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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2023 Vol.40 Issue.12
Published 2023-06-25
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Digital Innovation Column
Digital Innovation Column
1 Can the Digital Economy Improve the Quality of Enterprise Innovation？ A Perspective Based on the Neo-Schumpeterian Growth Theory
Song Jing,Chen Lianghua ,Ye Tao
According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the number of patent applications in China has ranked first in the past decade, but the problems of the "patent bubble" and "innovation illusion" are prominent. The proportion of high-quality patents needs to be improved, and the strength of support provided by patents for industrial transformation and the coupling effect on the real economy are not obvious. Therefore, how to effectively boost the digital economy to achieve high-quality innovation for enterprises has been discussed in the academic community and industry in recent years.#br#The existing literature provides a theoretical reference for this study, and the relevant theories cover the micro-effect of the digital economy and the factors of enterprise innovation quality,but they lack research from the perspective of innovation quality, and rarely discuss its impact mechanism. Patent application may be the choice of enterprises to cater to government subsidies and preferential policies, and enterprises may blindly pursue innovation quantity, leading to the phenomenon of "patent bubble" .#br#Instead of using the invention patent quantity to measure innovation quality, this paper adopts the patent knowledge-width as the agent index of enterprise innovation quality, and builds the index that makes a more comprehensive reflection of enterprise innovation quality for the subsequent evaluation of enterprise innovation quality and economic effect.#br#Against the backdrop of building the digital economy development system, this paper uses the sample the Chinese listed companies between 2011 and 2021 to analyze the influence of the digital economy on enterprise innovation quality. It is found that the firstly digital economy has improved enterprise innovation quality; secondly, external media attention, redundant resources and executive R&D experience will strengthen the positive relationship between the digital economy and enterprise innovation quality; further, the incentive effect of digital economy on enterprise innovation quality benefits from the upgrading of enterprise human capital and the improvement of research and development ability, and the heterogeneity analysis shows that the above relationship is more significant in the samples of non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in the high-tech industry; finally, high-quality enterprise innovation can not only improve total factor productivity, but also improve enterprise value.#br#The deep integration of digital technology and the real economy is an inevitable trend for developing the digital economy in the future. Thus, the government should accelerate the formulation of reasonable policies for enterprise digital development, and effectively solve the problems of weak digital capabilities and high costs for enterprises.While for enterprises, it is necessary to make full use of the advantages of digital technology in allocating organizational resources, reduce costs and improve the human capital level, expand and strengthen patent R&D capability and technology supply, build a digital technology quality assessment system, and improve quality review standards to avoid “technology bubble”. The contribution of this paper is multi-fold. First, the paper enriches the research framework of the digital economy. This study makes an analysis of the influence mechanism and economic consequences of the digital economy on the innovation quality of enterprises from a multidimensional perspective, providing a new perspective for understanding digital innovation and releasing digital dividends. Second, it systematically discusses the internal influence of the digital economy on the quality of enterprise innovation in China, and unveils the mystery of innovation development driven by digital technology. Third, by clarifying the internal logic of the digital economy affecting enterprise innovation and development , the study is beneficial to reflect on the problems brought by the phenomenon of "bubble patent", so as to implement the diversified integration of digital technology and enterprise innovation, and then realize the strategic goal of innovation-driven development in China.#br#To sum up, this paper uses the width of patent knowledge to deepen the relationship between the digital economy and the two qualities of enterprise innovation, and complements the research framework of the influencing factors of enterprise innovation quality. It clarifies how the digital economy enables enterprises to achieve high-quality development and find answers to development dilemmas. The research provides some suggestions for promoting the development of enterprise innovation strategies and improving the quality and efficiency of the enabling economy.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1286KB] ( 1489 )
12 The Mechanism and Strategies of Digital Technology's Promotion on High-quality Development
Liu Qingling,Zeng Li
High-quality development occupies an important role in the digital era, and promotes technologies including big data and artificial intelligence to be integrated with economic development closely. Following the research logic of “theoretical basis—logical system—practical problems—practical strategies”, the internal mechanism and path selection of digital technology's promotion on high-quality development are comprehensively discussed.#br#On the basis of the theoretical analysis of the connotation and nature of high-quality development of digital empowerment and digital technology empowering for development, this paper clearly explains the digital technology's important functions in high-quality development. Along with Chinese economy upgrading to a high-quality development phase from a high-speed growth phase, there is a fundamental requirement for formulating development thinking, enforcing economic policies, and implementing macro-controls by promoting high-quality development. High-quality development refers to stable economic growth, balanced development between urban and rural region, innovative driving force and green environment, so that the citizens can benefit from the economic development more equitably. Development balance, growth stability, environmental sustainability and social fairness together constitute the critical characteristics of high-quality development. Correspondingly digital technology, presenting the characteristics of diversified service objects, virtual roles, collaborative practical operations and organizational ecosystems, can provide intelligent decision-making service for multiple parties at the same time. The efficiency of resource allocation and total factor productivity can be improved by digital technology with the functions of promoting the traditional industries and optimizing people's consumption experience, for it could inject sustainable and abundant vitality into high-quality development. The typical digital technologies like big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence play practical roles in data identification and mining, extraction and integration, and human-computer interaction. High-quality development implies the transformation of development mode, the optimization of economic structure, the innovation of growth momentum and the improvement of total factor productivity through the implementation of the new development concepts. Digital technology promotes the quality and efficiency of development by promoting the efficient flow of resources and reducing factor costs, thus creating a high level of supply and demand balance.#br#With the dissection of the fundamental logic in which digital technology promotes high-quality development from the perspectives of comprehensive and rapid changes, economic transformation and upgrading, subversion of development methods and innovative support, the study confirms that digital technology optimizes the development process in rapid iterative updating, creates development opportunities in the innovation paradigm, and subverts the development mode in extensive integration; moreover it is conducive to production cycle and value realization, and can provide huge possibilities for innovation and development. Besides in the digital age, the advanced digital technologies also help market players to improve the level of innovation and development, and provide diversified innovative support and strategic opportunities for high-quality development by the effects of expanding knowledge spillover.#br#This study deconstructs the difficult and complex environment, various barriers and new contradictions in the high-quality development facilitated by digital technology. It is found that some of the prominent problems in China's efforts to break through technology bottlenecks are the overemphasis on quantitative growth and the ignorance of ecological environment and people's livelihood. Moreover, the digital transformation of market entities faces multiple obstacles due to the imbalance and inadequacy of the original development. Thus there are complex and diverse challenges in the promotion of digital technology for high-quality development. The specific strategies to promote high-quality development in the new stage are proposed. This paper holds that the development should be optimized from the perspectives of digital technology innovation,a modern economic system, new development concepts, supply-side structural reforms, efficient markets and promising government coordination. It is important to focus on strengthening the original and independent innovation of digital technology, provide potent support for the construction of a modern economic system, and accelerate the digital transformation of industries under the guidance of new development concepts. In addition it is essential to build a reasonable and effective digital empowerment development pattern in the process of continuously optimizing the relations between effective market and well-functioning government, and further execute supply-side structural reform and resolve contradictions.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 12-22 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1833KB] ( 464 )
