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10 September 2022, Volume 39 Issue 17
    

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    Innovation in Science and Technology Management
  • The Diffusion Characteristics of Intelligent Driving Innovation in China in the Post-Epidemic Period: An In-depth Interview Survey Based on Innovative Diffusion Theory
    Gao Zejin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107351
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    Nowadays the issue of innovation and diffusion of intelligent driving technology has attracted wide attention of both academia and industry. As the most important theory and application development direction in the field of artificial intelligence technology innovation, intelligent driving can only maximize its economic or social benefitsthrough effective social diffusion. In China, while the intelligent driving technology innovation is widely spreading in the society, it is confronted with many challenges. At the beginning of 2020, China unfortunately became one of the regions most seriously affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in the world, and many industrial innovation diffusion practices, including intelligent driving technology, were hit hard. Under such circumstances, how has the innovation diffusion practice of intelligent driving in China been affected? How should we do to minimize the negative impact of COVID-19 epidemic and continue to maintain its effective diffusion practice? Both questions are worthy of exploration.#br#In view of this,this study starts from Rogers' framework of innovative diffusion theory. From October 2019 to October 2020, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 95 people from 10 intelligent driving enterprises, 10 enterprise customers and 5 government agencies. Through the in-depth interview surveys, the different characteristics presented by the diffusion practice of China's intelligent driving innovation before and after the COVID-19 epidemic are summarized.#br#The main conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. (1) From the perspective of innovation diffusion theory, the five attribute characteristics affecting innovation diffusion are comparative advantage, compatibility, testability, complexity and observability, and they have direct impacts on the efficiency process of innovation diffusion of technology. Among them, comparative advantage, compatibility, testability and observability have positive impacts on the diffusion efficiency process of innovation, while complexity has a negative impact on the diffusion efficiency process of innovation. Although the COVID-19 epidemic eliminates the contradiction between the innovative diffusion sources of intelligent driving and the potential customers on the characteristics of innovation attributes, such as relative advantages, compatibility, trial and observability, the new contradictions focus on the education,training and easier operation requirements for non-professionals. (2) Before the COVID-19 epidemic, the government and potential users of limited scenarios had limited cognitive level of L1-L5 intelligent driving innovation, and there was a cognitive gap between the objective development of technical indicators and the actual needs of the industry, which was mainly reflected in the contradiction around the attribute characteristics of intelligent driving innovation. But COVID-19 epidemic has played an important role in dispelling the cognitive gap between the government and potential users. This makes the intelligent driving innovation persuasion and decision-making process gradually easier and even leapfrog its path. The process of innovative diffusion may directly entry into the implementation stage. (3) With the process change of the diffusion stage of intelligent driven innovation, the bell curve distribution of intelligent driving innovation is shifted. People who were originally more inclined to adopt in the later stage or do not adopt the innovation have changed their attitude towards intelligent driving innovation, showing the characteristics of competing for early adoption. (4) Facing the sudden crisis of COVID-19, Chinese intelligent driving innovation diffusion sources actively sought application opportunities under the epidemic and resumption of work scenarios, targeted development and expansion of product lines, and accelerated iteration and upgrading of technology in practice scenarios to continue its effective diffusion practice.#br# The above research conclusions outline the diffusion practice changes and stress the measures of China's intelligent driving innovation before and after COVID-19 epidemic. In future research, further quantitative research based on the above research conclusions can be conducted to obtain more micro changes in adoption rate.#br#

    Gao Zejin. The Diffusion Characteristics of Intelligent Driving Innovation in China in the Post-Epidemic Period: An In-depth Interview Survey Based on Innovative Diffusion Theory[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 1-9., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107351.

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  • The Survival and Sustainable Mechanism of Scientific Data Sharing in the Perspective of Intersubjectivity
    Zhao Limei
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021110608
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    The essential intention of scientific data sharing is the openness and reuse of scientific data. Openness is the premise and reuse is the purpose. The dynamic optimization of the complex symbiotic relationship of equity related subjects is the guarantee. The ultimate beneficiary is the scientific community interested in scientific data. However, whether data is shared ultimately depends on the scientific research subjects. Sharing means that there is an inter-relationship between the original development subjects and the utilization subjects of data. The change of scientific data sharing mode and the expected utility of sharing will affect the sharing behavior of the subjects. #br#Currently, the related conceptual system of scientific data sharing mainly focuses on the two dimensions of scientific data openness and reuse. One of the prominent studies in the research field of scientific data sharing at present is about the relevant technical schemes of scientific data sharing, as technical standards are the basis for realizing data interoperability, and their aim is to break the information barrier, realize the aggregation and reasonable circulation of scientific data, and give full play to the application value of scientific data. Among them, the system platform is an important infrastructure for scientific data sharing, which helps to realize the development and integration of multi-source and even heterogeneous scientific data, as well as the management and utilization of scientific data by multi-subjects. Academic field has conducted in-depth research on the design concept of scientific data sharing platform and the horizontal comparison of different platforms.#br#Scientific data sharing is a variety of activities between scientific research subjects with real or potential relationship based on data reuse or reconstruction. In the activity of scientific data sharing, there is a stipulation mechanism that can reflect subjects’ interaction and be perceived by subjects. The establishment and maintenance of inter-subject relationships is the core of scientific data sharing. The survival mechanism of scientific data sharing creates the basic conditions for the data sharing relationship of subjects and seeks the sustainable mechanism for the maintenance of the sharing relationship through the subject interaction activities mediated by scientific data.#br#Intersubjectivity is a deep consideration of the relationships between people and society, whose ideological contribution is to emphasize the consensus reached by the subjects’ communication in the world. According to the subject-object-subject thinking path of intersubjectivity, in scientific data sharing activities, scientific research subjects can not only establish a free relationship with each other through scientific data, but also have a common feeling of scientific data on the basis of mutual recognition. From the perspective of individuals, positive psychological expectations are the basic driving force of scientific data sharing, and it motivates the researchers to participate in scientific data sharing activities, so as to form and maintain complex scientific data sharing relationships. Therefore, if the positive expectation provides the initial feasibility for the generation of scientific data sharing activities, the sustainable development of scientific data sharing must rely on the corresponding survival mechanism.#br#In this paper, the survival mechanism of scientific data sharing is studied from the perspective of intersubjectivity to explore the possible inter-subject relationships in scientific data sharing activities, and it helps to construct and expand the symbiotic coexistence space for the development of participants' subjectivity. The generation basis of scientific data sharing is discussed from the aspects of the premise and internal power, in which why intersubjectivity is the driving factor of scientific data sharing is analyzed in view of internal motivation and practical mechanism, and the internal power of scientific data sharing is interpreted in two stages of expected establishment and expected benefit. The sustainable mechanism of scientific data sharing is explained from the perspectives of the participation constraints at the individual level and the benefit distribution at the overall level, in which the satisfaction of individual retention utility and fair and reasonable benefit distribution can meet the participation constraint motivation at the individual level, and the positive psychological expectation of subjects participating in the sustainability of scientific data sharing. The idea of scientific data sharing based on intersubjectivity can not onlybreed, stimulate and strengthen the internal motivation of subjects to participate in the implementation of scientific data sharing, but also provide a practical mechanism for the embedding behavior of scientific research subjects and offer practical enlightenment for the dynamic construction and survival of the relationship among scientific research subjects in scientific data sharing.#br#

    Zhao Limei. The Survival and Sustainable Mechanism of Scientific Data Sharing in the Perspective of Intersubjectivity[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 10-18., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021110608.

