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25 February 2023, Volume 40 Issue 4
    

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    Innovation in Science and Technology Management
  • U.S. 5G Technology Competition Strategiesand Countermeasures againstChina Based on the Grand Strategy
    Wang Caiwei,Li Guang
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021070552
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    As a strategic technology leading the future, the 5th generation mobile communication technology(5G) is critical for realizing industrial upgrading. China's 5G has reached an international leading level in terms of technology patents and large-scale deployment, and the relative advantages have aroused the anxiety of the world's number one technology power, the United States. Since 2018, the United States has implemented a global blockade of China's 5G, and the 5G competition between China and the United States has become increasingly fierce. The national strategic planning and policy deployment of science and technology is the key to determining the outcome of the 5G competition between China and the United States. In this context, it is crucial to analyze the U.S. 5G technology competition strategies against China and gain insight into its strategic tendency so as to enhance China's 5G competitiveness. Existing research on U.S. 5G policy is based on the interpretation of a single policy, mostly from an international political perspective with the focus on US sanctions on China's 5G. Existing research based on U.S. domestic 5G technology policy is not sufficient and highly subjective, and there is not a theoretical framework for relevant research. This study introduces the theory of grand strategy as the research framework and theoretical basis, and conducts a national strategic research based on the top-level design of the US 5G strategy;it further discusses the theoretical basis for the formulation of the U.S. 5G strategies. At the same time, the analysis of specific strategies provides an explanation from the perspective of science and technology policy so that the U.S. 5G strategy can be attributed as a science and technology policy.#br#The national grand strategy is a strategic way of mobilizing, coordinating and using various resources to achieve the fundamental goals of the country. This study first analyzes the interests and goals of the U.S. 5G strategies, and explores the strategic motivation and underlying logic behind the U.S. 5G policy. Secondly, it sorts out the means and approaches of the U.S. 5G strategies, and gains insight into its policy generation mechanism and implementation path. Thirdly, it expounds the threats and challenges of 5G in the United States, and they are in line with the background of the technology competition between between China and the United States;the findings provide a reasonable explanation for the analysis of the 5G sanctions policy of the United States against China. Finally, on the basis of the benefits and evaluation of the U.S. 5G strategies, it predicts the future development trend of the 5G strategy in the United States and the 5G competition between China and the United States, which will provide more targeted preferences for China's 5G strategic planning and policy formulation.#br#The main conclusions of this study are as follows.(1)The goal of the U.S. 5G strategies is to maintain the security of the national economy, homeland security, industrial chain and its own international leadership. (2)The means of the U.S. 5G strategies include establishing new leading agencies, encouraging investment in scientific research, raining telecommunications talents,and improving spectrum and infrastructure capabilities.(3)The U.S. 5G strategies regard China as a threat and challenge. The U.S. uses export controls, foreign investment review, investment restrictions, and diplomatic alliances to suppress and prevent Chinese 5G development. (4)The Sino-U.S. 5G competition will become protracted and intense. There will be a risk of mutual closure and separation, leading to two 5G ecosystems isolated from each other. International relations will influence the 5G competitive between the two countries.(5)The Chinese government should hold onto its strategic objectives firmly, optimize its strategic means, and promote the healthy development of China's 5G.#br#

    Wang Caiwei,Li Guang. U.S. 5G Technology Competition Strategiesand Countermeasures againstChina Based on the Grand Strategy[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 1-11., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021070552.

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  • The Structure and Evolution Characteristics of Inventor-Entrepreneurs Cooperation Network in China
    Sun Yinglin,Tang Heng,Cheng Long,Su Wencheng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 12-22. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120146
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    Entrepreneur's innovation activity is the key to promoting enterprise innovation and development. Under the background of transformation of scientific and technological achievements and technological entrepreneurship, "inventor entrepreneur" is becoming prominent in the mainstream. They have two identities: "technologist" and "entrepreneur".As one of the products of technological innovation, patent is an important index to measure technological innovation activities, and it is also one of the most common and direct ways for entrepreneurs to participate in technological innovation. It has been found that patents with entrepreneur participation can significantly improve enterprise performance. Cooperative R&D is an important way to make up for the shortcomings of R&D capabilities and improve the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements. Inventors play an important role in patent R&D cooperation by which informal innovation cooperation network formed helps to promote the knowledge fusion between different subjects. Based on knowledge flow and resource interaction integration, they realize knowledge sharing and dynamic division of labor to obtain more heterogeneous resources. Based on social capital theory and social network theory, existing studies focus on star inventors or key inventors from the perspective of co-occurrence network and knowledge network. However, most researches focus on the impact of inventors and their related characteristics on firm innovation performance at the single role level, without considering the role coupling effect of node agents. Thus, aiming at the dual identities of inventor-entrepreneurs, this paper analyzes the structural evolution characteristics of inventor-entrepreneurs in patent cooperation network and its impact on firm innovation performance.#br#　A conceptual model of structure and evolution characteristics of Inventor-Entrepreneur cooperation network is constructed based on ground theory. Then,several network indicators including entrepreneur degree centrality, entrepreneur betweenness centrality, density, group degree centrality, etc. and analysis framework are constructed based on the socialnetwork analysis method. Finally, the patent data and entrepreneur data of Science and Technology Innovation Board from 2014 to 2019 are used for empirical test.#br#　The results show that inventor-entrepreneurs in China are gradually reducing their overall participation in patent cooperation and strengthening their location attribute of key information hub in cooperative relationship. The density, group degree centrality and group betweenness centrality of network Y are higher than those of network N. The entrepreneur degree centrality, density and group degree centrality are negatively correlated with innovation performance. The betweenness centrality and group betweenness centrality is positively correlated with innovation performance.#br#　The theoretical significance of this paper lies in the following aspects: First, combining with the Chinese context, this paper refines the types of inventor-entrepreneurs from the perspective of patent behavior, and puts them into the research paradigm of cooperative network. Secondly, in view of the dual particularity of the role of inventor-entrepreneur as technologist and entrepreneur, this paper conducts a multi-dimensional and dynamic evolution analysis based on the structural characteristics of inventor-entrepreneur in the patent R&D cooperation network. Thirdly, this paper discusses the relationship between the characteristics of inventor entrepreneur patent R&D cooperation network and firm performance by using individual structure index and overall structure index. It is suggested that inventor-entrepreneurs need to control their participation in patent R&D cooperation within a moderate range and avoid comprehensive and in-depth participation in technology R&D. In addition, enterprises also need to control the density of the overall cooperation network and guard against the technology exclusivity caused by overwhelmingly close cooperation network. Last but not the least inventor-entrepreneurs need to strengthen their role as "intermediary bridges" in the R&D cooperation network.#br#

    Sun Yinglin,Tang Heng,Cheng Long,Su Wencheng. The Structure and Evolution Characteristics of Inventor-Entrepreneurs Cooperation Network in China[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 12-22., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120146.

