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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.19
Published 2022-10-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Impact of Cognitive Flexibility on Re-entrepreneurship Intention：the Role of Entrepreneurial Resilience, Success Expectation and Social Support
Zhao Fuqiang,Gao Yichen,Chen Yun,Hu Wei
Over 90% of start-ups will face bankruptcy and liquidation within three years. Entrepreneurial failure has become an inevitable phenomenon in the entrepreneurial process. It has become an urgent problem to be solved in the academia and industry of how to build a positive cognitive mechanism of failure recovery so that entrepreneurs can be rise again in adversity. Entrepreneurial failure, as a key opportunity for experiential learning and cognitive awakening, can provide important priori situational conditions for entrepreneurs to learn from failures. Although entrepreneurial passion and social support are very important for re-entrepreneurship, their roles depend on individual entrepreneurial cognition. With the same realistic situation and resourcess, individuals will have different choices about entrepreneurial intention, resource allocation, entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial results. Therefore this study introduces the variable of cognitive flexibility to explore mechanism on entrepreneurial intention.#br#When entrepreneurs experience the dilemma of entrepreneurial failure, they need to rely on the stimulation of strong inner entrepreneurial toughness to realize the rapid recovery of negative emotional experience; meanwhile they need to re-perceive and evaluate the feasibility of the environment and the availability of resources. According to the prospect theory, when the expected return of the individual through evaluation of the external environment meets the demand threshold better, the cognitive driven behavior is more likely to occur, which promotes the individual to actively explore entrepreneurship again after entrepreneurial failures. So entrepreneurs need not only the entrepreneurial resilience to quickly recover from failure, but also the entrepreneurship prospects. However, both of them originate from entrepreneurs' cognitive flexibility. Therefore, entrepreneurial resilience and success expectations are the key mechanisms for the influence of cognitive flexibility on re-entrepreneurship intention. In addition, the current research found that the social atmosphere is an important external factor affecting the individual's re-entrepreneurship intention. The recovery from failure depression involves not only compensation for financial losses and overcoming negative emotions, but also the cost of maintaining relationships. Therefore, the role of cognitive flexibility in the entrepreneurial process is inseparable from social support.#br#Based on entrepreneurial resilience and success expectations, entrepreneurs still need social support to reignite entrepreneurial passion. Based on this, this study integrated the theories of resource conservation and resource bricolage, examined the mechanism of cognitive flexibility on re-entrepreneurship intention, and tested the moderating role of social support in the process based on 309 multi-time point paired data through common method deviation test, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis and conditional process model analysis based on bootstrap repeated sampling. The research finds that firstly, cognitive flexibility has a significant positive impact on re-entrepreneurship intention. Secondly, entrepreneurial resilience and success expectation play a significant mediating role in the influence of cognitive flexibility on re-entrepreneurship intention. Thirdly, social support regulates the influence of cognitive flexibility on entrepreneurial resilience and success expectation respectively. Finally, social support regulates the indirect impact of cognitive flexibility on re-entrepreneurship intention through entrepreneurial resilience and success expectation.#br#Drawing on the social cognitive theory, this reseach complements the interpretation of the path from entrepreneurs' failure experience to the re-entrepreneurial willingness generation from the perspective of resource view, and opens the black box mechanism of the individual re-entrepreneurial willingness generation after experiencing entrepreneurial failure. It explains how individuals realize the function mechanism of positive psychological resource reconstruction and positive external environment perception, so as to expand the application research of resource theory in the field of entrepreneurship. Secondly, the research on the boundary condition of social support in the failure recovery of entrepreneurs enriches the social situation of the mechanism of cognitive flexibility on the re-entrepreneurial willingness. It combines the internal psychological mechanism with the external environments, so as to explore the integrative impact of two-way interaction on individual's re-entrepreneurial desire during entrepreneurial decision-making. Finally, because cognitive mechanism plays an important role in shaping individual intention and behavior, entrepreneurs in adversity cannot achieve entrepreneurial success without cognitive flexibility which largely determines the stimulation of individual motivation, the formation of intention and the allocation of resources. Therefore, this study enriches the paradigm interpretation of the impact of cognitive flexibility on re-entrepreneurial willingness from the existing research perspective, and replenishes the interpretation of the impact mechanism of individual cognitive behavior and the evaluation of boundary conditions in the study of entrepreneurial failure.This study will help entrepreneurs who have experienced entrepreneurial failure to take failure as an opportunity to sum up experiences and lessons from their own perspectives and achieve success through reflection, learning and external social support.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1342KB] ( 521 )
12 How Core Enterprises in Intelligent Manufacturing Lead the Establishment of Innovation Consortium: An Exploratory Case Study of the Huawei Intelligent Car
Zhu Guojun,Wang Xiuqi,Zhang Hongyuan
With the deep integration of information technology and manufacturing industry,the innovation mode of manufacturing industry has been changing profoundly. There is strong growth momentum of the innovation consortium led by core enterprises in intelligent manufacturing, such as the intelligent vehicle innovation consortium led by Huawei. Therefore this paper aims to systematically analyze the realization path of core enterprises in intelligent manufacturing leading the establishment of innovation consortium, which is conducive to the establishment of innovation consortium with deep integration of industry, education and research, and the realization of disruptive innovation in artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, new materials and other core technology fields. #br# On the basis of digital innovation theory and value co-creation theory, this study uses the resource capability performance analysis framework, analyzes the data enabling driving role ofcore enterprises in intelligent manufacturing from the platform ecological context level, and explores the cross-border network collaborative process mechanism of intelligent manufacturing core enterprises leading the formation of innovation consortia. The single-case exploratory research method is adopted to conduct an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship between the core enterprises of intelligent manufacturing and the other joint innovation subjects. Twenty influential scholars in the field of smart cars, Huawei smart car business staff and partners, and super consumers are selected for interview. The interview is semi-structured and the average interview time is 60 minutes In addition, the data is further collated through the information publicly released by senior executives, such as speeches, interview videos, Microblogs, news reports, industry analysis reports of securities companies, internal information of enterprises and other secondary materials to support the interview results and support data triangle verification.#br#The role and role mechanism of intelligent manufacturing core enterprises in the formation of innovation consortium is clarified. It is found that the core enterprises play the driving role of data enabling, realize the cross-border strategic network coordination, cross-border organization network cooperation of the innovation consortium, cross-border resource network cooperation and cross-border system network coordination, so that they form the collaborative evolution dynamic ability, obtain product functions, and realise disruptive innovation in production, manufacturing and the business model. #br#Furthermore this study refines the process framework of intelligent manufacturing core enterprises leading the formation of innovation consortium. To be more specific, data empowerment is the resource basis for intelligent manufacturing core enterprises to take the lead in establishing innovation consortia. Cross border network collaboration is a process mechanism for intelligent manufacturing core enterprises to lead the formation of innovation consortia. The focus is cross-border network collaboration with platform ecological connection. Through strategic, resource, institutional and other multi-party collaboration, they can deeply interact with other innovation entities to form multiple, multi-level combinations of relationships and improve the overall competitiveness of innovation ecology. The dynamic capability of collaborative evolution is the basis of the ability of intelligent manufacturing core enterprises to lead the formation of innovation consortium. Disruptive innovation is the strategic goal of intelligent manufacturing core enterprises to lead the formation of innovation consortium. With the active participation of leading enterprises and small, medium and micro enterprises, universities, research institutes, financial institutions, it is possible to break through the bottlenecks of key technologies and cutting-edge leading technologies to achieve disruptive innovation in product functions, production and manufacturing, and business models.#br#Through the exploratory case study of Huawei intelligent car business, this paper provides new connotations of digital innovation theory and a new paradigm of value co-creation theory; it further depicts new characteristics of disruptive innovation theory, providing theoretical guidance for the digital transformation of traditional industry-university-research cooperation innovation alliance. It is stressed thatintelligent manufacturing core enterprises play a key role in the formation of innovation consortia; the paradigm of "intelligent manufacturing core enterprise - leading cluster enterprise - super consumer" interactive empowerment path is a feasible path for intelligent manufacturing core enterprises to take the lead in establishing innovation consortium.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 12-19 [Abstract] ( 251 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1726KB] ( 1100 )