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  • The Development of China's Emergency Science and Technology System from the Perspective of Complex Adaptation System Theory
    Qian Hongwei,Guo Jing,Li Tiantian
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 19-29. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020351
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    In recent years, the world has entered a period of high incidence of emergencies such as floods, earthquakes and epidemics, posing serious threats to the safety of people's lives and property. The response to COVID-19 and other emergencies shows that the prevention and response to major emergencies cannot be achieved without the support of science and technology. Science and technology is regarded as a powerful force to promote social development, and also plays a strong supporting role in the development of emergency management system. But at present, China′s emergency science and technology industry is still in its infancy, and the lack of key technologies and equipment, incomplete product categories and other problems seriously affect the government's emergency management ability. Therefore, it is an important task for society and government departments to study the law in the development process of China′s emergency science and technology system, improve the development level of emergency industry, and minimize the harm caused by emergencies.#br#Therefore, this paper tries to study the development of China′s emergency scientific and technological system from the perspective of complex adaptive system theory. By analyzing the complex adaptability characteristics of China′s emergency science and technology system and reviewing its development history, the basic law of China′s emergency science and technology management is preliminarily explored, providing reference for the development of China′s emergency science and technology and the scientific and technological innovation of emergency enterprises.#br#Based on the complex characteristics of the emergency science and technology system, this paper analyzes the complex properties of the emergency science and technology system from the four main attributes of aggregation, nonlinear, diversity, element flow and the three architecture of identification, building blocks and internal model, and it shows that the emergency science and technology system in China has the characteristics of complex adaptive system. Based on the analysis of CAS theoretical characteristics and the policy identification development of the emergency response industry, the evolution process of China′s emergency response science and technology system is divided into three stages: infancy stage (2003-2007), steady development stage (2008-2017) and rapid growth stage (2018-) through the development analysis of Wuhan Guide Infrared Co.Ltd. to support the evolution of emergency science and technology system. According to the above analysis, it can be concluded that the emergency technology system is a complex system. In the process of the development and evolution of China′s emergency science and technology system, the development mode from traditional emergency response to intelligent emergency response has gradually been formed. #br#This paper analyzes how the science and technology emergency system interacts with the outside world, how the main bodies between different subjects interact, and how each subsystem of the science and technology emergency system forms a complex macro stimulus response model with the help of CAS theory, echo model and limited production model. It further discusses the mechanism of action of the emergency system of science and technology in China. Taking the response to COVID-19 as an example, this paper demonstrates that the emergency science and technology system follows three mechanisms in the context of major emergencies. Based on CAS theory analysis of emergency science and technology system, it is suggested to promote the research and development of core technologies for emergency response according to the scientific and technological needs of emergencies and strengthen the training of leading talents in emergency science and technology. It is also important to improve the transformation system of emergency scientific research achievements and solve the problem of information asymmetry in the process of transformation. By the construction of emergency science and technology industry demonstration park and information network, a long-term mechanism for the transformation of emergency scientific research achievements can be established and promoted to promote the optimization of the transformation mode of emergency scientific research achievements The improvement of the emergency scientific research achievement transformation system and the long-term mechanism will ultimately promote the development of the emergency industry.#br#

    Qian Hongwei,Guo Jing,Li Tiantian. The Development of China's Emergency Science and Technology System from the Perspective of Complex Adaptation System Theory[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 19-29., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020351.

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    • Regional Scientific Development
  • Does Technology Accumulation Improve the Innovation Quantity or Quality
    Yu Liping
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 30-40. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080286
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    China's economic development is shifting from quantity expansion to quality improvement, and innovation quality are receiving increasing attention. Technology accumulation is the foundation of enterprise innovation, and enterprise innovation is an important embodiment of technology accumulation level. Existing studies pay little attention to the relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quantity, and there are just a few studies on the relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quality. Moreover, there is no in-depth study from the perspective of innovation quantity and innovation quality, leaving the following questions untapped: the effect mechanism of technology accumulation on innovation quantity and innovation quality, the linear relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quantity and innovation quality; the characteristics, rules and the existing problems of the effect of technology accumulation on the quantity and quality of innovation and so on. Research on related issues is not only conducive to promoting technological innovation mechanism and innovation quality theory, but also has important significance for strengthening technology accumulation, improving innovation quality and improving innovation efficiency of enterprises.#br#Taking the high-tech industries as the research object, this paper studies the relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quantity and innovation quality from the macro-regional perspective. It divides technology accumulation into production technology accumulation and R&D technology accumulation, and analyzes the mechanism of technology accumulation on the innovation quantity and innovation quality. The effect of technology accumulation on innovation quantity can be divided into three aspects. the first is the mechanism of the effect of traditional technology accumulation on the innovation quantity, including the improvement effect and the extension effect. The improvement effect refers to the continuous improvement along the original technological path to optimize the existing product design. The extension effect is the innovation through the change of utility model or appearance design while the existing technology remains unchanged. The second is to improve the number of innovations through the accumulation of relevant technologies. The third is to improve the process through the accumulation of production technology, so as to improve product quality, expand production capacity, reduce the rejection rate and then increase the number of innovations. The effect of technology accumulation on innovation quality is also divided into three aspects. The first is the accumulation of emerging technology with two functions: the source of new products and semi-finished products of new materials, and it has great significance for innovation quality; The second is the accumulation of major relevant technologies, and it produces major integrated innovations, such as manned spaceflight and high-speed rail technology. The third is the accumulation of major production technologies, resulting in new production methods and indicating the quality of innovation.#br#Based on the Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function, this paper takes high-tech industry as an example and divides the scientific and technological innovation achievements into innovation quantity and innovation quality to establish a basic theoretical model. Firstly, the relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quantity and innovation quality is studied by using simultaneous equation model. Then, the panel threshold model is used to describe the relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quantity and innovation quality. Then, Bayesian vector autoregressive model is used to study the interaction between technology accumulation and innovation quantity and innovation quality. Finally, the robustness of the relationship between technology accumulation and innovation quantity and innovation quality is tested based on BP artificial neural network. The results show that at first the contribution of technology accumulation to innovation quantity is greater than that of innovation quality; second, the coordination level between innovation quantity and innovation quality is low; third, the contribution of technology accumulation to innovation quantity has a decreasing trend through the thresholds of technology accumulation itself, R&D personnel and innovation quality; fourth, with the increase of innovation quantity, the elasticity of technology accumulation to innovation quantity gradually increases; fifth,the elasticity of technology accumulation to innovation quantity reaches the highest when R&D expenditures are at a moderate level; sixth, the elasticity of technology accumulation to innovation quality has a strong scale economy effect.#br#This study creates a new field of research on the effect of technology accumulation on innovation quality, and the research method is comprehensive, systematic and robust. This research has important reference significance for improving China’s innovation quality.#br#

    Yu Liping. Does Technology Accumulation Improve the Innovation Quantity or Quality[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 30-40., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080286.