23 How the Peer Effect of Digitalization Affect Enterprises′ Innovation Input：A Moderated Mediation Model
Teng Mingming,Shen Minghao
The digitalization of enterprises is a micro-expression of the integration of the digital economy and the real economy. The Chinese government is endeavoring to accelerate the development of the digital economy, and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy. Policies are issued across the country to support enterprise digitalization. In recent years, the proportion of the digital economy in China has been increased year by year, and the proportion of enterprise digitalization is continuously and steadily increasing. Digitalization is becoming an increasingly powerful driving force for corporate innovation and growth. Therefore, the digitalization of enterprises can affect the enterprise's internal and external operations. Current research is focused on the impact of enterprise digitalization on the enterprise itself. They affirm the positive impact of the digitalization of enterprises on the enterprise itself. Digital transformation of enterprises can improve the overall input in innovation, the level of specialization of enterprises, the quantity of patent applications and the risk-taking level, et al. However, they fail to consider the impact of the digitalization of enterprises on the external environment of enterprises. In economic activities, firms may refer to the information disclosure of their peers when making decisions such as input. Unlike ordinary fixed asset input or stock input, innovation input is characterized by high risk, high input and long periods. Enterprises tend to consider various factors more carefully when they are making decisions. For example, they may refer to peers' innovation input behaviors or the innovation input information disclosed by peers. There is a certain degree of peer effect. Thus, the role of peer digitalization in the innovative inputs of target firms has become a question worth researching. What is the impact of peer digitization on enterprises' innovation input? In the process of influencing enterprises' innovation input, can internal and external factors influence the digitalization of peers?#br#This paper uses the panel data from listed companies from 2007 to 2021. The theoretical analysis and empirical tests are made on the effects of peer digitization on target enterprises' innovation input. The results show that peer digitalization has both a direct and a mediating effect on the innovation input of target enterprises. Peer digitization can directly boost the innovative inputs of target companies. The positive spillover effect remains even after endogenous tests using instrumental variables and residuals, as well as the robustness test using replaced independent variables or dependent variables. In the mediating path, peer digitization enhances the innovation input of target enterprises by increasing the degree of competition in the industry. This study also examines the moderating effects of managerial ability and financing constraints. The managerial ability of target firms can inhibit the direct and indirect effects of peer digitization on their innovation input. It appears that managerial ability has a more significant inhibitory effect on the second half of the path (industry competition-innovation input of target enterprises). Financing constraints can amplify the direct effect and the first half mediating effect of peer digitization on the innovation input of target enterprises. In addition, it is found that peer digitization plays a more significant role in improving the innovation input of target enterprises in the growth and maturity stages.#br#　　This paper enriches the research on the peer effect, digital transformation and enterprise innovation input. First ,with the analysis of the impact of the digitalization of peers on the innovation of target enterprises, it examines more than just the direct impact of the digitalization of peers on the innovation input of target enterprises, and the mediating effects of the digitalization of peers through industry competition. Second, it uses the moderated mediating effect model which selects managers' ability and financing constraints to adjust the variables. It further examines the direct and mediating effects that are affected by the moderating variables. Third, it analyzes if the impact of peer digitization on innovation input by enterprises is different when the target enterprises are in different life cycles or if they belong to high-tech enterprises. Therefore, this paper can provide some reference for enterprises to make strategic input decisions and for governments to formulate relevant policies.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 23-31 [Abstract] ( 149 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1280KB] ( 263 )
32 Digital Technology Transformation, Digital Governance Capability and Green Transformation and Upgrading in Manufacturing Enterprises:A Study on the Mechanism Based on the Digital Empowerment Theory
Wu Weihong,Yang Fan,Zhang Aimei,Liu Ying
With the strategic goals of "carbon neutrality and carbon peaking", green transformation and upgrading is critical for the fundamental transformation of economic development. The technological dividend brought by the development of the digital economy provides an important opportunity for the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and gradually becomes the core element driving the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. New digital models such as smart manufacturing and industrial Internet emerge one after another to accelerate the integration and innovation of the modern manufacturing industry, and help to solve the sore points in the green transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.#br#Most of the existing research on the digital economy and the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry has analyzed the role of the digital economy in enabling industrial upgrading and promoting high-quality development from the macro level, but the synergistic enabling mechanism of the digital economy in the macro environment and the micro organization has not been tapped; the mechanism of the role of the digital economy on the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry is still in a black box. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence mechanism of digital economy on the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry from the internal and external perspectives of enterprises, and put forward effective ways and government intervention strategies to realize the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.#br#This paper incorporates industrial digitalization and digital governance into the same analytical framework from the dual perspectives of resource empowerment and structural empowerment based on digital empowerment theory and the combination of dynamic capability theory, green innovation theory and resource-based view, and introduces green process innovation. Using the Super-SBM model, GML index model, text mining method and fixed effects model, it conducts an empirical study on the mechanism of the role of digital economy in empowering green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, with the research samples from 311 listed manufacturing companies from 2015 to 2020.#br#　　The research results show that (1) after taking into account the non-desired outputs such as energy inputs and pollutant emissions, the overall level of green transformation and upgrading in China's manufacturing industry is on an upward trend, but the space for green development needs to be further expanded through technological progress; (2) digital technology transformation in enterprises achieves an improved factor allocation efficiency and generates technological iteration effects in manufacturing enterprises, significantly improving their green transformation and upgrading level; (3) as the two dimensions of green process innovation, cleaner production technology innovation and end-treatment technology innovation play significant mediating roles in the impact of digital technology transformation on the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry; (4) digital governance capability of the government, as a new form of governance, positively moderates the promotion effect of digital technology transformation on green transformation and upgrading in manufacturing. By identifying the situational factors of the digital economy empowering the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, it helps the manufacturing industry to achieve sustainable development and provides an important basis for the effective implementation of ecological civilization construction strategy and digital construction in China.#br#　　The paper provides theoretical and practical contributions. By exploring the mechanism of the digital economy enabling green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry from the perspective of the internal and external collaboration of enterprises, this paper enriches the theoretical research on the digital economy and green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Meanwhile, on the basis of analyzing the current situation of green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, this paper explores the strategies from the perspective of the role mechanism of the digital economy in enabling green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and provides suggestions for improving the practice of green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and guiding the government to improve its governance capability.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 32-41 [Abstract] ( 206 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1234KB] ( 623 )
