Venture capital is considered to be a form of capital that is most compatible with technological innovation.As a new equity financing method, it can not only provide amounts of capitals for enterpreneurs, but also provide non-capital value-added services, such as technology, management, guidance and certification for startups.From this perspective, VC plays an important role in promoting scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, as well as supporting the development of high-tech enterprises.The development of venture capital started in 1980s in China.In 1985, the "Decision on the Reform of the Science and Technology System" first proposed the concept of "venture investment".Subsequently, China's first venture capital institution (China New Technology Venture Capital Corporation) was established driven by government.In comparison, China's high-tech venture capital started late, but development rapidly, and it has become an important driving force for the rapid development of China's high-tech industry in recent years.
The existing studies have shown that in order to reduce information asymmetry and transaction costs, venture capital has spatial agglomeration characteristics.For example, in the United Kingdom, venture capital is highly concentrated in London and the developed cities in southeastern England.In the United States, venture capital activities are mostly concentrated in large cities such as New York, San Francisco and Boston.In China, venture capital activities are concentrated in three central cities Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.The spatial agglomeration of venture capital will not only affect the development of a country or region's venture capital industry, but also affect the technological innovation of high-tech enterprises which is closely related to it.In this context, clarifying the historical evolution and spatial distribution of China's high-tech venture capital in the past 20 years is of great significance to the steady development of venture capital and the rational allocation of venture capital resources.
This paper takes China's high-tech venture capital as the research object to analyze the development and spatial agglomeration characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital.It aims to analyze the following three issues:(1)the historical evolution of China's high-tech venture capital;(2)the industry distribution of China's high-tech venture capital;(3)the spatial distribution characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital and the relative importance of cities in the venture capital network.By answering the above questions will help clarify the development characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital industry, it provides reference for our country to support the development of high-tech venture capital and promote the development of high-tech industries under the new era.
We used the data of high-tech venture capital transaction in China from the Thomson one database which provides venture capital transaction data occurred in mainland of China (VC firms and companys are both located in mainland China).In addition, we also used social network analysis methods such as network density and network centrality to analyze the overall structural evolution characteristics of China's urban venture capital network and the performance of major city nodes in the network.The results show that in the past 20 years China's high-tech venture capital has experienced four development stages: incubation, rapid development, steady adjustment and rational regulation; High-tech fields such as the Internet, new energy, computer software and services are focused by venture capital; China's high-tech venture capital has obvious urban agglomeration characteristics, the venture capital resources of the invested cities are more concentrated compared with venture capital acceptance cities; The links between high-tech venture capital transactions between Chinese cities are not tight, and the venture capital network presents an obvious "central-peripheral" structure; Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are typical capital-intensive venture capital cities, while Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Wuhan are typical technology-intensive venture capital cities.
What needs to be pointed out is that this paper inevitably has some limitations: for example,it excludes non-high-tech venture capital events, in other words,it only analyzes the spatial distribution and network evolution characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital, this may be somewhat different from the overall characteristics of China's venture capital development.In addition, this paper provides an interpretive explanation of the reasons for the formation of network evolution characteristics, without further empirical testing.All of these need to be further study.

The low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements has always been a weak link restricting the efficiency and quality of national scientific and technological innovation.The development and promotion of new technology requires investment in establishing and developing commercial market, aligning legal system with new technology, and improving legality and public acceptance of the technology.Therefore, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the laboratory verification results of scientific and technological achievements and the development of industrial scale trial production, but also to reduce the risks and uncertainties of market, organization and system in the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.The transformation of scientific and technological achievements requires laboratory verification, industrial-scale trial production and commercial scale demonstration.Commercial scale demonstration is an important part of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which determines the success of the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.Commercial scale demonstration is in the final stage of diffusion.It can shorten the specific technology from prototype development, trial production, industrial application to commercial application.It aims to establish a factory closer to commercial scale, create and test demonstration activities on the value chain to assist the introduction to upstream and downstream technology markets, and verify the commercialization feasibility of new technologies or products by accumulating operational experience, stimulating innovation, maximizing performance, reducing cost, improving efficiency, and gaining user knowledge and experience.
Previous studies on commercial scale demonstration focused on the role of demonstration function on innovation, while there was a lack of clear cognition on how to improve the effect of commercial-scale demonstration, and few studies on the role of enterprises in this process.Learning is a skill necessary for new technologies to bridge the valley of death between basic R&D and commercialization.The advancement of scientific and technological achievements to the stage of commercial scale demonstration requires not only learning technical knowledge, but also non-technical knowledge such as markets and policies.However, the expansion of scale and the increase of actors make acquiring and using knowledge far from easy.Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effective learning process and learning strategies in commercial scale demonstration.There is a direct connection between "Learning-by-using" and "Learning-by-interacting" and commercial scale demonstration, and two types of learning can reduce operating costs, reduce risk, and increase proprietary knowledge.In addition, the high-investment, high-risk characteristics of commercial scale demonstration can easily lead to market failure, and the lack of government policy support can weaken technology adoption and slow down the market department's speed, so governments need to build Bridges across the "valley of death".Therefore, based on the theory of organizational learning and institutional theory, the influence of organizational learning and government policy support on commercial scale demonstration was explored to provide reference for the S&T achievement transformation project of enterprise management into commercial scale demonstration.
Six hypotheses were proposed based on a conceptual model that drives the effective operation of the commercial scale demonstration.Then the scale was designed and a predictive test was carried out to ensure the stability of the structure and content of the scale.A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted using three questionnaires, and 312 valid questionnaires were eventually collected.
The results show that: (1) Both "learning-by-using" and "learning-by-interacting" in organizational learning facilitate commercial scale demonstration positively, while learning-by-interacting has a stronger impact; (2) Government policy support not only positively influences commercial scale demonstration but also positively adjusts the relationship between learning-by-interacting and commercial scale demonstration; (3) There are differences in different scale, nature and regional enterprises' commercial scale demonstration and government policy support.This study will help to clarify the influence mechanism of organizational learning and government policy support in commercial scale demonstration, and suggest the importance of the combination of enterprise R&D, organizational learning and government policy support to improve the quality and efficiency of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.In addition, this research has three practical impacts:first, companies must pays attention to the role of learning-by-interacting in the commercial scale demonstration stage.By integrating resources and building a commercial scale demonstration communication platform, it promotes knowledge flow and feedback among actors, gathers complementary knowledge from suppliers, potential customers, and investors to produce knowledge spillover effects, and jointly solves the problems in commercial scale demonstrations.Second, companies need to actively strive for government policy support to give play to the positive external effects of commercial scale demonstrations.Third, the goverment should give full play to the leading role of large enterprises in commercial scale demonstrations, and give priority attention to them through policy support.It is necessary for the government to investigate the needs, characteristics and problems of enterprises of different sizes and regions in the commercial scale demonstration, so as to formulate practical sustainable support policies.

Nowadays, we have entered the era of coupling the knowledge economy and big data think tanks, and the demand for innovation-driven is stronger and eager.In the process of innovation and practice of high-tech enterprises under the Chinese cultural background, due to a series of negative factors such as the intertwined network structure, the intricate network relationship, the need to improve the big data system, and the insufficient knowledge think tank platform, the innovation driving effect is not satisfactory.It is urgent to apply specific tools such as big data collaborative knowledge think tanks, network mosaics, knowledge spirals and network power to innovative practices.At the same time, corporate scientific research teams are also facing unprecedented tests and challenges.The key issue is how to use innovation-driven as an important engine, seamlessly connect the three technologies of network integration, knowledge spiral management, and big data think tank construction and exert their best effects to accelerate the construction of China's innovation system.
There are three shortcomings in the existing research.First of all, the embedding methods of social networks include two types: structural mode and relational mode.Most scholars believe that these two types are separate and independent.Different network embedding modes have different impacts on innovative behavior.Therefore, mainstream research regards the two modes as different.It is an independent factor and if one of the mode is explored, the overall analysis effect is likely to be concealed.Secondly, in the intertwined network framework, the logical action path of the organizational network connection method on the innovation process is not pure and direct.It will inevitably be affected positively or negatively by other external factors, even though a small number of scholars have paid attention to knowledge management.The key value is in the social network, but the existing research results only focus on a single link or partial stage in the knowledge management, ignoring the overall process of the knowledge spiral cycle.Finally, in terms of research perspectives, existing research rarely discusses the influence mechanism of power.However, the network power that has gradually emerged in the evolution of social networks demonstrates the characteristics of dominance, authority, rewards and punishments, and only in a timely, appropriate, and appropriate manner.Only by exercising network power can network behavior be effectively regulated, and finally a virtuous circle of network order can be realized.Therefore, network power is also a factor to be investigated.
There are four aspects of innovation in this research.First, the structural mode and relational mode of network mosaic are integrated, taking into account the overall effects and individual effects of the two mosaic types, in-depth discussion of the two branches of network mosaic theory research, and further the two nesting methods are compared for innovation-driven differentiated performance of influence mechanism.Secondly, in order to highlight the dynamic transmission characteristics of the knowledge spiral, the knowledge value chain model is introduced, namely connection, internalization, socialization, and externalization, to interpret the knowledge spiral operation system and circulation mechanism, and for the first time the three-dimensional knowledge spiral transformation process is mapped.Third, with the help of the innovation value chain model, namely the three steps of creativity generation, creativity transformation, and creativity diffusion, the in-depth explanation of the connotation concept, extensional nature, operation process and operation mechanism of innovation-driven, the continuous characteristics of innovation-driven are characterized, at the same time, the effectiveness of innovation-driven in the value-added and creative evolution of the value chain is interpreted in detail.Finally, from the perspective of knowledge spiral and network power, combined with the examples of scientific research teams of high-tech manufacturing incubation enterprises in 16 provinces and cities in China, this paper tests the intermediary effect of knowledge spiral in the logical path of network incentive and innovation drive, and further explores the network.Power is proved to have a positive regulatory effect on the mediating effect.
The management enlightenment of this study is as follows.First of all, incubating companies should straighten out the characteristics of the network's embedded attributes, make full use of the existing network capital and competitive advantages, and maximize its effectiveness in the development of innovation-driven ideas, the transformation of scientific research, and the diffusion of results.Secondly, incubating companies should establish knowledge management awareness, clarify the knowledge spiral operation process and transformation mechanism, clarify the scope of research and development functions of scientific research teams, and efficiently enhance knowledge creation capabilities and value appreciation capabilities.Finally, from the perspective of network power, incubating companies should formulate rigorous and standardized rules and regulations, create an orderly operating environment, and exercise network power in a compliant, sensible, reasonable, timely, appropriate and appropriate manner, and be brave to assume responsibility and be proactive, fulfill obligations and manage network order fairly, efficiently deploy network resources, and couple network relationships.

The development of the A-share investor structure to institutionalization reflects the continuous and in-depth progress of the comprehensive and deep reform of China's capital market， which symbolizes the continuous improvement and maturity of China's capital market. Institutional investors push companies to pay more attention to R&D investment and innovation activities and they are are important forces in China's capital market. The impact on institutional investors on corporate innovation activities is one of the hot topics in academic research. However, current research is focused on the qualitative analysis and extended analysis of the role of institutional investors, and the research on the transmission mechanism of corporate governance is inadequate.
Existing studies have found that companies active in innovation activities tend to be less transparent. This leads to the excessive pursuit of high-risk innovation projects, intensifies the information asymmetry between external investors and the company's management, and leads to low innovation efficiency and even innovation failure. Modern corporate governance theories pointed out that the interdependence and organic combination between all interest members help achieve maximization of the value of the company and the creation of wealth. The size of institutional investors in the capital market makes them more advantageous to obtaining company's information and prefer to identify and invest in the company which has strong innovation capability. On the one hand, the close relationship between the company's performance and investment income enables institutional investors to actively strengthen the process supervision, overcome information asymmetry as well as principal-agent issues and promote the level of corporate governance. On the other hand, institutional investors pay more attention to long-term performance. Institutional investors incentivize management to goal with substantial innovation breakthroughs by tolerating failure of innovation, cost of investment and the short-term performance fluctuations, and create a good environment for enterprises innovation activities.
This paper is based on the 2007—2018 China A-share listed company data set and uses a fixed effects model for empirical testing. It innovatively incorporates corporate governance behaviors such as the effectiveness of internal control and core technical personnel's equity incentives into the theoretical analysis framework of the relationship between institutional investor's shareholding and corporate innovation. In addition, it also explores different impact on institutional investors and corporate heterogeneity on corporate innovation activities. The results show that institutional investors have significantly promoted corporate innovation. The effectiveness of internal control, equity incentives for core technical personnel and management cost control are three important transmission paths for institutional investors to promote enterprise innovation. Further research also finds that strategic institutional investors have a more prominent impact on corporate innovation than financial institutional investors; institutional investors have significantly promoted the innovation of non-state-owned enterprises. However, the impact on the overall innovation of state-owned enterprises is not significant.
Therefore, the capital market needs continuous improvement of multi-level directions and the quality of institutional investors, guiding institutional investors to participate in a larger capital market and introducing professional and high-quality institutional investors as an important supervision force. In addition, the public service department should increase innovation support for small and medium-sized private enterprises and cooperates to promote innovation and cooperation in different industries.
The contribution of the article are mainly on the following aspects. Firstly, the past research suggests the positive role of institutional investors to enterprise innovation activities with the focus on the qualitative discussion on the role of institutional investors. This paper quantitatively analyzes the relationship between institutional investors and corporate innovation performance and reveals the significant role of institutional investors in promoting corporate innovation. Secondly, the research on the transmission mechanism of internal governance levels is inadequate. This paper studies the mechanism of institutional investors acting on enterprise innovation activities from the perspective of corporate governance. Thirdly, the existing research directly discusses the relationship between the institutional shareholding and corporate innovation and has less study in heterogeneous segmentation of institutional investors and company attributes. By exploring the heterogeneity in institutional investors and enterprises, this paper enriches the research on the impact of institutional investors on enterprise innovation from the perspective of corporate governance.

In recent years, China has been stepping up efforts to promote the construction of the national economic circle and the technology innovation-driven strategy to create emerging industrial economic zones and technological innovation platforms of our country.Industrial cluster is a phenomenon that competitive industries, professional suppliers, service providers, manufacturers and related industrial organizations gather in certain fields or regions.Industry clustering puts forward new requirements on the level of technological innovation, thereby driving the continuous upgrading of regional or national technological innovation.Meanwhile, in recent years, informatization construction of our country has been rapidly carried forward.The rapid information diffusion brought by informatization construction has promoted the sharing and exchange of international and domestic knowledge, and has accelerated the flow of information, the diffusion of knowledge, and the interactive integration of knowledge in multiple fields, and has also promoted national or regional technological innovation so that informatization construction, industrial cluster and technological innovation have become important strategies for national development.Therefore, exploring the relationship between information diffusion, industrial cluster and technological innovation performance is greatly significant to the development of national technology and economy.
In order to seek for the main influencing factors of economic development and technological innovation in different regions, the paper explores the relationship between informatization level, industrial cluster, and technological innovation performance.The paper uses China′s regional panel data from 2005 to 2018, and uses VAR model, panel data model, and state space model to analyze the relationship between informationization level, industrial cluster, and technological innovation performance.The paper gathered data come from the China Statistical Yearbook, Qingbo Database, China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook, China Internet Development Report, Wind database, Guotaian CSMAR database, and selected ten medium-sized industries from 2005 to 2018 and relevant indicators for the research object.
The research finds that (1) The change of the marginal influence of industrial agglomeration on technological innovation performance is an inverted U-shaped parabola, and the marginal influence of informatization level on technological innovation performance is increasing.The marginal influence of informatization level on industrial agglomeration shows a linear growth trend, while the change in the marginal influence of technological innovation performance on industrial agglomeration is an inverted U-shaped parabola.(2) The order of the effect of informationization level and industrial agglomeration on technological innovation performance is Eastern, Central, and Western regions, and the impact of informationization levels on technological innovation performance in eastern and central regions is greater than the impact of industrial agglomeration.The impact of industrial agglomeration in the western region on the performance of technological innovation is greater than the impact of informatization level.(3) The order of the effects of informatization level and technological innovation performance on industrial agglomeration is eastern, central, and western regions, and the impact of technological innovation performance on industrial agglomeration in the eastern region is greater than the impact of informationization level.The impact of informatization in the western region on industrial agglomeration is greater than the impact of technological innovation performance.
This paper put information diffusion, industrial cluster and technological innovation in the same theoretical framework as a systemic structure for model construction, analyzed the impulse response and marginal influence of endogenous variables, and analyzed the difference of the influence of various variables in different regions.The research findings had great significance for technological innovation upgrading and industrial development.In theory, it can help to construct a long-term balanced and effective theoretical model of technological innovation and industrial development which agrees with the reality of our country.In practice, the improvement of information diffusion can be used to promote industrial upgrading and drive technological innovation.Technological innovation and industrial cluster can also promote the improvement of regional or national information diffusion.Based on this, we can find the main influencing factors of economic development and technological innovation in specific regions, so as to formulate driving strategies and specific measures that conform to the policy of specific regional economic development and technological innovation.