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    • Regional Scientific Development
  • The Impact of University-industry Cooperation on the Growth of Ambidextrous Output of Universities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
    Hu Xinyue,Su Weiqing,Tang Yongli
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 23-33. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022060633
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    In order to construct an innovative country,universities are expected to have the ambidexterity capacity of exploring basic frontier and developing original innovation at the same time. Academic research,innovation and development are different kinds of knowledge creation activities that constitute the ambidextrous output of universities through combination and coexistence. The innovation-driven development strategy also promotes colleges and universities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to participate in university-industry interaction through diversified channels, and it plays an important role in enhancing their ambidexterity capacity and realizing collaborative innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In this context, it has become a key issue to clarify how to promote ambidextrous output growth through university-industry cooperation to play the essential role of scientific and technological innovation in the construction of the innovation system in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The existing studies have shown that university-industry cooperation has a significant positive effect on innovation,development and academic research. However, the above two kinds of knowledge innovation activities are not considered at the same time, and thus the ambidextrous characteristics of knowledge creation activities in colleges and universities are ignored. In addition, most of the existing studies only discuss the influence of university-industry cooperation on ambidextrous output from a static perspective, ignoring the time effect of ambidextrous output, and there is a lack of discussion on the growth trajectory of ambidextrous output. According to the theory of regional innovation system, the innovation background of different regions will have a differentiated impact on the formation of university-industry cooperation connection. Previous studies have found that the ambidextrous output is moderated by the institutional environment, but there is a lack of discussion of the context in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Hencethis paper conducts research on this aspect based on university-industry interaction theory and organizational ambidexterity theoryto investigate the universities’ growth trend of ambidextrous output, the effect of university-industry cooperation on the growth of ambidextrous output, and the moderating effect of institutional environment on them. #br#This paper establishes the random coefficient model (RCM) with the longitudinal data of 67 universities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2011 to 2020 to explore the differences in the growth of ambidextrous output and differential impact of university-industry cooperation on the universities’ growth of ambidextrous output under different institutional environments. The results show that firstly there is a significant growth trend over time of ambidextrous output of innovation and development and academic research of universities. Secondly there are significant differences in the efficiency growth of ambidextrous activities of universities in different institutional environments. The growth of innovation and development output of universities in Guangdong is significantly greater than that in Hong Kong and Macao, and the growth of academic research output in Hong Kong and Macao is significantly greater than Guangdong. Thirdly university-industry cooperation has a significant positive effect on the growth of ambidextrous output, and the favorable institutional environment reinforces the positive impact of university-industry cooperation on the growth of ambidextrous output. The promoting effect of university-industry cooperation on the growth of ambidextrous output of universities in Guangdong is greater than those in Hong Kong and Macao. #br#This paper integrates university-industry interaction innovation theory and organizational ambidexterity theory. It divides ambidextrous output into innovation and development and academic research, enriching the research on the relationship between these two aspects and university-industry cooperation in the particular field. Different from previous research, this paper innovatively introduces the effect of time to ambidextrous output, so as to explore the universities' growth of ambidextrous output from a dynamic perspective. The conclusions of this paper have important reference values for the university-industry collaborative innovation policy and the innovation system construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.#br#

    Hu Xinyue,Su Weiqing,Tang Yongli. The Impact of University-industry Cooperation on the Growth of Ambidextrous Output of Universities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 23-33., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022060633.

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  • The Improvement Path of Coupling Coordination Degree of the Multi-factor-driven Regional Innovation Chain：An fsQCA Analysis Based on TOE Framework
    Wang Jinfu,Qiu Jing,Zhang Yingying
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 34-44. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022080430
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    The degree of cohesion of each stage in the innovation chain influences the combination, flow and diffusion of innovation elements. Coupling coordination is conducive to improving the overall level and comprehensive competitiveness of regional technological innovation. However, in the practice of regional innovation, various “chain breaks” usually exist in the innovation chain, such as insufficient support for basic research, difficult transformation of technological achievements, and a lack of market for innovative technology products. These phenomenon lead to limited regional innovation activities and the development predicament that key core technologies hit a bottleneck, which has attracted wide attention from the academic circle. Thus, scholars have conducted research into the connotation, internal structure and coordinated development of regional innovation chain.Scholars have clarified the internal causes and external conditions for improving the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain. However, there still remain some problems to be further explored. What is the synergic relationship among the influencing factors of the regional innovation chain? What is the complex configuration mechanism? What ways can be used to help multiple factors improve the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain? What factors play more important roles? How should each region choose its appropriate promotion path based on its own organizational conditions and resource superiority? #br#Therefore, on the basis of the regional innovation chain of “knowledge innovation — R&D innovation — product innovation” and the technology—organization—environment (TOE) framework, this paper establishes a research framework to drive multiple factors to improve the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain, and measures the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain in 31 inland provinces of China. In addition, it uses the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to explore the differentiation way that can drive the improvement of the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain in order to provide the theoretical basis and decision reference for the improvement of the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain in different regions.#br#The data in this paper comes from 31 inland provinces of China. Since multiple influencing factors have to be taken as the antecedent conditions in the fsQCA method , there may be a lag period. Thus,the coupling coordination degree model of 2020 data is used to measure the result variable, the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain. The digital technology level, the government support level, the industry-university-research cooperation level, the higher education investment level and the marketization level are selected as the antecedent condition variables, all of which are from the data in 2019.#br#The following are the results of this study. (1) There are obvious differences in the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain among the eastern, middle and western provinces. The coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain in the eastern region has obvious advantages over the central and western regions. (2) The digital technology and marketization levels are the key factors that drive the improvement of the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain. (3) Through configuration, multiple factors can play a role in improving the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain. There are four driving ways to improve the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain: the balanced type of “knowledge — R&D — product” innovation, the leading type of “R&D — product” innovation, the leading type of “knowledge — R&D” innovation, and the leading type of product innovation.#br#Different from previous studies, this study puts forward the differentiated improvement path of the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain by identifying the interaction and combination relationships between multiple influencing factors. The conclusions of the study are helpful in expanding the research perspective on the regional innovation chain and have practical values for effectively improving the coupling coordination degree of the regional innovation chain in different regions.#br#

    Wang Jinfu,Qiu Jing,Zhang Yingying. The Improvement Path of Coupling Coordination Degree of the Multi-factor-driven Regional Innovation Chain：An fsQCA Analysis Based on TOE Framework[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 34-44., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022080430.