Regional Scientific Development
20 Club Convergence Analysis of Incubator Operation Efficiency Based on Spatial Effect
Liu Zhen,He Huifang,Li Chuanju
Science and technology business incubators play an important role in supporting the growth of start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises and promoting regional economic development. However, with the rapid expansion of incubators, there will inevitably be problems such as idle resources and low utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is the key to promote the high-quality development of science and technology business incubators by improving the operation efficiency of science and technology business incubators and changing from resource-driven to efficiency-driven mode .#br#The regional distribution of innovation and entrepreneurship activities is not random but shows a certain regularity. For example, China has formed advantageous incubation clusters with obvious agglomeration characteristics, such as Beijing Zhongguancun and Wuhan East Lake high-tech Zone. On the one hand, the operation efficiency of incubators in advantageous areas continues to improve; on the other hand, the imbalance of China's regional development is increasingly prominent, and the position of regional economic convergence in macroeconomic regulation and control is becoming more and more important. So, how about the operation efficiency of science and technology business incubators in China? Are there differences in operational efficiency in different regions? The answers to the above questions are of great significance to promote the high-quality development of incubators in China.#br#However, few studies take spatial correlation into account in the research of the incubation performance of science and technology enterprises, ignoring the impact of location conditions and spatial interaction on the regional economy. Moreover most of the data used in the existing research are before 2017, which can not truly reflect the development status of business incubators in various provinces after the formulation of high-quality development strategies for innovation and entrepreneurship and the promulgation of the measures for the administration of science and technology business incubators.#br#Therefore this paper takes the 29 provincial national science and technology business incubators in mainland China provided by the Torch Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology from 2016 to 2019 as the research samples. It analyzes the super efficiency of science and technology business incubators in various provinces, compares the gap between the incubation operation performance of urban agglomerations, and uses the exploratory spatial analysis method to test the convergence of incubation efficiency between and within urban agglomerations.#br#The results show that on the whole, the average incubation operation efficiency of the whole group is greater than 1, and shows an overall upward trend. From the perspective of regional distribution, it presents a distribution pattern of "strong in the East and weak in the west". The overall Moran index of the operation efficiency of China's science and technology business incubators is positive, and most years have passed the significance test, indicating that the incubation activities show spatial correlation. Most provinces gather in the first quadrant and the third quadrant, and some regions show the characteristics of high low and low high aggregation, which shows that the regional incubation performance will be affected not only by its region but also by the spillover effect of incubation resources in other regions. The overall operation efficiency of China's science and technology business incubators shows a convergence trend, and the spatial spillover effect is not obvious. The grouping test shows that there is club convergence in the operation efficiency of science and technology business incubators in the H-H group and H-L group, and it is affected by the spatial spillover effect. The operation efficiency of science and technology business incubators in the L-L group shows a convergence trend, and the convergence characteristics of operational efficiency in L-H group are not obvious.#br#While maintaining their rapid development, it is suggested to further expand the scope of regional interaction and actively drive the rapid development of incubation industries in other regions for regions with efficiency convergence and spatial spillover effect. Regions with efficiency convergence but no significant spatial effect should make use of the spatial spillover effect brought by "learning by doing", demonstration effect, and competition effect to give full play to the advantages of regional cooperation. For regions that are at the "trough" of efficiency and do not form a convergence trend with the surrounding areas, science and technology business incubators should strive to improve the endogenous driving force of development, and improve their operational efficiency by hiring entrepreneurial mentors, carrying out training and actively applying for national incubators.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 20-27 [Abstract] ( 157 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1400KB] ( 241 )
28 Quantitative Simulation and Verification of Wave Convergence Law of Science and Technology Vulnerability of Urban Agglomerations in China
Zeng Peng,ChengYin,Wei Xu
As a collection of multiple cities radiating from the core city to the surrounding area, an urban agglomeration is used to be a new power source leading the development of science and technology in China. However, there are some problems mainly caused by the policy support, urban resources and positioning, such as the difficulty in effective utilization of scientific and technological resources and the unequal distribution of scientific and technological resources. Therefore, it is significant to study on the overall vulnerability of science and technology in urban agglomerations to accurately grasp the sensitivity of urban agglomerations to the science and technology system, and promote the stable and sustainable development of urban science and technology innovation ability in China.#br# The fluctuation mechanism of the vulnerability of science and technology in urban agglomerations is a nonlinear composite fluctuation curve formed with the time lapse and the increase of numbers of allied cities. In this paper, the changing law of wave convergence curve of science and technology vulnerability in urban agglomerations is analyzed in detail through geometric derivation. Then, the evaluation index system of science and technology vulnerability is constructed, and the evaluation score of science and technology vulnerability of all cities in Chinese urban agglomerations and urban agglomerations as a whole is calculated by the VHSD-EM method. In addition, ArcGIS10.2 is used to analyze the spatial trend surface of science and technology vulnerability of different urban agglomerations and cities within urban agglomerations, as well as the spatial pattern and spatio-temporal evolution after classification. The intensity model of joint prevention and control of scientific and technological risks in urban agglomeration and the calculation method of threshold value of science and technology system joint prevention and control are established. Finally, several wave convergence curves are fitted by using Matlab software based on the scientific and technological vulnerability values from 2009 to 2019.#br#The results show that (1) the change of science and technology vulnerability in Chinese urban agglomerations follows the law of wave convergence; (2) the change of science and technology vulnerability in Chinese urban agglomerations presents a wave convergence pattern, and the overall science and technology vulnerability gradually decreases and tends to an optimal stable value; (3) the intensity of joint prevention and control of science and technology risks generally tends to be in wave convergence, and there is a limit of joint prevention and control threshold, and at present, many cities in national urban agglomerations have combined with other cities for risk prevention and control, while few cities at regional and regional levels; (4) the convergence curve of science and technology vulnerability wave in China's urban agglomerations has been verified by practice, which shows that the convergence curves of science and technology vulnerability wave in different urban agglomerations are relatively similar, and the simulation effect of science and technology vulnerability function curve in urban agglomerations is good.#br#Through the overall vulnerability analysis of science and technology in urban agglomerations in China, this paper provides the following important theoretical and empirical reference for the operation of science and technology system in urban agglomerations in China. First, a scientific and technological innovation-driven strategy is suggested. Governments at all levels in urban agglomerations should thoroughly implement the strategy of innovation-driven development and promote scientific and technological innovation and high-tech development to a new level. Second, it is important to explore plans for integrated scientific and technological innovation. Governments at all levels within urban agglomerations should integrate the resources of the government, enterprises, academia and industry organizations to solve the difficulties in industry-university-research cooperation and commit themselves to the R&D and commercialization of revolutionary and cutting-edge manufacturing technologies. Third, systematic governance of scientific and technological innovation should be stressed. Governments at all levels within urban agglomerations should first strengthen the construction of scientific and technological data infrastructure, and promote the application of big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence in scientific research and innovation activities. The last is to advise the governments at all levels in urban agglomerations to build a systematic and open science and technology innovation ecosystem.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 28-38 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2293KB] ( 214 )
Industrial Technological Progress
39 Government Innovation Preference, Innovation Factor Flow and Manufacturing Upgrading
Song Xiaoling,Li Jinye