Digital economy is an extension of the development of information economy and Internet economy.Digital infrastructure based on information and communication technology (ICT), digital technology services, and the economic activity output generated by digital technology constitute the core content of digital economy.Digital economy with digital technology as the core has profoundly changed the process and results of innovation and had an important impact on regional innovation performance.
This paper systematically reveals the promoting effect, the nonlinear impact of marginal increase and the spatial spillover mechanism of digital economy on regional innovation performance.Firstly, on the aspect of the promotion effect of digital economy development on regional innovation performance, digital economy continuously improves the level of regional innovation by driving enterprise innovation, industrial innovation and regional innovation ecosystem.The specific manifestations are as follows: First, the development of digital economy has reshaped the competitive form of enterprises, promoting enterprises to change their organizational management and business model, and form an innovation-oriented management model.At the same time, the development of digital economy also provides favorable technical support for enterprise innovation activities, so as to promote the evolution of enterprises and the improvement of innovation performance in the region.Second, with the deepening integration of digital industry and traditional industry, digital knowledge and data have become key production factors, and the proportion of technology and knowledge in the combination of production factors continues to increase, so the innovation effect is being more and more significant.Third, the development of digital economy has promoted the construction of regional digital infrastructure and the improvement on innovation environment, which is conducive to accelerating the agglomeration of regional innovation resources, promoting innovation cooperation and knowledge spillover among enterprises, and improving the level of regional innovation.
Secondly, digital economy has the characteristics of network externality and a high degree of industrial relevance, and has a non-linear impact of increasing marginal effect on regional innovation performance.On the one hand, the development of digital economy can increase the marginal income of innovative products, enhance the inclusiveness of innovation, and form a marginal increase in regional innovation performance.On the other hand, digital technology has high permeability and industrial relevance.The development of digital economy will trigger a series of chain innovations and form a nonlinear growth of regional innovation output.Therefore, when the development of digital economy exceeds a specific critical level, it will have an increasing marginal effect on regional innovation performance.
Finally, the transformation of platform innovation mode, resource matching mechanism and government governance mode under the digital economy, will enable digital innovation activities to improve resource mismatches, promote the agglomeration of innovation elements, and form the spatial spillover of regional innovation activities.
In terms of empirical research, this paper constructs the regional digital economy index by three dimensions, which are the regional information development, the internet development and the digital transaction level.Based on China's provincial panel data from 2013 to 2018, this paper uses panel fixed effect model, threshold regression and spatial Durbin regression analysis methods, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital economy on regional innovation performance.The results show that the development of digital economy significantly promotes the improvement of regional innovation performance.The development of digital economy has a non-linear effect of increasing marginal effect on regional innovation performance and invention innovation performance; The development of digital economy has a spatial spillover effect on regional innovation performance.Specifically, it has a significant negative impact on innovation performance and non-invention innovation performance in adjacent areas, but has no significant impact on invention innovation performance.
Based on this conclusion, this paper puts forward policy recommendations for accelerating China's regional innovation development under the digital economy.The first is to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote the digital transformation of the economy and society, the second is to create a good digital development environment to promote regional innovation and entrepreneurship; the third is to improve the supervision of the development of the digital economy and build an orderly competitive, open and inclusive innovation pattern.

At present, China's internal and external development environment has changed.The space for economic growth driven by investment has narrowed, the demographic dividend has gradually disappeared, and the weak traditional economic momentum has exacerbated the risk of China falling into the "middle-income trap".Scholars have conducted a lot of research from the aspects of income gap, supply and demand structure and financial development, and found that although the improvement of the above factors can obtain benefits and promote economic growth, they can not avoid the law of diminishing marginal return in the end.From a long-term perspective, only by focusing on investment in technological innovation can China achieve high-quality economic development and thus overcome the "middle-income trap".Basic research and applied research, as two types of heterogeneous R&D activities, both play an important role in China's technological innovation.Therefore, conducting differentiated research on different types of R&D activities and clarifying the heterogeneous impact of basic research and applied research on high-quality economic development can provide a theoretical basis for China to overcome the "middle-income trap".
This paper selects the improvement of economic efficiency and the transformation of economic kinetic energy to comprehensively measure the high-quality development level of China's economy, in which the DEA-Malmquist index method is used to calculate the total factor productivity (TFP) as the proxy variable of economic efficiency improvement; the ratio of the output value of the tertiary industry to the output value of the secondary industry is used as the measurement index of China's economic kinetic energy transformation.Using the 30 provincial panel data in Mainland China from 2001 to 2017 as a sample, reveal the impact and mechanism of heterogeneous R&D activities on the high-quality development of the Chinese economy from the perspective of the risk of the "middle income trap", and whether there is a threshold effect in basic research , and used multiple regression equations to predict and analyze the average annual growth rate of China's basic research investment under the "middle-income trap".The results found that: (1)Both basic research and applied research are conducive to the improvement of economic efficiency, and only basic research significantly promotes the conversion of economic kinetic energy.(2)There is a gap in income levels in the eastern, central and western regions.Basic research has a stepwise regional heterogeneity effect on the high-quality economic development.It has a significant promotion effect on the economic efficiency of the eastern region, has no significant effect on the central region, has a significant inhibitory effect on the western region, and only has a significant effect on the conversion of economic kinetic energy in the eastern region, but the applied research has no significant regional heterogeneity effect.(3)Basic research has a significant threshold effect.Basic research will promote the high-quality development of the regional economy only when a certain income level is reached.(4)In order to successfully overcome the "middle-income trap" around 2025, China's basic research investment needs to maintain an average annual growth rate of 24.7% and 29.3% in the future.
Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations： (1) Formulate differentiated innovation incentive policies based on the level of economic development.The eastern region should increase investment in basic research and enhance original innovation capabilities; the central and western regions should focus on imitating innovation, focus on investment in applied research, and actively absorb technological spillovers from the eastern region； (2)Increase government investment in basic research.Local governments should increase support for basic research, actively build major national science and technology infrastructure such as national laboratories, national key laboratories, and comprehensive national innovation centers, and strengthen strategic support for science and technology.In the future, the growth rate of basic research investment should be maintained at \[24.7% and 29.3%\]；(3)Strengthen the construction of intellectual property protection system.The government should play the role of "night watchman", formulate a high-level intellectual property protection system, protect the innovation achievements and innovation income of innovation subjects, and enhance the overall innovation enthusiasm of the society.

At present, technological innovation has become the first driving force for the high-quality development of the regional economy. The high-tech industry has the characteristics of high intelligence and high technology intensiveness. It plays a vital role in the process of promoting economic growth. It is the focus of competition among countries today. However, our country's high-tech industry has been at the low-end link in the division of labor in the global value chain for a long time, which has restricted its scientific and technological innovation capabilities. It is urgent to adjust the regional industrial structure and seek new impetus for economic development. Producer service industry, as a heterogeneous industry with a high degree of relevance to high-tech industries, can improve the degree of industrial specialization and sub-engineering, and promote the high-endization of high-tech manufacturing. The synergistic agglomeration of high-tech industries and producer service industries can significantly enhance the innovation capabilities of high-tech industries and effectively promote high-quality economic development. Therefore, it is a realistic and urgent problem to clarify the mechanism of the impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on high-quality economic development.
Existing literature has conducted in-depth discussions on innovation and high-quality economic development, industrial collaborative agglomeration and innovation, and promoted the development of related theories. However, there are still the following shortcomings. First, some scholars have discussed the relationship between industrial collaborative agglomeration and economic development, but seldom paid attention to the relationship between industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development. Secondly, there are few documents that incorporate industrial collaborative agglomeration, innovation capabilities and high-quality economic development into a unified framework for analysis. What is the mechanism of industrial collaborative agglomeration to promote high-quality economic development? Existing documents rarely involve it. Finally, there are both linear and non-linear relationships between industrial collaborative agglomeration, innovation, and high-quality economic development. Existing studies are often limited to the analysis of linear relationships between two variables, and there is a lack of non-linear relationships. This paper incorporates industrial synergistic agglomeration, innovation capabilities, and high-quality economic development into a unified framework, deeply analyzes the mechanism of industrial synergistic agglomeration to promote high-quality economic development, and builds a threshold model to collect 30 provinces and municipalities in mainland China from 2005 to 2019 (Tibetan factors). (Incomplete data, not included in statistics) High-tech industry and producer service industry collaborative agglomeration, high-quality economic development related data, accurate measurement of industrial collaborative agglomeration and its impact on high-quality economic development through innovation capabilities, and the use of ArcGIS software for industrial synergy visual analysis of the agglomeration level, in-depth analysis of the impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on the high-quality development of the regional economy.
Industrial collaborative agglomeration realizes the spatial diffusion of technology through technological externalities, promotes the technological progress of related enterprises in the region, improves the technological capabilities of enterprises, and drives high-quality economic development. Industrial collaborative gatherings have the following effects. Firstly, the specialized division of labor forms a specialized market for various supporting services, such as the talent, capital, and raw material markets. The specialized division of labor enables agglomeration enterprises to share various auxiliary services and form economies of scale. Secondly, sharing public facilities, reducing additional investment and geographical proximity can save freight and improve output efficiency. Finally, collaborative clustering enables technical and management personnel to gather through formal or informal exchanges to promote the dissemination and exchange of technical and management information among enterprises, which in turn increases technology spillover.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) Industrial collaborative agglomeration presents imbalanced characteristics. In terms of space, except for the western collaborative agglomeration areas (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shaanxi), industrial collaborative agglomeration presents high in the east and low in the west, and high in the coastal areas. The characteristics of low land, the Matthew effect is significant; in terms of time, the cooperative agglomeration of industries presents a four-legged evolutionary trend (Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta and Western Cooperative Agglomeration Area). (2) The synergy between the industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development of various provinces and cities is divided into four types: collaborative agglomeration and economic high-quality maintenance, collaborative agglomeration and enhanced economic high-quality, enhanced collaborative agglomeration, and enhanced economic high-quality. Corresponding to the high level of industrial synergistic agglomeration-high economic and high-quality development level, low industrial synergistic agglomeration level-low economic high-quality development level, low industrial synergistic agglomeration level-high economic and high-quality development level, high industrial synergistic agglomeration level-low economy and high Quality development level. (3) Industrial collaborative agglomeration has dual-threshold effects on innovation ability, innovation ability on high-quality economic development, and industrial collaborative agglomeration on high-quality economic development, and the impact effect is diminishing on the margin. Industrial synergistic agglomeration can significantly enhance regional innovation capabilities, but as the degree of industrial synergistic agglomeration further increases, its promotion of innovation capabilities shows a marginal diminishing effect. Regional scientific and technological innovation can drive high-quality economic development, but because the threshold for the transformation of scientific and technological innovation capabilities is getting higher and higher, it is becoming more and more difficult to transform scientific and technological achievements into productivity, resulting in a marginal diminishing effect. Innovative ability has different effects on high-quality economic development when the industrial collaborative agglomeration is in different threshold ranges, and the impact of innovative ability on high-quality economic development is diminishing positively.
Based on the above conclusions, in order to promote the high-quality development of the regional economy, this article puts forward the following policy recommendations: (1) Promote the coordinated and balanced development of regional industries and eliminate the Matthew effect. First, each region should focus on improving the level of synergy and agglomeration of high-tech industries and producer service industries. Secondly, narrow the gap in the level of synergy and agglomeration of various regional industries, give full play to the knowledge spillover effect between high-tech industries and producer service industries in different regions, and realize the spatial spillover of technology. Finally, strengthen inter-regional industrial cooperation and promote the complementary development of industrial agglomeration. (2) According to the actual situation of industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development in different regions, formulate targeted and differentiated policies to effectively improve the level of industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development in various regions. (3) Improve the level of industrial collaborative agglomeration and innovation capabilities, Effectively promote high-quality economic development. On the one hand, pay attention to the improvement of the level of synergy and innovation of high-tech industries and producer service industries, and create a good industrial synergy atmosphere. On the other hand, promote the transformation of regional technological innovation capabilities and drive high-quality economic development. Encourage industry-university-research cooperation, accelerate the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and stimulate the enthusiasm of innovation entities; Strengthen the management of the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements, support the development of regional and industrial technology markets, and improve the service functions of technology transfer institutions; Strengthen the guiding role of the government in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, build a characteristic industrialization base, build a platform for achievement transformation, promote industrial upgrading; through multi-channel capital investment, guide the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and promote high-quality economic development.

With the rapid economic development , the world is facing many ecological problems such as resource depletion and environmental pollution.To this end, countries around the world have issued a "Green New Deal" to vigorously develop the green economy.During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China has unswervingly implemented the five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing" in order to realize the coordinated development of economy and green environmental protection.As the leading force of the national economy, industrial enterprises are also major resource consumers and polluters.They face tremendous pressure and challenges of green transformation.Therefore, green technology innovation plays an increasingly significant role in the process of China's industrial green development.It is an important means for industrial enterprises to deal with the crisis of resource consumption, solve the problem of environmental pollution and realize green transformation and development.However, the level of green technology innovation in China's industry is still relatively low, and the problem is usually not lack of ability, but lack of motivation.Therefore, the research on the driving force level of China's industrial green technology innovation and whether there are significant differences in its temporal and spatial pattern has important theoretical and practical significance for further developing green technology innovation activities and realizing the coordinated development of regional green economy.
Based on the concept of green development, this paper establishes an evaluation index system from three aspects: technology driving force, market driving force and regulation driving force.The dynamic evaluation method of ideal solution, entropy value method and the preferring present to past normalization method are used to evaluate the industrial green technology innovation driving force of 30 provinces (cities and districts) in China, and exploratory spatial data analysis method and gravity model are used to evaluate its spatial and temporal pattern.
The research results show that the overall level of China's industrial green technology innovation power was not high from 2011 to 2017, accompanying the extremely unbalanced situation among regions which was "high in the east and low in the west" .From the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of industrial green technology innovation power, the overall performance is in spatial positive correlation.From a local point of view, the high-high agglomeration model is mainly distributed in the economically developed eastern region, and the low-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration are mainly distributed in the central, western and northeast regions, and the high-low agglomeration distributed in Beijing, Guangdong, and Chongqing, showing a strong economic dependence.From the migration track of the driving force of industrial green technology innovation, the center of gravity was mainly distributed in the southern part of Henan Province during the study period, and the overall migration was to the southwest.The problem of unbalanced development of green technology innovation in the east and west is obvious.It is found that the center of gravity of industrial green technology innovation is closely related to the changes of economic center of gravity and high-tech industry center of gravity.
As for the research on green technology innovation, most scholars pay attention to the research on the efficiency and influencing factors of green technology innovation, a few studies involve green technology innovation policies, and there is a lack of research on the driving force of green technology innovation.Therefore, this paper can provide more detailed decision-making reference for policy makers: First, build a regional green innovation network to achieve collaborative innovation.In order to improve the overall level of China's industrial green technology innovation power, all regions should strive to break regional barriers, build a regional green innovation network platform, and encourage the free flow of green technology innovation resources among regions.Secondly, formulate targeted strategies according to their own development.For regions with strong industrial green technology innovation motivation such as Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jiangsu, they should continue to maintain their resource allocation advantages and continuously increase the level of green technology innovation diffusion, so as to benefit the surrounding areas; For Hebei, Beijing, Guangdong and other regions, a cross regional green innovation environment platform based on the participation of enterprises, governments, universities, markets and other forces should be built to realize the coordinated development of green technology innovation among regions; for Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and areas with low industrial technology innovation motivation, we should further increase the investment of innovation resources and continuously improve the green technology innovation environment, so as to make the development of industrial green technology innovation in this area full of vitality.Finally, in view of the horizontal imbalance between the East and the west of the driving force of China's industrial green technology innovation, we should continue to further implement strategies such as the rise of the central region, the opening of the west, and the revitalization of the old industrial areas in the northeast.By promoting the coordinated economic development of the eastern and western regions, we will gradually reverse the unbalanced regional development of the driving force of industrial green technology innovation in China.