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
42 Complementary Management of Complex Product Innovation Ecosystem: An Example of COMAC C919
Hu Jingbo ,Ouyang Taohua ,Zhang Feng
The essence of the innovation ecosystem is complementary assets such as product technology, organization and institutions. The existing studies on innovation ecosystem of complex product focus on the innovation ability of focal firms, and the related research on complementary management to promote innovation ecosystem is lack of in-depth exploration. Complementary management refers to the management of complementary assets. In the high-technology field with intense technology catching-up competition, such as air passenger aircraft, focal firms need to establish an innovation ecosystem of cross organizational large-scale collaboration to achieve product innovation, especially to regard specialized complementary assets as key resources. Although some scholars focus on the identification, creation and management of complementary assets, the research on the relationship between innovation ecosystem and complementary management and in-depth identification are relatively insufficient. Aviation complex product innovation involves extremely complex system engineering from pre-research, project establishment, R&D, testing, production integration and delivery application. Its essence is whether effective complementary management can be achieved to continuously promote the development of its innovation ecosystem. For example, the development of C919 large passenger aircraft from scratch is because of the complementary assets. It is well-known that the creation and use of complementary assets need to be managed made effectively. However, the innovation challenge of complementary assets in the process of research, development and application and how to manage them are hidden in a black box.#br#Taking Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC) C919 large passenger aircraft as an example, this paper makes a deep analysis of how focal firms can effectively manage complementary assets to resolve the challenges of complex product innovation and promote the development of its innovation ecosystem. On the one hand, the study tries to identify the types of complementary assets in the research, development and application stages of the complex product innovation ecosystem and the innovation challenges; on the other hand, it constructs a complex product innovation ecosystem by summarizing and refining the complementary management process model for focal firms of complex products.#br#The main findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, the complementary assets of the complex product innovation ecosystem include detailed design technology in the research phase, subcontracted products in the development phase, and delivery and operation services in the application phase. Secondly, different types of complementary assets are confronted with the innovative challenges such as the contradictions between closure and synergy, control and flexibility, and security and economy. Finally, in order to resolve these challenges, the core firms have constructed complementary management mechanisms through mutual adaptation between strategic intention and organizational structures, and further promoted the complex product innovation ecosystem from a single research community to multilateral communities of research, development and application.#br#In summary this paper makes three main contributions. Firstly, it enriches the connotation of complementary assets in the existing literature focusing on the application of product commercialization, and further expands the research scope of complementary assets in the existing theory that only focuses on general products. Secondly,the challenges are resolved through the mutual adaptation mechanism between the focal firms' strategic intention and organizational structure based on the ecological situation of complex product innovation, and the black box of complementary management is then opened. Finally, the study discusses complex product innovation from the three major innovation processes of research, development and application rather than the main level, revealing that the sustainability of the innovation ecosystem can not be separated from the complementary management of focal firms. Meanwhile, it also has important reference values for core firms to improve the technological innovation capability of complex products and realize the bottleneck breakthrough.#br#The follow-up study will take the ARJ21 regional aircraft as the case study object, and focus on the complementary asset management mechanism and other issues in the commercialization stage of complex product innovation from a more microscopic perspective. Meanwhile the method of cross-case comparative analysis with aerospace, high-speed rail and other enterprises is recommended for statistical confirmation to determine the constraints of the complementary asset management process model of the core enterprises in the complex product innovation ecosystem.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 42-53 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1710KB] ( 224 )
54 The Emission Reduction Effect of Carbon Trading from the Dual Perspectives of Government Intervention and Market Mechanism: A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on 283 Cities
Zhao Shuai,He Aiping
As a fundamental change to the economic system and the society of China, the "dual carbon" goals which refer to carbon peak and carbon neutrality is China's important commitment to the rest of the world for the sustainable development of human beings. One of the core tasks to achieve the "dual carbon" goal is to accelerate the construction of carbon emission trading system. Compared with those mature emission trading systems established in western countries, China has its carbon trading pilots featured with a short history, low operation efficiency, an obvious tide of volume and price, and a fulfilling body dominated by state-owned enterprises. Given the low market efficiency of the carbon trading pilots, the current study attempts to explain how the carbon trading policy can achieve a reduction in per capita carbon emissions, investigate the specific emission reduction mechanisms of the carbon trading pilots from the dual perspectives of government intervention and market mechanism, and explore the ways to strengthen the emission reduction effect through collaboration between the government and the market.#br#Taking 283 prefectural-level cities and 1150 A-share listed companies in China as the empirical samples, this study uses a multi-period DID model to examine the policy effect of the carbon trading pilots. The methods of emission coefficient measurement and satellite measurement of light emission are adopted to ensure a scientific and reasonable calculation of carbon emissions in the cities. Using per capita emissions as the main proxy variable for carbon emissions, it further explores the emission reduction from the perspective of carbon equity. The study defines the proxy variables of government intervention and market mechanism and applies a quasi-natural experiment to demonstrate how the government and market work together to achieve the goal of emission reduction of the carbon trading pilots under inefficient conditions. With a thorough analysis of the carbon reduction mechanisms, the study examines the policies at both prefectural and business levels for their effects on technological innovation.#br#The results show that the policy reduces carbon emissions significantly in the pilot cities and the finding hold after various robustness tests; the government intervention ensures the normal operation of the carbon trading system to achieve emission reduction; the carbon prices are in a dysfunctional state, and the market mechanism measured by carbon trading volume plays a certain role, but it's necessary to involve the synergy between government intervention and market mechanism to strengthen the emission reduction effect; and the carbon trading pilots promote the technological innovation and green technology innovation of listed companies effectively while the effect of technological innovations has not yet seen at the prefectural level.