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    • Industrial Technological Progress
  • The Mechanism and Enabling Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Green Economic Growth: The Perspective of Industrial Structure Optimization
    Zhou Jieqi,Chen Da,Xia Nanxin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 45-55. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022070343
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    As innovation is the key of fostering green development which can meet people's aspirations for a "beautiful home" and a "beautiful China". Innovation in green technology is especially of great importance to achieve win-win results in economy, ecology and society in global green competition. At this stage, artificial intelligence (AI) which has the attributes of a new generation of general technology, strong spillover effect and high development potential, is undoubtedly the core force and important support to realize green technology innovation. The new generation of AI technology uses big data combined with strong algorithm power to gradually realize autonomous learning, rule identification and judgment decision, providing a new way to promote energy saving and consumption reduction. Therefore, the “14th Five-Year Plan” of the Chinese government focuses on strengthening fundamental research and original innovation,and improving the supply system of common basic technologies, and aims at the construction of a number of forward-looking and strategic national major science and technology projects such as AI.#br#The following questions remain unanswered in this context: does China's AI promote green economic growth? what is the transmission mechanism? what variances exist in the release of AI green impacts when diverse heterogeneous components are present? Furthermore, how can the government shape its AI development policies in order to fully capitalize on AI’s technological and structural benefits in green and low-carbon transformation?#br#To address these issues, this study builds an indicator system based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020 and implements modeling approaches such as the panel fixed-effects model, mediated-effects model, the moderated mediating effect model, spatial autoregressive model, and employs the instrumental variablesto empirically test the enabling effect, path mechanism, heterogeneous impact and spatial spillover effect of AI on China's green economic growth. Meanwhile according to the empirical test results, targeted industrial policies for the development of AI are put forward, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of the economy and achieve green growth.#br#The major conclusion is that AI drives green economic growth, and its green growth effect remains significant after accounting for endogeneity bias due to reverse causality and omitted variables. AI has a driving effect on green economic growth through an advanced and rationalized industrial structure,that is, AI releases technological dividends through direct effects and generates structural dividends by promoting industrial structure optimization. Moreover, in the context of China's economic transformation, the structural dividend of AI is more obvious in regions with lower distortion of factor markets, a higher level of innovative human capital, and a better institutional environment, and its empowering effect on green growth can thus be stronger. In addition, AI has a significant positive spatial spillover effect, and its development will drive green economic growth in economically connected regions.#br#This paper has the following highlights. First, a unified theoretical logical framework of "AI-industrial structure optimization-green economic growth" is established, and the industrial structure optimization mechanism of AI affecting green economic growth is revealed from two dimensions of industrial structure upgrading and rationalization. Second, a comprehensive indicator system is used to reflect the whole picture of AI development, which effectively alleviates the problem of variable measurement errors and uses two different instrumental variables to strengthen the control of endogeneity problems. Third, the heterogeneous effects of AI industrial structure optimization effects are captured in terms of factor market distortions, innovative human capital, and the market institutional environment. Fourth, given the adoption of the geographic distance weight matrix and the economic distance weight matrix, the actual effect of AI-enabled green economic growth is further revealed from the perspective of spatial spillover, which provides useful decision-making references for the authorities to comprehensively measure the characteristics of AI development, formulate forward-looking industrial policies and promote inter-regional green synergistic development.#br#

    Zhou Jieqi,Chen Da,Xia Nanxin. The Mechanism and Enabling Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Green Economic Growth: The Perspective of Industrial Structure Optimization[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 45-55., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022070343.

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  • Industrial Collaborative Agglomeration，Institutional Environment and Industrial Green Innovation Efficiency
    Song Xiaoling,Li Jinye
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 56-65. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022070565
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    There are urgent problems in the development of industry, such as how to construct industrial green technology innovation system, break through the constraints of resources and environment and improve the efficiency of industrial green innovation. As an important part of the industry, high-tech manufacturing industry is knowledge-intensive and environment-optimized, which makes it become the backbone to promote the development of industrial green innovation. As a heterogeneous industry associated with upstream and downstream industries, high-tech manufacturing and producer services are easy to form collaborative agglomerations and become important factors affecting the development of industrial green innovation. Can collaborative agglomeration of high-tech manufacturing and producer services improve the efficiency of industrial green innovation? What is the path of action? Will the institutional environment that can provide institutional support for industrial agglomeration and innovation activities affect the relationship between the synergistic agglomeration of the two industries and the efficiency of green innovation? The answers to these questions have important theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of collaborative agglomeration of high-tech manufacturing and producer services and promoting the development of industrial green innovation.#br#From the perspective of collaborative agglomeration of high-tech manufacturing and producer services, this paper explores the direct and spatial effects on the efficiency of industrial green innovation, and brings the institutional environment into the analysis framework for discussion. It explores the impact of collaborative agglomeration of high-tech manufacturing and producer services on the efficiency of industrial green innovation from both theoretical and empirical aspects, so as to add empirical evidence to the research fields of industrial agglomeration and industrial green innovation development. Secondly,by considering the possible spatial correlation between the synergistic agglomeration of the two industries and the efficiency of industrial green innovation, the spatial econometric model is used to empirically test the relationship between them, which makes the research conclusions more convincing. Thirdly, the moderating effect of institutional environment, especially intellectual property as an important part, on industrial collaborative agglomeration and industrial green innovation efficiency is tested by incorporating institutional environment into the analytical framework.#br#On the basis of the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020, a non-radial distance function model is used to measure the industrial green innovation efficiency, and the synergistic agglomeration of high technology manufacturing and producer services is discussed from a spatial perspective. The results show that firstly, the effect of collaborative industrial agglomeration on local industrial green innovation efficiency shows an inverted U-shaped nonlinear characteristic of "rising first and then falling",and ithas a significant promoting effect at the present stage and an insignificant negative spatial spillover effect on the green innovation efficiency of geographically adjacent areas;secondly,the sample regression results show that the current industrial co-agglomeration significantly promotes the industrial green innovation efficiency in both the eastern and mid-western regions;thirdly, industrial co-agglomeration indirectly drives industrial green innovation efficiency through human capital flow and collaborative innovation;fourthly,the institutional environment, especially the protection of intellectual property rights, can not only strengthen the promoting effect of industrial collaborative agglomeration on the efficiency of industrial green innovation, but also effectively restrain the occurrence of negative externalities of industrial collaborative agglomeration.#br#In order to promote green and innovative development of industry,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations. The first is to improve the quality of industrial synergy and strengthen the degree of correlation and coordination among regional industries. Secondly, given the characteristics of different development stages of industrial synergistic agglomeration in eastern and mid-west region, policies should be adopted according to local conditions. The next is to accelerate the flow of human capital and construction of collaborative innovation platform, and the last but not the least is to improve the external institutional environment and legal environment for the implementation of enterprise innovation activities so as to strengthen the driving role of industrial collaborative agglomeration on the efficiency of industrial green innovation.#br#

    Song Xiaoling,Li Jinye. Industrial Collaborative Agglomeration，Institutional Environment and Industrial Green Innovation Efficiency[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 56-65., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022070565.