A fundamental issue in the field of strategic management is the impact of corporate strategy which is discussed by a large number of theoretical and empirical studies.Some studies divide corporate strategy types into attack strategy, analyzer strategy, and defender strategy, and extensively discuss the impact of strategic differences on corporate cash flow, earnings management, over-investment, and so on.It also extends the concept of "strategic radicalization".Attack strategy has the highest strategic radicalization, followed by analyzer strategy, and defender strategy has the lowest.However, we find that few scholars study the impact of strategic radicalization on enterprise innovation.This has provided us with impetus to carry out research.This study mainly discusses the impact of strategic radicalization on technological distance and the boundary of its effect.Technological distance refers to the technological gap between a company and its frontier company in the industry.Compared with the traditional innovation performance measurement indicators, technological distance can better reflect the technological innovation efforts of enterprises in a competitive environment.First, existing studies have extensively examined the impact of corporate strategic radicalization, but have ignored the impact of strategic radicalization on corporate innovation.By studying the impact of strategic radicalization on technological distance, this study enriches the literature on the impacts of corporate strategic radicalization and is a useful supplement to existing research.Second, it is a common research perspective to study the impact of strategy types from the perspective of management behavior.From the perspective of managers turnover, which affects enterprise strategic change, this paper studies the frequency of managers turnover, the source of successors and the boundary function of integration of chairman or general manager, which is helpful to further clarify the boundary of strategic radicalization.Third, this research provides a reference for how companies choose strategic positioning to narrow the technological distance.According to the research conclusions, companies should choose the analyzer strategy of moderate radicalization, rather than the attack strategy of over radicalization and the defender strategy of insufficient radicalization, so as to achieve the best technology catch-up effect.
This article uses the data of listed companies in China's A-share manufacturing industry as a sample, and uses the system GMM to examine the relationship between corporate strategic radicalization and technological distance, as well as the boundary effect of the corporate governance factor of managers turnover.The results are as follows: First, there is a U-shaped relationship between corporate strategic radicalization and technological distance.Appropriate strategic radicalization can reduce the technological distance.Over radicalization or insufficiently radicalization is not conducive to narrowing the technological distance.Second, the higher the frequency of managers turnover, the more obvious the relationship between strategic radicalization and technological distance.Third, the U-shaped relationship between strategic radicalization and technological distance is evident in industries where competition is relatively weak.Fourth, compared with professional managers, when the controlling shareholder succeeds the chairman or general manager, and in the case of a lower successor with integration of chairman or general manager, the boundary effect of managers turnover is more significant.
This article has certain practical implications.First of all, this research reveals that analyzer strategies can help companies narrow the technological distance.This enlightens companies that they should adopt appropriate radical strategies, not only to avoid corresponding risks, but also to be wary of backwardness caused by insufficient strategic radicalization.When formulating strategies, companies should also reasonably evaluate the intensity of competition in their industries, and be wary that relatively weak industry competition will lead to insufficient incentives for corporate innovation.In this situation, companies need to adopt a moderately radical strategy to shorten the technological distance with frontier company in order to overcome the lack of incentives in the industry, but they still need to avoid the negative effects caused by over-radical strategies.Secondly, the managers turnover affects the strategic choice of the enterprise.This study suggests that the successor manager should choose a moderately radical analyzer strategy to narrow the technological distance.But at the same time, it should be noted that the succession of the chairman or general manager by the controlling shareholder can effectively reduce the agency costs and enhance strategic execution.Avoiding the concurrent appointment of the successor chairman and general manager can reduce the negative impact of managers' overconfidence and help to improve the rationality of strategic decision-making.This provides a reference for how to determine the source of successors and position arrangements in the process of managers turnover.

In the era of knowledge economy, enterprises gradually change from "closed innovation" to "open innovation", and the innovation network established by cooperation becomes an important way for enterprises to share knowledge resources and realize value acquisition.It has been pointed out that the innovation activities of enterprises are embedded in both collaborative networks formed by social relationships of R&D cooperation and knowledge networks formed by knowledge combination, and these network structural characteristics influence knowledge transfer and knowledge combination of enterprises, which in turn have complex effects on innovation performance.However, although the literature has confirmed the close connection between double-layer network structural features and enterprise innovation, the mechanism of the role of double-layer network structural holes and enterprise innovation activities is still unclear in academia.On the one hand, some scholars believe that network structure holes can provide social capital and bring information control advantages for enterprises, which are beneficial to enterprise innovation; on the other hand, some scholars point out that network structure holes reduce the frequency of communication among individuals, which is not conducive to the dissemination of tacit knowledge and hinders innovation activities to a certain extent.Then, what exactly is the relationship between double-layer network structure hole and enterprise innovation performance? Are the results different due to different types of innovation? Is there an effective adaptation of the innovation network structure to dual innovation? Do contextual differences also lead to different research findings? All these questions need to be further investigated.Based on this, this paper constructs the mechanism of the role of knowledge network structure hole and synergistic network structure hole on firms' dual innovation performance based on knowledge base theory and social network theory and introduces contextual variables such as strategic flexibility and openness to analyze their moderating roles in the relationship between knowledge network, synergistic network and dual innovation performance.
This study takes listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares as the research sample and follows the following three principles to screen the industries.First, the industries are highly competitive and require continuous technological innovation to ensure their industry status.Second, the industries have the technology and knowledge-intensive characteristics and the intensity of R&D investment is the key to enterprise technological innovation.Third, the industries are more aware of the patent application and protection and have easy access to patent information.The final unbalanced panel data from 2007-2018 (N=559) were obtained for 165 enterprises in China, involving high-tech industries such as computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing, information transmission, software and information technology services, and electrical machinery.In addition, after the Hausman test, this study uses a negative binomial random effects regression model for analysis.
The empirical results show that structural holes in knowledge network are beneficial to a firm′s exploitative innovation performance, but impede a firm′s exploratory innovation performance.Moreover, there are negative correlations between collaboration network structure hole and firm′s ambidextrous innovation.At the same time, the interaction among strategic flexibility, openness and the two-layer network structure hole affects the firms′ ambidextrous innovation, and there are adaptabilities among the variables: "structural holes in knowledge network——openness” promotes exploitative innovation performance, while "structural holes in collaboration network——strategic flexibility" promotes exploratory innovation performance.
This paper combines the knowledge base theory, social network theory, and the research results in the field of dual innovation performance of enterprises.It enriches the research on the relationship between two-tier network structure holes and firm′s dual innovation performance in a specific area.Unlike previous literature, this study finds that the embedding of knowledge networks and collaborative networks has different effects on firm innovation performance, and there is an effective matching relationship between the double-layer network structure hole and organizational context.The findings of this study enrich the research results of open innovation, and network outcome holes, and bring new ideas to solve the disagreement of the relationship between structural holes and corporate innovation.In addition, considering that the adaptation relationship between two-tier network structure and organizational context can have different impacts on the dual innovation activities of firms, managers should combine the characteristics of corporate knowledge and collaborative network structure and organizational strategies to make targeted management decisions.When companies tend to carry out exploitative innovation, they should promote the transfer and utilization of knowledge elements by increasing the degree of openness, to efficiently achieve the improvement of the understanding of existing technologies; while when companies tend to carry out exploratory innovation, they need to strengthen the strategic flexibility to match the high uncertainty of exploratory innovation with the flexible allocation of resources, to make companies boldly break through the current knowledge domain to capture new market opportunities.The companies needs to be more flexible in resource allocation to match the high uncertainty of exploratory innovation and to push them to break through the current knowledge domain to capture new market opportunities.

Family enterprises are generally facing the dual pressure of transformation and upgrading and intergenerational inheritance in China.To alleviate these two kinds of pressure, the founders introduce the second generation into the management of the family business.On the one hand, they hope that the second generation will be familiar with enterprise business processes and gradually integrate into family enterprises to make full preparations for inheritance.On the other hand, they expect the second generation to give full play to their advantages and bring new vitality into the transformation and upgrading of family enterprises.Cross-generation entrepreneurship is an important way for family enterprises to maintain innovation vitality and create new competitive advantages in the process of succession.Portfolio entrepreneurship is an important mode of generational entrepreneurship of family enterprises in the stage of succession.The current literature on the driving factors of portfolio entrepreneurship in the family business is mainly based on the perspective of socioemotional wealth theory, resource-based view and upper echelons theory, but they rarely consider the impact of the interaction, integration or conflict between the first and second generations on portfolio entrepreneurship in the special stage of succession.One of the representative sources of conflict between the first and second generations is the experience of growing up abroad as a special experience shared by second generations.How to manage the intergenerational conflict caused by the overseas experience of the second generation, realize the smooth succession of the family business and create new business units has become an urgent problem to be discussed both in theory and practice.Therefore, based on the perspective of intergenerational conflict, this paper explores whether and how the second generation's overseas experience affects the portfolio entrepreneurship of family enterprises.At the same time, we also explore the moderating effects of the second generation's tenure in family enterprises and the parents' personal industry status and political status.
This paper selects Chinese family listed enterprises from 2000 to 2017 as the sample source.Firstly, we choose the enterprises whose actual controller type is the natural person or family and whose family control right is more than 20% as the sample of family listed enterprises.Secondly, this paper selects the family enterprises in which the second generation of the family entered the board of directors or senior management team from 2000 to 2017.Finally, we obtained 297 samples.We verify the hypothesis by defining variables and constructing the multiple linear regression model.We test the robustness by changing the measurement of variables and changing the sample range.At the same time, we use Heckman selection model to test endogeneity.The results are in line with expectations.
The results of this study show that the overseas experience of the second generation promotes the development of portfolio entrepreneurial activities in the process of family business inheritance, and the promotion effect becomes more obvious with the increase of the overseas duration of the second generation.In addition, we also find that the tenure of the second generation in listed family enterprises weakens the positive impact of the overseas tenure of the second generation on portfolio entrepreneurship.However, in the family enterprises with the higher industrial and political status of their fathers, the overseas time of family successors has a more significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial portfolio of family enterprises.After analyzing the internal characteristics of the family successor's overseas background, we find that compared with the educational and work experience of a family successor has a significantly positive impact on portfolio entrepreneurship.The influence of the family successor's study or work experience in non-Asian countries or regions is more significant.
The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows.First, this paper enriches the research on the drivers of portfolio entrepreneurship in the family business by discussing the impact of the second generation of overseas experience on portfolio entrepreneurship in the family business in the process of succession.Second, this study enriches the literature on intergenerational conflict of succession in the family business.The conclusion of this paper also echoes the research of some scholars.The cooperative strategy is regarded as an important strategy of conflict management under the multi-generation participation of family enterprises, and it is an important way to reduce and curb emotional conflict.Third, this paper enriches the research on the impact of overseas characteristics of senior managers on corporate strategic behavior in the Chinese context.At the same time, this paper offers practical insights.First, inheritors and successors should have a comprehensive understanding of the conflict.Moreover, the portfolio entrepreneurship strategy emphasizes the integration and complementarity of succession and entrepreneurship, which is a good strategic choice for both succession parties to make rational use of cognitive conflicts and prevent cognitive conflicts from escalating into emotional conflicts.Second, the first generation should formulate the enterprise succession plan as soon as possible, and the cultivation of the second generation should be systematic, especially the cultivation of the innovation and entrepreneurship of the offspring.In the process of guidance and training, it has become an important way for parents to send their second generation abroad to receive overseas education and obtain work experience.

The modern industry environment is complex and changeable.As an important means for enterprises to cope with the changeable economic environment, business model innovation is the core of enterprises to maintain competitive advantage.In the current fierce competition environment, the competition among enterprises does not only refer to product competition, but also business model competition.The business model competition among enterprises is not only the competition among quality, service and production cost, but also has developed into the network competition among enterprises including suppliers, competitors, distributors and other stakeholders.Under the constraint of resources, enterprises are confronted with the problem of lack of resources, and it is more and more difficult for a single enterprise to adapt to the increasingly complex dynamic environment.It is crucial for enterprises to innovate their business models by building enterprise networks to participate in market competition.Driven by the development of science and technology, big data is reshaping the business model of enterprises, and big data capability has become an important driving force for the business model innovation of enterprises.According to the existing research, enterprise network and big data capability are the key factors affecting the business model innovation of enterprises.In the process of innovation, the combination of enterprise resources and capabilities can effectively promote the business model innovation of enterprises.There is a nonlinear relationship between business model innovation, enterprise network, big data capability, and other variables in which many conditions work together, and it is an interdependent and highly complex whole.Most of the previous studies focused on the influence of a single factor on the business model innovation of enterprises.They focused on the influence of external driving factors such as emerging technologies on the business model innovation of enterprises, or considered the influence of the matching of more factors and network embedding on the business model innovation of enterprises, but ignored the influence of the multiple concurrent factors and multiple paths on the business model innovation of enterprises.Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is suitable for studying the influence of synergy between different elements on the business model innovation of enterprises, and exploring multiple paths leading to the same result.Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study adopted fsQCA method to explore the influence mechanism of enterprise network and big data capabilities on the business model innovation of new retail enterprises from two aspects of resources and capabilities.Specifically, this study takes 15 new retail enterprises as the research object.According to the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy", this study defines enterprise network as information resource sharing, organizational learning and network system establishment, and defines big data capability as resource integration capability, in-depth analysis capability and real-time insight and prediction capability.By using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, this paper explores the phenomenon of the business model innovation of enterprises, and deeply digs out the influence mechanism and paths of different configurations composed of the above six conditions on business model innovation from two levels of resources and capabilities.The empirical analysis results show that there are four types of traction condition configurations to promote the business model innovation of new retail enterprises: network system establishment type, resource integration ability booster type, depth analysis ability supplement type and information resource sharing booster type.There is equivalence among the four paths.The business model innovation is a complicated process.Facing the complicated and dynamic environment, the process of business model innovation of new retail enterprises will be more complicated.
Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study mainly explores two research questions: how can enterprise network and big data capabilities cooperate to promote enterprise business model innovation? What are the influencing mechanism and paths of the business model innovation of new retail enterprises? The conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical support and reference for enterprises to implement the business model innovation.In addition, our research also has some contributions in theory.(1)Our research reveals the interaction mechanism between enterprise network and big data capabilities.We use QCA method to study the influence of synergy among different elements on business model innovation, and find that there is substitution effect among elements.(2)We introduce the fsQCA method into the research field of business model innovation of new retail enterprises, which enriches the theoretical research in this field.(3)Based on the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy ", we find that configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capabilities can promote business model innovation.It is not limited to the positive influence of a single factor on business model innovation, but from the overall perspective of resources and capabilities, this paper explains the influence mechanism of configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capability on business model innovation, and expands the research perspective in the field of business model innovation.

The policy of science and technology service industry is one of the important factors affecting the development of science and technology service industry.The development effect of science and technology service industry is closely related to the formulation of its policies and measures.Therefore, it is beneficial to understand the rationality of existing policies and measures of science and technology service industry by evaluating the policies of science and technology service industry, which provides reference significance for optimizing and improving future policies of science and technology service industry.From the existing research literature, it can be seen that the research literature of science and technology service industry policy at home and abroad mostly focuses on policy formulation, policy implementation, policy environment and other aspects, and there is a lack of the related research of policy evaluation, which is the weak link of policy analysis of science and technology service industry at present.
PMC index model is an "exotic product" of foreign policy evaluation methods.Domestic scholars have evaluated some policies in China by using the revised and adjusted policy model, and achieved good results, expanding the applicable scope of the index model in China's policies, and providing method reference and empirical experience for the study on the policy evaluation of science and technology service industry.This study takes PMC index model as the core research method to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the relevant policy texts of science and technology service industry.Firstly, based on the existing index system of PMC index model, text mining method was employed to describe and summarize the contents of 68 policy texts of science and technology service industry in China from 2012 to 2020, the evaluation index system of PMC index model was adjusted and supplemented, so as to build an evaluation index system applicable to science and technology service industry policy and improve the effectiveness of policy evaluation of science and technology service industry.Secondly, in the process of using PMC index model to evaluate the policies of science and technology service industry, it was necessary to assign digital values to the corresponding policy contents and realize the quantitative processing of policy contents, so as to facilitate the calculation and comparison of PMC index of various policy texts.
In order to make full use of the advantages of PMC index model, this study evaluates two policies of science and technology service industry in Liaoning Province, and also adopts comparative analysis method.In addition, 10 representative policies of science and technology service industry from different regions and levels are selected as the control samples of science and technology service industry policies in Liaoning Province.By comparing PMC index scores of different policies, it is easier to find the defects and deficiencies of policies, and at the same time it can provide reference for further optimization of policies.
Generally speaking, first of all, among the 12 policy samples of science and technology service industry in this study, 5 policies were rated as good, and the remaining 7 policies acceptable, which shows that the overall quality of China's science and technology service industry policies needs to be improved.Secondly, from the PMC index ranking of policy samples, P₁₂>P₃>P₉>P₇>P₁₁>P₆>P₄>P₈>P₂>P₅>P₁₀>P₁, it can be seen that the quality of China's science and technology service industry policy shows a trend of "lower is better than upper", that is, the lower the government level, the higher the quality of science and technology service industry policy issued by the corresponding level of government.Furthermore, according to the average scores of the first-level variables of various policies, the six first-level variables cover areas, policy tools, policy audiences, policy implementation basis, industrial process and document citation have higher average scores and relatively excellent variable performance, while the four first-level variables policy nature, policy timeliness, policy operability and publishing institutions have lower average scores and relatively poor variable performance.
According to the PMC surface diagram of each policy and PMC model multi-input-output table, combined with the specific content of each policy, we can carry out horizontal or vertical comparative analysis between policy samples from different variable levels, discuss and find out the advantages and disadvantages of each policy, and then put forward countermeasures and suggestions for policy optimization, which is also the core part of this study.The results show that there are some problems in Liaoning's science and technology service industry policy, such as unclear cognition of policy objects, incomplete use of policy tools, imperfect construction of policy mechanism, etc.Therefore, it is necessary to enhance decision makers' understanding of the current situation and laws of industrial development, complete the shortcomings of policy tools and improve the policy mechanism.

