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10 July 2022, Volume 39 Issue 13
    

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    Innovation in Science and Technology Management
  • The Impact of FDI on China' s Technology Innovation and High-quality Economic Development with the Constraints of Environmental Regulation: A Mechanism Test Based on the Mediation Effect and the Threshhold Effect
    Zou Zhiming,Chen Xun
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080084
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    The increasingly serious problems of resource waste and environmental pollution have seriously affected the sustainable and green development of the economy. It is urgent to transform the high energy-consuming economic development model to a total factor productivity (TFP) growth model that relies on technological progress, innovate economic development methods to achieve high-quality economic development. Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the changes in the domestic and international environment, China's economy is facing enormous difficulties and challenges. Utilizing foreign capital is an important means for China to open up to the outside world at a higher level, and it is an important part of building a new system of a higher-level open economy. Therefore, it is vital to use foreign capital properly so as to promote high-quality economic development and modernization.#br#Then, in the process of promoting "higher level opening up", it is urgernt to find out how to better introduce and make good use of foreign direct investment(FDI), especially high-quality foreign capital, so as to promote innovation and development. Under the current environmental policy, will FDI have serious adverse consequences for China's environment? Is FDI conducive to technological innovation and high-quality economic development? Does environmental regulation have a positive screening function for FDI? What is the mechanism behind FDI's impact on high-quality economic development? How to make better use of FDI to boost high-quality economic development? The answers to these questions are significant to promoting the high-quality development.#br#Throughout the existing literature, the research on FDI, technological innovation and high-quality economic development has not yet been included in the unified framework for in-depth discussion, and there is a lack of discussion on the impact mechanism and analysis of the possible reasons behind the mechanism.Therefore, on the basis of fully learning from the existing literature, this paper uses the methods such as the intermediary effect and threshold effect to empirically analyze the impact of FDI on China's technological innovation and high-quality economic development and its mechanism with provincial panel data of China from 2003 to 2019. It is found that with the constraints of environmental regulation, a significant role in promoting technological innovation and its spillover effect are obvious; FDI can improve the quality of China's economic development with the constraints of environmental regulation. At present, environmental regulation has an "innovative compensation" effect in China, and the interaction of FDI and environmental regulation has significantly promoted the improvement of the quality of economic development, and environmental regulation has a certain screening effect on FDI. After overcoming endogenity, the core conclusions of the impact of FDI, environmental regulation and their interactions on high-quality economic development still holds, and there are regional and temporal heterogeneity characteristics. The results of the intermediary effect test show that FDI will affect quality development of the economy through technology innovation. In general, FDI has a negative impact on the quality of economic development through the intermediary approach of technological innovation, which is inconsistent with the theoretical expectation. Further analysis finds that the impact of technological innovation and FDI on the quality of economic development has a significant threshold effect, which shows that the impact on the quality of economic development is different within the range of different technological innovation levels. Both technological innovation and environmental regulations must reach certain threshold conditions to promote high-quality economic development.#br#According to the above research conclusions, this paper has the following policy implications. Firstly it is necessary to effectively exert the negative force of environmental regulation and promote high-quality economic development in an efficient and reasonable manner. Secondly all regions should consider its absorptive capacity when introducing FDI. Meanwhile different industries and regions should reasonably introduce the scale of foreign investment and pay attention to the quality of FDI. Thirdly, to better exert the positive technological spillover effect of FDI, it’s essential to consider the different levels of technological innovation in each region according to the different intermediary transmission channels of FDI’s impact on the quality of economic development, and rationally formulate differentiated policies at different stages of development. Therefore, the government should implement reasonable environmental regulation standards according to regional conditions, achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development, and promote technological innovation and development of enterprises through measures,such as improving the environment for scientific and technological innovation and providing more training opportunities.#br#

    Zou Zhiming,Chen Xun. The Impact of FDI on China' s Technology Innovation and High-quality Economic Development with the Constraints of Environmental Regulation: A Mechanism Test Based on the Mediation Effect and the Threshhold Effect[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 1-11., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021080084.