#br#Implications arising from the study are as follows. Firstly appropriate administrative intervention is expected to ensure the normal operation of the carbon market at the early stage. Secondly it is necessary to keep improving the carbon market trading mechanism, scientifically formulate the total carbon trading volume, reasonably allocate quotas, involve enterprises in other industries other than the power industry, improve the transparency of market information and make the price mechanism the core of the control mechanism of carbon emission. Thirdly it is critical to stimulate the carbon emission reduction potential of all economic entities by applying the supply and demand mechanism and price mechanism of the carbon market to realize the internalization of carbon emission costs. Lastly the construction of a national carbon trading market is a key link, and it is necessary to promote carbon financial product innovation.#br#By clarifying the roles of government intervention and market mechanism in the process of carbon emission reduction and comprehensively analyzing the specific mechanisms of carbon emission reduction, this study enriches the experience of emission reduction pilots nationwide, and it is helpful to accelerate the construction of the carbon trading system, and achieve the historic success of carbon neutrality.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 54-65 [Abstract] ( 206 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1331KB] ( 462 )
Regional Scientific Development
66 ICT and Urban Innovation Output: An Analysis of Innovation Growth, Quality Differentiation and Spatial Spillover Distance
Jiang Renai,Wang Longguo,Yang Shenghao,Li Dongmei
Information communication technology (ICT) has become an effective carrier for information dissemination and knowledge spillover. As two representative products of ICT, the transformation of information transmission and communication methods by the Internet and mobile phones can further deepen the innovative connection between cities, thereby directly or indirectly affecting urban innovation activities. Meanwhile, the network externalities of the Internet and mobile phones bring innovation activities certain spatial spillover characteristics. Because of the increasingly complex regional linkages, the factor of distance plays an important role in innovation spillovers. However, most of the existing research on the innovation effect of ICT is limited to the quantitative perspective, ignoring the importance of innovation quality. Especially with the explosive growth of Chinese patents, there are a lot of innovation bubbles, and the pursuit of quantitative growth is not enough to support the realization of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology. In this regard, does ICT have an impact on innovation quality? If the externality characteristics of ICT are taken as a general-purpose technology, does it have spatial spillover effects on urban innovation?#br#Using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019, this paper respectively constructs four spatial weight matrices and employs the spatial Durbin model to examine the impact and spillover effects of ICT on urban innovation. It then measures urban innovation quantity and quality by the number of granted patents and citations. Although patent citations are taken as a commonly used indicator of innovation quality in the world, the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) does not have relevant statistics, which brings difficulties to the evaluation of patent quality in China. Therefore, this paper uses Python to sort out all granted patents in the sample interval, and calculates the average cited index of each city based on the citation relationship and the addresses of the patentees to effectively measure urban innovation quality. On this basis, it further takes the tail innovation index and zero cited index to measure high-quality patents and low-quality patents respectively to investigate the innovation differentiation effect of ICT, and uses the cited lag time and the proportion of cooperative patents for mechanism analysis.#br#The study shows that, first, ICT, represented by the Internet and mobile phones, has promoted the growth of urban innovation and produced significant spatial spillover effects. Compared with mobile phones, the Internet has a stronger effect on improving the quantity of innovation; mobile phones can also improve the quality of urban innovation, while the Internet can cause the average quality to decline. Second, the spillover boundary of mobile phones for innovation is 1000km, and the optimal overflow range is roughly 100-1 000km; while the Internet reaches 2000km and 1 000-2000km. Third, the decline in innovation quality caused by the Internet is because it promotes urban high-quality innovation, and also leads to a large number of patent bubbles, and the impact is greater than the mitigation effect of mobile phones on patent bubbles. It shows that ICT generally produces an innovation differentiation effect.Fourth, the mechanism analysis further verifies this effect. On the one hand, the Internet shortens the time to search for information, which facilitates innovative imitation and intensifies the patent bubble; on the other hand, the implicit knowledge transmission of the Internet and mobile phones is also conducive to the formation of innovative cooperation, thereby promoting high-quality innovation. Lastly there is heterogeneity in the impact of ICT, and it is generally more obvious in the middle and western regions and non-provincial capital cities.#br# By taking innovation quality into consideration through the construction of urban patent indicators, this paper makes up for the lack of research on ICT and innovation quality. Then it elaborates on the internal mechanisms that lead to the decline and differentiation of innovation quality and provides theoretical support for the realization of high-quality urban innovation. Finally, it comprehensively examines the direct impact of ICT on innovation output and the spillover effects of different forms. The conclusions constitute a useful supplement to the existing literature, and provide a reference for the realization of China's self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 66-77 [Abstract] ( 198 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1513KB] ( 193 )
78 Evaluation and Obstacle Diagnosis of Innovation Vulnerability of National High-tech Zones
Xie Jialong,Zhou Wenting
After more than 30 years of development, the national high-tech zone has realized the strategic transformation of “industrial park - science and technology park-innovative economy”, and has become a cross-regional wealth cohesion and innovation factor diffusion center and a highland of talents, technology, industry and capital to implement the independent innovation strategy with Chinese characteristics, and it is the core carrier of China's construction of an innovative country. However, in the context of globalization, problems such as technology bottlenecks in key industries, low technology intensity of high-tech industries, integration obstacles of industries and cities, serious homogeneous competition and insufficient radiation prevail. In order to explore effective ways to improve the fragility of the innovation system in China's high-tech zones, it is urgent to establish a set of scientific and systematic evaluation models and index systems to measure and evaluate the innovation vulnerability of high-tech zones, so as to target the weak links and achieve sustainable and high-quality development of the high-tech zones.#br#To this end,this paper systematically combs the research results on vulnerability at home and abroad, and finds that there are few innovative evaluation studies from the perspective of vulnerability, and the sample coverage needs to be improved. Therefore,this paper defines the concept of innovation vulnerability in high-tech zones at the theoretical level, and fully considers the internal operation logic of the innovation system of high-tech zones to abstract the PSR correlation model of its driving mechanism. At the empirical level, 147 high-tech zones in China are taken as the research objects. A comprehensive evaluation index system is established, vulnerability is measured at macro and micro levels, and the differentiated segmentation and spatial presentation of results are realized through the Jenks method and ArcGIS. Then the coordination and functional effectiveness of each link of the innovation system of the high-tech zone are analyzed, and the obstacle links and key vulnerability factors of the innovation system are excavated through the obstacle degree model.#br#Through theoretical and empirical analysis, the following conclusions are drawn. First, on the whole, China has successfully created a number of innovation highlands with low innovation vulnerability, but the “Matthew effect” is prominent, and the innovation vulnerability of high-tech zones located at the poles is quite different. Second, from the perspective of each subsystem, the strength of the subsystem is significantly different, and it shows the increasing vulnerability of the innovation system from the coastal to the inland. Third, from the perspective of system coordination, the overall coordination of high-tech zones is good, but some of the high-tech zones established earlier have serious industrial isomorphism, and the location dilemma of inland regions where the innovation system is not coordinated is obvious. Fourth, from the perspective of obstacles, response barriers have become key obstacles, and poor performance in the state of innovation is also an important constraint.