Research misconduct have always been the phenomena resisted by the academia.In recent years, it has occurred frequently, among which Zhai Tianlin incident and gene editing baby incident have become hot topics among the public.The impact of these events prompted the academic community, universities, education management departments and science and technology management departments to strengthen the investigation of scientific research misconduct, and also led to a large increase in the number of reported cases of scientific research misconduct by the public.While the phenomena attract great public attention, government departments have continuously issued corresponding documents to strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity.For example, the opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Scientific Research Integrity jointly issued by the office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2018 proposed to "adhere to zero tolerance and maintain a high-pressure situation of severely cracking down on acts seriously violating the requirements of scientific research integrity".In 2019, the opinions on further carrying forward the spirit of scientists and strengthening the construction of style and style of study jointly issued by the office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council stressed that "strengthening the construction of style and style of study and creating a clean and positive scientific research environment" all showed a strict attitude of zero tolerance for scientific research misconduct.
In this context, in September 2019, the rules for investigation and handling of scientific research integrity cases (Trial) jointly issued by the Ministry of Science and technology and other 20 ministries and commissions have constructed the scientific research misconduct as a whole for the first time (scientific research integrity cases) the investigation and handling process system defines the responsibilities of various departments in handling scientific research misconduct cases, and integrates the previous decentralized regulations of various science and technology that there are specific and unified procedures for the investigation and handling of scientific research misconduct cases.the "rules for investigation and handling of cases of scientific research integrity (Trial)"has constructed the overall investigation and processing procedures of scientific research misconduct, which is a milestone document for the construction of scientific research integrity in China.
However, the "Investigation and Handling Rules of Scientific Research Integrity Cases (Trial)" can not really solve the problems such as the diversity of investigation subjects, the confusion between factual problems and academic problems, the lack of fairness of procedural rules and the lack of relief channels.It is necessary to learn from the experience of regulation of scientific research misconduct in the United States, make up for the lack of self-discipline in the scientific community through legal procedures, constantly improve the processing procedures of scientific research misconduct in the endogenous mechanism, force the investigation departments to standardize the internal investigation and processing procedures through legislative and judicial intervention in the external constraints, and construct the combination of self-discipline and external constraints of legal rules so as to purify the academic circles and promote "rejuvenating the country through science and technology".
The investigation of scientific research misconduct in the United States has experienced a process of extinction of "Scientific Dialogue", that is, in the past, scientists in the scientific community collected and reviewed relevant evidence.Because this model ignored and avoided the legitimacy of the investigation procedure, and the process was very slow, "for the investigation procedure of federal agencies, this is a bad model".Therefore, the development of the investigation and punishment procedure of scientific research misconduct has adopted a formal "legal model".Now the United States has established a complete and efficient processing program.Judicial review attaches great importance to the protection of the substantive rights (property rights, freedom rights, etc.) of the respondents in the investigation and handling procedures of academic / scientific research misconduct.China's handling of scientific research misconduct has also experienced a slow transition from "Scientific Dialogue" to the current limited introduction of public power and law The text has the characteristics of strong attribute of public power and weak judicial intervention and protection.In China's judicial practice, the judicial review of scientific research misconduct has achieved a certain degree of breakthrough.Although scientific research and academic behavior enjoy greater freedom and autonomy because of their professionalism and self-discipline, state supervision should maintain a relatively positive position and attitude when academic autonomy is suspected of "professional abuse".Therefore, the court should have the right to review the cases of scientific research misconduct, and China's norms of scientific research misconduct should also undergo a transformation from "Scientific Dialogue" to legal model, which shall urge the investigation department to standardize the internal investigation and handling procedures through necessary judicial intervention to realize procedural legitimacy, build a scientific research integrity construction system combining the self-discipline constraints of the scientific community and the external constraints of legal rules, so that research misconduct could be prevented not only because of severe punishment, but also good governance and self-conscience to truly purify the academic community and promote" rejuvenating the country through science and technology ".

As the main body of enterprise innovation, the stimulation of employees′ innovative behaviors plays an important role in the improvement of enterprise core competitiveness and the country′s innovative development.What′s the difference between the two main employment modes in China, i.e.the open-term employment mode and the fixed-term employment mode, the employees' sense of job stability and recognition of the company? How do employees of different employment models view the actual fulfillment of corporate responsibilities and obligations? What impact will it have on the stimulation of employees′ innovative potential and subsequent behaviors? These micro problems have not attracted enough attention to the recruitment model, and it is difficult to get the answer from the macro perspective of social stability and enterprise competitive development.Therefore, only by studying the behavior of employees and their influence mechanisms under different employment modes can we better understand the specific impact of the labor contract law on employees.
This research is based on the analysis of current social phenomena, combined with existing research conclusions, starting from the organizational factors that affect employee behavior, and by constructing a model of the relationship between employment mode and innovative behavior, further revealing the difference between employment mode and innovative behavior influence mechanism.Previous studies on the influence of employment patterns on organizational behavior focused on a certain type of influencing mechanism, and lacked a systematic research system.Therefore, with regard to the mechanism of influence between the employment model and the innovative behavior of employees, on the one hand, the characteristics of different employment models should be considered, that is, the formation of a work-stress process.On the other hand, the impact of the employment model on the relationship between employees and the organization should also be included.Consider the category.After the employee signs a labor contract with the organization and enters the organization, they will go through the process of organizational socialization.In this process, there are two important processes at the same time, namely, social identification and social exchange.Therefore, this research explores the production mechanism of employees′ innovative behaviors under the employment relationship model through three aspects of processes, namely work-stress, social identity, and social exchange processes.
This paper selects a number of enterprises and institutions mainly in the Northwest region, involving 4 industry sectors of IT, construction, service and education as the survey samples, and finally obtained 439 questionnaires.After sampling inspection, a total of 399 valid questionnaires were obtained after excluding invalid samples.We used foreign mature scales for reference, translated the selected scales and appropriately deleted them based on the characteristics of the employees in the Chinese context, adopted the Likert 7-point scoring measurement and performed subsequent data analysis.
The results show that compared with indefinite employees, fixed-term employees are more likely to show less suggestive behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, and role innovation; job security and organizational identity completely mediate the impact of the employment model on the suggestions.Intermediate the impact of employment mode on organizational citizenship behavior and role innovation; fixed-term employees, under the perception of transactional and balanced psychological contracts, behave as relatively passive organizational citizenship behavior and role innovation.In addition, we also conducted a certain reason analysis for the unverified hypothesis in the conclusion, and combined the corresponding literature to prove it.
Starting from the organizational level influencing factors, this paper systematically considers the three integrated perspectives of the employment relationship model, the work-stress process, the social identification process and the social exchange process, deeply analyzes the psychological formation mechanism of employees′ innovative behavior at the individual level, and enriches related research on existing employment models.The existing research mainly focus on a single level and type, possibly ignoring certain important mechanisms.Systematic research can enrich the cross-level influence mechanism model between the employment model and the innovative behavior of employees.In addition, combining the perspective of employee psychological contract perception, by examining the moderating effect of employment patterns, we find the boundary conditions that change the effect of psychological contract perception on innovative behavior.
The research results of this article also have practical guiding significance for enterprises and employees.First of all, companies can make different regulations on the responsibilities and commitments of employees of different types of employment, but allow employees such as fixed-term employees to be upgraded and enjoy optimized benefits under the tenure system, and various incentive policies can enhance employees′ sense of safety and organizational identity.Secondly, companies can adopt a reasonable and competitive salary performance appraisal system to reduce unfairness while stimulating fixed-term employees′ morale to improve employee satisfaction and trust in the company.Finally, for employees, they should also develop forward-looking thinking and transformative vision, enhance their employability, and better implement two-way choice between enterprises.

Although there has been an exponential growth of patent applications in China, the commercialization potential of the majority of patents registered in the field of science and technology has not been exploited. Based on this background, the paper studies the identification factors of patent transformation in order to better promote patent transformation. The commercialization value of patents mainly depends on patent protection and patent policy. Given the current government policies on patents, more data are needed to predict patent technology transformation in emerging frontier fields, help to solve the problems that China has to rely on foreign key core technologies for the production of some high-tech products and realize the commercialization potential of science and technology patents in China. The paper aims to better promote the patent transformation of key core technologies and focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) chips, given their current importance.#br#In this study, AI chips patent data is from the Derwent World Patents Index Database. We employ logical regression, support vector machine, random forest and AdaBoost algorithms to carry out comparative method analysis. After decomposing the patent transformation indicators into three dimensions (technology, law and economy), we select 17 representative indicators in the field of AI chips and adopt the machine learning method to identify an optimal transformation prediction scheme and the factors influencing successful patent transformation in China and in other countries. We discuss the main characteristics of successful patent transformation in different areas and fields with various application bodies in China and abroad.#br#This study applies different algorithms to analyse patent transformation in the field of AI chips in China and a number of developed countries. These algorithms help to predict the main factors influencing the successful transformation of patent technology in the field of AI chips. Among the four algorithms (logical regression, support vector machine, random forest and AdaBoost) used to predict the drivers of successful patent transformation, the random forest algorithm is the best in predictive ability . The probability of patent transformation in the field of AI chips is distributed in a logarithmic curve, which is consistent with the general distribution curve of patent value. The top three factors with the greatest impacts on successful patent transformation for patent applications submitted by universities or scientific research institutions are the maintenance time, number of claim characters and number of inventors. The top three factors with the greatest impacts on successful patent transformation for patent applications submitted by enterprises are the number of claim characters, maintenance time and number of claims. Meanwhile, it is found that the factors affecting successful patent transformation in China are different with that in other countries.#br#In conclusion, this study investigates the usefulness of four machine learning algorithms in predicting the factors influencing successful patent transformation, specifically in relation to AI chips. Based on the findings, it is suggested that universities and scientific research institutions can improve their chances of successful patent transformation by strengthening relationships with key enterprises (i.e. enterprises with specific skills and scientific research strength). The study provides suggestions on how universities and scientific research institutions can jointly tackle key technical problems to gain a high-value patent portfolio, implement high-value patent mining and cultivation projects and strengthen patent management in the whole process. The enterprises intended to improve patent transformation work should pay more attention to the technical quality and writing quality of patents applications. Furthermore, the government should guide enterprises to make good use of preferential examination and rapid examination policies, high-value patent cultivation projects and patent navigation projects in various provinces and cities.#br#

China has launched a series oflarge-scale task-oriented national science and technology programs with the aim to make breakthroughs in key technologies and promote economic development. It is of great significance to comprehensively summarize experiences for future scientific research organization pattern development.#br#At the end of the 1990s, China regarded the development of mid-altitude and long-endurance UAV as a strategic major scientific and technological project. Starting from scratch, Beihang University led the independent development of UAV prototype and finally achieved success. It can be seen that due to the highly uncertain political and economic environment, the organizations undertaking national science and technology project are also confronted with increasing uncertainties. Therefore, both theoretical and practical circles are exploring the organization patterns of national science and technology programs. However, the existing studies mostly focus on the projects with obvious economic benefits rather than unclear market with technical difficulties. In terms of the research content, it mainly focuses on the summary of the overall practical experience of existing scientific and technological projects and the comparative analysis of the organization mode of scientific and technological projects at home and abroad, and they fail to explore the role of university in such projects.#br#Therefore, this study attempts to summarize the characteristics and types of this kind of project led by university based on the specific case of Changying UAV development, explore the scientific research organization pattern behind their success, and respond to why university is more suitable to lead the large-scale and task-oriented national science and technology programs.#br#Based on this, this paper adopts the method based on programmatic grounded theory to conceptualize and categorize the data obtained from field interview, observation and literature review in three stages: open coding, spindle coding and selective coding. Therefore, four core categories are obtained accordingly: undertaking big projects, forming large teams, relying on big platforms and making great achievements. From the structured data and original data, this study has the following findings. (1) National science and technology projects suitable for university leadership presents the connotation of "linked science and technology challenges". Thus such projects have the dual character of the initiative of scientific exploration and the breakthrough of science and technology. (2) The success of such projects can be attributed to the innovative scientific research organization pattern. Guided by country-oriented project,this pattern focuses on making big achievements with feedback such as overall goal realization, talent training, industry driven development on the interaction between the national team and the industry-university-research cooperation platform. It explains why universities are suitable for taking national science and technology projects. To be more specific, colleges and universities have the advantage of theoretical accumulation rooted in scientific research for many years. Moreover colleges and universities have complete disciplines and majors to provide the latest cutting-edge theoretical research results and relevant technical talents in various fields required for the development of major scientific and technological projects. Last but not the least, the free, equal and open atmosphere provides a tolerant innovation environment for integrated innovation, and the mission of colleges and universities to serve the society ensures steady and strong spiritual strength. (3) The two key elements in this pattern are forming large teams and relying on big platforms, which are the implementation subject and core carrier of large-scale projects as well as the creator and beneficiary of great achievements. The interaction between the two drives the smooth operation of the pattern.#br#On the one hand, this paper is committed to clarifying the characteristics of national scientific and technological programs such as UAV, summarizing the scientific research organization pattern to ensure its success, and exploring the key elements and their relationships in this pattern so as to enrich relevant theories. On the other hand, it is hoped to provide practical paths and management experience for universities to serve national major strategic needs and play the role of new force of scientific and technological innovation in the new era.#br#

With the advent of knowledge economy, science and technology innovation has become the commanding heights of international competition. As an important part of the national innovation system, technology business incubators can support public innovation and entrepreneurship and promote the implementation of the national innovation-driven development strategy. Although a series of achievements have been made in the construction of incubators in China, there are still problems such as the imperfect coordination and interaction mechanism between stakeholders. Due to the limited resources, incubators need to cooperate with stakeholders to achieve sustainable development. Stakeholders provide various resources to incubators for their own interests, but due to information asymmetry, the interaction with each other may cause conflicts which affect the effective operation of incubators. Therefore, it is an important problem of how to coordinate the conflicts between stakeholders to achieve the orderly relationship, and it needs to be solved urgently.#br#Based on different theoretical perspectives, the existing studies have emphasized the characteristics of multi-stakeholder participation in incubators, accompanying with the conflicts, and suggested that incubators need to strengthen cooperation between stakeholders through institutional design. However, there is still a lack of discussion on how incubators coordinate conflicts between stakeholders. Stakeholder theory, as a mainstream theory for analyzing the attributes of agents and explaining relationships, provides an important knowledge base for exploring the sources of conflicts between stakeholders and the construction of coordination mechanism. Therefore, this paper takes the Y technology business incubator as a case, and uses the exploratory case study method to carry out research based on the stakeholder theory.#br#Research finds that the root causes of conflicts include interest differences and unreasonable power allocation among stakeholders, as well as the interest-power asymmetry of a stakeholder. The coordination mechanism includes coordinating the inconsistent goals among stakeholders caused by interest differences through cultural coordination, coordinating the power competition among stakeholders caused by unreasonable power allocation through decentralized control, and coordinating the opportunistic behavior caused by the interest-power asymmetry through dynamic management and incubation service integration. Eventually, the interest-power of various stakeholders will be distributed and symmetrically configured, and the relationship among them will be orderly.#br#This paper introduces the stakeholder theory into the technology business incubators research, and on the basis of identifying sources of conflicts, it constructs the coordination mechanism, thereby enriching the stakeholder coordination research. The research results have instructive significance for technology business incubators in practice. First of all, incubators should gather the elements of innovation and achieve the internalization of external resources, so as to improve the quality of incubation services. Secondly, incubators built on the basis of industry-leading firms should grasp the distribution of control power between the construction firms and the internal management team, so as to improve the effectiveness of management. Finally, due to the diversification and heterogeneity of stakeholders, incubators can carry out various activities to enhance the communication and interaction between stakeholders, so as to form a community of goals and interests.#br#Although this study constructs the stakeholder coordination mechanism of science and technology business incubator through case analysis, it only selects one science and technology business incubator for analysis. In the future, multi case, mathematical model and large sample empirical methods can be used to study the of stakeholders. What;s more, the interviews with various stakeholders of the incubator can be supplemented and taken as the research focus in the future. Lastly the dynamic changes of interest power structure of various stakeholders are not considered. In fact, the interaction between incubators and stakeholders often revolves around the incubation activities of a start-up. In different incubation stages, the specific assets invested by various stakeholders are various, and the interest power structure is therefore different. In the future, researchers can focus on specific incubated enterprises and analyze the conflict and coordination mechanism between various stakeholders at different stages from incubation to hatching.#br#