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  • The Influence of Science and Technology Promotion Service Industry on Regional Innovation Efficiency：An Example from the Three Major Eastern Urban Agglomerations
    Ye Tanglin,Li Lu,Wang Xueying
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 41-50. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022030143
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    Since the beginning of the 21st century,China's scientific and technological innovation capability has been continuously improved. As important space carriers for accelerating the construction of an innovative country and participating in global competition, the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China are still facing many problems, such as uneven spatial distribution of innovation resources, blocked supply and demand information channels, imperfect construction of innovation ecosystem, etc., restricting the improvement of urban agglomerations’ innovation efficiency and affect the implementation of China's innovation driven development strategy. The science and technology service industry can provide technology, information and other services to innovation subjects, promoting the cultivation of regional innovation ecology and regional innovation.#br#Existing studies have shown that science and technology service industry has a positive impact on the improvement of regional innovation ability and innovation level, but there is a lack of discussion on the role of science and technology service industry, especially science and technology promotion and related service industries in regional innovation efficiency. Based on previous studies, this paper takes the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China as the research object, comprehensively explores the impact of the development of science and technology promotion service industry on regional innovation efficiency from the two levels of linear and non-linear mechanism, and looks for the optimal path for cities in different stages of innovation capacity and economic development to improve innovation efficiency, so as to provide a scientific basis for urban agglomerations’ innovation efficiency improvement. In addition, this paper uses enterprise big data as an effective supplement to statistical data, and subdivides science and technology promotion and application services into technology promotion services, intellectual property services, and other science and technology promotion services for more in-depth and detailed research. #br#The study uses the stochastic foreword model to measure the innovation efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China as a whole and the cities within the urban agglomerations. It is found that the innovation efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China is increasing year by year, but there is still a large gap in innovation efficiency among the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban agglomerations, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations. Then based on the panel data of the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China from 2010 to 2019, this paper uses panel regression, intermediary effect and threshold model to investigate the impact and mechanism of the development of science and technology promotion service industry on the innovation efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China. It is found firstly the development of science and technology extension service industry can not only directly improve the innovation efficiency of the three major eastern urban agglomerations, but also indirectly drive the improvement of regional innovation efficiency by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure; secondly there is regional heterogeneity in the impact of the development of science and technology extension service industry on the innovation efficiency of the three eastern urban agglomerations, which shows that the development of science and technology extension service industry of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations has a significant positive impact on the innovation efficiency, while the development of science and technology extension service industry of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations has no significant impact on the innovation efficiency, and the effect intensity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations is greater than that of Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations; thirdly the development of science and technology extension service industry has a heterogeneous effect on cities with different levels of innovation ability or at different stages of economic development. It is shown that when a region's innovation ability reaches a certain level, the development of science and technology extension service industry will have a positive effect on the improvement of regional innovation efficiency. Moreover the effect of the development of science and technology extension service industry on the improvement of regional innovation efficiency in regions with high economic development level is lower than that in regions with relatively low economic development level.#br#It is suggested to develop science and technology promotion service industry with great efforts, implement differentiated regional innovation and development strategies according to local conditions to comprehensively improve the innovation efficiency of cities and urban agglomerations, as well as promote the deep integration of innovation chain and industry chain and construct a new development pattern with mutual promotion of innovation and industry.#br#

    Ye Tanglin,Li Lu,Wang Xueying. The Influence of Science and Technology Promotion Service Industry on Regional Innovation Efficiency：An Example from the Three Major Eastern Urban Agglomerations[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 41-50., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022030143.

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    • Industrial Technological Progress
  • The Influence of Digital Inclusive Finance on the Innovation Resilience of High-tech Manufacturing Industry: A Test Based on System GMM and Threshold Effects
    Fan Jianhong,Wang Bing,Yan Le,Qu Jiaojiao
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 51-61. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022050276
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    In the face of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) environment, innovation resilience has become an important factor to ensure the development of high-tech manufacturing industry. However, the innovation activities of high-tech manufacturing industry are characterized by high investment, high risk and long cycle. The improvement of its innovation resilience requires the support of financial services. As a useful complement of traditional finance, digital inclusive finance provides a solution to this problem. At present, the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry is barely tapped. In view of this, based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019, the study adopts system GMM and threshold effect model to examine the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry, the threshold effects of consumption upgrading and R&D investment intensity.#br#The results show that digital inclusive finance and its coverage breadth,use depth and digitization level have significant positive influences on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry. Consumption upgrading and R&D investment intensity show a single threshold effect and a double threshold effect respectively in the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry. Further regional heterogeneity research reveals that digital inclusive finance only improves the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry in the central & western regions. Consumption upgrading shows a double threshold effect and a single threshold effect in the eastern region and central & western regions respectively. R&D investment intensity shows a single threshold effect in both the eastern region and central & western regions.#br#According to the conclusions, the paper provides the following suggestions. Firstly, relevant departments should utilize digital technology to empower inclusive finance, thereby to enhance the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry. Relevant departments should utilize digital technology to integrate financial resources and improve the digital inclusive finance and its coverage breadth, use depth an digitalization level. At the same time they should reduce the information asymmetry between financial institutions and high-tech manufacturing industry and promote the integrated development of digital inclusive finance and high-tech manufacturing industry. Secondly, relevant departments should seize the opportunities of consumption upgrading to enhance the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry. On the one hand, relevant departments should utilize digital technology to exploit the financial needs, and provide personalized financial products and services. On the other hand, they should establish an interconnection mechanism to timely transmit information about consumption upgrading to high-tech manufacturing industry, and encourage it to utilize digital inclusive financial resources to exploit high-quality innovative products that meet consumer needs, thereby to enhance innovation resilience. Thirdly, relevant departments should adjust R&D investment appropriately to improve the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry through digital inclusive finance. For provinces whose R&D investment intensitiy has not crossed the first threshold, relevant departments should encourage high-tech manufacturing enterprises to establish technology research centers and innovation incubation centers and so on, and carry out R&D activities and increase R&D investment; while for provinces whose R&D investment intensitiy has crossed the second threshold, relevant departments should guide them to regulate the R&D investment of high-tech manufacturing industry within a reasonable range. In addition, relevant departments of each province should formulate policies according to the local conditions of digital inclusive finance, consumption upgrading and the R&D investment intensity of high-tech manufacturing industry, and improve the innovation resilience of the high-tech manufacturing industry in the eastern and central & western regions.#br#The marginal contributions of the paper include three aspects. Firstly, this study starts from innovation resilience, turns the perspective to a specific industry, and explores the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry. It expands the research of the influence of digital inclusive finance on innovation. Secondly, the study incorporates the consumption upgrading and R&D investment intensity into the research framework, and reveals the threshold effects of the consumption upgrading and R&D investment intensity in the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry. Thirdly, the sample is divided into the eastern and central & western regions to clarify the regional heterogeneity of the influence of digital inclusive finance on the innovation resilience of high-tech manufacturing industry.#br#

    Fan Jianhong,Wang Bing,Yan Le,Qu Jiaojiao. The Influence of Digital Inclusive Finance on the Innovation Resilience of High-tech Manufacturing Industry: A Test Based on System GMM and Threshold Effects[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 51-61., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022050276.