China's economy has changed from high-speed growth to high-quality development. The high-quality development of manufacturing industry has become an important support to promote the national high-quality economic development，and it is an important part of modern economic system construction. Meanwhile，in the current stage，China's manufacturing industry is at the middle and low end of the value chain，and high-end manufacturing is underdeveloped. Therefore，there is an urgent need to transform the industrial development from the traditional tangible factors of production driven model to innovation driven model. Innovation factors are important strategic resources for implementing innovation-driven strategy and promoting industrial upgrading. At the same time，with the implementation of the innovation driven development strategy and change the achievements appraisal，local governments also strengthen their support for industrial innovation activities through financial investment in science and technology to attract innovative elements. Under this background，can the innovative factors flow promote manufacturing upgrade? What effect does government innovation preference play in the process of manufacturing upgrading driven by innovation factor flow? It is of great practical significance to guide the flow of innovation factors and promote the upgrading of manufacturing industry by clarifying these problems .#br#This paper systematically reveals the influence mechanism of innovation factor flow on manufacturing upgrading and the nonlinear adjustment mechanism of government innovation preference. Firstly，innovation factor flow has a positive promoting effect on the advanced and rationalization of manufacturing industry. Innovation factor flow has the spatial knowledge spillover effect and the spatial resource allocation effect,both of which can accelerate the spread of new knowledge，new technology and new mode in different geographical space units，improve the efficiency of resource allocation and then promote the advanced and rationalization of manufacturing industry. Secondly，on the aspect of the nonlinear adjustment mechanism of government innovation preference on manufacturing upgrading, government innovation preference can enhance the promotion effect of innovation factor flow on manufacturing industry upgrading. However，there is a range of government innovation subsidy intensity for enterprise innovation，for it is not conducive to enterprises' innovation activities if the intensity is too low or too high.#br#In terms of empirical research，based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2019，this paper uses the spatial Durbin model，mediating effect model and threshold regression analysis methods to systematically examine the impact of innovation personnel flow,innovation capital flow on manufacturing upgrading and the moderating effect of government innovation preference. The results show that firstly，both innovation personnel flow and innovation capital flow have significant positive effects on the advanced manufacturing and rationalization of manufacturing industry. Secondly，the path test shows that innovation personnel flow and innovation capital flow indirectly promote the advanced manufacturing and rationalization of manufacturing industry through improving innovation capacity. Thirdly，government innovation preference has a significant positive moderating effect on the process of innovation capital flow driving the advanced manufacturing and rationalization of manufacturing industry，while for innovation personnel flow, government innovation preference can promote the advanced manufacturing，but has no significant promoting effect on the rationalization of manufacturing industry.Forthly，in the process of manufacturing upgrading driven by the flow of two types of innovation factors，the moderating effect of government innovation preference is nonlinear. #br#Based on the above conclusion，in order to accelerate manufacturing upgrading，this article puts forward the following policy recommendations. The first is to promote the rational flow of innovation factors.The second is to strengthen the industrial connection with the geographical proximity or the same economic level of the region and plan industrial spatial layout rationally. The third is to improve industrial innovation capacity continuously. The fourth is to attach importance and give full play to the positive regulating role of government science and technology expenditure in the process of innovation factor flow promoting manufacturing upgrading, and it’s vital to set a reasonable range of innovation subsidy.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 39-48 [Abstract] ( 209 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1383KB] ( 210 )
49 The Interactive Relationship among Digital Economy, Digital Literacy of Talents and the Upgrading of Manufacturing Structure:A PVAR Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data
Chen Huaichao,Tian Xiaoyu,Fan Jianhong
Digitization is the interactive development process of economy, individual and industry using digital resources. Digital economy creates good digital environment; digital literacy of talents provides strong intellectual support; and the upgrading of manufacturing structure expands rich application scenarios. It can be seen that clarifying the relationship among digital economy, digital literacy of talents and the upgrading of manufacturing structure, and realizing good interaction among them can help to build powerful digital country, powerful talent country and powerful manufacturing country.At present, scholars have not discussed the interactive relationship among digital economy, digital literacy of talents and the upgrading of manufacturing structure. There is rare research to integrate the three into a framework for comprehensive research using empirical methods. Furthermore, there is no literature deeply exploring the dynamic interactive relationship among them. In view of this, based on provincial panel data from 2010 to 2019, this paper constructs a PVAR model from the two dimensions of rationalization and advancement of manufacturing structure, and explores the dynamic interactive relationship among digital economy, digital literacy of talents and the upgrading of manufacturing structure by Granger causality test, impulse response function and variance decomposition.#br#The research conclusions of this paper include three aspects. Firstly, there are significant two-way interaction effects between digital economy and the rationalization and advancement of manufacturing structure. Digital economy plays significant roles in promoting the rationalization and advancement of manufacturing structure, and both the rationalization and advancement of manufacturing structure can significantly promote development of digital economy. Secondly, both digital economy and the advancement of manufacturing structure have sustained promoting effects on digital literacy of talents, while the rationalization of manufacturing structure has no significant promoting effect on digital literacy of talents. Thirdly, digital literacy of talents does not effectively promote digital economy and the rationalization and advancement of manufacturing structure.#br#According to the conclusions, the paper provides the following suggestions. Firstly, relevant departments should speed up the development of digital economy, promote the digital transformation of manufacturing, and the coordinated development of digital economy and the upgrading of manufacturing structure. Relevant departments should increase the investment in research and development of digital technology, accelerate the development of digital economy, and provide impetus for the rationalization and advancement development of manufacturing structure. At the same time, it is necessary to guide the rational allocation of production factors through policies, encourage the digital transformation of manufacturing and further promote the development of digital economy. Secondly, relevant departments should create good environment for the development of digital economy, release talent demand for the upgrading of manufacturing structure, rationally allocate existing digital talent resources, and make joint efforts to promote the improvement of digital literacy of talents. Relevant departments should strengthen the infrastructure construction of digital economic, create good digital environment, and form an important driving force for improving digital literacy of talents. They should speed up the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing to digitization and intelligence, release the demand for digital talents in manufacturing, and drive the improvement of digital literacy of talents. It is necessary to adjust and optimize the manufacturing structure, to rationally allocate existing digital talents, to create atmosphere for learning digital technology, and to stimulate the learning initiative of talents, so as to improve their digital literacy. Thirdly, relevant departments should attach importance to digital literacy education, improve digital literacy of talents, and release positive signals for the development of digital economy and the upgrading of manufacturing structure. Relevant departments should strengthen digital literacy education and cultivate a large number of high-quality talents. It is necessary to improve the flowing mechanism of manufacturing talents,realize the free flowing and effective allocating of talents with high digital literacy among industries, and promote the development of digital economy and the upgrading of manufacturing structure.#br#The theoretical contributions of this paper include two aspects. Firstly, this paper puts digital economy, digital literacy of talents and the upgrading of manufacturing structure into a framework, analyzes the internal logic of their mutual influence, and innovatively carries out the integration research of digital economy, digital literacy of talents and the upgrading of manufacturing structure. Secondly, this paper empirically explores the dynamic interactive relationship among digital economy, digital literacy of talents and the upgrading of manufacturing structure using a PVAR model, which provides a new perspective for revealing the two-way interaction among them and deepens the research in related fields.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 49-58 [Abstract] ( 235 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5141KB] ( 527 )
59 Empirical Research of on the Influence of Industrial Internet Platform on Industrial Integration
Shi Zhangming,Du Lin
In the era of Industrial Internet, platform economy has become a new economic form and service carrier deeply influencing all the development level of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The industrial Internet platform, as the deep integration of information technology and industrial modernization, effectively link up industry chain, supply chain, value chain upstream and downstream market players, and thus it promotes the expansion and penetration of platform economy. Then will the development level of platform economy affect industrial integration? What are the influence mechanism and realization path? In view of this, this study focuses on the impact of the platform economy and industrial convergence from the perspective of the industrial internet, and proposes that the development of industrial internet will promote the industrial convergence through three mechanisms: technology convergence, producer services and manufacturing integration, and supply chain value chain integration.