The world is undergoing a new round of information and technological revolution. Entrepreneurship and innovation have become the driving force for economic development. Entrepreneurial behavior tendency as individual conscious planning behavior, to the greatest extent, represents the entrepreneurial intention of potential entrepreneurs and becomes the basis of entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, how to scientifically and effectively enhance entrepreneurial behavior tendency has become an urgent problem to be solved. The research on entrepreneurial behavior tendency becomes the key, but the existing research mostly are from the perspectives of macro policy and social environment, only a few studies are from the micro perspective with focus on entrepreneurial trait theory and emotion theory. Mindset is a unique way of thinking in which individuals know things and understand their environment. It can be the internal driving force that affects the individual's entrepreneurial behavior, but few of the present research pay enough attention to the mindset of cognitive ability. Based on implicit theory, it is believed that people's abilities and intelligence can be developed and cultivated, and they influence individuals' positive perception and interpretation of entrepreneurial environment, thus enhancing their efforts to engage in entrepreneurial activities. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, as an individual's belief in positive cognition of self-ability, is not only related to the mastery of past experience, but also promotes positive beliefs about the future expectation of the activities they engage in, which can significantly improve the individual's expectation of entrepreneurship and fuel them up for the implementation of entrepreneurial behavior tendency. Entrepreneurship itself is highly uncertain. The process of entrepreneurship involves the assessment of the risks associated with the implementation of entrepreneurial behavior, the unknown outcome of entrepreneurship, and the fear of potential failure, which seriously hinder the development of potential entrepreneurs' confidence.#br#In order to explore how mindset affects the cognitive ability of potential entrepreneurs, enhance the possibility of implementing entrepreneurial behavior, and relieve the potential entrepreneurs from hesitation and self-doubt to start their own business, this paper attempts to introduce implicit theory into the field of entrepreneurship, explore the influence mechanism of growth mindset on entrepreneurial behavior tendency. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is regarded as a bridge between growth mindset and entrepreneurial behavior tendency to improve the cognitive evaluation of the feasibility of individual entrepreneurial behavior, which enriches the research on entrepreneurial behavior tendency from the perspective of entrepreneurial cognition. Meanwhile, the paper further explores the influence of entrepreneurial fear of failure on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior tendency, regards entrepreneurial fear of failure as a multidimensional moderator variable, in which individual fear inhibits the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial behavior tendency, so as to rationally understand the fear of entrepreneurial failure.#br#The paper investigates the potential entrepreneurs in Liaoning Province of China. A total of 171 valid questionnaires are collected, and the statistical analysis is conducted using SPSS24.0. It is found that growth mindset positively is related to entrepreneurial behavior tendency; entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively is related to entrepreneurial behavior tendency; entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between growth mindset and entrepreneurial behavior tendency; fear of business idea and fear of social esteem threat negatively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial behavior tendency. The findings provide some management enlightenment. First, the malleability of growth mindset suggests that entrepreneurship can be cultivated. Schools, business incubators and individuals need to work together to foster and develop growth mindset. Secondly, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is not only evaluated by individual self-cognition, but also closely related to the surrounding environment of the individual. The government should actively create a supportive entrepreneurial environment, and motivate potential entrepreneurs to start their own business by providing preferable policies and measures. Finally, society should strive to create a culture that tolerates business failure, and encourages innovation and entrepreneurship; individuals need to increase resilience in addressing entrepreneurial frustrations, rationally recognize that fear of failure is a necessary part of starting a business, for it helps to reduce individuals' negative perception that business failure will lead to lose of social dignity.#br#

China is now actively promoting new urbanization strategy. Urban agglomerations, as the main form to advance national urbanization, will undoubtedly become the important pillar for China's future economic development. The 2014-2020 National New Urbanization Proposal, released in 2014, has clarified the layout and planning of urban agglomerations in China, and pointed out that future efforts should focus on scientific optimization of eastern urban agglomerations, and active cultivation of economic growth pole in the central and west regions. In 2018, the State Council made new remarks on establishing new mechanism of regional collaborative development, stating that the form of urban agglomerations would be taken to boost regional strategic integration and development. The 6th Meeting of Central Finance and Economics held in 2020 put forward that Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle will target at world-class urban agglomerations and become an important growth pole of west China high-quality development and the fourth pole of China's economy following the Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao urban agglomerations. Regional collaborative development within urban agglomerations and integrated market can strengthen regional internal competitiveness, effectively reduce overall operational and institutional cost of urban agglomerations, promote mobility and integration of elements, redress the imbalance in regional development and optimize territorial space structure. #br#The ability of scientific and technological innovation is vital to the national and regional core competitiveness. Its main role is to stimulate economic vitality and promote sustainable development by gathering innovative resources and strengthening scientific and technological research and development. It is of great significance to study the R&D efficiency and its influencing factors in different economic circles for comparing the efficiency of R&D resources allocation in different regions and making effective management policies of science and technology.#br#Based on SE-DEA（CCR-I）model, the paper calculates scientific and technological R&D efficiency of 65 cities from four major urban agglomerations in China during 2016 and 2018, comparatively analyzes R&D efficiency variation at different stages of the four major urban agglomerations as well as cities within the urban agglomerations, and explores into the variation characteristics of R&D efficiency in each region. #br#The research conclusions are as follows. (1) The super efficiency DEA analysis shows that the average R & D efficiency of Guangdong HK & Macao Bay area is the highest, followed by Chengdu Chongqing economic circle and Yangtze River Delta city group. Due to the imbalance of scientific and technological development of Jing-Jin-Ji cities, the average regional R & D efficiency is at the end of the four city groups. (2) Malmquist index analysis shows that most cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, HK & Macao, and Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomerations have achieved positive growth in technological efficiency, while the efficiency of scientific and technological progress of Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomerations has gradually declined, and there is still a certain gap from the other three urban agglomerations. The average technological progress rate of the overall four major national urban agglomerations is higher than the average technological efficiency, and the scientific research of each region has been strengthened. Technical level is the key to improve TFP. On the basis of the empirical analysis of regional R & D efficiency, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the allocation of investment resources, the endowment of advantageous resources, the development of regional collaborative innovation and the in-depth cooperation of production, learning and research of the R & D efficiency of urban agglomerations in accordance with local conditions.#br#

Environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development are the important theoretical and practical issues in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Existing studies have shown that environmental regulation and green technological progress are important factors affecting the development of green economy, but there are many disputes and no clear conclusions in the academic circles about their mechanism and relationship. With the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt becoming a national strategy, green development has been determined as the main tone, and the extensive economic growth model with high emission, high pollution and high investment is unsustainable. Therefore, scientifically clarification of the relationship between environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development is the basic issue to realizing green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the research on this issue needs to be further strengthened.#br#　　Based on the identification of the mechanism of environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development, this paper uses the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2019, constructs a PVAR model to test their mutual relationship, and introduces impulse response function to construct the response model of environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development, and analyzes the role and influence degree of the three from the static and dynamic perspectives. The advantage of this method is that it combines the advantages of time series analysis and panel data analysis, and can control the unobservable individual effects and time effects caused by spatial changes. More importantly, it can intuitively display the dynamic response of the three in the face of impact. It can clearly describe the conduction mechanism caused by various shocks and observe the relative importance of each random disturbance term that affects the variable.#br#　　The empirical analysis results show that environmental regulation has a long-term positive effect on the progress of green technological progress and the development of green economy. And green technology progress has a long-term positive promoting effect on environmental regulation, a short-term inhibiting effect and a long-term positive promoting effect on the development of green economy, and green technological progress has a strong impact on environmental regulation and green economic development. The development of green economy has a long-term positive role in promoting environmental regulation and green technological progress, but its contribution to both is small. At the same time, the research also shows that the promotion of environmental regulation and green technological progress on the green economic development is a dynamic process that gradually increases, and will gradually become an important driving force for the development of green economy. Therefore, the study believes that the relationship between environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development is relatively complex in the short term, and will form a benign interaction that promotes each other in the long run, and can realize the self-reinforcing effect among various variables. #br#　　The possible innovations of this paper are as follows. First, this study constructs a new analytical framework, that is, with the help of PVAR model, environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development are placed in the same analytical framework, and the three are regarded as the endogenous variables. Second, this study expands the selection of indicators in the current study, that is, it sets up relevant indicators in the design of environmental regulation indicators to investigate their indirect effects, highlights the green bias and regional integrity in the calculation of green technological progress indicators, and uses the green total factor productivity considering environmental efficiency in the measurement of green economic development. Third, this study breaks through the limitations of single dimension and static research, that is, it studies the relationship and role between environmental regulation, green technological progress and green economic development from a two-way and dynamic perspective, and carries out Granger causality two-way test and dynamic impulse response analysis between the three, and clearly shows the trend and function degree of the short-term and long-term relationship between the three.#br#

In recent years, the Sino-US trade friction has been escalating, and China's high-tech industry has been affected and contained to varying degrees, posing a threat to the national industrial security and development. After the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's economy has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development. It has become a new driving force to improve the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries for Chinese economic growth, and an inevitable choice to achieve high-quality economic development.#br#China is in a critical period of transformation of its development mode. The vigorous development of the digital economy has injected new vitality into the high-quality development of the economy. It helps to transfer into the intelligent model by using the digital economy to expand the development space of the real economy. Under the guidance of the innovation-driven development strategy, as a new driving force for high-quality development, the digital economy can give full play to its own advantages, strengthen the sharing and cooperative relationship between high-tech enterprises, reshape the traditional production organization of enterprises, and use digital technology to optimize resource allocation, reduce production costs, further improve the level of automation and intelligence in high-tech industries, and promote the healthy development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. This is not only conducive to the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, but also brings new opportunities for the high-quality development of national economy.#br#This paper uses the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2019 to construct an evaluation index system for digital economy development, and uses the stochastic frontier model to measure the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. It is found that first, the development of the digital economy can significantly improve the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries, and has a continuous impact on it, but as the lag period increases, this continuous impact will gradually weaken and disappear. Secondly, the development of digital economy can effectively stimulate entrepreneurship, promote the upgrading of industrial structure, and the improvement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. Thirdly, there are significant regional and industry heterogeneity in the impact of digital economy development on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. In terms of regional heterogeneity, the development of digital economy in eastern and western regions can effectively promote the improvement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries, while the development of digital economy in central and northeastern regions has less impact on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries; in terms of industry heterogeneity, the development of the digital economy has a significant negative impact on the innovation efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and has no significant impact on the innovation efficiency of the computer and office equipment manufacturing industry, but it can effectively promote the innovation efficiency of the electronics and communication equipment manufacturing industry. Finally, the impact of the digital economy on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries is characterized by a threshold effect. Among them, there is an optimal boundary in the process of the digital economy affecting the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries, and the general public budget expenditure and the total transaction volume of technology contracts will be slightly weakened. The more fully developed the expenditure and the average sales price of commercial housing, the more likely it can enhance the effect of digital economy development on the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries. The influence of per capita consumption expenditure of residents is relatively weak, indicating that consumption is still driving economic growth. Development space and consumption upgrade is an important path to achieve high-quality development.#br#It's suggested to firstly adhere to the combination of market and macro-control to allocate digital resources,use digital platforms to integrate industrial chain resources. and jointly explore the application fields of scientific research results and the effective market demand; secondly we should cultivate entrepreneurial spirit, strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of entrepreneurs, and create a good environment for innovation and entrepreneurship; thirdly different regions should reasonably evaluate their own industrial development level and actively promote inter-regional cooperation and exchanges; finally, we should pay more efforts to speed up the breakthrough of technical barriers, realize the re-integration of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, and ultimately achieve an effective improvement in the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries.#br#

In the historical intersection period of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, high-tech industry has become an important focus of competition among big countries. From the perspective of the development trend of global high-tech industry, the competition among major countries around the dominance of the value chain is becoming increasingly fierce, the control of industrial core technology and professional services in developed countries continue to be reinforced, and the problem of low-end locking of the value chain in developing countries has gradually become prominent. Consequently the problem of industrial upgrading obstruction caused by this has become increasingly complicated. #br#In order to accurately identify multiple factors and their internal influence mechanisms, the paper analyzes the differential upgrade configuration of 19 high-tech industries in China from the three dimensions of innovation input, institutional environment, and international knowledge spillover through configuration thinking and QCA method. Using the classification standard of the National Bureau of Statistics, this study divides the high-tech industry (manufacturing industry) into five categories: pharmaceutical manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical instrument and instrument manufacturing and information chemical manufacturing, and takes 19 sub industries as sample cases to explore the complex causes of the upgrading of high-tech industry. The 19 cases covered in this study belong to medium samples, and their sample size is matched with QCA method. The relevant data comes from the 2019 statistical yearbook of China's High Tech Industry.#br#The research explores the consistent connection between different antecedents and industrial upgrading, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations, with a view to providing theoretical and decision-making references for solving the upgrading difficulties of China's high-tech industries in the new era. The theoretical contributions of this research are as follows. (1) Based on the differentiated development characteristics of subdivided industries, the research classifies and discusses the status of barriers to value chain upgrades. It not only broadens the observation dimension of China's high-tech industry upgrading scenarios, but also overcomes the ambiguity of existing research on the interpretation of upgrade barriers. (2) The research uses qualitative comparison methods to examine how multidimensional factors affect the value chain upgrading status of high-tech industries. It is conducive to deepening the cognition and understanding of the complex causal mechanism behind the blocking situation. At the same time, it also fills the gap in the existing literature, and provides reference for follow-up research on blocking factors. (3) The research results about typical blocking paths and conditions are conducive to understanding the entry point of policy design, and they provide theoretical support for the formulation of more goal-oriented high-tech industry upgrading policies.#br#It is suggested that future research can be conducted from three aspects. Firstly, in the design of antecedent variables, based on the availability of data, this paper only considers the explicit factors such as innovation investment, institutional environment and international knowledge spillover, and it is insufficient to explore the situational factors of the internalization of China's high-tech industry. The follow-up research can strengthen the industry investigation and bring the implicit state indicators such as industrial ecology and organizational ability into the analysis framework. Secondly, this study focuses on identifying the upgrading blocking path of industry differentiation, but it does not clearly describe and explain the interaction mechanism and dynamic evolution process of various factors, and these are waiting for further study. Finally, in view of the uniqueness and complexity of the upgrading activities of high-tech industrial value chain in late developing countries, cross-border comparative analysis needs to be carried out from a broader global perspective in the future.#br#

Green technology innovation is considered to be one of the effective ways to transform the economic development mode and achieve sustainable development. Regarding how to realize green technology innovation, existing studies mainly focus on environmental regulation, leaving the green development of enterprises from the perspective of internet and commerce rarely untouched. Nowadays, the digital economy is becoming a leading force driving innovation and transformation. Digital technologies represented by big data and artificial intelligence have changed innovation factors and reduced cost of enterprises transactions. Therefore, this study aims to deeply investigate the influence and underlying mechanism of the development of Internet and e-commerce on enterprise green technology innovation.#br#The information impact brought by the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities provides a unique research perspective and opportunity for the above research. In order to give full play to the role of e-commerce in optimizing resource allocation, reducing energy consumption, and developing green economy, the government has carried out the pilot construction of e-commerce demonstration cities in 70 cities across China. In this paper, we take the construction of e-commerce demonstration cities as an exogenous policy shock, select the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2009 to 2019, and construct a difference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact and mechanism of urban e-commerce development on green technological innovation of micro enterprises.#br#It is found that the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities significantly improves the green technology innovation of enterprises in the pilot areas, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. However, in the long run, the innovation-driving effect of the policy shows a diminishing marginal contribution. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the pilot policy significantly promotes green technology innovation of enterprises in non-resource-based cities and areas with higher informatization, and has insignificant effects on resource-based cities and areas with low informatization. Meanwhile, the application of e-commerce has a greater impact on private enterprises' green technology innovation compared to state-owned enterprises. The mechanism test found that the e-commerce mainly promotes enterprises' green technological innovation by reducing their external transaction costs and internal control costs. In addition, compared with the manufacturing industry, the saving effect of commerce on transaction costs in the service industry is more obvious, and the saving effect on external transaction costs is greater than that on internal control costs.#br#This paper has marginal contributions in the following aspects. Firstly, in terms of research content, taking the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities as an exogenous policy shock, which not only can avoid the endogeneity problems caused by measurement errors and reverse causality, but also can expand the existing relevant research perspectives. Secondly, in terms of theoretical framework, this paper integrates transaction cost theory, bilateral market theory, and research results in the field of enterprise green technology innovation, which not only enriches the theoretical analysis of informatization and transaction cost, but also provides a new way of green technology innovation research. Thirdly, we further subdivide the total transaction cost into internal control cost and external market transaction cost, and separately explores the strength and direction of the transaction cost of different types of enterprises in influencing the process of green technological innovation, which provides useful policy insights for the in-depth promotion of pilot policy of e-commerce demonstration cities.#br#There are two aspects waiting for further improvement. On the one hand, there may be bias in the selection of listed companies as the research sample. Although the matching method is used in the robustness test to minimize the interference of selection bias, there are still many differences between listed companies and non-listed companies, both in terms of total number and scale, and further analysis and verification can be considered in the future using a more abundant large sample database. On the other hand, this paper only considers the impact of e-commerce development on enterprises' green technological innovation, without examining in depth whether enterprises can realize their transformation and upgrading after improving their green innovation capability, especially the green transformation and upgrading of polluting enterprises, which is the key to achieve green economic development at this stage. Therefore, in the future, the impact of Internet and commerce development on the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises can be further examined, as well as whether they can improve the green innovation ability of heavily polluting enterprises or promote their green transformation.#br#