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  • Can the National Manufacturing Innovation Center Boost Advanced Manufacturing：A Quasi-natural Experiment in Hubei Province
    Feng Luanye,Cui Chunying,Zhou Yucen, Xu Xiaolin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 62-71. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.CZ202107380
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    It has long been observed that many manufacturingeconomies run national superiority innovation organizations as a new type of industrial cooperation mode in the world high-end technology competition. In the face of such technological competition in manufacturing, China must also establish its own new vehicles for innovation and participate in the transformation and upgrading of global manufacturing. The Chinese local governments are encouraged to explore the operational experience of these manufacturing innovation centers. As a result, the policy has entered an implementation phase that goes beyond the study of the literature. Although, previous studies have explained similar impacts of innovation policies in a broader context, such as high-tech industries, they have not provided convincing evidence to show this trend. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap by providing empirical evidence from Hubei province.#br#In the effort to meet domestic innovation needs and the global innovation challenges of a new wave of technological advances in manufacturing, the National Innovation Center of Manufacturing Industry (NICMI) was established with the support of Chinese policymakers. It is an attempt to create a new vehicle for innovation in the manufacturing sector. To address the transformation of the manufacturing sector, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has established 14 NICMIs across the mainland of China. To determine the facilitation role of NICMIs, this paper takes Hubei as a sample of treatment effects.#br#To estimate the causal inference of the impact of NICMIs initiation in Hubei, the implementation of NICMIs in 2017 is considered as a quasi-natural experiment. Quarterly inter-provincial panel data from 2016 to 2019 are employed to construct a difference-in-difference (DID) model to identify the promotion effect of NICMIs in the corresponding advanced manufacturing sector. This study takes Hubei province as the treatment group and other provinces without NIMICs as the control group. There are actually two different NIMICs established in Hubei province: the National Innovation Center for Information Optoelectronics and the National Innovation Center for Digital Design and Manufacturing. They cover three manufacturing industries in the advanced manufacturing category as defined by the NIMICs. The specific industries are metal cutting/melting equipment, semiconductor integrated circuits, and communication equipment manufacturing in Hubei. By observing the specific output indicators of the advanced manufacturing industries corresponding to the two NIMICs in Hubei Province and comparing the gap between Hubei Province and the control provinces during the policy window, this paperconcludes an effective average treatment effect (ATE) identification of the output impact of the metal cutting/melting equipment, semiconductor integrated circuit and communication equipment manufacturing industries in Hubei Province during the NIMIC construction period. #br#The results indicate that the establishment of the NICs can expand the output levels of the corresponding advanced manufacturing industries in Hubei Province.Among them, its contribution to the integrated circuit manufacturing industry is the most significant. After controlling for other possible influences, the basic conclusion remains stable. Then, this paper illustrates the parallel trend test and substitution estimation method of PSM-DID to further verify the robustness of the results and reduce the subjective selection bias. The test results of social innovation spending mechanism suggest that the establishment of national innovation centers can promote the orderly expansion of social research investment and bring about the expansive development of related advanced manufacturing industries. Specifically, the outputs of the three corresponding manufacturing industries benefit from the emergence of innovative activities, and the findings are statistically significant.#br#It is found that the capacity expansion of advanced manufacturing industries benefits from the strong radiating and driving effect of local innovation carriers. NIMICs provide a very useful innovation vehicle platform that significantly increases the probability of explosive industrial development in specific innovation areas. Therefore, it requires long-term consideration for policy makers of how to combine the characteristics of NIMICs with the advantages of local advanced manufacturing industries to develop common and key technologies and form the advantages of special industries according to local conditions. NIMICs improve innovation efficiency by revitalizing regional innovation resources. By relying on the technological advantages of existing NIMICs, they form resource aggregation and distribution, and encourage cross-regional collaborative innovation and technology transfer. Based on the national strategic positioning, NIMICs will promote key manufacturing enterprises to improve quality and expand quantity, and become bigger and stronger. These policy recommendations are expected to effectively ensure the continued advancement of the NIMIC industry in the next phase.#br#

    Feng Luanye,Cui Chunying,Zhou Yucen, Xu Xiaolin. Can the National Manufacturing Innovation Center Boost Advanced Manufacturing：A Quasi-natural Experiment in Hubei Province[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 62-71., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.CZ202107380.

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    • Enterprise Innovation Management
  • The Efficiency and Convergence of Technological Innovation in New Energy Enterprises
    Su Yi,Feng Xiaowei,Su Shuai,Liang Dezhi
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 72-82. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050094
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    New energy is an important way to alleviate the consumption of energy resources and environmental pollution. New energy development strategies based on their own resources and national conditions have been formulated by regional and national governments. To give full play to the role of new energy enterprises, it is practical to measure the efficiency of enterprise technology innovation and promote the development of new energy enterprises accordingly. The existing research on technological innovation efficiency is mainly focused on three aspects: research methods, research dimensions and influencing factors. First, there are two main research methods: parametric and nonparametric methods. The representative of parametric approach is the SFA model, and the representative nonparametric approach is the DEA model. Second, the research level is focused on the enterprise, industry and regional levels. Finally, the influencing factors can be divided into endogenous and exogenous factors. The endogenous factors are mainly the company's own characteristics, and the exogenous factors are mainly the external environment in which the company is located. The existing research on the efficiency and convergence of technological innovation is rich, but microscopic research on new energy and high-tech emerging fields needs to be further deepened and the previous evaluation methods should be improved. In addition the mutual influence of technological innovation efficiency at the individual level is worthy of attention. This paper aims to address two basic questions: first, what is the actual level of technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises and its convergence? second, what factors affect the convergence of technological innovation efficiency? The DEA-RAM model and economic convergence theory can meet the needs of this study.#br#This paper selects data from 2014-2018, with 78 new energy listed enterprises were collated as the research sample. Considering that some new energy listed enterprises have missing R&D personnel data in 2014, this paper makes reference to the common method of scholars to infer and interpolate the missing data in 2014.#br#The research results show that, on the whole, the technological innovation efficiency values of 78 new energy enterprises in the past five years are between 0.708 and 1, and the average technological innovation efficiency is 0.819, which means that the technological innovation efficiency level of new energy enterprises in China is not high and there is still much room for improvement. Second, the technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises in 2014 is the highest level in 5 years reaching at 0.844, which may be because new energy enterprises have invested more innovation resources, thus reducing the future profit level. The results of convergence analysis of technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises show that the convergence of technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises in the national and eastern regions is not significant, but there is absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence; the convergence of technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises in the central region is not significant for δ convergence and absolute β convergence, but significant for conditional β convergence; the convergence of new energy enterprises in the western region is not significant for δ, absolute β and conditional β convergence. The convergence of δ, absolute β and conditional β is not significant.#br#Compared with the existing literature, the main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, an improved DEA-RAM model is constructed to avoid setting direction vectors subjectively and make the evaluation results more accurate. Second, the convergence analysis model of technological innovation efficiency based on the individual level rather than the regional level is constructed to expand the scope of convergence research. In the past, the research mainly focused on the convergence of technological innovation efficiency between regions, but few scholars studied the convergence of technological innovation efficiency based on new energy enterprises. As individuals are the basic elements of the region, the analysis of individuals can not only grasp the convergence effect of individual technological innovation, but also explore the convergence of technological innovation at the regional level. Finally, based on the results of technological innovation efficiency measurement and convergence of new energy enterprises, it is suggested to promote the real growth rate of technological innovation efficiency of new energy enterprises from the input-output perspective and the perspective of influencing factors.#br#

    Su Yi,Feng Xiaowei,Su Shuai,Liang Dezhi. The Efficiency and Convergence of Technological Innovation in New Energy Enterprises[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 72-82., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050094.