On the basis of the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2019, this study uses the panel quantile regression method to analyze the relationship between the level of platform economic development and industrial convergence from the perspective of Industrial Internet. It reveals the effect mechanism of industrial internet platform development level on industrial convergence, and tests the intermediary effect of industrial upgrading on platform economic development level and industrial convergence. The results show that the development of industrial internet platform has no significant impact on the integration of technology and producer services and manufacturing, but it has significant positive impact on the integration of supply chain value chain. Further analysis shows that the industrial upgrading of manufacturing industry has completely mediating effect on the integration of supply chain and value chain in the industrial internet platform.
In view of the empirical results, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. First, the development of industrial Internet platform should be further standardized so that the industrial Internet platform can play its due role in technology convergence. At present, the number of cloud enterprises in China is very small, one of the important reasons is that the level of industrial Internet governance is relatively low, not yet standardized. Hence it is necessary to issue relevant laws timely to further regulate the platform governance under the Industrial Internet, take disciplinary measures against monopoly giant industries, and create a healthy virtuous circle environment for the development of industrial Internet. Meanwhile the risk assessment and supervision of industrial Internet should be strengthened to perfect the legal system supporting the platform economy. Second, the integration of manufacturing and service industries based on industrial linkages should be strengthened. On the one hand, high-quality development of the service sector should be enabled based on industrial mode of production and Internet thinking. It is critical to strengthen the cultivation of key industrial sectors based on integrated applications, and focus on the standardization of industrial applications in producer services, form and promote industrial internet-based production production of specific scenarios and replicable production solutions. On the other hand, the technological advantages of industrial interconnection should be given full play to carry out technological empowerment. Manufacturing enterprises should be encouraged to have the digital transformation and stimulate the enthusiasm of producer services to make use of the platform to serve the manufacturing industry, promote the formation of industrial convergence. Third, the role of the industrial internet is attached with great importance in promoting the integration of value chains and provide targeted policy support. Not only the actual value-creating role of the producers of industrial internet links in the value chain should be stressed, but also the reasonable value demands of the builders of industrial Internet should be protected to avoid anyone taking advantage of its own previleges to participate in value predation.
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 59-68 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 865KB] ( 313 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
69 How to Build the Cooperation Network of Internal and External Scientific Research in Enterprises：Self-centered or Multi talented
Jiang Shuyang,Zhuang Yaming,Liu Xiaqun
The technology sources have been narrowing with thedevelopment of the core of global science and technology competition and the trend of anti-globalization. From the perspective of the relationship between science and technology, scientific research is related to the source of technological innovation and guides the next exploration of technological innovation. It is an important way for enterprises to break the "low-end locking". Due to the short-term unpredictability of scientific research results, the prospect of making this long-term strategic decision independently is vague. Enterprises often need to cooperate with external organizations to share the cost and risk of continuous investment. Internal and external scientific research cooperation often exists at the same time, and the trend of rapid interaction between enterprises is becoming more and more obvious, resulting in the threat to the exertion of sustainable competitive advantage of enterprises, and the problem that the simple superposition of innovation quantity has been difficult to adapt to the impact of increasingly complex competitive environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore how to efficiently carry out scientific research and improve the quality of innovation..#br#In order to verify the above complex relationship, this papercollects data from three aspects. Firstly, based on the web of science core database, this study sorts out the information of units and authors of 16 316 co-authored papers in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in China from 2007 to 2016, constructs the internal and external scientific research cooperation network of the enterprise, and calculates the relevant cooperation network indicators. Secondly, the patent application data of the above companies during the sample period is collected on the website of the State Intellectual Property Office. Finally, the basic information and financial data of relevant enterprises are sorted out through CSMAR database. Considering the long time span between scientific research cooperation behavior and innovation output, the internal scientific research cooperation network density and the location characteristics of external scientific research cooperation network are matched with the relevant information of the enterprise based on the three-year mobile window period. Among them, the observation interval of explanatory variable indicators is 2007-2016, the observation interval of explained variable indicators is 2010-2019, and the observation interval of control variables is 2009-2018. Then this study uses hierarchical regression to analyze the comprehensive impact of internal scientific research cooperation network density, external scientific research cooperation network centrality and external scientific research cooperation network structure hole on innovation quality.#br#Through network analysis and regression analysis, this paper investigates the complex relationship between the density of internal scientific research cooperation network, the location characteristics in external scientific research cooperation network and innovation quality. It is concluded that in order to improve the innovation quality of enterprises, it will help to form the coordination of internal scientific research forces and promote the effective accumulation of scientific research knowledge by building a dense internal scientific research cooperation network. The location of the external scientific research cooperation network affects the acquisition of high-quality scientific knowledge, thus affecting the innovation quality of enterprises. There is a nonlinear relationship between the centrality level of the external scientific research cooperation network and the innovation quality of enterprises, and it first increases and then decreases; while occupying the structural hole can have a continuous positive impact on the innovation quality of enterprises. The density of internal scientific research network has an impact on the efficiency of external scientific research cooperation. The dense internal scientific research network alleviates the "double-edged sword" effect of the centrality of external scientific research cooperation, and strengthens the advantage of structural hole.#br#With the focus on the relationship between the density of internal scientific research network, the location of external scientific research cooperation network and innovation quality,this study depicts the scientific knowledge creation and flow mechanism in the process of scientific research cooperation, and enriches the relevant theoretical basis. In addition, the internal and external scientific research cooperation network is introduced into the same research framework, the complex impact of the coupling of internal and surgical research cooperation network on the innovation quality of enterprises and the synergy mechanism of internal and external scientific research cooperation forces are analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the scientific research cooperation management of enterprises.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 69-77 [Abstract] ( 146 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1451KB] ( 280 )
78 Overseas Experience, Short-termism and Corporate Innovation: Moderated Mediation Effect
Qiao Pengcheng,Xu Xiangbing
Innovation is the primary driving force for development. According to the 2021 Global Innovation Index report of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), China's innovation has ranked the 12th in the world, and the first among medium-sized economies for many years in a row. However, there is still a considerable technological gap between China and developed countries in some key technologies. Returnees with overseas experience are considered to have outstanding performance in cognition, personality and ability, and have knowledge spillover effect. They have become an important source of high-level talents in China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for China to study the mechanism by which managerial overseas experience influences enterprise innovation.#br#Based on the high-level echelon theory and branding theory, this study empirically tests the relationship between managerial overseas experience, short-termism and enterprise innovation by using the fixed effect model with the data of China's A-share main board, GROWTH Enterprise Board and Science and Technology Innovation Board from 2012 to 2020. The patent data comes from CNRDS, short-termism data comes from WinGo financial text data platform, and government subsidy data is obtained by using Python to crawl annual report text, and other financial data comes from CSMAR company. It controls for the fixed effects of industry and year in the regression process, and the regression results are cluster-adjusted at the individual firm level.