Nowadays, data has become a key factor in corporate performance improvement and value creation. Meanwhile, the concept of data empowerment emerges, and it emphasizes the empowering value acquired by enterprises based on the use of data information and data technology. However currently only one-third of enterprises have activated data value, and not all companies trying to use data are able to discover the empowering value of data. Wherefore the empowering value of data currently needs to be further explored. The key to implement data empowerment is the implementation path instead of data itself. On this basis, this study focuses on how enterprises use data empowerment to obtain data empowering value. According to the existing studies, it is found that data is usually taken as a collection of information and its application is explored from a technical point of view. Consequently enterprises gain little despite of heavy investment. Therefor it is necessary to study data empowerment from a comprehensive perspective of resources, capabilities, and environment. Meanwhile, the existing studies have also pointed out that, only when an enterprise's resources and capabilities are effectively orchestrated and managed can the intrinsic value be truly obtained. The resource orchestration model can help enterprises open the black box of the process from resources to value. Therefore, this study utilizes the resource orchestration model to help enterprises deeply analyze the implement path of data empowerment. It will specifically explain how enterprises use the resource orchestration model to obtain the enabling value of data in the context of data so as to achieve data empowerment.#br#Taking Jiangxi Jucai Human Resources Group Co., Ltd. asthe exaple, this study adopted an exploratory single case study method and collected first-hand data through semi-structured interviews and field visits, and second-hand data through corporate official websites, public accounts, brochures, industry research reports and related news reports. Next, following the coding requirements of the normative coding steps for qualitative data in case studies, this study conducted three rounds of data analysis to systematically conceptualize the phenomenon. Eventually, a theoretical framework with logical relationships was formed.#br#Based on the resource orchestration model, enterprises can implement data empowerment through three processes: data structuring, data bundling with other enterprise resources, data leveraging and value creation. According to different stages of business development, the forms of data empowerment include supporting data empowerment, driving data empowerment and enabling data empowerment, and they have different implementation paths. Specifically, in the business formation stage, data structuring is formed through the acquisition of traditional information. Data bundling is implemented through the reorganization of existing resources based on personal experience analysis. Ultimately, data can support business formation, thereby realizing supporting data empowerment. In the business development stage, data structuring is formed through the intelligent acquisition of data information and the synchronization of data technology. Data bundling is implemented through the development of heterogeneous resources based on data information analysis. Therefore data can drive business expansion and implement driving data empowerment. In the business innovation stage, data structuring is formed through data information sharing, digital technology upgrade and technical team iteration. Data bundling is implemented through enterprise organization update based on data value mining. Ultimately, data can enable business innovation and implement enabling data empowerment.#br#Starting from the perspective of resources, this study clarifies the implementation path of data empowerment and provides a new research perspective for the study of data empowerment. Compared with the existing research which regards data empowerment as the intermediate process of enterprise value creation, this study takes data empowerment as one of the realization forms of enterprise value creation; in addition, this research enriches the application of the resource orchestration model in the big data context. Different from the existing research that mainly focuses on the arrangement of a single resource of data, this study explores the co-arrangement process of data and other resources to give full play to the multiplier effect of data and help enterprises maximize value, thus providing a new research direction for the study of resource orchestration models in the context of data. This study also has instructive significance for the utilization of enterprise data. First, in the process of implementing data empowerment, enterprises should pay attention to the interaction and collaboration of data and other resources. Secondly, enterprises should not put too much emphasis on new business, product and resources, while ignoring the utilization of existing resources and original service, which may also contain enormous power. Finally, in the process of implementing data empowerment, enterprises not only need to focus on creating internal value, but also need to help other participants in the enterprise ecosystem to create external value, so as to achieve value co-creation and win-win cooperation.#br#

Complex product development is the core of major national strategic needs and the game of big countries. It is difficult to coordinate the technological R&D and manufacturing operation process in complex product manufacturing, resulting in the slow speed of complex product development in China. Even Chinese suppliers of complex products gradually have developed the ability of independent innovation by joining the technology R&D system led by developed countries, they are still locked at the bottom of the global value chain (GVC) dominated by developed countries. In the face of global economic changes, enterprises have to reduce their international business, return to supply chain procurement, and actively build or join domestic value chain and R&D system, which can be called reverse internationalization of R&D network. In the context of reverse internationalization, Chinese complex product suppliers seek to build their own brands through the domestic industrial chain and value chain, and strives to achieve a higher position in the value chain. Based on the analysis of reverse internationalization of R&D network, this paper reveals the influence and mechanism of reverse internationalization of R&D network of complex product suppliers on enterprise innovation behavior.#br#Empirical research methods are used to explore the relationship among reverse internationalization degree of domestic complex product R&D network, knowledge acquisition ability, exploratory innovation behavior and exploitative innovation behavior. Thus, this paper selects middle and senior managers and R&D project leaders of complex product development enterprises in China as the initial samples to analyze reverse internationalization degree of R&D network and enterprise innovation behavior. Finally, valid sample data of 182 complex product suppliers is obtained. The hypotheses are verified by defining variables and constructing the multiple linear regression model. In order to further verify the intermediary role of knowledge acquisition ability, the bias-corrected bootstrap method with 5 000 bootstrap samples is employed. #br#The results show that reverse internationalization degree of domestic complex product R&D network has a significant positive correlation with the innovation behavior of complex product suppliers, and reverse internationalization degree of domestic complex product R&D network can positively affect the knowledge acquisition of domestic firms. Furthermore, knowledge acquisition ability partly mediates the relationship between reverse internationalization degree and innovation behavior of complex product suppliers. The level of urban economic development and infrastructure construction will not only affect the motivation of enterprises to participate in the reverse internationalization of R&D network, but also the effectiveness of the reverse internationalization of R&D network on enterprise innovation behavior. Specifically, in the context of reverse internationalization, enterprises with higher policy support, traffic development and opening could have more explorative innovation behaviors, while enterprises with weak infrastructure and innovation environment could have more exploitative innovation behaviors. China's complex product suppliers join or build a R&D network dominated by domestic complex product manufacturers, which helps to break the locking effect in the R&D internationalization system and stimulate enterprises' deep-seated innovation behavior. It is an effective way to realize independent innovation.#br#Based on the reverse internationalization theory, knowledge acquisition and innovation behavior theory, and relevant research results from the existing research, this paper explores the relationship between enterprise reverse internationalization and innovation behavior from the perspective of R&D network, which enriches the research in the field of enterprise reverse internationalization and innovation behavior. Taking Chinese complex product suppliers as research samples, it explores the relationship between reverse internationalization of R&D network and innovation behavior, verifies the views of previous literature, and focuses on the reverse internationalization of the R&D network of Chinese complex product suppliers. The conclusion of this study supports previous literature research views and expands the research on the value chain upgrading path of complex product suppliers in developing countries. The research results of the article also expands the application situation of knowledge management theory by exploring the relationship between reverse internationalization of R&D network, knowledge acquisition ability and enterprise innovation behavior. Previous studies have emphasized that R&D internationalization can effectively improve enterprise knowledge acquisition ability and significantly promote enterprise innovation. The results of this research show that reverse internationalization of enterprise R&D network can also improve enterprise knowledge acquisition ability, further stimulate enterprise innovation behavior and then expand knowledge management theory. In the era of anti-globalization and post epidemic, the above research conclusions are of practical significance to improve the knowledge acquisition ability of China's complex product development enterprises, stimulate their innovation behavior and finally to promote the domestic large cycle in the field of complex products.#br#

Military-civilian integration development is the only way to coordinate economic and national defense construction, realize the goal that the people are rich and the country is prosperous under the unification of national strategic system. China's military-civilian integration has moved from preliminary stage to deep integration, involving the adjustment of the relationship and reshaping of interests of multiple parties. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate various main forces and allocate various element resources through the two dimensions of legal system and legal operations in accordance with law. At present, the law enforcement of military-civilian integration is subject to the actual constraints of the military-civilian dual structure. Chinese military-civilian integration is in a state of incomplete system supply at the legal level of legal system and faces the dilemma of uncoordinated practice at the level of legal operation. To solve the dilemma of law enforcement in the deep development of military-civilian integration under the practical system, it is advisable to comprehensively adjust military-civilian integration behavior from the rule of law. On the one hand, we should formulate and promulgate a unified and effective Military-Civilian Integration Development Law in a timely manner; On the other hand, we should establish a military civilian integration rule of law implementation leadership system of unified leadership of the committee and group responsibility and an efficient military-civilian joint law enforcement mechanism.#br#The legal protection system consists of formal legal sources such as laws and regulations (hard law) and informal legal sources such as policy opinions (soft law).With the military-civilian integration entering the stage of in-depth development, it has become increasingly important. For a long time after the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has been implementing the national defense priority construction mode in the whole peacetime and wartime, which better meets the needs of national defense construction under the planned economy. After the reform and opening-up, the government gradually shifted the focus to economic development, and the leadership and management functions of national defense construction were divided to some extent. Gradually a military-civilian dual structure was formed in which economic construction and national defense construction were relatively isolated and operated independently. Under the dual system of military civilian separation, the whole national innovation system is actually divided into two independent operating systems, namely, civil science and technology innovation system and national defense science and technology innovation system. Under the mapping of military-civilian dual structure, there are many problems in Military-Civilian Integration legal norm system.#br#Therefore, the construction of legal protection in military-civilian Integration should focus on the establishment of a unified and complete legal policy system, and constantly consolidate the institutional basis for the implementation of the rule of law. At the same time, we should improve the coordinated and efficient implementation system of the rule of law in military-civilian integration process, exert the power of institutional innovation through the practice in military-civilian integration to promote mutual benefit between military and civilian policies, co-construction and sharing of resources and joint training of talents, and realize the importance of military-civilian integration resources, so as to promote more new technologies, new products, new formats and new modes to serve national defense construction and economic development.#br#

The social risk of emerging technologies including nuclear power, nanotechnology, biology, information and cognition technology is a general term for various negative effects that may bring to human society in the process of technological development. For example, before people have reached a scientific conclusion about the cross-generational impact of genetically modified food, a large number of genetically modified crop materials on the domestic and foreign markets have entered the production and processing chain. Technology is originally neutral, and people's improper application has caused technological risks. The Collingridge dilemma brought about by the social risks of emerging technologies has begun to emerge. Some countries use expert decision-making mode or public participation to resolve technical risks. Because expert decision-making is difficult to fully consider the public interests and value demands, while public participation has problems with opinions conflict and limited decision-making efficiency, some countries and regions have begun to actively explore prospective governance. Such as the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United States try to solve the lack of ethics and morality in the design of emerging technology products, and they launch the participatory or expected governance practices before the promotion of emerging technology products. In view of the fact that the existing prospective governance research is relatively scattered and vague, this study explores and examines the prospective governance characteristics of the social risk resolution of emerging technologies in multiple cases, and try to answer the core scientific question: what are the obvious characteristics of prospective governance for social risk reduction of emerging technologies?#br#Current research on prospective governance is still relatively scattered and vague. This study integrates prospective governance into structure-process-result factors, identifies the causal relationship between prospective governance and collective action, and constructs an analysis framework. The research data comes from the Web of Science, China Knowledge Network CSSCI and other databases, and it retrieves 10 cases of representative emerging technology governance after 2000. The study uses the text analysis method to extract the prospective governance characteristics of governance subject, governance process, governance result, and conducts expert inspection on it.#br#The research has extracted 12 prospective governance characteristics with various effects on achieving collective action. The governance structure features include science and technology committee mechanism, multi-subject collaborative decision-making mechanism, independent professional institution, and independent third-party evaluation. The characteristics of the process include official media propaganda, the stage of government decision-making information disclosure, the depth of public participation, the consistency of information transmission and acquisition, and the public setting issues, and the governance result characteristics include public participation results into the established decision-making agenda, veto power, and emerging technology public participate in laws and regulations. After two stages of empirical testing based on the analytic hierarchy process, the research results show that firstly experts agree that the most important characteristics are governance results, and governance processes characteristics are necessary conditions for collective action, but it is not a sufficient condition. Second, the study found that the characteristics of social group resistance and external causes are special variables of prospective governance in China. In the case, the characteristic of social group resistance is that experts and local governments raise objections to the central government, and public opinion strongly urges the cessation of technical project construction. At the same time, the characteristic of external cause is that the outbreak of technological risks has aggravated the public's panic about technological projects, strengthened the central government's supervision of technological projects, and led to the immediate cessation of the construction of technological projects. Meanwhile the scale of social group resistance has also played a very important role in changing technological decisions. Third, the subject-procedure-object framework proposed by Chilvers and Longhurst has been further improved. This study initially established the relationship between the prospective governance and collective action. Prospective governance influences collective actions through three factors of governance structure, process and results. There is also a certain degree of mutual influence among the three factors. Further research needs to expand the scope of emerging technologies governance cases or focus on a certain type of emerging technology governance cases, and combine quantitative research to verify the causal relationship among various factors.#br#

As the core strategy to seek national competitive advantage，innovation is greatly stressed all over the world. The essence of innovation-driven is talent-driven, so having first-class scientific and technological talents means having the advantages and leading power of scientific and technological innovation. Scientific and technological talents are the core elements of regional economic and social development as well as scientific and technological innovation. It is an urgent need for China's high-quality development to vigorously cultivate and introduce scientific and technological talents, reasonably promote the flow of scientific and technological talents between regions and industries, and form a highland for gathering scientific and technological talents. The agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is affected by the macro ecological environment, such as regional economic development level, cultural education, scientific and technological innovation mechanism and so on. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the macro-ecological environment factors that affect the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents and explores the multiple paths that affect the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The existing research mainly focuses on the analysis of the net effect of a single factor on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents by the traditional analysis method. The agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is a complex social phenomenon which is affected by the linkage of multiple factors. The existing research fails to systematically explain the multi-factor synergy effect of the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Therefore, based on the theory of talent ecological environment, this paper constructs a macro ecological environment theory model that affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to explore the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors affecting regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration.
In this paper, 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China are selected as the research cases, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to explore the complex influence mechanism of macro ecological environment factors on regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. Each research sample can reflect the current situation of regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. The conditions and outcome variables between the research samples have great heterogeneity, and meet the requirements of homogeneity and diversification of case selection.
The findings are as follows. Firstly, cultural education is a key factor for the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The necessity test results show that cultural education is a necessary condition for the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and as the core and edge conditions, it exists in the three paths of high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Secondly, there are four driving paths for the high agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents, including scientific and technological innovation-oriented, livable culture and education-oriented, economic science and technology innovation-oriented and culture and education-oriented. The non-high agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents includes six paths and has an asymmetric relationship with the driving path of high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents.
Based on the theory of talent ecosystem, this paper integrates the five factors of economic development, scientific and technological innovation, cultural education, livable environment and public service in the macro-ecological environment of talent, which lays a theoretical foundation for the empirical analysis of the synergistic influence mechanism of multiple factors of regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. This theoretical model helps to understand the macro-ecological environment that affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. From the perspective of configuration, this paper empirically discusses the overall synergistic effect of five factors, namely, economic development, scientific and technological innovation, cultural education, livable environment and public service, on the agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents. To a certain extent, it explains the causal complexity of regional scientific and technological talents agglomeration, and makes up for the deficiency of the existing research that focuses on the analysis of the causal relationship between a single macro ecological environment factor and the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. In this paper, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to study the phenomenon of scientific and technological talent agglomeration, which enhances the understanding and understanding of the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors affecting scientific and technological talent agglomeration.