#br# According to the above conclusions, in order to achieve high-quality innovation and development, high-tech zones should actively implement the promotion method to narrow the regional difference, make full use of the opportunities brought by knowledge spillover while building an innovation highland with international influence, and help late-developing parks achieve low-vulnerability innovation. It is essential to adhere to the dual track of strong connection and make up for shortcomings to improve system coordination, optimize the pressure resistance capacity and state performance of the innovation system of the national high-tech zone, and promote the construction and improvement of talent training, enterprise cultivation, brand building, urban informatization and income structure rationalization. To improve fault tolerance and adaptability and enhance system flexibility to resolve response obstacles, the national high-tech zone should actively explore the trend of innovation and development, and take the passive response of high-end, green and intensive industries as the main direction of active response.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 78-87 [Abstract] ( 129 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3092KB] ( 205 )
Industrial Technological Progress
88 Type Identification, Organizational Characteristics and Generation Mechanism of Urban Innovative Industrial Clusters: A Case Study of Wuhan City
Tang Yongwei,Liu Helin,Nie Jingxin
Innovation industrial clusters represent the development directions and levels of local innovation. It helps to optimize their functional organization and spatial layout by identifying their types and organizational characteristics. However, many studies are confined to a relatively macro and theoretical cognition, and lack the analysis of the organizational characteristics and formation mechanism of innovative industrial clusters from a micro perspective. There have been ten innovative industrial clusters in Wuhan,and the identified innovative industrial clusters can be classified into five categories: big information, big design, big manufacturing, big health and innovative services, and they constitute the city's innovative leading industries.#br#Taking Wuhan as an example, this paper constructs a method to quickly identify the types of innovative industrial clusters based on the text mining of the business scopes of 2 827 high-tech enterprises.Then, on the software platforms Gephi0.9.2 and ArcGIS10.2, it summarizes the functional and spatial organization characteristics of innovative industrial clusters in Wuhan based on the characteristics of typical innovative industrial clusters.#br#In terms of functional organization, innovative industrial clusters can be divided into three types: single core chain, multi-core chain and multi-core network. The first type of organization mode carries out innovation activities around core enterprises, represented by automobile manufacturing and electric power equipment manufacturing clusters. The second mode is to organize innovative R&D, design and manufacturing activities with two or more large enterprises as the core. The core enterprises form an innovation cluster together. The third type represents a weakly-centered and strongly-connected organizational model of innovative industrial clusters. The three organizational modes do not only present the current static organizational characteristics of innovative industrial clusters, but also the phased organizational characteristics of the dynamic evolution of local innovation clusters. It represents the continuously complicated and advanced structure of innovative industrial cluster system.The spatial agglomeration characteristics of innovative cluster enterprises vary with different industrial types.Some innovative clusters have single-core clusters, while others have the characteristics of multi-center and decentralized distribution.#br# In terms of formation mechanism, this study adopts a cognitive perspective of "function-space" co-evolution based on data observation and field research. In order to generate innovative industrial clusters, it is essential to consider the functional generation and organizational correlation of industrial innovation subjects, and the action logic behind the spatial agglomeration or decentralized distribution characteristics of innovation subjects. In terms of functional organization, the development of industry-university-research cooperation leads the generation and development of innovation subjects; meanwhile the agglomeration and multi-dimensional proximity promote the functional cluster and networking organization of innovation subjects. In terms of spatial organization, the government guides the innovative subjects to gather in an orderly manner in space.The spatial layout of the innovative subjects is determined by the differences of the sensitivity of the innovative subjects to the demand for innovative elements. The micro-preference differences of different enterprises' superior locations have created the differentiation of an industrial cluster's macro-layout.#br#The study provides the following policy implications. Firstly, the government needs to pay attention to the fine division of innovative industrial clusters and the tracking and evaluation of their development, so as to provide policies suitable for their development. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the "cluster synergy" development in the innovative industrial clusters. On the one hand, the government should focus on building an innovation chain group with the knowledge spillover effect and strong product and technology innovation capability, and cultivate an enterprise innovation ecological community with a symbiosis of large, medium, small and micro enterprises around high value chain links and core innovation enterprises. On the other hand, the government needs to accurately plan the layout of innovation space based on the location preference of enterprises. Finally,it is pivotal to pay attention to the evolution trend of innovative industrial clusters and promote the coordinated development of local innovation clusters. Local governments should actively respond to this trend and promote local cluster knowledge and technology exchange and cooperation by making cross-border innovation technology alliances, broadening innovation network channels beyond the local scale, and promoting the introduction of heterogeneous knowledge.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 88-98 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3798KB] ( 264 )
99 The Influence and Mechanism of Digital Infrastructure on Industrial Upgrading
Li Silin,Yu Hongxin,Wu Wenbo,Ge Yingfan
With the accelerating development of China's digital economy and industrial digitalization, the penetration rate of digital technology in industry and service industries continues to increase, and the demand for digital infrastructure such as 5G, industrial Internet, big data centers, and artificial intelligence is greater. It is very urgent for China to speed up the adjustment and optimization of its industrial structure. At the same time, the demand for infrastructure has also undergone a structural change. Therefore, as the focus of a new round of infrastructure investment, digital infrastructure plays an important role in improving the overall production efficiency of the industry and promoting the transformation of the industrial structure to service. As the underlying physical foundation supporting the digital economy, the digital infrastructure promotes the difference in technological progress between industries, which will cause the social employment population to gradually shift from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries on a large scale, thereby realizing the service-oriented industrial structure. Due to the decline in the overall proportion of the manufacturing industry that is biased by technological progress, the overall productivity of the society may decline, resulting in a decline in economic growth and the formation of "Baumol's cost disease".#br#This paper selects seven indicators, such as mobile phone base stations, optical cable route length, broadband access ports, number of domain names, number of web pages, number of IPv4 addresses, and software business revenue, and calculates the data of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2013 to 2020 through the entropy method.On the basis of the "Engel effect" and "Baumol effect" of digital infrastructure,this study analyzes the impact and mechanism of industrial upgrading, and through the mediation effect analysis, it empirically tests the impact of digital infrastructure in the process of promoting China's industrial upgrading, consumption upgrading and technology. Finally, the study further examines the impact of digital infrastructure on "Baumol cost disease". It is found that firstly digital infrastructure has a promoting effect on regional industrial structure upgrading and industrial productivity improvement. The regional effect is the most obvious, followed by the western region and the weakest in the eastern region. Secondly the "Engel effect" and the "Baumol effect" are still the main factors affecting the industrial upgrading of digital infrastructure, among which the level of disposable income of residents, the level of consumer spending and the level of innovation in high-tech industries are all important mediating variables. Thirdly further research finds that digital infrastructure promotes the service-oriented industrial structure and the overall productivity of the industry at the same time and alleviates the "Baumol cost disease" problem. Lastly digital infrastructure promotes the service-oriented industrial structure by increasing the per capita consumption expenditure of residents, but the effect of improving industrial production efficiency is not obvious.