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    • Enterprise Innovation Management
  • The Path and Mechanism of Business Model Spin-off in the VUCA Environment: An Exploratory Study Based on Grounded Theory
    Wang Bingcheng,Zhang Qiang,Huang Yao
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 66-76. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090150
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    As the external environment faced by companiestends to be increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA), an effective business model not only becomes an important source of profitability and competitive advantage, it is also one of the key factors determining the success or failure of companies. In the VUCA environment, the business models of many companies have the characteristics of dynamic and diversification, showing the phenomenon of business model spin-off. As a special phenomenon of business model innovation, business model spin-off has injected new vitality for company development, and its importance has been fully reflected in practice. However, a current key issue is that business model spin-off occurs frequently in practice, but there is a lack of relevant theoretical research in academia. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out special research on business model spin-off, especially to clarify the following questions: what is business model spin-off and how does it happen?It is particularly important to clarify these basic questions for both theoretical research and business practice.#br#On the basis of related literature on business model innovation and organizational spin-off, this study first defines the concept of business model spin-off, and compares the concepts of business model spin-off, business model innovation, and organizational spin-off. Second, according to the theoretical sampling principles,the study selects six case companies to obtain the primary data through semi-structured interviews with middle and senior management of the case companies, and then it collects the secondary data from each case company through media reports, books, and research papers. Finally, according to the data coding process of the grounded theory method, the study sequentially carries out open coding, axial coding and selective coding on the case data, and constructs the occurrence mechanism model of business model spin-off based on the results of grounded theory.#br#The results indicate that in the VUCA environment there are multiple scenarios that drive companies to engage in business model spin-off, which are mainly reflected in the following three paths. First, the VUCA environment exposes many unstable factors to company development,and it also brings potential career opportunities to managers. As the top personnel in the company, managers themselves have a strong need for self-realization. In order to surpass themselves in career, managers will actively look for good opportunities to realize their own career development, take advantage of the company's existing business model to further develop the opportunities into a feasible business model, improve their personal career achievements and thus promote the self-fulfilling type business model spin-off. Second, in the face of VUCA environment, companies will strengthen internal resource management, identify redundant resources in terms of capital, talent and technology available to the company, and provide resources guarantee for the future development of the company. For the identified organizational redundancy, some teams in the company hope to promote the development of the company and team members through the utilization of redundant resources, so these teams will spontaneously maximize the value of redundant resources through agile resource orchestration, especially based on the specific advantages of existing business model, creative integration and utilization of redundant resources to spin-off new business model and realize a resource orchestration type of business model spin-off. Third, in the VUCA environment, the situation is complex and volatile, and the pressure on companies are more frequent and intense. Companies will take active actions to cope with the impact of external pressure events, and one of the very important ways is to enhance the resilience of companies to deal with the challenges. Therefore, companies start to conduct diversified market exploration and try to build an effective business model for new target market by using the success factors of their existing business models, diversifying organizational risks and improving the organization's ability to respond to external pressure events, and these bring external pressure of the business model spin-off.#br#The research findings have the following theoretical contributions and practical implications. First,this study on business model spin-off explores the business model problem from a new perspective, extends the scope of business model research, and partially responds to the challenge that business model research neither raises new issues nor adopts new perspectives to analyze and solve problems. Second, with regard to the practice of business model spin-off of companies, the academic community has lacked sufficient theoretical understanding and research on the mechanism of business model spin-off. This study provides a theoretical supplement to this realistic problem, and can also provide useful insights for further research on business model spin-off. Third, the research results have important guiding and enlightening values for companies to correctly understand and promote business model spin-off.#br#

    Wang Bingcheng,Zhang Qiang,Huang Yao. The Path and Mechanism of Business Model Spin-off in the VUCA Environment: An Exploratory Study Based on Grounded Theory[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 66-76., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090150.

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  • The Peer Effect of Digital Transformation and High-Quality Development of Enterprises: The Empirical Evidence from the Listed Manufacturing Companies
    Huo Chunhui,Lyu Mengxiao,Xu Xiaona
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 77-87. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022060442
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    Digital transformation has become an important strategic means for manufacturing enterprises to achieve outstanding growth. But due to the weak capacity, high cost and high risk, manufacturing enterprises have insufficient motivation for digital transformation. In addition, for many manufacturing enterprises in the early stage of digital transformation, digital investment does not bring the expected economic benefits to the enterprises, and even occupies the production resources of the enterprises, leading to the lack of innovation capability and the decline of performance. In this context, it is an important work to explore how to enhance the power of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises and improve the economic benefits after digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises.#br#The development of the digital economy has made the relationship between enterprises and external stakeholders increasingly close. The digital transformation decision of enterprises is not only influenced by their own resources and capabilities, but also by the external environment, stakeholders and market competition. As an important channel of external relationship network and resource acquisition, the peer group has an important influence on the decision of digital transformation of enterprises. On the one hand, groups of enterprises with similar business operations or the same business environment may become the decision-making reference for the digital transformation of enterprises. On the other hand, the same group of enterprises can bring spillover effects and provide help for the digital development of enterprises in the group. Therefore, the digital transformation level of the same group of enterprises may have an impact on the decision and effect of digital transformation.#br#On the basis of the data of A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2010 to 2020, this paper explores the relationship between digital transformation and the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of peer group effect. It is found that digital transformation has a significant industry group effect and region group effect, and the two promote the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises through different paths. Among them, the industry group effect of digital transformation is conducive to enhancing the innovation ability of manufacturing enterprises, while the regional group effect will deepen the degree of servitization of manufacturing enterprises. Further research shows that the degreesof industry competition and marketization haveinverted U-shaped moderating effects on the relationship between the industry group effect and the regional group effect of digital transformation and the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises, respectively.#br#This paper reveals the logic of enterprise strategic decision in digital ecological environment from the perspective of strategic ecological theory. First of all, competitive learning and institutional pressure are the deep causes of the peer effect of enterprise digital transformation. Competitive learning can help enterprises avoid strategic shortsighted behaviors, and institutional pressure can have a binding influence on the strategic decisions of enterprises. Secondly, the theoretical mechanism by which digital peer effect drives manufacturing enterprises to achieve high-quality development is discussed. In addition, the mediating effect of enterprise innovation capability and servitization capability between digital group effect and enterprise high-quality development is analyzed based on the Marshall's externality theory, Finally, the degree of industry competition and marketization are included in the research framework to explore the moderating effect of industry group effect and regional group effect on the high quality development of manufacturing enterprises in digital transformation, which can provide a reference of digital governance for the government and create a good business environment.#br#The conclusions of this paper can provide practical enlightenment for the government and enterprises. First, the government can help the manufacturing enterprises learn advanced digital transformation knowledge and experience by creating digital transformation demonstrations of manufacturing enterprises in the industry or region. Second, the government should accelerate the market-oriented allocation of talent, capital, data and other key factors, and constantly improve the market-oriented mechanism. Third, the government needs to strengthen the policy regulation of digital economy to provide a good market competition environment for the manufacturing enterprises carrying out digital transformation. Fourthly, manufacturing enterprises should also make full use of the peer effect of digital transformation, grasp the development opportunities of digital transformation, and improve the innovation capability and service efficiency of enterprises.#br#

    Huo Chunhui,Lyu Mengxiao,Xu Xiaona. The Peer Effect of Digital Transformation and High-Quality Development of Enterprises: The Empirical Evidence from the Listed Manufacturing Companies[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 77-87., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022060442.