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  • How Firms Profit from Green Management: The Perspective of Strategic Renewal
    Li Ningjuan,Lai Shuang
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020062
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    Green management is an important consideration for firms to cope with environmental problems concerned by the government and the public. Green management refers to a series of management practices relating to the protection of natural environment and resources, and the improvement of resource and energy consumption effectiveness. Some researchers argue that firms with green management practices might demonstrate high social responsibility and ethic concerns, may gain reputation and image benefits, which results in social and political legitimacy. Managers also expect to improve financial performance through green management. Therefore this article seeks to answer “how and when green management will contribute to firm performance”.#br#There are a few challenges to answer this question. Firstly, the existing research has tested the linkage between green management and performance with no consensus reached. One possible reason may be that some important mediating mechanisms between green management and performance are ignored by most research. Secondly, driven by the government, most Chinese manufacturing enterprises are undergoing rapid green transformation. This specific characteristic leads to prominent problems of conflicting internal tensions between new green management practice and existing organizational strategies for most firms. However, most existing theories of green management are originated from firms of developed countries and may not applicable for Chinese senario characterized by rapid green transformation.#br#This study aims to address the above limitations by examining a moderated mediation model based on the integration ofa resource-based view and strategic renewal literatures. Firstly, it introduces strategic renewal into the model as a key mediating variable between green management. Strategic renewal entails firms to fundamentally alter their path dependence by transforming business models, strategies, and structures. Evidences show that large firms rely on strategic renewal to reconcile the conflicting forces for change and stability. Also, strategic renewal represents internal activities that can serve to redirect enterprise strategy, which allows the enterprise to capture new product-market opportunities, and adapt to dynamic market environments. Accordingly, it’s argued that strategic renewal is a tool for firms to reconcile the conflicting forces between green management and existing organizational strategies, and also acts as a conduit for firms to be aligned with external environment. Secondly, competitive intensity reflects the competition level among firms. It has been argued that a firm’s benefits from green management practices may be influenced by the behaviors of its customers and competitors. So the effectiveness of strategic renewal on firm performance, and the mediating role of strategic renewal in green management may be contingent on competitive intensity.#br#Related hypotheses are tested with hierarchical regression and bootstrap methods based on survey data of 288 enterprises.Empirical results show that(1) green management exerts a positive influence on firm performance; (2) strategic renewal is positively associated with firm performance; (3) strategic renewal fully mediates the relationship between green management and firm performance; (4) competitive intensity enhances the relationship between strategic renewal and performance, and positively moderates the indirect effect of green management on performance via strategic renewal. #br#The findings of this study make at least three contributions to the literature. First,this study contributes to green management literatures by highlighting the mediating mechanism of strategic renewal between green management and firm performance, and it is the first attempt to resolve the internal conflicting forces between new green management practice and existing organizational strategies. Second, empirical results involving the moderated mediation effects of competitive intensity contributes to the understanding of when firms can benefit more from green management via the mediating role of strategic renewal. Third, the study extends strategic renewal perspectives to the green transformation context by introducing strategic renewal to the theoretical model. Compared to with traditional arguments based on a resource-based view or institutional theory, this effort represents a complementary perspective to examine the path mechanisms by which green management influences performance. #br#At last, practical implications are proposed. First, firms should be confident of green management, because empirical results confirm the positive relationship between green management and firm performance.Second, it is better to initiate strategic renewal when firms engage in green management practices, because strategic renewal can function as a key conduit to transform green management into firm performance, and the mediating effect of strategic renewal is even more evident in more competitive markets.#br#

    Li Ningjuan,Lai Shuang. How Firms Profit from Green Management: The Perspective of Strategic Renewal[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 83-92., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020062.

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  • The Collaborative Driving Path of Innovation Performance Factors in Chinese context
    Feng Lijie,Min Qinghua,Wang Jinfeng,Zhang Ke
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 93-102. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040699
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    Coupled with the adverse impact on the global economy caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, the international environment has been increasingly complex and competitive. In the long run, the lack of core technology hinders the innovation in China. Only by stimulating the technological innovation vitality of enterprises can we effectively promote the development strategy of strengthening China through science and technology. The first priority for enterprises to take the initiative in the market competition is to keenly perceive and accurately grasp the environmental changes, keep focused on the core factors affecting enterprise innovation, so that they make full use of their own resource advantages, break through the shackles of internal and external constraints to make innovations timely.#br#Combing the system based theory, knowledge-based theory, dynamic capability theory and relevant research results, this study confirms that external context variables must go through a complex and hidden heterogeneous internalization process before they can directly act on the internal behavior of the organization. Therefore, enterprise innovation is often affected by multiple external factors such as the system and market, and its own dynamic absorptive capacity, resource base and other internal factors. However, when exploring the unique innovation problems of Chinese enterprises, the existing literature has centered around the independent influence effect of each factor on innovation performance from a single theoretical perspective, mostly focusing on the analysis of the influence mechanism of a single factor on innovation performance or the adjustment and intermediary role of a variable. The mechanism of collaborative interaction of heterogeneous knowledge sources and absorptive capacity and other factors affecting innovation is rarely involved, and few scholars explore the operation path and paradigm of local innovation in line with China's situation.#br#Therefore relying on the system based theory, the knowledge-based theory and the dynamic capability theory, this study takes 143 enterprises as samples, and selects six types of subdivided antecedent variables, including the formal system environment, the informal system environment, the internal knowledge heterogeneity, the external knowledge heterogeneity, the potential absorptive capacity and the actual absorptive capacity, and selects the innovation performance as the outcome variable. The qualitative comparative analysis methods of fuzzy sets (fsQCA method) is used to conduct an in-depth study on the factor collaborative driving path of enterprise innovation performance, and systematically study the influence path and mechanism of different dimension coupling configuration of institutional environment, heterogeneous knowledge source and absorptive capacity on innovation performance.#br#It is found that firstly there are three high innovation performance driving paths, namely, the exploratory innovation driving path relying on external knowledge absorption capacity under the leadership of the government, the exploratory innovation driving path relying on external knowledge absorption capacity under the leadership of the relationship, and the utilization innovation driving path relying on internal knowledge absorption capacity. Secondly there is substitution or complementarity between internal components of different paths. Comparing paths H1 and H2, it is found that there is strong complementarity between external heterogeneous knowledge and absorptive capacity, and there is substitution between formal institutional environment and informal institutional environment. Comparing paths H2 and H3, it is found that the two dimensions involved in heterogeneous knowledge sources have substitution relationships. Thirdly there is the equivalence in the action mechanism of innovation driving factors on the improvement of innovation performance, that is, there are many combinations that can produce high innovation performance in the institutional environment, heterogeneous knowledge sources and absorptive capacity.#br#The research results of this paper have strong applicability and exploration values. The research conclusion is helpful for an integrated analysis of the development path of high innovation performance of enterprises, and it greatly expands the characteristic theory and practice research system of enterprise innovation in the Chinese context, and provides more practical theoretical reference and constructive guidance for enterprise innovation strategic decision-making. On the one hand, this paper confirms the strategic support effect of internal and external factors on enterprise innovation performance. Enterprises should consider the coupling and matching relationship between their own internal resources and the concrete innovation environment based on the Chinese situation,deploy heterogeneous knowledge acquisition networks and choose innovation paths accordingly. On the other hand, this paper responds to the fundamental significance of strengthening institutional confidence based on local innovation practice.#br#The method of QCA has the limitation on the number of antecedent conditions, so this study divides the institutional environment into formal and informal institutional environments. To enhance the theoretical and practical value of the research conclusions, the institutional environment can be subdivided into more dimensions such as cognition, regulation and norms. Moreover other quantitative research methods are expected tocombine with the QCA method to further enrich the research on the collaborative driving path of innovation performance factors in the Chinese context.#br#

    Feng Lijie,Min Qinghua,Wang Jinfeng,Zhang Ke. The Collaborative Driving Path of Innovation Performance Factors in Chinese context[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 93-102., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040699.