#br#To sum up, this paper uses China's provincial panel data as samples to explain the impact and mechanism of digital infrastructure on Chinese industrial upgrading and provides a reference for China's new round of infrastructure construction strategies. According to the research conclusions of this paper, it is suggested that firstly it is necessary to continue to strengthen the investment and construction of digital infrastructure, and adopt differentiated development strategies according to the different characteristics of the region. The government should actively guide and encourage the participation and operation of social capital. In addition, the construction of digital infrastructure in the central and western regions should be accelerated, and the widespread application of new-generation digital technologies in society should be accelerated, thereby narrowing the development gaps between regions and promoting common prosperity. Secondly, it is vital to focus on building digital infrastructure that is conducive to improving corporate innovation and production efficiency, increasing residents' income, mitigating the adverse effects of the "Baumol cost disease",promoting overall social productivity, and realizing industrial transformation and upgrading.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 99-107 [Abstract] ( 239 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1204KB] ( 509 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
108 Will the Cultivation of "Little Giant" Enterprises Boost the Innovation Vitality of Manufacturing SMEs？ Evidence from the Policies for SRDI SMEs
')" href="#"> Ding Yongjian,Wu Xiaomeng
The backlash against globalization has caused a huge impact on the global trade pattern and the layout of the industrial and supply chain. It is critical to ensure the safety and stability of the industrial and supply chain, so that the real economy can achieve high-quality economic development. To enhance the independence and controllability of the industrial chain and supply chain, China has been promoting the development of SRDI SMEs. Many "Little Giant" enterprises that are deeply engaged in professional fields and key technologies are thus benefited. The "Little Giant" enterprises′ cultivation is a new practice to improve the stability and security of the industrial chain and supply chain. Compared with the previous scientific and technological innovation policies, it emphasizes the innovation vitality of enterprises at key nodes of the industrial chain, so as to complement the industrial chain with technology. By the end of 2022, China had cultivated 8 997 state-level "Little Giant" enterprises located in the core areas of the industries as the key links of the industrial chain. They are featured with outstanding innovation capabilities, large market shares as well as high quality and efficiency. However, as a policy of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to promote the development of SMEs, can the cultivation of "Little Giant" enterprises truly ensure the safety and stability of the domestic industrial chain and supply chain? Is it helpful to improve the economic benefits of the industry? Can this policy help to complement the chain with technology? Is it effective to boost the innovation vitality of manufacturing SMEs at key nodes of the industrial chain?#br#This paper makes a deep analysis of the positive effects and hindering factors of the cultivation policy of the "Little Giant" enterprises in terms of innovation vitality of manufacturing SMEs. The Malmquist Index is constructed based on the panel data of China's manufacturing SMEs from 2014 to 2020 to measure the innovation vitality of China′s manufacturing SMEs and observe their dynamic changes. Then drawing on the Tobit model, this study analyzes the impact of "Little Giant" enterprise cultivation on the innovation vitality of manufacturing SMEs. Meanwhile from the perspective of industry heterogeneity, it observes the differences in the innovation vitality of manufacturing SMEs in different sub-industries, and analyzes the internal driving force to improve the innovation vitality of manufacturing SMEs in different sub-industries. It is found that the cultivation of "Little Giant" enterprises significantly promotes the innovation vitality of manufacturing SMEs. This positive effect is achieved by promoting the improvement of technological efficiency. The impact of the cultivation of "Little Giant" enterprises on the vitality of manufacturing SMEs in labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries is significantly heterogeneous. Specifically, the cultivation of "Little Giant" enterprises has no significant impact on the innovation vitality of SMEs in capital-intensive manufacturing. Whereas there is a significant relationship between promoting the innovation vitality of SMEs and labor-intensive and technology-intensive manufacturing. The cultivation of "Little Giant" enterprises has a significant effect on promoting the technological efficiency of all manufacturing SMEs.#br#On the basis of the research conclusions, this paper puts forward a series of suggestions for government policies, including the optimization of the "Little Giant" enterprises cultivation system, strengthening of the technology supply chain mechanism, the safety and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain, and the necessity to emphasize the role of policy guidance. It is also proposed to strengthen the supply of common technologies and high-end technical services for SMEs, treat the technical problems according to the local conditions of SMEs in the manufacturing industry, and boost their innovation vitality. Meanwhile the acceleration of technological progress is dependent on the precise delivery of scientific and technological policies. Therefore, it is essential to work on the effective combination of "Little Giant" enterprises cultivation policies and other science and technology policies, which is an issue that should be paid attention to for future research.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 108-116 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1224KB] ( 598 )
117 The Moderating Effect of Multi-dimensional Proximity on the Key Inventors and Dual Innovation of Enterprises:A Research Based on the Patent Data of High-tech Enterprises in the "Two Belts"
')" href="#"> Sun Xiaoming,Wang Chenhui,Yang Xinmeng,Wang Yalan
The knowledge economy has grown with the continuous development of the world. It is difficult for enterprises to gain market competitiveness by relying only on their own resources with the changing market and new technologies. Collaborative innovation has become an effective choice for enterprises to reduce R&D costs, risks and gain competitive advantages. The participation ratio of key inventor is an important allocation of innovation resources and it determines the achievements of exploitative innovation or exploratory innovation output. It has been found that in collaborative innovation between enterprises, the higher the proportion of key inventors participants, the more inclined it will be to have exploitative innovation, which is not conducive to exploratory innovation. In addition, the innovation activities of key inventors are embedded in the social relations of the organization and affect the collaborative innovation process between enterprises by influencing knowledge acquisition and flow. Multi-dimensional proximity refers to the similarity of collaborative enterprises in space, social relations and knowledge base, and it affects the knowledge creation process of key inventors embedded in the organization and moderates the relationship between key inventors and enterprise collaboration and innovation. Therefore, this paper explores the moderating mechanism of multidimensional proximity in the participation ratio of key inventors and collaborative innovation output of enterprises.#br#The patent data of China's Silk Road Economic Belt and the National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (High-tech Zone) located in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is from the China National Intellectual Property Administration, and the data is taken as the sample in the preliminary screening, with 390 qualified partnerships between enterprises selected. The negative binomial regression model is used to analyze the moderating effects of multidimensional proximity on the relationship between key inventor-firm collaborative exploratory and exploitative innovation outputs. The research results show that geographical proximity has a positive and significant impact on the promotion of the proportion of key inventor participants to collaborative innovation. Social proximity is positively and significantly moderating the relationship between the participation ratio of key inventors and collaborative innovation in enterprises. The closer the proximity of technology is, the greater the promotion effect of the participation ratio of key inventors on collaborative utilization innovation. With the increase of technological proximity, the participation ratio of key inventors has a stronger inhibitory effect on collaborative exploratory innovation.