#br#Wefind that managerial short-termism plays a partial mediating role in the path of managerial overseas experience affecting firm innovation. The influence path of overseas experience, short-termism and enterprise innovation does not hold in recession. Financing constraints will moderate the first half of this path, and government subsidies will moderate the second half of this path. The first half path adjustment of financing constraint still holds in the mature stage, and the second half path adjustment of government subsidy still holds in the growth stage. We designed the instrumental variables of management's overseas experience based on the number of ports and cities opened to the outside world in China and conducted iv-2SLS regression, and the regression conclusion was still robust. We then carried out a series of robustness tests, including delaying all independent variables by one stage to overcome the delay of innovation output, replacing the number of invention patents with higher technical content as the alternative variable of the dependent variable, and performing propensity matching scores to avoid selection bias. The regression results are still robust.#br#The innovation of this paper lies in the use of instrumental variables based on the numbers of cities and ports open to the outside world in China. These parts of China were the first to open up and embrace the trend of openness to the outside world, so local residents are more likely to choose to work overseas and are more likely to be employed by local companies when they return home. This instrumental variable helps to overcome the endogeneity problem of reverse causality.#br#Compared with previous research literature, this study firstly expands the research conclusions on the economic consequences ofoverseas experience. The text analysis and machine learning methods of WinGo financial text data platform to obtain the index of short-termism can provide a new perspective for the impact of overseas experience on enterprise innovation, and expand the research conclusions on the economic consequences of overseas experience. Second, we identify the influence mechanism of management's overseas experience, short-termism and firm innovation. Through the mediation effect test method, we find that managers' overseas experience can generate sufficient resource advantage and knowledge spillover effect, and promote enterprise innovation by reducing management myopia. This conclusion provides empirical support for the introduction of returnees as human resources to stimulate enterprise innovation. Third, we open up the black box of how overseas experience affects corporate innovation. Through moderated mediation, we find that financial constraints and government subsidies can moderate the impact path of management's overseas experience, short-termism, and firm innovation. We further consider the heterogeneous perspective of enterprise life cycle, and find that the influence path still holds in the growth stage and mature stage, but not in the recession stage. The conclusions can provide empirical evidence for the Chinese government to reduce the dilemma of financing constraints and promote enterprise innovation through financial subsidies.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 78-87 [Abstract] ( 366 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1314KB] ( 386 )
88 The Influence Mechanism of Effectuation on Service Innovation in Manufacturing Firms: A Moderated Dual Mediation Model
Xu Guozhang,Chen Wanming,Dai Keiqing
Under the new development paradigm of "dual circulation", the complexity and uncertainty of China's economy are increasing. The digital economy model driven by information technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain has become a new enginefor social and economic development. In this context, manufacturing enterprises are facing fierce market competition, and traditional operating models are stretched to meet increasingly diversified and individualized market demands. Service innovation based on service-led logic is an important means for traditional manufacturing enterprises to transform to manufacturing service enterprises, and to realize the adjustment of production structure and the upgrading of the value chain. Then how can manufacturing enterprises carry out service innovation? The existing research focuses on external knowledge acquisition and internal resource application. However scholars explore the antecedents from the behavioral strategy level, while the research on the strategic decision-making level is inadequate; besides the uncertainty of the external environment leads to the failure of the application of traditional causal reasoning theory in the field of service innovation. #br#This study constructs a "logic-behavior-result" research framework for manufacturing enterprise service innovation based on the effectuation theory, and empirically analyzes the influence mechanism of effectuation on manufacturing enterprise service innovation in uncertain environments. The it explores the double mediating effect of opportunity shaping and resource bricolage, and further analyzes the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty.#br#Five hundreds of questionnaires are delivered to manufacturing companies.The research samples are mainly from manufacturing enterprises in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui and other Yangtze River Delta regions that have been established for more than two years and have served for more than one year. The questionnaires are all completed by middle and high-level leaders of the company, and 343 copies are actually collected with 308 valid questionnaires obtained. The multiple linear regression model is constructed to verify the hypotheses.#br#From the perspective of opportunity resource integration, this study discusses the dual mediating path of opportunity shaping and resource bricolage between effectuation and service innovation, and further analyzes the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty between effectuation and opportunity shaping, and resource bricolage. The results show that(1) effectuation positively affects service innovation; (2) opportunity shaping and resource bricolage play the dual mediating effect on effectuation and service innovation; (3) environmental uncertainty plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between effectuation, opportunity shaping and resource bricolage.#br#This paper makes several contributions to the literature as follows. (1) The study reconstructs the path mechanism of manufacturing enterprise service innovation from a new perspective of effectuation. From the perspective of the theory of effectuation, it clarifies the utility path of opportunity shaping and resource bricolage in the relationship between effectuation and service innovation. (2) It expands the application context of effectuation theory. This study multiplies the effectuation theory originated in the field of entrepreneurship to the service innovation situation of manufacturing enterprises, enriching the theories and methods of management decision-making in the uncertain situation of manufacturing enterprises. (3) It clarifies the boundary conditions of effectuation that affect opportunity shaping and resource bricolage, and lays a foundation for the subsequent exploration of the comparison of the service innovation effects of manufacturing enterprises under different paths. Since there are limitations on sample selection and data processing methods, the influence path of effectuation on service innovation of manufacturing enterprises is expected to be improved. Future research can further explore theinfluence path of decision-makers' characteristics, psychology and other factors in different situations between effectuation and service innovation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 88-96 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1403KB] ( 436 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
97 The Choice of Government Support Mode to Improve the Basic R&D Capability of Enterprises: The Comparison of Economic/Social Support Policy
Zhao Zhen,Xia Qing,Zhang Xuemei,Zhang Yuchun
The new economic situation requires the government to further strengthen the public service function so as to promote the improvement of the basic R&D capacity of Chinese enterprises.In order to promote the transformation of the economy from a capital driven model to an innovation driven model, the government has the obligation to promote the improvement of enterprises' basic research through public services on the medium and macro level, graduallymake up for the defect of Chinese enterprises'basic research and development capability, and improve the internal driving force of innovation in China's economy. Studies have shown that innovation behavior is different from the conventional operation of enterprises, and it involves the path dependence of tacit knowledge development and application so that there is high uncertainty, high complexity and path dependence in innovation implementation. Therefore, enterprise innovation shows a variety of characteristics due to individual differences. The innovation phenomenon in the whole industry is diversified, and the individuality is greater than the commonness. This personalized difference is more prominent in basic research and developed areas. In today's industrial economy of innovation and enterprise (in the case of low technology and high density of labor), the traditional undifferentiated government support, i.e. economic policy support can not fully take into account the individual characteristics of enterprise innovation. So a relatively targeted support model of social policy support evolved. However, even when the two support modes are used together, the practical results of local governments are still not ideal. Many problems in practice, such as excessive government intervention, occur from time to time; some enterprises cheat the government to get subsidies. Therefore, this paper tries to explain the mechanism of the two support modes. Starting from the advantages and disadvantages of economic policy and social policy in government support, this paper summarizes the positive and negative effects caused by different support modes, and then tries to form a new logical framework.#br#　This paper selects manufacturing enterprises, IT enterprises, pharmaceutical enterprises and chemical enterprises as initial samples for screening and analysis. Based on 498 questionnaires from 158 enterprises, the hierarchical linear model is used to test the hypotheses.The stduy verifies the hypothesis by defining variables and builds a cross-hierarchical regression model.#br#　The research has the following findings.（1）The depth of social policy support has an inverted U-shaped effect on the improvement of enterprises' basic R&D capability, but it is easy to provide support beyond the boundary.