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  • Technology Exploration of Cross-border CVC: Dual Disadvantages and Investment Strategy
    Zha Jun,Xu Wanyu
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 103-113. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040121
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    In recent years, developed countries have imposed a series of restrictions on Chinese enterprises in the cutting-edge technology field, setting new challenges to national technological security and social-economic stability. As a result, the Chinese government emphasizes independent research and development in significant technical areas and attaches importance to global cooperation and overseas technology exploration.#br#Cross-border corporate venture capital (hereafter Cross-border CVC) refers to venture capital activities initiated by an incumbent enterprise to overseas entrepreneurial enterprises. It is of great value to incumbent companies' innovation vitality, organizational resilience, and international competitiveness. Compared with traditional cross-border investment activities that target resource competition, scale expansion, and financial returns, cross-border CVCs face the “dual liability of foreignness”, which are "institutional liability of foreignness" due to the externality of foreign local network and unfamiliarity of foreign institutional environment and "technical liability of foreignness" caused by technologies gaps between investors and investees. This dramatically increases the difficulty and risk of cross-border CVC activities in selecting investment targets, project coordination, and pro-investment management. But little attention has been paid to the difficulties and challenges of CVC, especially cross-border CVC activities; the "black box" of cross-border CVC activities has not been opened.#br#This paper takes the cross-border CVC activities of four technology-based enterprises-Intel, Alphabet, Lenovo, and Baidu-as analysis examples and see their investing pattern covering CVC unit set-up, joint investment partners, technology fields selection, investment stage, and information disclosure. Based on real options (RO) theory, this study deconstructs the decision-making process of cross-border CVC activities into three phases: the design of RO executor, the layout of RO, and the holding of RO. #br#In designing the RO executor-CVC unit, the cross-border CVC usually faces significant information asymmetry in knowing institutional and technological environments. To reduce the disadvantage of low identity legitimacy and high technological gap, it is more suitable to have strong control upon the CVC unit at the early period and then promote the flexibility and autonomy of the CVC unit with the development of cross-border CVC. Besides, the joint investment strategy could also contribute to eliminating information asymmetry. More specifically, in the fields with technological advantages, cross-border CVC should avoid co-investments with domestic CVC, and collaborate with independent VC and GVC; whereas in the areas with technological unfamiliarity, cross-border CVC should collaborate with leading domestic CVC to improve the investing success chances. #br#In the second phase, to reduce the information and knowledge search cost and difficulties, firms could make complementary strategies in the selection of technology, region, and stages. First, cross-border CVC should focus more on familiar technological areas or organization urgent needs. With CVC experience accumulated, the investing technological portfolio could become more diversified. Second, cross-border CVC should concentrate more upon countries with outstanding innovation accumulation and environments and pay attention to the unique technologies of other countries. Third, as for the investment stages, firms need to consider both the A-and B-investment rounds to balance the exclusive ownership benefit and risk of new technology. #br#In the last phase, as for the problem of discrimination of home country and knowledge power gap, it is better to disclose information of cross-border CVC during the early stage but blur the detailed investment information like amount and equities. However, publicizing more investment detail in later stage of cross-border CVC contributes to the increase of market valuation of entrepreneurship firms and novel technology.#br#The paper makes several theoretical contributions. First, the “liability of technology” is introduced into the concept of “liability of foreignness”, enriching the former institutional dimension of “liability of foreignness”. In cross-border CVC activities, firms not only need to face the “liability of institutional foreignness”, but also the “liability of technological foreignness”. Second, based on the perspective of real options, this study analyzes how cross-border CVCs deal with " liability of foreignness". It focuses on how companies use and achieve the real option value of cross-border CVC and resolve the institutional and technical disadvantages they face, explores and expands the application scenarios of real options theory in the context of cross-border CVC. What’s more, this study expands the application scenarios of real options theory, opens the "black box" of the investment process of cross-border CVC for technology-based companies, and provides Chinese companies with a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the planning and implementation of cross-border CVC strategies .#br#

    Zha Jun,Xu Wanyu. Technology Exploration of Cross-border CVC: Dual Disadvantages and Investment Strategy[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 103-113., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040121.

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    • Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
  • On the Institutional Design of Patent Protection in Internet Plus Business Model
    Yao Shunyu
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 114-122. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030774
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    In the context of the rapid development of the internet plus economy and the deep integration of online and offline economies, the traditional business model has been integrated and remodeled in the process of extending to the Internet field, taking demand as the orientation and combining with specific network technologies. And with the rise of the internet plus economy, it has been widely accepted. The Internet plus business model is characterized by breaking the industrial barriers and the boundaries between production and consumption. It is highly dynamic and flexible. With the Internet as the medium, it organically integrates business elements and has been evolved into an enterprise model. The key factors of competition among enterprises provide continuous power for the continuous operation of enterprises, enabling them to gain greater competitive advantages in the era of digital economy. The internet plus business model has extremely high value, and it is necessary to provide legal protection for it. On December 31, 2019, the State Intellectual Property Office revised the "Patent Examination Guidelines" to apply for patent applications such as business rules and methods involving artificial intelligence, Internet plus, big data, and new fields of business such as blockchain. The special review rules make relevant provisions. The protection of the Internet plus business model is not only theoretical, but also feasible in reality.#br#On this basis, this paper discusses the legal protection model of the Internet plus business model, and responds to the dispute over whether the business model is patentable by summarizing existing research and sorting out domestic and foreign legislation. From the perspective of both overall static and dynamic observation, and on the basis of the design concept centered on conflict of interest, measurement and selection, this paper fully expounds and reinterprets the existing system to improve the existing system framework, and proposes a supplementary system. It is suggested to design the Internet plus business model from three three aspects: in the overall institutional structure, the combination of legal provisions and policy tools should be emphasized;at the macro level, it is essential to coordinate the relationship between the overall market and the local market; while at the micro level, it is vital to balance the stability and development of the business model concept itself.#br#The conclusion of the article is that China’s Internet plus business model should be systematically designed according to the following ideas. First, the design of the patent protection system of China's Internet plus business model should adhere to the combination of static and dynamic observation perspective, while the conflict of interests, measurement and selection are taken as the core design concept. The overall institutional framework is dominated by patent laws, supplemented by policy documents. Secondly, the core protection system is the design of the patent examination standard for the Internet plus business model, and the patent creativity examination standard of "wide entry and strict exit" has been established. Thirdly, an auxiliary protection system is proposed: the special protection system in which short-term patent system and other special measures can be introduced here. Finally, the training mechanism for establishing the Internet plus business model patent talent system is constructed, as well as other mechanisms such as exploring the international cooperation mechanism for patent protection of the Internet plus business model.#br#In summary, this study makes the following innovation. First, it proposes the combination of policy tools and legal provisions, the coordination between the overall market and the local market, and the balance between the stability and development of the business model concept itself. The logical basis of the institutional design of the business model is analyzed. Second, it re-interpretes the relevant content of the Internet plus business model in the 2019 "Patent Examination Guidelines" after special revisions for artificial intelligence, internet plus, big data and blockchain. Third, the patent examination standards of the Internet plus business model, especially the creativity standards, have been designed with deep analysis.#br#

    Yao Shunyu. On the Institutional Design of Patent Protection in Internet Plus Business Model[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 114-122., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030774.