#br#From the perspective of micro-individual research, this paper combines multi-dimensional proximity with the participation ratio of key inventors, and elaborates the influence of the interaction between individuals and firms on inter-firm collaborative innovation, which enriches the research on the relationship between multi-dimensional proximity and inter-firm innovation cooperation. Different from the previous literature, this paper introduces multi-dimensional proximity as a moderating role, suggesting a new research perspective from multi-dimensional proximity.#br#The research results have practical significance for enterprises to optimize the external collaborative relationships and effectively allocate human and knowledge resources. Firstly the geographical distance between cooperative enterprises affects the mechanism of the key R&D participation ratio on the output of cooperative innovation, and this conclusion is helpful for enterprises to better seek partners and develop systems; secondly, in order to reduce knowledge monopolization and free riding in innovation cooperation, focal enterprises could choose partners with more social relations to ensure the smooth completion of innovation cooperation. Finally, when the innovation cooperation project is expected to make exploratory innovation, but the proportion of key R&D staff is small, the focal enterprise can choose partners with low similarity in their technical knowledge. When exploitative innovation is expected to be achieved, the focal enterprises can choose partners with similar technology fields for cooperation.#br#The research is subjective to a number of limitations, for it only takes patent data of innovation cooperation in the "Two Belts", and the number of research samples is small. In addition,it is necessary to further explore if the influence of multi-dimensional proximity on the binary cooperative innovation relationship between key R&D makers and enterprises has a substitutive or complementary effect. Finally, the individual characteristics of key inventors may play a certain role in the dual innovation between key researchers and enterprises, and it is worthy of further study.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 117-128 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1434KB] ( 158 )
129 The Impact of Innovation Activities of Civil-participation in the Military on the Performance of Private Enterprises
Wang Qingjin,Du Tiantian,Gao Yang,Li Xianglong
With the development of the technological revolution and the increasingly fierce competition in technology, the boundaries between military and civilian technologies have gradually faded. Countries around the world are studying the common technologies for military and civilian use. Military-civilian common technologies can meet both military and non-military needs. In order to implement the deep integration of military and civilians, it is necessary to study and develop common technologies and their transformation results. Combined with the open innovation theory and from the perspective of technology transfer, this paper divides the innovation activities of civil participation in the military into three different modes: technology input, technology output and technology coupling. This paper takes the cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs as the moderating variable and studies the influence mechanism of different participation models of innovation activities on the performance of private enterprises.#br#Private enterprises have established contacts with military-related units and made technical choices to digest and absorb superior military-civilian common technologies. They search for new ideas and market information through secondary innovation, and then enter the military or military market and participate in the development and production of military products or parts. At the same time, enterprises promote their own product innovation and industrial chain expansion. This is the technical import of civilian participation activities.#br#There are three main forms of technology-exporting civilian participation in the military. First, private enterprises integrate their own superior technologies, export knowledge to the military, and transfer technology according to the market demand of military enterprises. Second, private enterprises enter the talent recruitment market of military enterprises, and many kinds of private scientific and technological and management personnel are recruited in military enterprises. Third, private capital enters the military industry and participates in the shareholding system transformation of state-owned military enterprises.#br#The technology-coupled civilian participation in the military is a strategic alliance between private enterprises and military enterprises, or the two parties jointly established a new company. The two sides carry out technical coupling and collaborative innovation. Military enterprises and private enterprises jointly operate product business. Military industrial enterprises, scientific research institutes and private enterprises have collaborated to make key core technology innovation, which can realize the connection between cutting-edge technology and innovative industries. The two sides will work together to commercialize knowledge and technology, and connect the innovation chain and the industrial chain of key core technologies.#br# It's difficult to obtain the data about civilian participation activities and cognitive evaluation, so this study uses the research method of questionnaire surveys to collect data. The selection of research samples is through discussion and recommendation with experts in the field of military-civilian integration. A typical military-civilian integration demonstration base in China is chosen for study. 318 valid questionnaires are obtained.#br#This paper empirically analyzes the impact of different models of civilian military activities on private enterprises, and the moderating effect of cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs. It is found that firstly technology-imported civilian participation activities, technology-exported civilian military participation activities, and technology-coupled civilian military participation activities can promote the performance of private enterprises. The imported civilian participation activities have a stronger role in promoting the performance of enterprises. Secondly, the cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs' participation in the military activities plays a regulatory role. Specifically, the relationship between technology-imported civilian military participation activities and enterprise performance is negatively moderated by risk cognitive evaluation; the relationship between technology-exported civilian military participation activities and enterprise performance is negatively regulated by complexity cognition; and the relationship between technology-coupled civilian military participation activities and enterprise performance is simultaneously subject to risk cognitive evaluation and complexity cognitive evaluation.#br#This paper provides a new research idea for the division of military-civilian integration models. It has promoted the quantitative research of private enterprises participating in the micro-level of military-civilian integration strategy. By introducing the cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs into the decision-making process of civilian participation activities as a regulatory variable, this paper deeply explores the regulatory effect of cognitive evaluation on the influence mechanism of civilian participation in military activities. This makes the adoption and implementation process of private enterprises' participation in the military clearer. Finally, this paper conducts a questionnaire survey of the sample enterprises,provides first-hand evidence for private sector studies on the level of civil-military integration and may inspire further research on the relevant study.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 129-139 [Abstract] ( 123 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1470KB] ( 460 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
140 The Promotion Mechanism of Digital Human Resource Management on Employees′ Innovative Behavior from the Process Perspective
Liu Zhi,Chang Xiaoxi,Zhou Yu,Xu Mengying,Hu Jieli
