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| Type Identification, Organizational Characteristics and Generation Mechanism of Urban Innovative Industrial Clusters: A Case Study of Wuhan City |
| Tang Yongwei1,2,Liu Helin1,2,Nie Jingxin3 |
| (1. School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;2. Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430074, China;3.Urban Construction Department, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China) |
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Abstract Innovation industrial clusters represent the development directions and levels of local innovation. It helps to optimize their functional organization and spatial layout by identifying their types and organizational characteristics. However, many studies are confined to a relatively macro and theoretical cognition, and lack the analysis of the organizational characteristics and formation mechanism of innovative industrial clusters from a micro perspective. There have been ten innovative industrial clusters in Wuhan,and the identified innovative industrial clusters can be classified into five categories: big information, big design, big manufacturing, big health and innovative services, and they constitute the city's innovative leading industries.#br#Taking Wuhan as an example, this paper constructs a method to quickly identify the types of innovative industrial clusters based on the text mining of the business scopes of 2 827 high-tech enterprises.Then, on the software platforms Gephi0.9.2 and ArcGIS10.2, it summarizes the functional and spatial organization characteristics of innovative industrial clusters in Wuhan based on the characteristics of typical innovative industrial clusters.#br#In terms of functional organization, innovative industrial clusters can be divided into three types: single core chain, multi-core chain and multi-core network. The first type of organization mode carries out innovation activities around core enterprises, represented by automobile manufacturing and electric power equipment manufacturing clusters. The second mode is to organize innovative R&D, design and manufacturing activities with two or more large enterprises as the core. The core enterprises form an innovation cluster together. The third type represents a weakly-centered and strongly-connected organizational model of innovative industrial clusters. The three organizational modes do not only present the current static organizational characteristics of innovative industrial clusters, but also the phased organizational characteristics of the dynamic evolution of local innovation clusters. It represents the continuously complicated and advanced structure of innovative industrial cluster system.The spatial agglomeration characteristics of innovative cluster enterprises vary with different industrial types.Some innovative clusters have single-core clusters, while others have the characteristics of multi-center and decentralized distribution.#br# In terms of formation mechanism, this study adopts a cognitive perspective of "function-space" co-evolution based on data observation and field research. In order to generate innovative industrial clusters, it is essential to consider the functional generation and organizational correlation of industrial innovation subjects, and the action logic behind the spatial agglomeration or decentralized distribution characteristics of innovation subjects. In terms of functional organization, the development of industry-university-research cooperation leads the generation and development of innovation subjects; meanwhile the agglomeration and multi-dimensional proximity promote the functional cluster and networking organization of innovation subjects. In terms of spatial organization, the government guides the innovative subjects to gather in an orderly manner in space.The spatial layout of the innovative subjects is determined by the differences of the sensitivity of the innovative subjects to the demand for innovative elements. The micro-preference differences of different enterprises' superior locations have created the differentiation of an industrial cluster's macro-layout.#br#The study provides the following policy implications. Firstly, the government needs to pay attention to the fine division of innovative industrial clusters and the tracking and evaluation of their development, so as to provide policies suitable for their development. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the "cluster synergy" development in the innovative industrial clusters. On the one hand, the government should focus on building an innovation chain group with the knowledge spillover effect and strong product and technology innovation capability, and cultivate an enterprise innovation ecological community with a symbiosis of large, medium, small and micro enterprises around high value chain links and core innovation enterprises. On the other hand, the government needs to accurately plan the layout of innovation space based on the location preference of enterprises. Finally,it is pivotal to pay attention to the evolution trend of innovative industrial clusters and promote the coordinated development of local innovation clusters. Local governments should actively respond to this trend and promote local cluster knowledge and technology exchange and cooperation by making cross-border innovation technology alliances, broadening innovation network channels beyond the local scale, and promoting the introduction of heterogeneous knowledge.#br#
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Received: 24 June 2022
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