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  • Cultivating Data Factor Market: Legal Dilemmas, Foreign Experiences and Chinese Countermeasures
    Zhao Xin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 123-131. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020515
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    With the development of algorithms and computing power, the mass available data continues to play a role in improving productivity. This paper gives answers to question of how data become the new factor of production and analyze the theoretical and practical basis of data as a new factor of production, and then explores the legal issues related to data ownership, data trading rules and data market supervision. These three aspects are closely related to the cultivation of data market. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these legal problems and their solutions in Europe and the United States, and finally put forward the strategies and methods to deal with the failure of data market and cultivate China′s data market. To be specific, data market cultivation is faced with three problems. The first is the problem of property right system of data. The uncertainty of the ownership of personal and non-personal data hinders the development and utilization of data, making the data trading inefficient. The second is the problem of data market trading rules, which is manifested as the single function of data trading platform and the homogeneity of data products, making trading outside the platform a prevalence. In addition, there are various classification standards of data products, and unified data product pricing standards are missing, which makes it impossible to form a unified data market. The third is the problem of data market regulation. Data unfair competition and data monopoly damage the legitimate rights and interests of data consumers and data enterprises, and disturb the order of the data market.#br#To solve these problems, this paper adopts the comparative research method. Through the analysis of the European Union and the United States' solutions and methods,it tries to find the experience that can be used for reference for the cultivation of China′s data market. As for the problem of property right system of data, there are debates on if data belongs to property, and some ideas such as individuals can own property right, quasi-property right or the right control over data can be strengthened. As for the problem of data market trading rules, whether personal data can be traded as property right involves the contradiction between personal privacy protection and data collection and use. It should be from the perspective of balancing privacy security and economic efficiency to answer and analyze whether personal data can be traded as property right. Making data a property right does not mean an absolute freedom of contract in data transaction. Personal data transaction should still be restricted by general contract rules and court discretion, and how to strengthen personal data control in enterprise data transfer and sharing should be explored based on sound technical infrastructure and regulatory framework. As for the problem of data market regulation, the United States adopts the methods of data antitrust and consumer data privacy protection. On the basis of strengthening personal data rights, the EU gives the digital gatekeeper prior obligations related to antitrust, consumer protection and privacy protection and other basic rights.#br#It is concluded that in order to cultivate China′s data market, it is necessary to innovate the regulatory rules of China′s data market based on absorbing foreign experience.As for the regulatory rules, the first is to establish a data property right system of integrating "data producer (extended rights) and data processor (limited property rights)", i.e., to establish the basic principle of "who produces, who owns" in data property rights. On this basis, the corresponding property rights are allocated to the data processor, taking into account the non property rights and property rights of the original data producer. The second is to improve the trading rules of data factor market with the idea of "reducing institutional cost—reducing transaction cost", which means to guide the comprehensive pilot by industrial policy so as to optimize the structure of data trading platforms, reduce transaction cost by scientific and reasonable standard of data product classification, clarify data pricing rules and pricing elements, and strengthen the price management and supervision of data elements. The third is to improve the legal system of data factor market′s supervision by combining pre-prevention and post-regulation. In order to prevent possible data anti-competitive and monopolistic behaviors, the main content of pre-prevention is classified management, subdivision of actors′ responsibilities and prior declaration. Post-regulation mainly includes the penalties for abuse of market dominance, unfair competition and other administrative or criminal penalties, and it should be specified only after the revision and improvement of relevant laws, so as to jointly promote the healthy and orderly development of data market by combining with the pre-prevention.#br#

    Zhao Xin. Cultivating Data Factor Market: Legal Dilemmas, Foreign Experiences and Chinese Countermeasures[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 123-131., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020515.

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    • Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
  • Influence of Leader-employees Goal Orientation Fit on Employees′ Bootleg Innovation and Innovation Performance
    Ma Yueru,Liang Jingxin,Guo Xiaowen
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 132-141. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030855
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    Under the background of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the new development pattern of "great cycle" in China, it is particularly urgent for China to accelerate scientific and technological innovation. In innovation practice, it is common for organizations to take various measures to stimulate employees′ innovation motivation, but this will cost enterprises′ more internal resources with greater innovation risks, which makes innovation practice fall into a paradoxical dilemma. In order to get rid of the constraints of resources and risks, employees will independently take bootleg innovation and continue to practice innovation practices. There are few previous papers on how the fit of leader-employees′ goal orientation affects employees' innovation performance. The reasons may be as follows. First, both leader goal orientation and employee goal orientation are the "wind vane" of employee role behavior, and have a profound impact on their innovation performance. However, previous papers mainly focused on leaders or employees from a single perspective, and rarely considered the effect of goal orientation fit between leaders and employees, failing to reveal the full picture of the relationship between goal orientation and innovation performance. Second, goal orientation is divided into learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation. Therefore, there are different combinations of goal orientation fit between leaders and employees, and they may have differentiated effects on employees′ innovation performance. Third, there may be complex influence paths between goal orientation and innovation performance, and different paths may have completely different effects. Condsidering the above three reasons, this paper intends to use the Person-environment fit theory and the similar-attraction theory to reveal the overall picture of the relationship between leader-employees goal orientation fit and employees′ innovation performance.#br#In this paper, 7 technology-based enterprises in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region involved in Internet services, environmental protection management, lithium battery manufacturing and other fields are selected as research samples by questionnaire survey. Based on 493 leader-employees fit questionnaires, this paper uses the polynomial regression and response surface methodology to explore the influence mechanism of four different types of goal orientation fit patterns on employees′ bootleg innovation and innovation performance.#br#There are mainly four main conclusions. First, leader-employee goal orientation consistency fit positively influences employee bootleg innovation. Compared with leader-employee goal orientation difference fit, leader-employee goal orientation consistency fit has a stronger impact on employees' bootleg innovation. This conclusion shows that the goal orientation consistency fit between leaders and employees is more conducive to employees′ bootleg innovation, which is consistent with the core view of the similar-attraction theory. Second, in the case of leader-employee goal orientation consistency fit, compared with leader-employees performance goal orientation, leader-employee learning goal orientation has a stronger impact on employees′ bootleg innovation. The conclusion shows that in the case of personal and environment fit, employees with learning goal orientation can fully mobilize subjective initiative to carry out bootleg innovation, while employees with performance goal are driven by achievement motivation to avoid negative evaluation, which limits the motivation to carry out bootleg innovation. Third, in the case of leader-employees goal orientation difference fit, compared with leader-employees learning goal orientation, leader-employee learning goal orientation has a stronger impact on employees′ bootleg innovation. The conclusion shows that personal goal orientation has a more direct impact on personal strategy and behavior, and compared with leader learning goal orientation, employees learning goal orientation is more conducive to their bootleg innovation. Fourth, bootleg innovation plays a mediating role between leader-employees goal orientation fit and employee innovation performance. The mediating effect of the fit of leader learning goal orientation and employee learning goal orientation on innovation performance through bootleg innovation is the strongest. This conclusion is helpful to clarify the role of four different types of goal orientation fit patterns between leaders and employees on employee innovation performance through employee bootleg innovation and provide theoretical support for organizations to specifically cultivate leader-employees learning goal orientation fit and implement positive management strategies.#br#

    Ma Yueru,Liang Jingxin,Guo Xiaowen. Influence of Leader-employees Goal Orientation Fit on Employees′ Bootleg Innovation and Innovation Performance[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 132-141., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030855.