Entrepreneurship is an activity with great risk of failure. Entrepreneurial passion is an important driver of entrepreneurial activities, and the key to carrying out subsequent team entrepreneurial activities is to rekindle team entrepreneurial passion. However, the existing research on team entrepreneurial passion is very weak, and there is a lack of research on the mechanism of motivating team entrepreneurial passion after entrepreneurial failure.#br#This study attempts to explore the formation path of team entrepreneurial passion from the perspective of failure recovery. Although the failure of entrepreneurship deal a heavy blow to the entrepreneurial team, the team's passion for entrepreneurship still has the potential to be rekindled if the team can achieve effective failure recovery, regain entrepreneurial confidence and enhance the team's sense of efficacy. However, what are the specific processes involved in entrepreneurial failure recovery? And how do these processes fuel the team's passion for entrepreneurship? Furthermore, the shared mental model is an important factor in facilitating knowledge sharing and capability enhancement, and it can effectively improve the team's sense of efficacy and thus has the potential to stimulate team entrepreneurial passion. So can the knowledge and experience gained from the entrepreneurial failure recovery contribute to the formation of shared mental model? Can shared mental model be the key link between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion? These are the questions this study aims to explore and answer. #br#Based on this, this study systematically reviewed the literature on entrepreneurial failure recovery, shared mental model and team entrepreneurial passion, and then it introduced shared mental model as mediating variables between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion to construct a model of the effect of entrepreneurial failure recovery on team entrepreneurial passion. After that this study proposed research hypotheses, and conducted empirical analysis on the 294 valid questionnaires collected. The results of the study indicated that (1) entrepreneurial failure recovery has a significant positive effect on team entrepreneurial passion, and all three dimensions of entrepreneurial failure recovery including emotional regulation, critical reflection and reflective action contribute to re-energizing team entrepreneurial passion. This indicates that entrepreneurial failure recovery is necessary to stimulate team entrepreneurial passion, and the effective promotion of the entrepreneurial failure recovery process greatly contributes to the formation of team entrepreneurial passion; (2) entrepreneurial failure recovery had a positive effect on the collaborative shared mental model, while the positive effect of entrepreneurial failure recovery on the task-based shared mental model was partially supported. Although the effect of emotion regulation on the task-based shared mental model was not significant, both critical reflection and reflective action have a significant positive effect on task-based shared mental model; 3) there was a significant positive correlation between shared mental model and team entrepreneurial passion, and the more mature the task-based and collaborative shared mental model was, the more they contributed to the formation and development of team entrepreneurial passion. This indicates that shared mental model is also an important source of team entrepreneurial passion; 4) collaborative shared mental model played a mediating role between three dimensions of entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion, while the task-based shared mental model only mediated between critical reflection, reflective action, and team entrepreneurial passion. Overall, the shared mental model was the intermediate link between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion. Entrepreneurial failure recovery rekindled team entrepreneurial passion by promoting the formation and development of task-based shared mental model and collaborative shared mental model. According to the above results, this study provides countermeasures and suggestions for rekindling team entrepreneurial passion by effectively promoting entrepreneurial failure recovery, nurturing and developing shared mental model, and providing external supports.#br#The theoretical contribution of this study is that it innovatively links entrepreneurial failure with entrepreneurial passion to explore the mechanism of motivating team entrepreneurial passion in failure situations, and creatively constructs the influence path of "entrepreneurial failure recovery—shared mental model—team entrepreneurial passion", thus expanding the study of the factors influencing team entrepreneurial passion. The empirical findings reveal a complex mechanism between entrepreneurial failure recovery and team entrepreneurial passion, which makes up for the lack of domestic entrepreneurial passion research theories in China and provides theoretical guidance for entrepreneurial teams to get out of the shadow of failure and rekindle their entrepreneurial passion.#br#

With the deep integration of technology and society, responsible innovation has become a hot academic issue. This study selects the journal papers related to responsible innovation from Web of Science and CNKI databases, and comprehensively uses quantitative analysis methods such as bibliometrics and multivariate statistics to visually analyze the external characteristics, hot topics and cutting-edge trends, and clarify the subject knowledge base of research in this field. Then it explores the construction of a knowledge framework for responsible innovation, providing a reference for further research in this field.#br#In terms of external characteristics, from 2009 to 2020, the volume of foreign publications, domestic publications and total domestic and foreign publications all showed an upward trend in general, but in terms of domestic and foreign comparisons, not only the number of foreign publications was significantly higher, but also earlier than domestic ones. The mainstream foreign journal Research Policy publishes fewer papers, but has the highest citation frequency, while Journal of Responsible Innovation publishes the most papers with the aim to provide a dedicated platform for comprehensively and systematically clarifying and discussing issues related to responsible innovation. The distribution of domestic mainstream journals on responsible innovation research is mainly concentrated in the disciplines of philosophy and management science. Delft University of Technology and Arizona State University started early in the field of responsible innovation and achieved fruitful results, while the University of Exeter, Arizona State University and Oxford University are at the core of the surrounding cooperation network and have a certain academic influence force. The domestic responsible innovation research institutions are mainly colleges and universities featuring agriculture, forestry, science and technology, represented by Tsinghua University and Nanjing Forestry University. Foreign responsible innovation scholars mainly play an important role in the research team represented by Stilgoe, Blok, Stahl and Fisher, etc. There are also fewer domestic scholars studying responsible innovation, mainly Mei Liang, Chen Jin, Liu Zhanxiong, et al. Responsible innovation research presents interdisciplinary characteristics, and it is an interdisciplinary subject of psychology, education, economics, politics, biology and other disciplines.#br#In terms of hot frontiers, by extracting the key words or themes that express the core contents of the literature, this study combines key word frequency and co-occurrence network analysis to explore the research development trends and hot topics in this field. The hot topics of responsible innovation research mainly focus on four aspects: responsible innovation connotation and theoretical framework construction research, responsible innovation and stakeholder participation research, responsible innovation cross-border integration research, responsible innovation methods, practice and evaluation research. At the same time, the research frontier in the field of responsible innovation is explored comprehensively based on the composite relationship method and burst detection. According to the mutation and keyword clustering of 947 co-cited documents over time, a total of 17 clusters were formed, namely innovation policy, ethics, choice environment, autonomous vehicles, RRI vision, framework, genetically modified mosquitoes, and emerging technology governance. , gene drives, ethics, law and social impact (ELSI), neuroethics, research, debate, dual use, robotics ethics, agricultural models, engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations. In recent years, mutation keywords in the field of responsible innovation include perception, biofuels, social groups, responsibility, systems, political activities, gene editing, research and experimental development, etc. Therefore, the research frontier topics in this field are mainly divided into three aspects: research on responsible innovation and ethical norms, research on responsible innovation and emerging technology governance, and research on social embeddedness and political agenda of responsible innovation.#br#In terms of knowledge framework, based on the three standards of comprehensiveness, logic and independence, following the CIMO logic proposed by relevant scholars, a responsible innovation CTIMO knowledge framework of context-theoretical connotation-interventions-mechanisms- outcomes is constructed. The CTIMO knowledge framework summarizes the research status and progress in the field of responsible innovation, especially through quantitative analysis to identify the context and theoretical connotations of this field, which helps researchers to pay more attention to contextual characteristics and theory in the following study. The connotation is embedded in the logical process of intervention, mechanism and result, which promotes the organic integration of contextual research and theory construction, and then realizes the deepening of responsible innovation research in emerging economies, emerging technologies, and interdisciplinary research. Finally, it proposes future research prospects from the institutional context, stakeholder management, and organization-level evaluation.#br#

As a unique element of new economic development, digitalization plays an increasingly important role. The technological development driven by digitalization has forced the innovative paradigm to change and the innovation process has also made a leap from the linear paradigm of the inner-enterprise or collaborative paradigm of innovation to the digital platform ecosystem (DPE) paradigm.#br#The DPE is built upon the platforms supported by the developing Internet technology. The inter-platform structure reaching all entities for value creation is supported by the digital technology infrastructure based on the large-scale collective actors' collaboration. How to coordinate the subjects in the DPE to create value is the key focus which breakthroughs the temporal and spatial constraints, activates the potential resources of discrete distribution, and makes it possible for the distributed innovations on the ultra-large-scale. The value-creation subjects constantly emerge, and the value relations show an ecological trend. This paper carefully examines the value subject, valuable resource, and value space of the DPE returns to the logical starting point of value generation and studies the new rules of value creation activities with the background of digital innovation practice.#br#In the era of the digital economy, the homogeneous demand is gradually satisfied, the blind spot of personalized desire is also exposed, and the value creation on the supply side begins to shift to the demand side. Digital technology provides more opportunities for the value interaction between the supply and the demand, creating a more extended value interface. The DPE relies on the demand-side value proposition to realize the extension of the horizontal value interface and the construction of the vertical intelligent response system. Therefore, this paper begins with analyzing the value source transformation in the era of digital innovation, maximizes the function of the digital factor, and achieves a seamless connection between the supply side and the demand side.#br#The underlying logic of the DPE subverts the traditional economic theories and assumptions so that many basic concepts are no longer applicable in the era of the digital economy. Among them, the most direct effect is the significant reduction of three cost factors that determine the transaction. The unique net economy generates more creative portfolio solutions, the multiplier effect of the value creation process becomes tangible, cross-border operation brings new market opportunities, new value sources are continuously discovered, and new business models constantly appear. So this paper demonstrates the value-allocated space evolution and its extension, analyzes the value discovery and value creation carried by the net economy, and confirms that the value is co-created by the supply side, the demand side, and the rule-design side. In other words, the rule-design side, the supply side, and the demand side share the profits from this business model.#br#Unlike the three-step strategy, i.e. the value of design, value creation, and value realization in the traditional industrial economy times, DPE is value-oriented, committing to design a smaller deviation. Through user participation, DPE could accurately handle the personalized demands, and via transferring users into knowledge producers, users get involved in the value creation. Based on the reality of DPE competition, the “canopy strategy” has been widely used. Assisted by the canopy partner or canopy user diversion strategy, DPE can quickly leverage the potential niche market and achieve rapid value acquisition. The will-based value isolation mechanism ensures the continuity of value capture in the DPE. From this, the paper deciphers the value acquisition of DPE and explains the user value co-creation in the start-up stage, the canopy strategic expansion in the expansion stage, and the value isolation mechanism in the maintenance stage, and the will-based value isolation mechanism is the main means of value protection in the DPE.#br#The findings provide innovative theoretical guidance for innovation strategy and innovation governance in the digital era. This paper not only explores how each value creation subject of the DPE realizes system-level value, but also develops a dynamic path to realize the value of the digital economy and standardizes the value spillover. DPE achieves value discovery through cross-border convergence. In the era of the digital economy, attention should be paid to the construction of a digital innovation strategy, the establishment of a digital community with a shared future, and the innovation governance mechanism should be used to ensure the efficient operation of DPE to form a collaborative governance system.#br#

Advanced manufacturing technology is an important distribution field of "neck" technology in China. Its technology upgrading and catch-up are important contents of innovation strategy in China. China's technological development level has entered the post catch-up stage, and the diminishing marginal benefits of late development advantages and the technological blockade of developed countries limit the development of advanced manufacturing technology in China. It has become an important issue to find an effective way to break through the "technology catch-up trap" of advanced manufacturing at present. Advanced manufacturing technology has the characteristics of complex track, long development cycle, high uncertainty in the process of industrialization and strong dependence on new knowledge. By analyzing the technical characteristics of the dependence on cutting-edge knowledge in the process of advanced manufacturing technology breakthrough, we can explore the possible path to narrow advanced manufacturing technology gap between China and technology frontier is in basic research. However, due to the imbalance of technology development in the different sub fields of advanced manufacturing technology and the different stages of technology catch-up in China as a late developing country, it deserves further exploration if there are stage differences in the role of basic research vertically and whether there are structural differences horizontally . Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the convergence of the technology gap between China's advanced manufacturing technology and developed countries based on the impact of basic research, which can enrich China's technology catch-up theory in the post catch-up stage and explore the key ways to upgrade advanced manufacturing technology.#br#According to the three-level system of American Academy of Mechanical Sciences, advanced manufacturing technology is divided into 11 technical sub fields. This paper collects the data of 11 technical sub fields of advanced manufacturing technology patents and scientific and technological papers from major developed industrial countries in the world from 1994 to 2019 in Derwent Innovations Index (DII) and Web of Science, based on which an econometric model is constructed and the intermediary role of R&D enterprises is introduced and the effect of basic research in catch-up stage and post catch-up stageis compared. Furthermore, the dominant technology comparative advantage is introduced as the variable of technology attributes of sub fields to discuss the influence of technology domain structural differences on the effect of basic research in convergence of technology gap.#br#The results show that basic research is an important factor affecting the convergence of China's advanced manufacturing technology to the international frontier in the post catch-up stage. It has a significant positive impact on the convergence of technology gap, which is more significant than that in the catch-up stage. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of advanced manufacturing technology affect the role of basic research in the convergence of China's advanced manufacturing technology gap. Compared with the technology sub field without dominant technology comparative advantage, basic research in the sub field with dominant technology comparative advantage has a more significant impact on the technology gap.#br#Based on the stages of the catch-up process of advanced manufacturing technology and the structural differences in technical sub fields, this paper studies the impact and mechanism of basic research on the convergence of China's advanced manufacturing technology to the international frontier under the new situation of post catch-up stage, and looks for the opportunity space for basic research. The research results of this paper provide policy suggestions for the development of advanced manufacturing technology in China. First of all, the government should pay more attention to and invest in basic research and establish a good industry-university research model. Second, the government should grasp the opportunity for advanced manufacturing technology to catch up with stage changes and adjust the allocation of resources in time. Third, the government should vigorously support R&D enterprises and create a policy environment conducive to innovation. Furthermore, this paper verifies the existence of the role of basic research in advanced manufacturing technology catch-up and the constraints of catch-up cycle and technical attributes, which provides a new situation for the technology catch-up theory of late developing economies and is a useful supplement to the technology catch-up theory.#br#

Nowadays reverse globalization prevails coupling with the impact of COVID-19 on the global industrial chain. The highly uncertain international market environment has brought severe tests to the development of firms. In such a chaotic and changeable global market environment, it is the key way for firms to break through environmental constraints and achieve "common prosperity" by widely connecting partners to jointly build an innovation ecosystem, resist external risks and create value together. Then, under the pressure of the external environment, what value co-creation path will the innovation ecosystem based on different value propositions take? #br#This paper is based on the symbiosis theory, extracts the core factors affecting value co-creation from the three levels of micro innovation actors, meso innovation network and macro innovation environment. It constructs the configuration model of value co-creation of the innovation ecosystem. Taking 7 core firms and their innovation partners as the cases, the study uses the fsQCA method to carry out configuration analysis and reveal the mechanism path of technology-orientated and market-orientated value co-creation in the innovation ecosystem.#br#The results show that firstly technology-orientated innovation ecosystem emphasizes that leaders and actors should have innovation ability, especially the innovation ability of leaders is more important. At the same time, leaders and actors need to have a good cooperative relationship. In the innovation ecosystem with technological breakthrough as the core value goal, we should pay attention to cultivating innovation ability, selecting and equipping actors with innovation ability, constantly enhancing internal cohesion, building a community with a scientific future, and promoting the joint creation of technological value. Meanwhile we can rely on the digital environment and external innovation networks to obtain innovation resources, but the co-creation of technological value ultimately mainly depends on the endogenous power of the innovation actors. Secondly, the market-oriented innovation ecosystem emphasizes that the realization of market value co-creation requires a good market environment and the digital environment, especially the digital environment plays an important role. It can be seen that the value co-creation of the market-oriented innovation ecosystem mainly depends on exogenous power. Core firms need to focus on increasing the scale and viscosity of innovation network and realize value co-creation by integrating external resources, expanding the scope of cooperation with the network effect. Meanwhile, we can promote the co-creation of market value by increasing innovation cooperation and interaction and improving the investment degree of actors. Thirdly, for both market-oriented and market-oriented innovation, ecosystem value co-creation is organizational behavior and model of multi-agent, multi-dimensional, cross-level mutually beneficial symbiosis and integrated symbiosis. In the process of creating ecosystem value, firms should not only focus on the formulation of ecosystem value strategies but also pay attention to the realization of ecosystem value. Fourthly, the digital environment has become an innovative environment that can not be ignored for policymakers. There is a high level of technology and market value creation in the cases of regions with high-level digital environments. Therefore, government departments should optimize the construction of digital infrastructure according to the actual situation of regional development, focusing on cultivating digital technology as an important market element.#br#Compared with previous studies in which the realization mechanism of value co-creation of innovation ecosystem formed by different value propositions has not been further explored, this study distinguishes between technology-orientated and market-oriented innovation ecosystem based on the heterogeneity of the core value proposition of innovation ecosystem. It expands the understanding and cognition of value co-creation of innovation ecosystem under two different value propositions of technology orientation and market orientation and also lays a research foundation for further exploring heterogeneous innovation ecosystem in future research. Secondly, the existing research on value co-creation of the innovation ecosystem is mostly based on the analysis of single-level perspectives, such as innovation subject and innovation network, and most of them employ case anecdotes of theoretical reasoning. Based on the symbiotic theoretical analysis framework of innovation ecology, this paper integrates six subordinate conditions of three levels: micro innovation subject, meso innovation network and macro innovation environment, and constructs a configuration analysis model. Thirdly, there is a lack of consideration of the heterogeneity innovation ecosystem in previous studies. This study uses the fsQCA analysis method to identify the antecedent conditions and clarify the necessity and importance of these antecedent conditions from different levels in the value co-creation of the two types of innovation ecosystems.#br#