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    • Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
  • The Influence of Mixed Ownership of Scientific and Technological Achievements on the Innovation Efficiency of Colleges and Universities
    Ren Zhiyang,Mei Shuwen
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 88-96. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080158
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    Innovation is the primary driver of development, and innovation-driven development is inextricably linked to university innovation capability. How to efficiently distribute scientific and technical advances to facilitate their transformation has been a hot topic among industrial scholars. Since 2015, the government has taken steps to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, including modifying the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements to allow the right to dispose of such achievements. Although it has not yet reached the national expectation in terms of transformation effectiveness despite the overall driving effect in terms of policy and environment, several exploratory practices of reforming the ownership of scientific and technological achievements on duty have emerged in China, marked by the pilot reform of mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements on duty spearheaded by Sichuan Province and it has made a breakthrough in the reform of scientific and technological achievements on duty in China's universities and has attracted wide academic attention. At present, scholars mainly focus on theoretical studies on the distribution of rights, the balance of interests among subjects, and the legitimacy and rationality of mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements, but there is still a lack of empirical studies to evaluate the benefits of the pilot reform of a mixed-ownership system of scientific and technological achievements on scientific research innovation in universities. There is no empirical study yet to evaluate the effectiveness of the reform pilot of a mixed-ownership system of scientific and technological achievements in university innovation. To this end, this paper investigates the influence of mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements on the innovation efficiency of universities in Sichuan Province through the difference-in-difference model, and innovatively takes the structure of property rights subjects as the entry point to deeply study the influence mechanism of pilot projects and university innovation efficiency.#br#The experimental group in this study is made up of 9 universities from Sichuan Province's pilot policy document on mixed ownership of scientific and technical achievements, while the control group is made up of 10 institutions from Sichuan and the neighboring areas. The influence mechanism of the pilot project and university innovation efficiency are then investigated further using the patent database, standard patent data of universities and individuals, and joint patent data of universities and various fields.#br##br#The findings show a strong positive association between the pilot mixed-ownership system of scientific and technological achievements and university innovation efficiency in Sichuan Province, implying that the pilot has a beneficial impact on university innovation efficiency in general. However, this impact was attributed to the unbundling of property rights structure, which increased shared property rights of universities and other innovation subjects, indicating that the pilot's impact on university innovation efficiency was influenced favorably by shared property rights of universities and other innovation subjects.This study assesses the real benefits of the pilot mixed-ownership system of science and technology achievements on the innovation efficiency of universities in Sichuan Province based on the theory of knowledge innovation incentive and the theory of property rights economics. Simultaneously, it identifies the flaws in current science and technology achievement empowerment, clarifies the property rights relationship between universities and researchers, and constructs a power allocation system for science and technology achievements from the perspective of property rights structure. Finally, it is essential to strengthen cooperation between universities and diverse subjects such as enterprises and scientific research units, broaden research ideas and R&D directions of scientific and technological innovation in universities, increase the transformation of scientific and technological innovation results, and improve resource flow efficiency while promoting ownership reform of scientific and technological achievements.#br#

    Ren Zhiyang,Mei Shuwen. The Influence of Mixed Ownership of Scientific and Technological Achievements on the Innovation Efficiency of Colleges and Universities[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 88-96., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080158.

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  • The Legalization Standard and Optimization Path of the Empowerment Reform of Job-based Scientific and Technological Achievements
    Wang Yinghang,Li Jinhui,Li Bingchao
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022070686
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    In recent years, in order to encourage relevant institutions and researchers to actively participate in the transformation ofrelated achievements, China has implemented a series of reform measures on the ownership of job-based scientific and technological achievements from the central to local levels. The relevant reforms can be divided into two parts. The first part is the reform to grant research institutions the right to use, dispose and benefit of scientific and technological achievements.The second is the reform of giving scientific researchers the ownership or long-term use right of job-based scientific and technological achievements, referred to as "empowerment reform". At present, the empowerment reform of scientific and technological achievements has entered a diversified phase. Some colleges and universities or local governments have issued some pilot reform measures, such as the compulsory mixed-ownership of job-based scientific and technological achievements. These measures lack the necessary theoretical demonstration and adjustment mechanism, and are easy to fall into the illegal and unreasonable predicaments. This phenomenon is closely related to the insufficient legalization of relevant reforms. This paper aims to explore the legal connotation and standards of the empowerment reform of job-based scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of formal and substantive rule of law, and discuss how to legally and reasonably dispose the ownership of job-based scientific and technological achievements with the attribute of state-owned assets in China and ensure that relevant subjects can reasonably and efficiently exercise the rights of achievements.#br#The paper holds that in public scientific research institutions, the empowerment of the ownership of job-based scientific and technological achievements and the allocation of relevant rights and interests are related to the rational disposal of public property and the security construction of national intellectual property rights, and they must be implemented within the framework of the rule of law. Only by taking the implementation of the principle of legal ownership and empowerment according to law as the formal standard, and the principle of proportionality as the substantive standard, can it be possible to avoid the dual failure of the government and the market in the process of reform by means of the rule of law. At present, the empowerment reform of job-based scientific and technological achievements in China is confronted with the legal problems like the pilot scheme violates the upper law, and the empowerment decision-making is out of proportion. In particular, the problems such as the imperfection of tolerance and regulation of state-owned assets management in the disposal of scientific and technological achievements, the inadequacy of the rule for the empowerment, and the imperfection of information disclosure and government intervention mechanisms for relevant scientific and technological achievements exert direct influences on whether the empowerment reform can achieve sustainable and healthy development.#br#In view of this, China should further improve the top-level design of ownership and legal empowerment of job-based scientific and technological achievements, and timely modify the conflicting laws and regulations. At the same time, China should improve the existing reform measures of empowerment from the substantive rule of law standards such as the appropriateness of purpose, the necessity of means and the balance of results. First of all, China should optimize the tolerance and regulation of relevant state-owned assets management for the purpose of effective transformation of achievements, so as to ensure the fulfillment of the purpose of empowerment. Secondly, China should establish comprehensive statutory rules for the exercise of ownership of job-based scientific and technological achievements to ensure the feasibility of empowerment measures. Furthermore, it is essential improve theinformation disclosure and government intervention system of public welfare-oriented achievement transformation,so as to ensure the maximization of the benefits of empowerment.#br#Compared with the existing research, this paper puts forward some innovative ideas, for example the empowerment reform of job-based scientific and technological achievements must embark on the road of legalization if it is unaffected by policy, and it provides a plan for China to establish a job-based scientific and technological achievements empowerment system based on trust and rule of law.#br#

    Wang Yinghang,Li Jinhui,Li Bingchao. The Legalization Standard and Optimization Path of the Empowerment Reform of Job-based Scientific and Technological Achievements[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 97-105., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022070686.