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  • The Impact of Innovation Support on the Innovation Behavior of Overseas Talents in China：The Mediating Effect of Innovation Network Embeddedness
    Li Yongzhou,Zhang Honghao,Zhu Yinghuan,Li Jingzhi
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 142-151. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021060455
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    With the advent of the era of digital economy, intelligent manufacturing economy and the fourth industrial revolution, there comes the unprecedented intensive and active innovation. Since the market has been in a state of failure in the allocation of innovative resources, the human resource development model of enterprises within organizational boundaries is more and more difficult to meet the needs of high-end talents. The network embeddedness developed from social network theory has become an emerging theoretical paradigm for studying organization and talent innovation. Both individuals and enterprises are embedded in various social networks with which they are connected. The innovation network is a complex network formed by different innovation subjects, and there might be potential key resources that can meet the needs of individual innovation. The heterogeneity of overseas talents determines that their embeddedness development has the duality of organizational embeddedness and network embeddedness. As the leading and primary resources of innovative enterprise, overseas talents are thirst for innovative environment, resources and opportunities，so they expect to transcend organizational boundaries and embed in innovation networks.#br#Previous studies have shown that scholars regard enterprises and organizations as independent innovation subjects in the innovation network, and pay more attention to the innovation network embeddedness of innovative organizations (or enterprises), while there are few studies that analyze network embeddness from an individual perspective. The role, motivation and behavior of overseas talents in the process of innovation are not only influenced by their own factors, but also by the macro-level of regional networks, but the conclusion is short of effective empirical research. On the basis of social network and network embeddedness theory, this study constructs a theoretical relationship model of innovation supports perception, network embeddedness and innovation behavior, and focuses on analyzing the impact of the two types of embeddedness at the regional level and the two types of support intensity perceived by individuals on the innovation behavior of overseas talents. It carries out the empirical analysis with SPSS & AMOS to explore the impact of perception of innovation support on the innovation behavior of overseas talents, and the mediating effect of innovation network embeddednes.#br#This study mainly collects data by questionnaire survey, and selects well-developed national high-tech development zones, economic and technological development zones, technology business incubators and overseas students pioneer parks as typical innovation networks throughout the country for investigation. It builds a structural equation model and uses the path coefficient product term method to test the double mediating effect, and then it constructs three models without mediating variables including the innovation support perception and network embeddedness, the innovation support perception and innovation behavior, and the network embeddedness and innovation behavior. On this basis, a two-factor non-causal mediation model with two independent variables is constructed, and the Bootstrap method is used to test the mediation effect.#br#Through the analysis of 315 samples from innovation networks such as high-tech zones and overseas students pioneer parks across the country, the study finds that emotional innovation support has a significant positive impact on the innovation behavior of overseas talents, but instrumental innovation support shows a trend of homogeneity. The perception of instrumental innovation support and emotional innovation support can promote the relational and structural embeddedness of the innovation network of overseas talents. The structural embeddedness has a positive effect on innovation behavior, and structural embeddedness plays a partial mediating role between emotional innovation support perception and innovative behavior, but the relational embedding has no effects on neither innovation behavior nor the perception of emotional innovation support and innovative behavior.#br#From the perspective of innovation network embeddedness, the study finds that emotional support has an inhibitory effect on instrumental support, and overseas talents have more advantages in structural embeddedness, but there are deficiencies in relational embeddedness. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the ability of overseas talents to acquire network resources; reducing the cost of relationship connection, optimize the innovation ecology of talents and enhance the sense of network identity. The findings complement the existing related theoretical research and policies, and provide the theoretical support for enhancing the innovation capabilities of regional strategic emerging industries.#br#

    Li Yongzhou,Zhang Honghao,Zhu Yinghuan,Li Jingzhi. The Impact of Innovation Support on the Innovation Behavior of Overseas Talents in China：The Mediating Effect of Innovation Network Embeddedness[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 142-151., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021060455.

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  • New Firm Creation: Review, Progress and Prospects
    Feng Xiao,Li Fuwei,Li Huihui
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(17): 152-160. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100627
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    New firm creation has always been the core issue of entrepreneurship research, and the relevant research results continuously contribute important academic inspiration and theoretical support to entrepreneurship research, strategic management, organizational behavior, and other research fields. The early studies on the new firm creation were based on the front end of firm's life cycle, and constantly extended to the persons, and things related to the establishment of enterprises, thus extensively exploring the formation mechanism and development path of new firm creation. Most researchers agree and encourage the complexity and dynamics of the process of new firm creation. However, most of the early literature reviews focused on the introduction of basic concepts and model summary of new firm creation, which were unable to explain the recent development and evolution of new firm creation research. In recent years, some researchers review on the progress of entrepreneurship research and add more cutting-edge academic insights to the research on new firm creation. However, these studies focus more on describing the overall development of the field of entrepreneurship, and lack the systematic review of the research on new firm creation. In addition, scholars' understanding of the scope and depth of the process of new firm creation is not completely consistent, leading to the disunity of existing research topics on new firm creation, and the understanding of some core concepts is also controversial. Under such a background, some important issues need to be solved. For example, what logics or clues the research on new firm creation have been evolving over the decades? What research topics are discussed under the guidance of these clues? What theoretical progress has been made on these research topics in recent years? What other theoretical gaps may exist in the future research on new firm creation in the context of dramatic changes? And what aspects can be addressed and developed for these theoretical gaps?#br#Focusing on the above issues, this paper firstly summarizes and extracts two leading logics from the research evolution process as the foundation for the follow-up analysis, namely the "factor-behavior logic" and the "behavior rules/patterns of new firm creation". Secondly, under the guidance of the two leading logics, the latest studies of new firm creation are systematically reviewed, and nine core themes are extracted through the literature coding method. Specifically, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial teams, entrepreneurial cognition, entrepreneurial networks, new firm creation strategies, new firm creation activities and progress, new firm legitimacy, founder exit and external enablement are included. Then, this paper expounds the theoretical evolution of eachtheme under the two main research logics. Finally, the paper puts forward the potential development direction of new firm creation research in the future under the guidance of the two research logics.#br#Three main research contributions are made. Firstly, two research logics are extracted from the evolution of new firm creation research, which provide clues and starting points for integrating the scattered academic viewpoints in the research of new firm creation, framing the research boundary of new firm creation, and developing the new theory more widely. Secondly, the nine researchthemes identified based on the coding complete some areas neglected by the existing literature, such as external enablement, so that the academic focus and key issues in the field of new firm creation can be comprehensively and systematically presented. Thirdly, by comparing and summarizing the previous theoretical accumulation and the latest research progress of each research theme, this paper identifies the emerging changes of each core research topic, and they could help researchers to find out the shifting path, direction, and law of the field in recent years. More importantly, it provides an academic basis for better integrating the research on new firm creation with other cross-research perspectives and analyzing the emerging complex entrepreneurial phenomenon. In the future research work, it may form a meaningful supplement and extension to the research logic of "factor behavior performance" by considering the intersection and integration of various research topics and the possible nonlinear impact of the dynamic evolution of various factors on the formation of new enterprises. Future research can also continue to advance in the direction of enterprise creation timing, priority and rhythm.#br#

    Feng Xiao,Li Fuwei,Li Huihui. New Firm Creation: Review, Progress and Prospects[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(17): 152-160., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100627.

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