglomeration area in the west. Lastly the spatial distribution of coupling coordination degree is unbalanced. From 2013 to 2020, the standard deviation ellipse of the national coupling coordination degree was distributed from northeast to southwest, and the center of gravity moved to the southeast as a whole, with significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. #br#This paper analyzes the coupling mechanism between new infrastructure investment level and technological innovation capability from both theoretical and empirical aspects, and puts forward some suggestions for reference. First, the government should formulate differentiated policies to promote the development of new infrastructure construction. Second, it is critical to enhance the regional innovation level, as a way to strengthen the role of technological innovation to support the new infrastructure. Third, governments at different levels should make overall plans and optimize the coupling and coordination quality between the new infrastructure investment level and technological innovation capability. Finally, it is urgent to consider how to improve the coupling and coordination between the new infrastructure investment level and technological innovation capability from a multi-scale perspective. The eastern region should continue to promote the circulation of resources, technology, talents and other elements, and give full play to its radiation and driving effect on surrounding provinces and cities. For the central region with the second highest degree of coupling and coordination, it should strive to improve the independent innovation ability to support the development of new infrastructure. For the northeast region with a low degree of coupling and coordination, it should strengthen the innovation of system and mechanism, adjust the industrial structure and give consideration to innovation driven and regional coordinated development. For the western region with the lowest coupling coordination, it is necessary to give consideration to the coordinated development of traditional infrastructure and new infrastructure, seize the construction opportunities of the "the Belt and Road" to strengthen regional innovation and exchange, and steadily promote regional sustainable development.#br#

With the complex transformation of the global economy, the innovation paradigm has entered the innovation ecosystem 3.0 period. It is vital to figure out how to accelerate the improvement of regional innovation output level and regional innovation level based on the new innovation ecosystem so as to promote the sustainable development of regional economy, industrial transformation and upgrading, and effective improvement of market competitiveness. The RIES system is an important carrier to promote regional innovation and development, economic and environmental synergy and symbiosis, because of its diversity and superiority of species at the component element level, its clustering of resources at the resource element level, its adaptability and friendliness at the environmental element level, and its dynamic and mutually beneficial symbiosis at the interactive behavior level. More and more government departments are committed to building a high-level RIES system. The structure evolution, innovation performance and efficiency evaluation of RIES system have also attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad.Previous studies have shown that RIES system presents the characteristics of self-organization evolution. It is a typical complex system and has a periodically changing dissipative structure. It is necessary to deeply analyze its evolution and changing laws from the perspective of the dynamic change of system structure. Therefore, from the perspective of symbiosis theory, this paper analyzes the evolution law of the dissipative structure of RIES system, depicts the interaction relationship between multiple subjects in the system and between resource input and system environment based on the ecological characteristics of symbiosis unit, structure and mode, network and environment, , which is of great significance to the rational allocation of innovation resources, the promotion of multi subject cooperation, and the acceleration of the optimization and adjustment of regional innovation structure. It is essential for the realization of the integration and improvement of regional innovation efficiency and capability.#br#On the basis of the scientific transfer, Brusselator, a classic model in dissipative structure theory, has been transplanted into the evolution analysis of RIES system. At the same time, by combining symbiosis theory and focusing on such ecological characteristics as symbiotic unit, structure and mode, network and environment, etc., this study constructs an “innovation investment—symbiotic environment” factor index system and forms judgement criteria for dissipative structure. It further applies the“overall entropy—catastrophe progression” evaluation model to present the process of dissipative evolution of the system. By constructing a decision model for the dissipative structure of the RIES system, the study conducts an empirical study of dissipative evolution of RIES system in China’s four major national urban agglomerations and nearby provinces from 2013 to 2020. #br#Empirical research analysis has found that (1) the regional innovation ecosystems in China's four major urban agglomerations and adjacent provinces have the characteristics of openness, nonlinear coupling, far away from equilibrium, fluctuation and so on, and have the prerequisite for the formation of dissipative structures; (2) the dissipative evaluation value of the sample points is evolving positively, and the system is gradually evolving to a dissipative structure, for during 2015-2020, the innovation environment (economy, market and Technology) of the four major urban agglomerations and adjacent provinces has been significantly improved, which has a positive role in promoting the regional innovation vitality and the transformation of innovation achievements; (3) the dissipative evolution distribution of the regional innovation ecosystem in the sample points continues to develop in the direction of "high regional innovation investment—high regional innovation environment". #br#According to the results of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the healthy development of China's regional innovation ecosystem by building a regional innovation center, improving the collaborative system and mechanism, cultivating enterprise subjects and forming a virtuous circle.#br#