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  • How Does the Configuration of Institutional Environment and Entrepreneurial Cognition Drive Entrepreneurship in Different Models
    Chen Chengmeng,Huang Yongchun,Wu Shangshuo,Hu Shiliang
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 12-20. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100587
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    Innovation and entrepreneurship are important driving forces to promote China's high-quality economic development. Facing the complex and turbulent international environment, especially the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, China must continue to promote "mass entrepreneurship and innovation". Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship has the potential to promote economic development and create new jobs, and it is conducive for transformation from an efficiency-driven economy to an innovation-driven economy. Existing studies mostly focus on the influence of psychological cognition or institutional environment on entrepreneurship, but ignore the concurrent influence of institutional environment and entrepreneurial cognition, as well as the heterogeneity of different entrepreneurial models. Therefore, based on the configuration perspective, this paper studies the concurrent influence of institutional environment and entrepreneurial cognition on different entrepreneurial models, which helps to promote the evolution from necessity-driven entrepreneurship to opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and deepen the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" strategy.#br#Based on the neo-institutional theory and entrepreneurial cognition theory, this paper integrates the antecedent conditions in the institutional environment of regulatory, cognitive and normative level, and the antecedent conditions of the entrepreneurial cognition of capability perception, opportunity identification and fear of failure. Taking 51 countries of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database as research samples, this paper makes the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the multiple concurrent conditions and complex causal mechanisms affecting different entrepreneurial models, the differences of entrepreneurial models among different economies and the evolution paths of entrepreneurial models. #br#The results show that the driving mechanism of necessity-driven entrepreneurship can be divided into 3 categories, including the capability-driven type with lack of institutional environment, the opportunity-identification type led by normative institution and the risk-taking type with lack of institutional environment. The driving mechanism of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship can be divided into 4 categories, including the entrepreneurial cognition type with lack of normative institution, the opportunity-identification type guided by normative institution, the entrepreneurial cognition type supported by cognitive institution and the capability-opportunity type guaranteed by regulatory institution. Opportunity identification is the key condition to drive opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. There are substitution effects among regulatory, cognitive and normative institutions, which can promote people with high opportunity identification to engage in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Factor-driven economies are mainly necessity-driven entrepreneurship, and some of them promote opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Efficiency-driven economies develop both necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, while innovation-driven economies attach great importance to opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. On this basis, the framework of “path selection—model evolution—economy transformation” is constructed to promote the evolution from necessity-driven entrepreneurship to opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and the transformation into innovation-driven economies.#br#This paper makes theoretical contributions as follows. Firstly, this paper integrates the neo-institutional theory and entrepreneurial cognition theory to explore the multiple concurrent conditions and complex causal mechanisms affecting different entrepreneurial models from a configuration perspective,and highlights the integration, relevance and systematization of the driving conditions of entrepreneurial model. Secondly, based on a sample of 51 countries from the GEM database, the study improves the reliability and generality of the findings with broader scope, and enhance our understandings of global opportunity-driven and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Finally, the paper constructs the framework of “path selection—model evolution—economy transformation” to provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the evolution from necessity-driven entrepreneurship to opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and economic transformation and upgrading. It is suggested for individuals, they should improve opportunity identification, capability perception and reduce fear of failure to exert the synergistic and complementary effects of entrepreneurial cognition, thereby promoting opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. The policymakers should emphasize the linkage between opportunity identification and institutional environment, the substitution effects among between institutional environment and continuously improve the institutional environment so as to promote people with high opportunity identification to pursue opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.#br#

    Chen Chengmeng,Huang Yongchun,Wu Shangshuo,Hu Shiliang. How Does the Configuration of Institutional Environment and Entrepreneurial Cognition Drive Entrepreneurship in Different Models[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 12-20., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021100587.