In recent years, the rapid development of the digital economy has brought profound digital changes in the management of human resources in companies. Digital human resource management has thus become a hot topic in the theoretical community. Digital human resource management has a range of new features that are expected to help improve organizational effectiveness in some ways, and is one of the most important tools for cultivating agile organizational capabilities in the digital age. However, there is limited theoretical and empirical evidence to demonstrate the link between digital human resource management and key organizational outcomes, making it difficult to adequately and effectively guide the implementation of digital human resource management in practice. It is of significance to expand the understanding of the impact effects of digital human resource management.#br#In an external business environment with increasing uncertainty, innovation is inextricably linked to the survival and development of enterprises, and employees are the key performers of their innovative activities. This is why previous research has paid particular attention to establishing the link between human resource management and employees′ innovative behavior. In particular, in the digital economy the high frequency of competitive rhythms has increased the demand for employee innovation in all types of enterprises. However, there has been a lack of research on whether and how digital human resource management affects employees′ innovative behavior to date. In the context of the above statement, this study analyzes how digital human resource management promotes employees′ innovative behavior by enhancing their perceived strength of human resource management system based on social cognitive theory and from the perspective of human resource management process. The organizational innovation incentive policy is also introduced as a contingency factor to examine its moderating effect among employees′ perceived strength of human resource management system and employees′ innovation behavior and the corresponding mediating effect of being moderated. The study further uses 235 employee three-wave time-lagged research data and conducts path analysis using Mplus 7.0 to test the research hypotheses. The results show that first digital human resource management is positively correlated with employees′ perceived strength of human resource management system; second, employee perceived strength of human resource management system and employee innovative behavior are positively correlated; third, employee perceived strength of human resource management system has a significant mediating role between digital human resource management and employee innovative behavior; fourth, organizational innovation incentives have a significant moderating effect between employees′ perceived strength of human resource management system and employees′ innovative behavior; fifth, organizational innovation incentive policies significantly and positively moderate the mediating effect of employee perceived strength of human resource management system between digital human resource management and employee innovation behavior.#br#This study makes several theoretical contributions:by constructing and testing the relationship line of “digital human resource management → employee perceived strength of human resource management system → employee innovative behavior”, the results and aftereffects of digital human resource management are strongly expanded.On the one hand, the antecedents of employee innovative behavior are also enriched in the relevant context of the digital economy. On the other hand, by demonstrating the contingency effect of organizational innovation incentives on the relationship between employees′ perceived strength of human resource management system and their innovative behaviors, it enriches the boundaries of the human resource management process mechanism (captured by employees′ perceived strength of human resource management system) from the perspective of human resource management content, and thereby responds to previous research on exploring human resource management processes. It also responds to the call of previous studies to explore the interactive effects of human resource management processes and content.#br#There are new ideas for companies to work on their management practices. The study inspires companies to build superior digital human resource management systems to improve the strength of human resource management system and stimulate employee innovation, as well as focus on building organizational strength of human resource management system. Finally, the positive moderating effect of organizational innovation incentive policies on the relationship between employees′ perceived strength of human resource management system and their innovative behavior is pointed out, suggesting companies to develop and implement innovation-oriented management policies to motivate employees to be more innovative.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 140-150 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1311KB] ( 449 )
151 The Influence Mechanism of Customer Participation on Employees' Creative Deviance
Wang Hongyu,Yu Jiali
Prior research shows that effectively motivating employees' creative deviance is an important means to improve organizational innovation performance. However, the existing research on the antecedents of creative deviance mainly focuses on internal factors of the organization, and few studies pay attention to the external factors of an organization, such as how customer participation affects employees' creative deviance behavior. In fact, customer participation will make it easier for employees to have pro-customer creative ideas, and encourage employees to refine or even implement creative ideas without authorization, that is, to take creative deviance. Especially in the era when users' needs are paramount, creative deviance triggered by customers' participation will emerge and become more prominent, but previous studies have not investigated the relationship between them and failed to explain the situation of customer participation and how to stimulate employees' deviant innovation behavior. Hence, whether and how customer participation can affect employees' creative deviance remains to be further explored.#br#Following the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study constructs a mediated moderation model of customer participation affecting employees' creative deviance. It aims to reveal the positive impact mechanism of customer participation on employees' creative deviance by analyzing the important role of prosocial motivation and perceived organizational support in changing the cognitive appraisal process of employees' participation in customers, and the resulting proactive response creative process engagement which stimulates the emergence of creative deviance behaviors. Using two-wave questionnaires, this study gets the empirical data of 476 employees and grassroots leaders from high-tech industries that attach great importance to providing customers with innovative products, encouraging employees to establish and develop relationships with customers, and normally involving high-level customer participation. SPSS 26.0 software is used to conduct the regression analysis to test the main effect of customer participation on employees' creative deviance and the mediating effect of creative process engagement; hierarchical regression, simple slopes analysis and process plug-in are then employed to test the moderating effects of prosocial motivation and perceived organizational support.#br#The results of hypothesis testing show that firstly customer participation has a positive impact on creative deviance; secondly employees' prosocial motivation and perceived organizational support can enhance the positive effect of customer participation on creative process engagement, i.e., when both prosocial motivation and perceived organizational support are high, the positive effect of customer participation on creative process engagement is stronger; thirdly creative process engagement positively affects employees' creative deviance; fourthly the interaction of prosocial motivation, perceived organizational support and customer participation positively affects creative deviance through creative process engagement.#br#The theoretical contributions of this study are mainly as follows. Customer participation is found to be an important antecedent variable of creative deviance, which enriches the research on antecedent variables of creative deviance and the theoretical research on customer participation. Then it reveals the important boundary conditions under which customer participation can produce positive effects, and advances the understanding of the intervention research on customer participation's positive effects. This study further identifies and discusses the influence of creative process engagement on creative deviance, uncovers the behavioral process and internal mechanism of creative deviance, and expands the research perspective of the formation mechanism on creative deviance.#br#The research results have certain guiding significance for how to transform customer participation into employees' innovative performance in management practice. While cultivating customer participation, enterprises should improve employees' pro-social motivation through training, promote good interaction between employees and customers, and strengthen employees' absorption of knowledge such as customer product experience and preference information; it is also important to provide employees with necessary organizational support, helps them to identify and refine customer needs, and encourages employees to make a challenging assessment of customer participation. On the other hand, it is essential to stress the importance of creative process engagement for the improvement of employees' creative innovation. Managers should properly guide employees to participate in the innovation process, strengthen the training of innovative logical thinking, and improve their ability to find and solve problems creatively.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (12): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 105 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1350KB] ( 601 )
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