（2）The normalization of economic policy support has an inverted U-shaped effect on enterprise innovation, but it can significantly reduce the phenomenon of support crossing the boundary. （3）The two modes have their own advantages and disadvantages, and their common use must be based on the industrial development stage, the objective needs of enterprises and the effective participation of the market.#br#　Taking the theory of government regulation and the theory of government-market relationship as theoretical clues, this paper is different from previous literature and examines the support situation of enterprise basic R&D in the micro context and takes industrial characteristics as the situational factor to re-examine and test the rationality of the "carrot and stick" view. The research results of this paper provides guiding significancefor government. Firstly, the supportive policies and measures in social support should abide by the supportive boundary. There are certain constraints on the public service function of the government. In order to ensure the play of market mechanism, the local government should not intervene excessively in planning and promoting enterprise innovation. Secondly, an information disclosure mechanism combining enterprise, market and government has been formed, which slows down the rigidity of economic policy support. In the implementation process of economic policy support in the future,theinformation disclosure platform should be established to reflect enterprise demand and market conditions. Finally, according to the industry characteristics, the government should improve the dynamic and pluralistic role of policy support, and be able to choose the appropriate support mode dynamically and diversely to prevent the occurrence of support disutility.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 97-104 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 290 )
105 The Practical Challenges and Countermeasures of Patent System in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Deng Peng,Li Fang,Li Mingjing
Nowadays with the increasing complexity, the autonomous decision-making abilities and deep applications in a wider range of fields, AI systems have posed significant challenges to the current legal and regulatory systems. Particularly, in the field of intellectual property, the entire ecosystem is facing unprecedented challenges, from technical solutions to the review of inventiveness, and from assisted decision-making to autonomous inventions.#br#In this article, patent systems of artificial intelligence in major countries are sorted out, two characteristics of positive incentive and reverse constraint are summarized. On the one hand, the object of the patent protection is definite and the uniqueness in the internal structure design of the system is pursued. On the other hand, since artificial intelligence system has prominent autonomy, monopoly and invisibility, the public is seriously concerned with a series of risks and issues, such as security, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy and data rights. The sound development of AI in a secure and trusted system has become the focus of attention. To this end, the guidance of "justice" is important, and the construction of collaborative governance system and security barrier should be explored to eliminate the potential harms.#br#This study further analyzes the practical challenges of the current patent system from the perspective of technology and application of artificial intelligence. From the technical perspective, the " black box of algorithm" leads to complexity of the novelty, creativity and practicability of patents. To be more specific, the algorithm black box makes it extremely difficult to judge and deduce the technical scheme. Especially when the artificial intelligence system is applied to specific field scenes to perform specific tasks, it is almost impossible to accurately understand all the thinking processes and details of the machine, and even the inventor may be confused about the algorithm; the current algorithm is difficult to ensure fairness in judging the "creativity standard"; the high unpredictability in the algorithm decision-making process is likely to lead to the lack of repeatability and practicality of the invention, which may hinder the application and progress of technology. Model defects leads to the defects in applicability and robustness of the patent technology solutions. The data crisis brings the problems in openness, transparency, interpretability and traceability. From the perspective of application, the identification and supervision of the products of artificial intelligence, the impacts of inventors of artificial intelligence, the monopoly of patent technologies and markets, and the security and credibility of technology have all posed great challenges to the current patent system.#br#The study focuses on the practice of patent system, and puts forward four suggestions according to the above challenges. First, the patent disclosure rules of architecture system of algorithm, objective function and data should be improved to promote the innovation, application and flow of artificial intelligence technology. Second, the top-level design should be improved, and the relevant patent application process and review means should be optimized, thus meeting the urgent needs of innovation protection. Third, the identification system of artificial intelligence products should be established to provide basic guarantee for effective identification and management. Fourth, the linkage role of the patent systems should come into play to help build long-term risk prevention and control mechanisms dominated by technical regulation and legal control.#br#By analyzing the impacts and challenges of the patent system in the era of artificial intelligence, this paper puts forward specific suggestions on the optimization and improvement of the patent system related to artificial intelligence in China. With the continuous optimization and improvement of the intellectual property system represented by patents, the deep integration of artificial intelligence technology and industry will be promoted, and the high-quality development of the whole society will be boosted.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 105-113 [Abstract] ( 352 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1271KB] ( 595 )
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
114 The Mode and Development Path of Civil-Military Symbiosis in High-Tech Industry
Lian Chenxi,Wang Jian,Liu Jida
High-tech industry is the core field of national civil-military integration and development. The formation of a complete and effective civil-military ecosystem is the basis for promoting the orderly development of civil-military integration and stimulating the interaction between the military and the civilian fields. The changes of the civil-military relations are closely focused the overall development environment and the contemporary needs. From the perspective of economic system operation, although there are many differences between national defense construction and economic construction, they have never been completely independent operating systems. Therefore, it is precisely the discontinuity of civil military interaction that hinders the formation of an integrated national strategic system and capability. A detailed portrayal of the symbiotic relationship and symbiotic mode between military and civilian in the development of high-tech industries can provide an effective observation perspective for a more optimized and long-lasting civil-military interaction model. Although the research on the development model of civil-military integration is extensive at this stage, most of the studies are qualitative studies at the static level, andignore the dynamic and evolutionary characteristics of the development of civil-military integration to a certain extent. #br#Drawing on the symbiosis theory, this paper aims to construct a framework of civil-military symbiosis system and symbiotic evolution equation for high-tech industry. By considering the logistic growth curve, the various modes and parameters of civil-military symbiosis in high-tech industries are analyzed with radar and its supporting equipment manufacturing, semiconductor discrete device manufacturing, and integrated circuit manufacturing as typical high-tech industries. Simulations are carried out for independent development, parasitic development, biased symbiosis and reciprocal symbiosis. #br#The results show that the quantity of enterprises in high-tech industries, such as my radar and its supporting equipment manufacturing, semiconductor discrete device manufacturing, and integrated circuit manufacturing, has been increased with volatility during 1995-2019. The main revenue of high-tech industries is generally coordinated with the development trend of national economy, and new growth dynamics need to be stimulated to promote the symbiotic development of high-tech industries in the civil-military sector. In the process of industrial development, reciprocal symbiosis is the main mode of generating new energy in the civil-military symbiosis mode of high technology industry. It is an essential path to enhance the energy level of civil-military symbiosis by improving the coefficient of civil-military symbiosis and expanding the scale capacity of the industry . #br#Reciprocal symbiosis is development of incremental energy that is beneficial to both partners of the symbiosis, in which asymmetric and symmetric reciprocal symbiosis correspond to the two manifestations of new energy allocation in reciprocal symbiosis, respectively. The asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis of high-tech industries realizes the joint growth of military and civilian enterprises, and the final evolutionary scale of both types of enterprises is larger than the set maximum size. It shows that the additional energy generated by the reciprocal symbiosis process is allocated to the development of both types of enterprises according to the symbiosis coefficient. The energy distribution process of reciprocal symbiosis illustrates that the high-tech industry has a two-way exchange of civil-military integration which is also one of the basic mechanisms of civil-military integration to promote new energy in the industry. The symmetric reciprocal symbiosis pattern is formed when the new energy of the high technology industry is symmetrically distributed between military and civilian enterprises. Similar to the evolutionary trajectory of asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis, both military and civilian enterprises eventually obtain an industrial scale larger than the set maximum, which likewise expresses the need for a communication mechanism for civil-military integration. In addition, symmetric reciprocity is an ideal symbiotic model with a balanced exchange mechanism. The symmetrical distribution of the new energy generated allows the military and civilian enterprises to obtain reciprocal development opportunities. #br#The development path and policy suggestions for accelerating the civil-military integration of high-tech industries are summarized from five aspects: mutual-symbiosis communication mechanism, two-way energy flow mechanism, optimize the mutual-symbiosis interface, expand the capacity of high-tech industries, and promote the coordination of industrial chains. This study is expected to provide theoretical reference for activating the vitality of civil-military integration in high-tech industry, and promote the development of civil-military scientific and technological innovation and upgrading of industrial structure.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 114-123 [Abstract] ( 166 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3192KB] ( 345 )