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  • The Realistic Obstacles of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Universities and Its Cracking Mechanism
    Zong Qianqian
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 106-113. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120729
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    Universities are important frontier scientific research centers and scientific and technological innovation bases in China, and they have produced abundant research achievements. The low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in universities is also a major problem that has existed for a long time in China but has not been well solved, which has aroused great concerns of all social fields. By reviewing relevant literature, it can be found that the existing research focuses on the success of the Bayh-Dole Act reform only on the ownership of property rights, and directly attributes the improvement of the transformation rate of American universities to the ownership rules established by the Bayh-Dole Act, regard the patent ownership reform of scientific and technological achievements as a panacea to be out of the transformation dilemma, and continue to make great contributions to the ownership reform with the help of the theory of property rights, and suggest that researchers should be fully empowered to stimulate their enthusiasm to participate in the transformation, especially the "mixed ownership" reform developed by Southwest Jiaotong University. In addition, the research results of academia have also been successfully extended and penetrated into practical operations, and relevant practical explorations have been actively carried out across the country, which have been recognized on the national level to some extent.#br#　However, existing studies have shown that the current popular "mixed ownership" reform has no significant positive effect on patent increment, quality and transformation, and its legitimacy is questionable. On the contrary, the empirical studies show that the innovation output of universities will not continue to grow with the increase of incentives. According to the rule of "diminishing marginal utility" of incentives, when the incentives reach a certain level, there is little effect on the output and transformation of scientific and technological achievements by continuing to increase the incentives . At present,the Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements stipulates that the ratio of rewards and remunerations for scientific researchers shall not be less than 50%, which has reached the critical point of significant growth in the transformation of achievements. In other words,it cannot really promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements by merely increasing the enthusiasm of scientific researchers for transformation through ownership reform.#br#In order to fully understand the actual obstacles causing the difficulty in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and solve the problems, this paper puts aside the academic community's enthusiasm for the reform of ownership, adopts the methods of theoretical deduction, process analysis and official empirical research data to dig out the main obstacles in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities. First, the patent technology level and transformation value are low, which seriously restricts the technology transfer from the supply side of the results to the market demand side. Second, there is a shortage of professional transformation talents and institutions, and the value-added service capacity of achievement transformation intermediaries urgently needs to be strengthened. Third, the pilot test link is weak and lack of funds, so the "valley of death" of achievement transformation is difficult to cross. In order to address the pain points of university achievement transformation and release the innovation-driven efficiency, this paper proposes that China should reform the patent management system and scientific research evaluation mechanism, improve patent quality and increase the attention of scientific research to enterprise needs. By drawing on the experience of the University of Oxford, it is suggested that a university, on the premise of not increasing the number of staff, should establish a professional transformation service company for its own profits and losses, cultivate professional personnel, and give full play to the "adhesive" role of intermediary service agencies. At the same time, by optimizing the investment structure of scientific research funds and perfecting the risk investment mechanism of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in China, the "valley of death" in the pilot stage of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can be overcome.#br#　This paper provides a new perspective and logical analysis route on how to solve the problems of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities. It is of great significance for China to accurately grasp the sore points of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities, speed up the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces and make a powerful engine for the construction of a strong intellectual property country.#br#

    Zong Qianqian. The Realistic Obstacles of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Universities and Its Cracking Mechanism[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 106-113., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120729.

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    • Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
  • How the Perceived Climate of Differential Team Association Affects Employees' Knowledge Sabotage: A Moderated Dual Path Model
    Sun Jiwei,Lin Qiang
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 114-123. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021060699
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    As a typical representative of Chinese organizational culture, the climate of differential team association tends to make employees feel the differential treatment and thus they usually take the anti-knowledge work behavior to express their dissatisfaction. Although scholars have made some important discoveries, there is still a lack of in-depth exploration of knowledge behavior at the individual level in the antecedents of knowledge destruction. Therefore, under the guidance of the national initiative of "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation", it is particularly important for enterprises' knowledge management practice to clarify the internal influence mechanism and action boundary of perceived climate of differential team association on employees' knowledge destruction behavior in the Chinese context. Existing studies show that the climate of differential team association in an organization has a significant impact on the cognitive bias of employees. When the atmosphere of cognitive bias in an organization is strong, the knowledge sharing behavior within the organization will be greatly reduced, and even knowledge destruction behavior will occur. However, few studies have explored the important influence of the perception climate of differential team association on information processing and knowledge exchange. Therefore from the perspective of social information processing theory, this paper conducts an in-depth study on this aspect, and it is necessary to examine the two mediating pathways of employee internal identity recognition and workplace envy, and consider whether malicious attributions will intensify the influence of perceived climate of differential team association on knowledge destruction behavior. The research is of great significance to the development of the combination of social information processing theory and attribution theory, and can provide some enlightenment for the management practice of restricting leadership with differential team association and reducing employee knowledge destruction.#br#In this paper, 12 science and technology innovation enterprises in Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian are selected as the initial samples to measure and analyze the employees' sense of perceived climate ofdifferential team association and reverse knowledge behavior. Source data are collected in two time periods and verified through multiple channels to avoid homologous variance interference as much as possible. The first phase ran from April to July 2020. In the first stage, a total of 821 questionnaires were distributed to collect basic information of respondents. Firstly, the employees' self-assessment of the perceived climate of differential team association, malicious attribution, insider identity recognition and workplace envy were investigated. 765 valid questionnaires were collected from employees, with the effective questionnaire recovery rate of 93.179%. In the second stage, knowledge destruction was measured by email after an interval of two months. In this study, a total of 765 valid questionnaires were determined in the first stage and questionnaire data were collected by mail and other forms. After excluding blank, incomplete and other invalid questionnaires, a total of 699 valid questionnaires were received with the effective questionnaire recovery rate of 85.140%. This study tests thehypotheses by defining variables and constructing an integrated theoretical analysis framework, and re-examines the theoretical model by constructing alternative models and nested models to analyze whether the theoretical model can better reflect the relationship between variables.#br#Although some scholars have been endeavoring to explore the antecedents of knowledge destruction behavior from individual characteristics and other factors, the research progress is still unsatisfactory. Firstly, this study enriches the research on the antecedents of knowledge destruction at the leadership level. Secondly, the study further explores the internal mechanism of perceived climate of differential team association. Existing studies lack an integrated theoretical framework for organizational climate of differential team association, and the current research is characterized as being "single and scattered". Finally, from the perspective of malicious attribution theory, this study further clarifies the boundary conditions of the influence of the perceived climate of differential team association on knowledge destruction.#br#

    Sun Jiwei,Lin Qiang. How the Perceived Climate of Differential Team Association Affects Employees' Knowledge Sabotage: A Moderated Dual Path Model[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 114-123., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021060699.