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  • Common Institutional Ownership and Enterprise Innovation:from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance and Information Sharing
    Zeng Chunhua,Lin Yifeng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020480
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    Innovation is not only an important source of promoting economic transformation and economic growth, but also a key source of building a company's core competitiveness and long-term driving force.The 14th Five-Year Plan and the outline of the long-term goals for 2035 clearly propose to enhance the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises, strengthen the main position of enterprises in innovation, and promote the aggregation of various innovation elements to enterprises.However, innovation means high investment, high risk, long cycle and positive externalities, which implies that executives would take greater career risks when making innovation decisions.In order to avoid occupational risks, they are less motivated to spark innovation At the same time, the problem of information asymmetry may lead to potential moral hazard, resulting in serious financing constraints for corporate innovation activities.Institutional investors hold the equity of multiple companies in the same industry at the same time, that is, common institutional ownership.As an informal system, it has become a common phenomenon in the capital market.The proportion of listed companies in the United States establishing connections through common institutional ownership was increased from less than 10% in 1980 to 60% in 2014.Since the CSRC put forward the slogan of extraordinarily developing institutional investors, the proportion of listed companies with common institutional ownership in China has shown a gradual growth trend in the past 10 years and increased to about 12% in 2020.Common institutional investors have held an average shareholding of about 22% over the past 10 years, reaching a level where they can exert significant influence over companies.#br#An industry hub for competing companies to build economic connections,common institutional ownership can form a strong information network advantage and resource integration capability in the management and governance of multiple companies in the same industry, which may have an important impact on corporate innovation.Based on this, this paper takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 as an example, and focuses on the impact and mechanism of common institutional ownership on corporate innovation，and examines whether this impact is different due to the different marketization process and industry competition.#br#The study finds that common institutional ownership can promote enterprise innovation, and the higher the degree of connection and shareholding ratio, the more conducive to promoting enterprise innovation, and the channels for common institutional ownership to promote enterprise innovation include the play of synergistic governance effects and information sharing effects.Furthermore the promotion effect of common institutional ownership on enterprise innovation is more significant in samples with a lower degrees of marketization and a higher degree of industry competition.This shows that common institutional investors in China can bring rich private information, management knowledge and industry experience to enterprises, and give play to their strong information network advantages and supervision and governance capabilities.This can effectively alleviate the problem of principal-agent and information asymmetry, thereby reducing the lack of motivation and resources for enterprise innovation, and ultimately improving the level of enterprise innovation.At the same time, when the level of marketization in the region where the enterprise is located is low, the common institutional ownership is more able to play a synergistic governance effect, thereby promoting the innovation and development of the enterprise; and when the level of competition in the industry in which the company is located is relatively high, the more motivated by common institutional ownership is to promote the exchange of knowledge and information among portfolio companies, and exert the effect of resource sharing, thereby improving the innovation level of the enterprise.#br#This paper integrates principal-agent theory, synergy theory and the research results in the field of corporate innovation, and examines the impact of the peer effect formed by institutional investors holding the equity of multiple companies in the same industry on enterprise innovation from the perspective of horizontal correlation.This deepens the study of institutional investor governance behavior and effects.At the same time, it further reveals the mechanism of common institutional ownership affecting corporate innovation, and provides a new perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between institutional investors and corporate innovation.The research conclusions not only enrich the academic cognition of the emerging equity model of common institutional ownership, but also provide policy reference for the government to supervise and regulate the behavior of institutional investors.#br#

    Zeng Chunhua,Lin Yifeng. Common Institutional Ownership and Enterprise Innovation:from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance and Information Sharing[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 21-31., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020480.

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    • Regional Scientific Development
  • The Partial DEA Window Analysis and the Efficiency Spatial Correlation Under the Capital Effect of China′s Scientific and Technological Input Over Efficiency Measure
    Guo Lu,Dai Zhimin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 32-42. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040020
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    The existing researches on the efficiency of scientific and technological activities have serious heterogeneity defects, so there is the need for an in-depth analysis of the regional efficiency difference. This study uses the super-efficiency measure theory and DEA window method to empirically analyze the dynamic evolution of science and technology activities in 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2010 to 2019. It constructs a panel data equation from the perspective of investment in science and technology to examine the driving force of different capital types, and the direct and indirect effects of space overflow in China's input in science and technology efficiency to confirm if the capital difference plays a leading role in the annual average efficiency of China's scientific and technological activities. Moran's index is used to measure the correlation types of efficiency and spatial agglomeration of science and technology activities in different provinces (cities). The research shows that in the past ten years, the efficiency of science and technology activities in China has shown an initial rapid rise,but the trend markedly decreased in recent years. Among them, the efficiency of Northeast China is saturated and the capital investment is redundant. High efficiency provinces (cities) have outstanding driving ability. The efficiencies in central and southern China have spirally increased, and there are obvious differences among the groups in each province (city) in the region. The efficiency in northwestern region and southwestern region is high, but there are obvious differences in provincial (city) differentiation. As a whole, the efficiency of technology activities in China overflows obviously. #br#It is found that government funds and enterprise funds in North China, Central South and southwest have a significant negative effect on the efficiency of science and technology investment in this region, and a significant positive spillover effect; and government funds and enterprise funds have a positive total effect on the efficiency of science and technology investment in northeast China government funds and enterprise funds have a significant negative effect on the efficiency of science and technology investment in this region. But the significant positive spatial spillover effects on adjacent regions are different, indicating that the effect of government capital investment in Northeast China is close to saturation, and there is still a large space for enterprise capital investment. Government and enterprise funds in East China have different significant negative effects on the efficiency of science and technology investment in this region, and also have different positive spatial spillover effects on adjacent regions, indicating that the government capital investment in East China is close to saturation, and there is much room for the transformation of enterprise capital investment. The degree of convergence of the spatial correlation between the efficiency transfer of science and technology investment and spatial agglomeration in 30 provinces (cities) is spiraling, the degree of spatial correlation between provinces is obviously close, and the efficiency of science and technology investment in most provinces (cities) is still in the "capital pursuit". In the benefit acquisition stage, the spatial spillover effect is not obvious, and has not yet transitioned to the capital driven value discovery stage. #br#It is suggested that departments in charge of scientific and technological activities at all levels, enterprises and institutions should concentrate limited resources on scientific and technological projects with more basic and important breakthrough connotation. Secondly it is essential to fully understand the effects of different capital sources in the region to promote the efficiency of investment in scientific and technological activities. Relevant provinces (cities) in the region should carefully clarify the mutual influences and effect deduction degrees of different capital items including government investment, enterprise investment and social investment. It’s vital to pay attention to the dual difference of "quantity and quality" in the continued use of government funds; in many regions, there is still a large amount of space for enterprise capital investment. Thirdly in terms of the total amount, it is still necessary to increase the overall investment in various scientific and technological resources and earnestly fulfill the inevitable requirements of the transformation of service-oriented government. It is critical to clearly understand the mainstream scientific and technological development trend, and make reasonable resource distribution patterns of scientific and technological investment so as to track the forefront of science and technology.#br#