124 Sharing Models,Dilemma and Governance of Civil-military Scientific and Technological Talents from the Perspective of Embeddedness
Guo Yonghui
Scientific and technological talents are national strategic resources which can present the national comprehensive national strength and competitive ability. Due to institutional reasons, civil-military scientific and technological talents in China have been separated for a long time, which cannot effectively support national strategy driven by innovation and civil-military deep integration. From the embedding perspective, the essence of the sharing of military and civilian scientific and technological talents is the embedding process of scientific and technological talents in the organization.At present, there are few researches on the sharing of scientific and technological talents between the military and the civilian. On the whole, some scholars have recognized the importance of good military-civilian scientific and technological talent sharing to organizational innovation and national military-civilian integration development strategy. It is necessary to give theoretical support and practical improvement to the current state of separation between military and civilian scientific and technological talents. The embedment basis of military and civilian science and technology talents sharing includes embedment system foundation, embedment demand foundation and talent convergence foundation. Embedding implies symbiosis. The embedding process of military and civilian scientific and technological talents sharing is also a process of mutual dependence and interaction between the two talents. With the analysis of the embedment basis of military and civilian science and technology talents sharing, the embedment model of military and civilian science and technology talents sharing is proposed.#br#On the basis of the embedding theory and literature achievements mentioned above, as well as the preliminary research, this study classifies the sharing embedding mode of military and civilian scientific and technological talents into three types: virtual embedding, entity embedding and intelligence embedding. Among them, virtual embedding belongs to the sharing of science and technology talents within the organization, while entity embedding and intelligence embedding belong to the sharing of science and technology talents outside the organization. The main differences of the three embedding modes are embodied in the talent subordination relationship, sharing boundary, sharing level and sharing way. The virtual embedded talent sharing mode is mainly limited to the flow sharing within a single military-civilian organization with a clear boundary and belongs to the closed collaboration. It mainly appears in the period of China's military-civilian transition with the purpose of transferring redundant military r&d and production capacity. The intelligence embedment model can promote the interaction and collaboration between military and civilian scientific research organizations, and the knowledge and skills of scientific and technological talents could be permeated and shared in military and civilian fields since 2021. However, the boundary of talents is still closed. The pattern of separation between the military and the civilian has not been completely broken. The entity embedding mode helps to break the "partition wall" between the military and civilian fields and truly realizes the open sharing of scientific and technological talents between the military and civilian fields. With the implementation of the military-civilian integration development strategy, the proportion of such talent sharing mode will continue to increase, especially with the continuous increase of dual-use talents, the integration process of military-civilian scientific and technological talents will continue to accelerate.#br#According to the embedment theory, the dilemmas of military-civilian scientific and technological talents sharing include embedment cognitive dilemmas, embedment relationship dilemmas, embedment structure dilemmas, embedment policy deficiency and embedded channel dilemma. Thus this paper proposes the following effective embedded governance strategies such as strengthening legal and policy guidance, publicity and education, enhancing the military and civilian two-way service awareness of scientific and technological talents and improving the embedded cognitive dilemma. It is essential to break down the barriers in cooperation between military and civilian scientific and technological talents, strengthen the positive interaction between talents, and remove the dilemma of embedded relationship. It is also necessary to cultivate dual-use scientific and technological talents, balance the overall network structure of scientific and technological talents, and improve the predicament of embedded structure.It is suggested to establish and improve policies and systems for the sharing of scientific and technological personnel between the military and the civilian sectors, and get out of the policy dilemma of embedding them, so that it is possible to smooth the channels for sharing scientific and technological talents between the military and the civilian sectors, and embed them into the channels.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 124-131 [Abstract] ( 144 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1497KB] ( 374 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
132 Intimacy for Innovation: the Stimulating Mechanism of Authentic Leadership Style on New Employees′ Innovative Behavior
Xu Shuang,Yang Zheng,Liu Pingqing,Yang Fang,Zhao Li
With the increasing number of new employees of the post-90s generation, more and more attention has been paid to the incentive effect of different leadership styles on their innovation behavior. The employees of the post-90s generation tend to be more individualistic and self-conscious, which puts forward higher requirements for enterprise human resource management. Among various leadership styles, authentic leadership is regarded as the essence of positive leadership, and it has an important impact on employees′ psychology and behavior. The existing research shows that authentic leadership has a positive effect on work engagement, while whether and how authentic leadership helps to stimulate new employees′ innovation behavior has received less attention. Thus, how can authentic leadership stimulate new employees′ innovation behavior is an important issue to be addressed with both theoretical and practical significance.#br#Based on the cognitive affective theory, this study explores the influence mechanism of authentic leadership style on innovation behavior of employees of the post-90s generation, and identifies the moderating role of mentoring relationship in it. This paper constructs a moderated mediation model of authentic leadership on new employees′ innovation behavior to investigate the mediation role of organizational justice and work engagement and the moderation role of mentoring. The model is empirically tested by the paired samples of new employees of the post-90s generation and their direct leaders from the technology intensive enterprises across China. The results show that authentic leadership has a significant positive impact on the innovation behavior of new employees of the post-90s generation. Besides, new employees′ organizational justice and work engagement play the mediation role in the relationship between authentic leadership and their innovation behavior. What is more, the mediation effects of organizational justice are stronger than the mediation effect of work engagement. The last but not the least, mentoring can positively moderates the influence of authentic leadership, organizational justice and work engagement on the innovation behavior of new employees of the post-90s generation. The results show that when new employees receive more mentoring, the positive relationship between authentic leadership and organizational justice and work engagement is stronger, and their moderated mediation effects will be more significant.#br#This study reveals the dual path influence mechanism of new employees' innovation behavior, as well as the substitution effect of authentic leadership and mentoring relationship, which provides a new way to explain and improve the “post-90s” new employees′ innovation behavior, and has important practical value for promoting individual positive behavior. The theoretical contributions of this paper can be summed into two aspects. First, this paper identifies the cognitive emotional mechanism of authentic leadership on the innovation behavior of new employees of the post-90s generation from the perspective of cognitive emotional personality system theory, which helps to expand the research on authentic leadership′s influence mechanism. Compared with previous studies mostly adopted social learning theory, social cognitive theory or identity theory to investigate the influence mechanism, this study emphasizes the influence of social cognition and emotional processing of authentic leadership, which has received less attention. Second, this paper reveals the moderating role of mentoring in influencing new employees′ innovation behavior from the perspective of organizational insiders in socialization. Previous studies focus on the effect of leadership or mentoring, and there are few studies with the focus on the influence of mentoring and leadership at the same time. Combined with the value characteristics of the post-90s new employees′ pursuit of individual achievement and equal interpersonal atmosphere, this paper discusses the moderation effect of the mentoring on the impact of authentic leadership. The conclusions can help to enrich the relevant research of new employees from the perspective of interpersonal interaction.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 132-140 [Abstract] ( 246 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1342KB] ( 272 )