As the "new engine" of economic development, the service industry has become an important force driving the dual-cycle development at home and abroad. China's trade in services far exceeds that of the UK, Germany and other countries, and has ranked second in the world for eight years in a row. Although the overall proportion of China's service industry has increased in recent years, there is still a big gap between China's industrial development and that of developed countries. At present, the supply of producer services supporting industrial upgrading and high-quality consumer services driving demand growth is obviously insufficient. The problem of relatively low productivity has not been fundamentally changed. The innovative city construction, as an important measure to promote the goal of "leading innovative countries" in China, plays a key role in industrial upgrading and innovation driving. There is great guiding significance for the high-quality development of service industry and the construction of an innovation-oriented country by accurately evaluating the effect and mechanism of the construction of innovation-oriented cities .#br#Taking approved innovation-oriented cities as the research object, this study matches the panel data of China's prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2020 with the data of A-share listed service enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen, and then constructs a multi-period differential model to study the impact of innovative city construction on the total factor productivity of service enterprises. First, this paper examines whether pilot policies can promote the productivity of listed service enterprises, and focuses on the time-delay and dynamic characteristics of innovative city construction. Secondly, the number of universities and night light index in history are used as instrumental variables to test the robustness of the benchmark conclusions. This study also tries to explore the main paths through which the pilot policy can affect the productivity improvement of service enterprises. Finally, according to the differences between the characteristics of enterprises and cities, it analyzes the differential impact of innovative city construction on the total factor productivity of service enterprises.#br#The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Compared with non-pilot cities, the construction of innovative cities is more conducive to the improvement of total factor productivity of service enterprises in pilot cities. After the robustness tests, such as the instrumental variable test, year-to-year matching test and placebo test, this conclusion remains valid. Besides, the innovative city construction has time-delay and long-term dynamic. (2) The mechanism test results show that the construction of innovation-oriented cities can boost the production efficiency of service enterprises in pilot cities by improving the capital allocation efficiency of service enterprises and improving the technological innovation level of service enterprises. Meanwhile,the innovative city construction can also improve the total factor productivity of service enterprises by accelerating the agglomeration of service industry in pilot cities and the collaborative agglomeration of service industry and manufacturing industry. (3) The heterogeneity results based on firm characteristics show that the policy effect of knowledge-intensive service enterprises and enterprises with low financing constraints is relatively obvious. In terms of the regional differences of service enterprises, innovative city construction has a strong policy effect on service enterprises in coastal cities and areas with a higher legal level.#br#Accurate evaluation of the effects of innovative city construction is of great guiding significance for China to become one of the most innovative countries by 2030. It also provides important inspiration for how to achieve high-quality development of China's service industry at the present stage. According to the research conclusion, this paper puts forward three countermeasures and suggestions. First, in order to give play to the role of resource agglomeration and talent and technology innovation in the construction of innovation-oriented cities, the government should actively foster an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem in pilot cities to achieve breakthroughs in generic technologies and key technologies. Second, it is essential to improve the financial support system and property rights protection measures. Local governments need to provide sound investment and financing channels for the development of the service sector and encourage healthy innovative competition among enterprises. Third, Chinese local governments and micro enterprises need to take advantage of the Internet and digitalization to promote the synergistic agglomeration of service industry and manufacturing industry.#br#