The core position of innovation in the modernization drive is stressed in theFourteenth Five-Year Plan. At present, China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities are constantly improving, but the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress is still far from being satisfactory. There are still many obstacles in the deep integration of science and technology and the economy, and the path of innovation leads economic development has not been realized. In order to achieve the goal of science and technology, industry and economy powerhouse, it has become a common concern of the government and academia of how to further promote the deep integration of science and technology and economy, and achieve innovation-led economic development.#br#　Entrepreneurial incubation is an important link in promoting innovation to lead economic development, and it is the infrastructure for a new round of industrial transformation. The existing system is significantly incompatible with the needs of scientific and technological entrepreneurship, and the entrepreneurial incubation ecosystem has not yet been formed. It is necessary to adhere to the "two-wheel drive" of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, remove the institutional and mechanisms obstacles that refrain scientific and technological innovation, and to activate the new engine of innovation at full speed. Existing economic theories have affirmed the important role of science and technology in promoting economic growth and proved the significance of entrepreneurship in promoting economic development. But it is inconsistent and inconclusive about the concepts, accurate measurement methods and the mechanism by which entrepreneurial incubation promotes the integration of technology and economy.#br#　Focusing on the path of entrepreneurial incubation to promote innovation and lead economic development, first, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress is decomposed into four items: technological progress rate, technical efficiency, allocation efficiency and scale efficiency. Combined with the influence of entrepreneurial incubation, the latter three are selected as the measure of innovation leading indicators of economic development. Based on the model derivation, the mechanism of entrepreneurial incubation to promote innovation and lead economic development is proposed as follows. Resource integration of incubators improves the allocation efficiency through Pareto improvement, incubation investment improves scale efficiency through income effect, and technical service improves technical efficiency through substitution effect. #br#　Based on China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2019, the Bootstrap method under the mixed effects assumption, the stepwise regression method under the random/fixed effects assumption, and the sobel test are used to test the mediating effect of entrepreneurial incubation on allocation efficiency, scale efficiency, and technical efficiency. The research results show that the number of incubators, humanity input, venture capital and technical services have obvious mediating effects on allocation efficiency, scale efficiency and technical efficiency. Entrepreneurial incubation promotes the process of innovation leading economic development through the path of innovation industrialization. Therefore, it is proposed to expand the scale of the incubator through a platform-based and networked approach to improve the allocation efficiency, optimize the "join in—transfer—exit" system of entrepreneurial incubation funds to improve scale efficiency and build an "Incubator 4.0" model of maker space to improve technology efficiency policy recommendations.#br#　The innovations of this paper are presented in the following. First, for the quantification of innovation-led economic development indicators, most of the indicators for measuring the contribution rate of science and technology economy in the existing literature are total factor productivity, and few research focus on the influencing factors and mechanism. Based on the decomposition of the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, this paper quantifies the index of innovation leading economic development into allocation efficiency, scale efficiency and technical efficiency, focusing on the role of entrepreneurial incubation in improving efficiency, and constructing entrepreneurial incubation to promote innovation leads economic development. The analysis framework and mechanism take the scale of business incubation as the core research variable, and builds a mediating effect model with the number of business incubators, the investment of business incubators, the amount of venture capital, and the number of technical services as the mediating variables. Second, a variety of elements and the integration of technology and economy are analyzed in the same framework, forming a business incubation analysis framework around "startup nursery (maker space) + incubator (professional incubator) + accelerator (startup incubation capital)" to explore the realization of new entrepreneurial incubation, the logical process and internal mechanism of industry formation and economic growth.#br#

In recent years, the competition for high-end talents is becoming increasingly fierce all over the world. There are fierce talent competitions in major and medium-sized cities in China, triggering an unprecedented war for talent. As an important resource to drive the flow of regional talent, government competition has become an important factor. In addition, the local government competition is closely related to the regional opening-up, and with the improvement of the level of regional opening-up, the flow of talents is becoming increasingly frequent. Does regional opening-up play an intermediary role in government competition and affect the flow of talents? How should researchers study and evaluate the effect of government competition behavior and regional opening-up to help attract talents? These practical questions are worth exploring and there is the need of rigorous empirical analysis and robustness tests to provide scientific solutions.#br#The relationship between government competition behavior and the regional talent flow has always been a hot topic in academic circles. Some scholars have been made aware of the impacts of government competition behavior, many studies have verified government competition behavior can affect the regional talent flow, and the level of regional opening-up can also affect the flow of talents, but the existing literature seldom deals with the impact of the combination of local government competition behavior and regional opening-upon regional talent flow.#br#Therefore compared with the above studies, this study uses an intermediary effect model to explore the impact mechanism of government competition behavior on the regional talent flow through the regional opening-up. It takes three factors of finance, regulation, and investment attraction to measure the government competition behavior. Then it chooses the talent location entropy to measure the regional talent flow. Technology openness, economic openness, and social openness are used to measure the regional opening-up, and regional economic distance is the control variable. Furthermore, to refine the intermediary effect model, it is necessary to make reasonable assumptions about the regional talent flow caused by government competition behavior as well as the regional opening-up. Therefore, this study proposes two hypotheses.#br#Hypothesis 1. The competitive behavior of local government has a certain impact on reducing the difference in regional talent flow, which is specifically manifested as the influence of finance, regulation, and investment attraction on regional talent flow.#br#Hypothesis 2. Local government competition behavior indirectly affects regional talent flow through regional opening-up, that is, the level of regional opening-up is an important intermediary variable for local government behavior to affect regional talent flow.#br#This study selects 48 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research samples, the differentiated government competition behavior of pilot listed regions in 2017 and non-pilot listed regions until 2019 before and after the talent competition was examined in this paper. The research data were mainly derived from the China Urban Statistical Yearbook.#br#The research results show that the government competition behavior and the level of regional opening-up are important factors which affect the regional talent flow. Specifically, local government competition behavior has a significant positive impact on the regional talent flow, which can directly promote the flow of regional talents, and it is embodied in the fact that the greater the investment of local governments in finance, regulation and investment, the stronger the competitiveness and the more conducive to the flow of talents. Furthermore, the competitive behavior of local government still has a significant impact on the flow of regional talents through regional opening-up. To conclude, it shows that the government competition behavior not only directly promotes the flow of regional talents, but also indirectly promotes the regional talent flow through the regional opening-up. According to the research conclusions of this study, some feasible policies are proposed to address the problem of how to narrow the gap of regional talent flow.#br#The contributions of the study are as follows: Firstly, the mechanism of government competition behavior on narrowing the gap in regional talent flow is studied from the perspective of government intervention, which makes up for the lack of regional talent flow literature. Secondly, this study combines the local government competition behavior, regional opening-up, and regional talent flow into the theoretical framework, and uses the intermediary effect model. The impact of government competition behavior on regional talent flow under the role of the intermediary variable of regional opening-up is analyzed, providing guidance for China's regional talent flow.#br#

Main operating income of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing comes from the communication equipment manufacturing industry.As the supporting industry of the communication industry, the electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing has a bright future.Therefore, taking the electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing as the research object, this study focuses on the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation efficiency in the two-stage process of production innovation.According to the existing research, it’s generally believed that the traditional distribution of regional innovation efficiency is no longer high in the east and low in the west, and the difference of innovation efficiency among the eastern, central and western regions is gradually narrowing.However, after years of development, under the joint action of various factors, what is the current distribution of innovation efficiency in various regions of China? What factors will affect innovation efficiency? Are the paths of various factors affecting innovation efficiency the same? These questions need to be answered.In addition, there are few articles digging the efficiency of innovation process from the perspective of innovation value chain, and the government has a certain blindness in planning and making decisions on the development of regional related industries.#br#Therefore, using the provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019, from the perspective of innovation value chain, this study disassembles the innovation process of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing into two stages: knowledge production stage and achievement transformation stage.Firstly, the industrial agglomeration of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing in regions from 2009 to 2019 is measured by the location entropy index which is quantified by the number of employees in relevant industries.Secondly, the Malmquist index is used to calculate the innovation efficiency of each region in the two stages of innovation, and this paper compares the efficiency values of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing in the eastern, central and western regions in different innovation stages.Finally, the stochastic frontier model is used to investigate the impact of industrial agglomeration on innovation efficiency in each stage.#br#The study draws the following conclusions.(1) The regional innovation efficiency of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing in the eastern, central and western regions do not show the distribution characteristics of high innovation efficiency in the east and low in the west in the two-stage innovation process, and the distribution of innovation efficiency does not show obvious regional characteristics.(2) The industrial agglomeration of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing does not show the traditional trend of high in the east and low in the west.In addition, the degree of industrial agglomeration of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing in most regions is increasing year by year.Although the industrial agglomeration level of Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Tianjin is high, the overall industrial agglomeration level shows a downward trend.(3) The regional innovation efficiency of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing in the knowledge production stage is generally higher than that in the achievement transformation stage,.It is consistent with the current development of China's high-tech industry.The differences of innovation efficiency in developed cities is much greater.The achievement transformation efficiency is higher than knowledge production efficiency in a few cities in Jiangsu and Yunnan.The innovation efficiency of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing in Guangdong Province is generally at the optimal level in the two stages.(4) The industrial agglomeration of electronic and telecommunication equipment manufacturing hinders the improvement of regional innovation efficiency, which is more obvious in achievement transformation.This is unfavorable for innovation activities.The support of government funds and policies promotes the efficiency of regional innovation in the stage of knowledge production, but hinders the development of regional innovation in the stage of achievement transformation.#br#

Green manufacturing is one of the main directions of the manufacturing power strategy of “made in China 2025”, and also the direction and goal of China's manufacturing industry transformation. In order to fulfill the goal of "dual-carbon", it is urgent to build an efficient, clean, low-carbon and circular green manufacturing system, which also puts forward higher requirements for financial services. As the innovation of products and services in traditional financial industry, fintech is an important driving force for achieving green transformation in manufacturing industry. Existing literature pays high attention to the factors of the green transformation of manufacturing industry, industry differences and the relationship between fintech and industrial structure transformation or manufacturing structure optimization, but little focus on regional synergy and cooperative evolution law between fintech and the green transformation of manufacturing industry.#br#Therefor this paper sorts out the relevant literature at home and abroad, and explains the composition and operation of the manufacturing green transformation system, fintech system and the "fintech-manufacturing green transformation" composite system from the perspective of system science. The synergy theory is introduced into the composite system of "fintech-manufacturing green transformation", and its collaborative evolution mechanism is analyzed. The index system that measures the green transformation subsystem of manufacturing industry is constructed from the four dimensions of green development contribution, green innovation driven, green environmental regulation and regional green guarantee. The comprehensive index method is used to evaluate it’s state level, meanwhile, the digital financial inclusion index is used to measure the fintech subsystem. The panel data of 30 (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) provincial administrative regions from 2011 to 2019 in mainland China were selected to perform an empirical analysis. The collaborative evolution mechanism of the composite system of "fintech-manufacturing green transformation" was demonstrated by Haken model, and the synergistic difference of composite system in the four economic regional of China was measured by Theil index.#br#Compared with previous studies, this study for the first time introduces the theory of synergy into the research of the synergy relationship between fintech and the green transformation of manufacturing industry, and expands the research perspective. This study contributes to the existing literature in two aspects. First, as for research method, it not only explains the collaborative evolution mechanism of composite system, but also interprets the law of collaborative evolution by using Haken model. Second, as for research value, we study the coordination between fintech and the green transformation of manufacturing industry from a dynamic perspective, and explore the internal logic of the evolution. This paper provides a reference for policy-making which aims to make regional fintech better serve the green transformation of manufacturing industry.#br#Three conclusions were drawn from this study. First, there is a collaborative evolution mechanism in the composite system of "fintech-manufacturing green transformation", meanwhile, the structure and order degree of coevolution depends on the level of green transformation of manufacturing industry. Second, the average synergy level of the "fintech-green transformation of manufacturing" composite system is bounded by the "Made in China 2025" strategy which shows obvious stage characteristics. Third the synergistic differences of "fintech-green transformation of manufacturing" composite system in the different regions of China is small. However, there is an overall trend of expansion.#br#Three important implications are proposed accordingly. Firstly, we should accelerate the pace of green transformation of manufacturing industry to drive the coordinated development of fintech with the higher requirements of financial products and services for the green development of manufacturing industry. Only in this way can we improve the coordination level, promote the order and optimize the structure of composite system. Second, it is necessary to promote the green demonstration experience in manufacturing industry, and narrow the regional differences of composite system synergy. Third, guided by the concept of regional cooperation and regional coordinated development, we will improve the fintech support system for the green development of the manufacturing industry.#br#

Chinese entities are taking digital transformation as a means to promote their high-quality development. More and more companies have discovered in their production practices that the traditional path cannot well guide their companies to achieve high-level development in digital economy. Path dependence issues are widespread in the evolution of China's regional industries. Some scholars have found that path-dependent new industries accounted for about 70% of the total number of new industries from 2000 to 2016. In digital economy, China's advanced manufacturing companies have a strong willingness for transformation. However, due to the widespread path dependence and innovation burnout among companies, it is difficult for digital technology to be organically integrated into advanced manufacturing companies in a short period of time. The role of high-quality transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry is not obvious. Moreover, there are huge differences in the production capacity, technical level, and number of employees between enterprises. The results obtained through a single-path study are difficult to distinguish on the issue of path dependence, and the conclusions cannot well guide China's advanced manufacturing enterprises which have realized digital transformation. Therefore, this research regards the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry as a process in which the manufacturing industry applies digital technology to promote its own high-quality development, i.e. the organic integration of manufacturing and digital technology. This study combines the "Technology-Organization-Environment" (TOE) theoretical framework suitable for studying the transfer of emerging technologies and the regional industrial development paths model for distinguishing path types. The case samples are 27 advanced manufacturing companies in China, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (QCA)is used to explore the digital technology transition, management mode change and other pre-factors to promote the digital transformation of advanced manufacturing configuration path, with the aim to open the "black box" of digital transformation of advanced manufacturing and provide guidance for digital transformation of other manufacturing enterprises.#br#This research combines path dependence theory, configuration perspective, TOE theoretical framework, and existing research, combined with the specific context of digital transformation of China's advanced manufacturing industry, under the premise of comprehensive consideration of research samples, research methods, research feasibility and other factors, determine the conditional variables that drive the digital transformation of advanced manufacturing from the three aspects of technology, organization and environment. Based on the path dependence theory, path breakthrough theory and regional industrial development paths model in the field of evolutionary economic geography, the advanced manufacturing development paths model is constructed, combined with the TOE theoretical framework, the driving factors model of digital transformation of advanced manufacturing is constructed from the configuration perspective. Use the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze the 27 pieces of advanced manufacturing enterprise data, and rely on the advanced manufacturing development paths model to explore the configuration path inspection results from the path dependence perspective.#br#It is found that firstly any single antecedent condition in each dimension cannot constitute a necessary condition on its own for the digital transformation of advanced manufacturing, antecedent conditions need to be matched through configuration to promote the digital transformation of advanced manufacturing. The research results show that although the transition of digital technology and the change of management mode are the core conditions in the digital transformation configuration path of advanced manufacturing, a single precondition cannot well guide advanced manufacturing to realize digital transformation. It is found that the multi-factor combination-driven strategy is obviously better than the single-factor-driven strategy. Secondly, advanced manufacturing needs to focus on the technological relevance and environmental adaptability of micro-enterprises indigital transformation. The presence of digital technology transitions, management model changes, and corporate competitive pressures has repeatedly served as the core conditions, and the combination of digital technology transitions and management model changes can play the greatest role. Judging from the results of guiding the digital transformation of advanced manufacturing, the multi-factor combination driving strategy of low technological relevance and high environmental adaptability has a higher probability of achieving digital transformation of advanced manufacturing compared with other strategies. Finally, the path-breakthrough configuration path is more likely to realize the digital transformation of the advanced manufacturing industry than other types of paths, and the path-dependent configuration path cannot promote the realization of the digital transformation of the advanced manufacturing industry. This research collects relevant data in the form of questionnaires, which may cause common methodological deviations, panel data can be used to carry out empirical research in the future.#br#