141 The Structural Dimensions of the Corss-border Learning Ability of Senior Corporate Leaders and Its Influence:A Study of Grounded Theory in the Chinese Context
Sun Bin, Hu Xiang, Sun Jun, Shuai Mingjun
With the rapid development of informatization, digitization and artificial intelligence, various market economic entities are involved in the frequently rapidly changing environment and facing the unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Only with the abilities of rapid response, leading innovation, diversification and globalization can the enterprises positively explore new opportunities beyond their main business and cultivate strong cross-border viability. At present, the cross-border operation has become an effective mechanism for enterprises to cope with various changes in the external environment. Significantly, the “cross-border leaders”can effectively mobilize the resources from all parties and play a vital role in the cross-border operation of enterprise. The cross-border learning ability of senior leaders from the enterprises can promote the cross-border learning behaviors of enterprises, and has become an inevitable choice for the enterprises to maintain the sustainable survival, and positive and stable development. #br#　This paper focuses on the cross-border learning ability of senior corporate leaders. Based on grounded theory, it explores and studies the two key issues of the structure dimensions and impact of the cross-border learning ability of senior leaders.#br#First of all, this study defines the concept of cross-border learning ability of the senior leaders of enterprises. The senior leaders acquire the knowledge outside his professional field, and integrate the knowledge inside and outside the field to improve the behaviors ofthemselves and the organizations, comprehensively promoting the quality of the organizations. The ultimate goal of cross-border leaning ability is to enable themselves, organization members and organizations to maintain favorable viability anddevelopment ability in a changing environment. Secondly, the study builds a conceptual model of the structural dimensions and impact of the cross-border learning ability of senior corporate leaders by using the grounded theory method.#br#　In this research, it focus on the one-to-one in-depth interviews of 30 senior leaders selected from different industries with active cross-border business activities. The interview centers about "what kind of structural characteristics of cross-border learning ability of senior leaders in enterprises, and what impacts it will have". More than 43 000 words are collected and collated. The interview data of 25 senior leaders are randomly selected for coding and analysis, and the remaining interview data of 5 senior leaders are used for saturation test.#br#　This study constructs the structural dimension and impact model of cross-border learning ability of senior corporate leaders by three steps. (1) Open coding. Double blind coding is adopted to improve the consistency of coding results. From 25 interview samples, 434 initial concept codes of cross-border learning ability and result effect of senior leaders of enterprises are obtained, and 20 initial categories are abstracted. (2) Axial coding. According to the canonical model, 20 initial categories are included in 7 main categories. The seven main categories are: cross-border learning vision building ability, cross-border learning field selection ability, boundary inertia reconstruction ability, cross-border learning execution ability and cross-border knowledge mining ability, organizational dual learning and enterprise innovation performance. (3) Selective coding. The structural dimension and its influence model of "driving force behavior strategy result" cross-border learning ability of senior leaders of enterprises are constructed, and the saturation test of parallel theory is carried out. Finally, the model is interpreted by using organizational learning theory and high-order theory.#br#　The research results show that the cross-border learning ability of senior leaders of the enterprises is mainly composed of five structural elements: cross-border learning vision building ability, cross-border learning field selection ability, boundary inertia reconstruction ability, cross-border learning execution ability and cross-border knowledge mining ability. Through the introduction of novel insights and the organizational dual learning of leapfrog improvement, the cross-border learning ability of senior corporate leaders has an influences on the permanent innovation and management innovation, thereby influencing innovation performance of enterprises.#br#　This research provides a new research direction for the leadership theory research and further complements and improves the leadership theory, contributes to the effective application of the cross-border learning ability of the top leaders of enterprises, and has practical guiding value for enterprises to cultivate their cross-border learning ability of top leaders.It will help promote enterprises to attach importance to? the training and evaluation of cross-border learning ability of senior leaders, and maintain the cross-border leadership of senior managers to meet the needs of cross-border business transformation and development of enterprises.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 141-151 [Abstract] ( 177 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1393KB] ( 299 )
152 Impact of Creative Characteristics of Technical Entrepreneurs on Enterprise Performance
Li Bin,Chen Qiandi,Wang Yalan,Sun Xiaoming
The national strategy of "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" encourages researchers to participate in innovation and entrepreneurial activities to improve the efficiency of the industrialization of science and technology, However, in reality, not many technicians choose entrepreneurial methods to commercialize innovative achievements, and there are technicians reluctant to participate in any link of commercialization, which brings obstacles to tacit knowledge transfer and reduces the efficiency of successful commercialization of innovative technologies. The individual's willingness of entrepreneurship is influenced by many factors, and the expectation of the performance of enterprises is an important factor influencing the decision of scientific and technological personnel to choose entrepreneurship. #br#In the research of enterprise performance, the research on the influence of entrepreneurs on enterprise performance has been a hot issue. According to the upper echelons theory, many scholars have studied the relationship between entrepreneurs' background characteristics and entrepreneurial enterprise performance, and verified that the improvement of enterprise performance is closely related to some characteristics of entrepreneurs from the perspectives of age, educational background, professional background, previous experience, social capital and so on. Some researchers argue that in addition to the background characteristics of entrepreneurs, the performance of entrepreneurial enterprises may also be affected by the inherent attribute of enterprise size. By reviewing the relevant literature, this paper proposes thatthere is no definite and omnipotent answer to the question whether the scale effect of enterprises is increasing, unchanged or decreasing, and it needs to be analyzed according to the specific situation and careful empirical analysis.#br#This study investigates the influence of creativity characteristics specific to technology-based entrepreneurs on the performance of entrepreneurial ventures, which helps to understand the behavioral patterns of researchers' choice of innovation and entrepreneurial decisions. It has been proved that the technical characteristics background of entrepreneurs has an important impact on the performance of enterprises, but there is a lack of theoretical explanation of how the level of technical creativity of entrepreneurs affects the performance of entrepreneurial enterprises. In this paper, a multiple linear regression analysis is conducted to verify the relevant theoretical hypotheses using a sample of enterprises listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange GEM in 2020. The results show that the level of creativity (patent quality and number of patents) of technology-based entrepreneurs has a significant positive effect on firm performance, and the effect of creativity level of technology-based entrepreneurs on firm performance has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm size at different firm sizes, with the greatest significant effect of creativity level of technology-based entrepreneurs on firm performance in medium-sized firms and no or small effect on performance in large and small firms. In medium-sized firms, the level of creativity of technical entrepreneurs has the greatest significant effect on firm performance, while in large and small firms, the effect on performance is insignificant or small.#br#The research results affirm the advantages of technicians' entrepreneurship and encourage technicians to actively carry out entrepreneurial activities in response to the national needs; the research results help technicians clarify their entrepreneurial ideas and realize the importance of continuous learning in the process of entrepreneurship; in addition, while guiding and encouraging technicians to start businesses, national policies should also be focused on the entrepreneurial ability of technicians. The government should provide all-round support for the success of their entrepreneurship, for instance, the government could build a platform for technical personnel evolving to be entrepreneurs, construct a learning system for the sustainable growth of technical entrepreneurs and improve the comprehensive ability of technical entrepreneurs so as to enhance the courage and confidence of technicians in entrepreneurship.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (19): 152-160 [Abstract] ( 168 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1328KB] ( 225 )
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