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  • The Impact of Industry Leadership on Knowledge Spillover under Global Production Network
    Dai Xiang,Lin Yian
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 124-133. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030245
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    Since the 1980s, the international division of labor has undergone profound changes, that is, from the international division of labor with the final product as the boundary to the new division with the product value-added links and stages as the boundary. As multinational corporations build production networks around the world, the innovation achievements of enterprises are no longer limited to the benefits of enterprises themselves, but also benefit other enterprises in the network through spillover effect. This is because, on the one hand, the construction of production network itself includes the global layout of industrial innovation network;on the other hand, in the complex global production network structure, the innovation achievements made at any node or stage will produce knowledge spillovers through the whole production network, so that all enterprises in the industrial chain can share R&D achievements, and the overall production efficiency of the industry will be improved. However, it is worth noting that in the process of forming the global division of labor network or industrial chain, the status of different industrial clusters or industrial groups in the same industrial chain is differentiated. Some industrial clusters and industrial groups gradually occupy advantages in the industrial chain because of their superior geographical location, strong financial support or government policy support because of the core industrial cluster and industrial group in the industrial network. Generally speaking, the core industrial cluster controls most of the scarce monopoly resources of the industrial chain and grasps the key technologies of industrial innovation and upgrading. Therefore, it takes control of the whole industrial chain and product supply by its leadership of the industrial chain.#br#From the perspective of the traditional international division of labor model, the present studies have confirmed that innovation can produce spillover effects through trade from the national and enterprise levels. However, there is rare research based on the industrial level, and there is a lack of investigation and distinction of different leadership in the industrial chain, as well as the possible impacts on technology spillovers. In view of this, this paper uses the number of patent applications as the index to measure industrial innovation based on the theoretical analysis, and refers to the construction method of micro enterprise leadership in the existing research, constructs the index to measure the leadership of core industries by using the value chain participation index and bilateral import and export volume, and discusses the impact of core industry leadership on knowledge spillovers. Furthermore it studies the influence mechanism of industrial control power weighted by geographical distance on knowledge spillover.#br#It is found that (1)the industrial leadership has a significant positive impact on knowledge spillover, which is embodied in that the core industry with leadership transmits innovative R&D achievements to non-core industrial areas through the form of value chain participation;(2)the core industry leadership weighted by geographical distance has a significant negative impact on the innovation efficiency of non-core industrial areas, and the mechanism is that geographical distance weakens the knowledge spillover effect of core industry leadership on non-core industrial areas through institutional distance;(3) knowledge spillovers show significant effects under different conditions of regional heterogeneity.#br# This study has advanced the knowledge of knowledge spillover under the division of labor of global production network from the perspective of industrial leadership: it firstly focuses on the promotion mechanism of industry level leadership on intra-industry knowledge spillovers;then in the model construction,it puts forward a comprehensive measurement method of industrial leadership;thirdly, in the research process, it uses the fixed effect model to study multiple industries at the same time in order to obtain more robust conclusions. In addition, this paper further verifies the impact mechanism of geographical location on knowledge spillover. In summary,this study puts forward a new understanding, and provides important policy suggestions on how to promote the inclusive development of global industrial chain and value chain, and upgrade towards the middle and high end of global industrial chain at the key stage of global industrial chain and value chain reconstruction.#br#

    Dai Xiang,Lin Yian. The Impact of Industry Leadership on Knowledge Spillover under Global Production Network[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 124-133., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030245.

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    • Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
  • The Effect of Supervisor Bottom-line Mentality on the Creativity of the New Generation Employees: A Moderated Mediation Model
    Yuan Ling,Tan Zhihong
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 134-143. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021070153
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    Nowadays, the dynamic change of market environment drives enterprises to improve the innovation ability to meet the challenges. Employees are the main body of enterprise innovation, especially the new generation employees with strong curiosity, unique personality and high initiative personality, so the research on their creativity has attracted much attention. Numerous studies have explored the impact of organizational factors such as various types of leadership on individual creativity, but few scholars pay attention to the role of supervisor thinking mode. In the highly competitive business environment, it is related to the survival and development of the organization of how to ensure “bottom line” (such as profits) which the supervisors in the organization focus on. At present, there are few achievements on how the supervisor bottom-line mentality affects employees' creativity. Relevant studies have discussed the inhibitory effect of group bottom-line mentality on group creativity, and revealed the theoretical relationship between bottom-line mentality and creativity. However, they are from the perspective of group level and psychological safety, and pay insufficient attention to individual level and individual motivation process. Different conclusions may be drawn from different research levels and angles. Under the influence of the supervisor bottom-line mentality,this study explores whether the new generation employees are more creative when asked to focus on a single bottom line. Therefore, in response to the call of relevant scholars, according to the creativity component theory and self-determination theory, this study takes the spiritual motivation of workplace spirituality into the researchasthe mediator to explore the mechanism of the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality on the creativity of the new generation employees. Furthermore, trait activation theory and individual-circumstance matching theory propose that individual personality characteristics and the matching between individual and organization will affect the effectiveness of leadership. Combined with the growth characteristics of the new generation employees, this paper selects the independent self-construal and person-organization value fit of the new generation employees as the moderators and the boundary conditions of the influence process to solve the above research problems.#br#　In this study, the convenience sampling method and snowball sampling method are used to collect the data of the new generation employees. Except the demographic information, other variables adopt Likert 5-point scale. A total of 712 initial data are collected. After deleting personal information inconsistent with the definition of the new generation employees and the data with a filling time less than 2 minutes, obvious logical errors and missing contents, 629 valid questionnaires are left. Finally, SPSS and its plug-ins PROCESSS and Amos are used to analyze the data to verify the hypothesis of this study.#br#The results show that the supervisor bottom-line mentality has a significant negative impact on the creativity of new generation employees. Workplace spirituality plays a mediating role between the supervisor bottom-line mentality and the creativity of new generation employees. Independent self-construal negatively moderates the relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and workplace spirituality, and enhances the mediating role of workplace spirituality. Personal-organization value fit positively moderates the relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and workplace spirituality, and weakens the mediating role of workplace spirituality with a moderating mediating effect.#br#This study contributes to the research on the supervisor bottom-line mentality from 3 ways. First it centers around the creativity of the new generation employees,and enriches its outcome variables, and expands the research content, level and object of the supervisor bottom-line mentality. Second, this study selects the typical supervisor thinking mode-supervisor bottom-line mentality as the independent variable and the workplace spirituality as the mediator to clarify the mechanism of its influence on the creativity of the new generation employees, which not only provides a novel perspective for promoting employees’ creativity, but also responded to the call of relevant scholars to explore the stimulating effect of various spiritual forces on creativity in the organization. Third, in the framework of self-determination theory, this paper further discusses the moderating role of independent self-construal and person-organization value fit, and provides evidence for effectively clarifying the boundary conditions of the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality on the creativity of the new generation employees. The suggestions for the management of organizations and supervisors are as follows. The organization should take measures to curb the negative impact of the supervisor bottom-line mentality. Supervisors should stimulate the spirituality of the new generation employees in the workplace through positive behavior strategies, reduce the independent self-construal tendency of the new generation employees and strengthen their sense of cooperationand recruit new generation employees who agree with organizational values.#br#

    Yuan Ling,Tan Zhihong. The Effect of Supervisor Bottom-line Mentality on the Creativity of the New Generation Employees: A Moderated Mediation Model[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 134-143., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021070153.

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  • Investigation and Empirical Study on Key Factors of High Quality Operation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Community
    Qiao Pengcheng,Zhang Yansong
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 144-151. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100339
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    In recent years, universities have set up compulsory courses on innovation and entrepreneurship, and the high-quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship community has come into the focus. Innovation and entrepreneurship communities play an important role in the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem in colleges and universities. There are rich researches on innovation and entrepreneurship education, and scholars focus on the construction of education quality evaluation system in innovation and entrepreneurship. However the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship communities is seldom touched, the operation conditions of the communities is often ignored, and only a few literatures conducted questionnaire survey. This paper innovatively uses a questionnaire to study the key factors of high-quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship communities with rich real and effective data. This paper tries to analyze its influence on the high-quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship communities from five aspects: breadth of members, the degree of autonomy of students, the abundance of content, the prominence of professional characteristics and the close cooperation with teaching.#br#On the basis ofthe trinity theoretical framework of innovation and entrepreneurship(ecosystem theory , learning, action and shaping) and the literature and semi-structured interviews, this paper preliminarily determines the factors influencing the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the era of innovation empowerment and forms a questionnaire. A nationwide data collection was carried out from January to April 2020 on the basis of a small-scale pilot survey and empirical data analysis. The subjects of the survey were students, teachers and staff members who participated in the study after graduation. The questionnaire survey adopts the method of random sampling with the paper and the online questionnaire combined. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed and 410 were recovered, with 393 valid questionnaires and an effective rate of 95.85%.#br#This paper empirically studies the influencing factors of high quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship community and makes an in-depth study of the corresponding mechanism.It is found that the high-quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship associations is influenced and co-acted by the five factors mentioned above: enhancing the breadth of members will help promote the high-quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship associations;the higher the degree of student autonomy is, the better the quality operation of innovation and entrepreneurship associations will be;the abundance of content can promote innovative undertaking corporate operation;the characteristics of professional high quality operation are positively correlated with innovative entrepreneurial communities. Further research shows that compared with graduate students and graduates, undergraduates are more willing to participate in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship clubs, and the richness of club activities is the primary consideration. The research conclusion has certain reference value for the design of high quality operation scheme of innovation and entrepreneurship community. It is suggested that the university should further strengthen the publicity of innovation and entrepreneurship and regularly hold relevant competitions and lectures. Meanwhile,the degree of student autonomy should be properly relaxed and teachers should play the role of catalyst. The community should carry out characteristics activities ,maintain its own characteristics and be closely related to its own course and community members should be given priority to with undergraduates. Future research can be carried out from the following aspects: the impreesion of innovation and entrepreneurship communities among students, the reasons for the success and failures of innovation and entrepreneurship courses and the opportunity of entrepreneurship.#br#

    Qiao Pengcheng,Zhang Yansong. Investigation and Empirical Study on Key Factors of High Quality Operation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Community[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 144-151., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100339.

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    • Review
  • How Far China is from the World Talent Power
    Zhang Jing,Song Ziyang,Deng Dasheng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2023, 40(4): 152-160. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120245
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    In order to become a world talent power, it is of great significance for China to achieve sci-tech self-reliance and enhance its international influence. But how should we comprehensively and objectively evaluate the stage of China's construction of a world talent power？ What are China's weaknesses compared with the world's typical talent powers ? To answer these questions, it is necessary to analyze the definition of the world talent power in the new era and construct the evaluation index system accordingly.#br#The world talent power has three main characteristics. First, it has a large number of high-level talents, such as world-class scientists, strategic scientists, high-level innovative teams and excellent engineers. Second, it can continuously cultivate and attract world’s best minds, which needs sustained and high-intensity human capital investment, top universities and tech-enterprises, as well as a sound environment for creativity and entrepreneurship. Third, talents can produce a large number of world-class original innovation, disruptive scientific and technological achievements, dramatically improve the country’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength and international influence. According to the definition, the evaluation index system has three pillars: high-level talented person agglomeration, talent cultivation and attractiveness, and talent effectiveness. The index system includes 33 specific indicators. This paper collects the data of United States, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Germany and China, calculates the world talent power index of these countries by benchmarking, and analyzes the current characteristics of China and the gap from the countries mentioned above.#br#The conclusions are as follows. (1) There is still a gap between China and typical world talent powers. The United States is in an absolutely leading position, and it sets a good example to other countries. The United Kingdom and Germany are in the second tier, and they have obvious international competitiveness of talents in some pillars. China gets 74.5 in the World Talent Power Index, 25 points fewer than the benchmarking country and in the third tier with Japan and France. (2) The scores of the three evaluation pillars are relatively balanced, and they are 78.3 in pillar of talent quality, 70.5 in pillar of talent development environment and 74.8 in pillar of talent effectiveness.(3) The obstacles for China to build a world talent power exist in the following three aspects. First, the proportion of R&D personnel and the concentration of global top talents are still relatively small. In 2020, the total number of Chinese researchers is 1.866 million, four to six times that of the United Kingdom and Germany. However, considering China's huge population and employment scale, the number of R & D personnel in China's 1 000 employees is only 5.7 person years / thousand, which is only about 1 / 4 of that in Germany (16.7 person years / thousand) and Britain (14.1 person years / thousand). According to the Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researchers, the number of highly cited scientists in China reached 770 in 2020, an increase of 4.7 times over 2014, but accounting for only 12.1% of the global total, ranking second in the world, far lower than that of the United States (41.5%). The number of winners of China's international science and technology awards is also relatively small. This reflects China still needs to improve the ability to attract and gather the world's top talents and strategic scientist. Then the socialized training mechanism cannot meet the needs of economic and social development yet, and the development environment for attracting talent needs to be further optimized. According to the survey of entrepreneurs' views of the World Economic Forum, Chinese enterprises have low investment in employee training, the enterprise apprenticeship is not highly universal. Third, talents are still insufficient in leading economic and industrial development and enhancing national competitiveness. In 2019, China's intellectual property revenue accounted for only 0.2% of the total trade volume, far lower than that of the United States and Japan (4.9%). The proportion of exports of telecommunications, computer and information services (ICT) is 1.8%, which is relatively lower than that of the UK (3.3%) and Germany (2.3%). These reflect that China has produced a large number of high-level scientific and technological papers and patents at the current stage, but it still calls for efforts to make scientific and technological achievements to support economic innovation and development and strengthen the international trade competitiveness of high-tech products.#br#It is necessary to develop high-level platforms such as national laboratories, national scientific research institutions, research institutes and science and technology leading enterprises, to attract world-class scientists, engineers and innovative teams. It is also important to improve the collaborative education mode,deepen the reform of talent development system and mechanism, and strive to improve talent international competitiveness.#br#

    Zhang Jing,Song Ziyang,Deng Dasheng. How Far China is from the World Talent Power[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2023, 40(4): 152-160., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120245.

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