    Guo Lu,Dai Zhimin. The Partial DEA Window Analysis and the Efficiency Spatial Correlation Under the Capital Effect of China′s Scientific and Technological Input Over Efficiency Measure[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 32-42., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040020.

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  • Has Development of Digital Economy Enhanced Regional Innovation Capability:Based on Spatial Econometric Analysis of Yangtze River Economic Belt
    Xu Hui,Qiu Chenguang
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040373
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    Cross-border cooperation and innovative development of digitalization and informatization have brought the world into an information-driven era with comprehensive penetration. Digital economy plays an important role in reshaping the pattern of economic growth, changing the way of production and life, and promoting China's innovation and development. According to the strategic layout of innovation-driven development in China, digital economy is of great strategic significance for promoting the deep integration of industrialization and informatization, promoting the innovation of emerging technologies in various fields and optimizing the layout of regional innovation. In China's major regional strategies, the Yangtze River Economic Belt covers the provinces from coastal to inland horizontally, which can be regarded as the epitome of the development of the three major regions in China to a certain extent. The construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is conducive to building a new pattern of mutual support and benign interaction between coastal areas and central and western regions. Therefore, this paper takes the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research area, discusses the influence mechanism of digital economy development on the promotion of regional innovation capability and makes an empirical test to verify the impact of digital economy on regional innovation, aiming at promoting the coordinated development of innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, optimizing the regional innovation layout and building an innovative economic belt. This paper puts forward some useful suggestions for the integrated development of China's Yangtze River Economic Belt and building a regional innovation community.#br#By combing the research results of scholars at home and abroad, this paper finds that scholars' research on digital economy mainly focuses on its development process, characteristics, influencing factors, theoretical mechanism, development path and so on, and most of them are qualitative analysis. In the development of digital economy and regional innovation, a small number of scholars have verified the importance of spatial analysis, but there are few studies using spatial econometric models. Therefore, this paper adopts spatial measurement method to study. Then in the selection of indicators, the evaluation system of digital economy is constructed and measured by factor analysis as the core explanatory variable. Regional innovation is divided into two aspects: technological innovation and product innovation, which are regarded as explanatory variables respectively. The control variables are economic development level, scientific research investment, talent investment and foreign investment. Next three matrices of adjacency, geographical distance and economic distance are constructed from the spatial level. Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018, Moran test is carried out on the spatial correlation of explained variables and explanatory variables. Through the Spatial Durbin Model, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the impact and spillover effect of digital economy development on regional innovation. #br#The conclusions of this paper are as follows. The development of digital economy can significantly improve the provincial level of technological innovation and product innovation, and it is the core driving force to promote regional innovation and development. However, affected by the characteristics of digital economy development stage, its impact on inter-provincial innovation and development is not significant, and it has a significant negative impact under some matrices. Talent investment can directly promote the development of technological innovation within and between provinces, while the promotion of innovation ability by scientific research investment is more reflected in product innovation, indicating that capital and talents contribute differently at different stages of innovation and development. The spillover effect of digital economy development on technological innovation is greater than that of product innovation, which shows that digital economy has stronger radiation driving ability at the level of technological innovation. It is of great significance to stress knowledge spillover in the process of technology research and development and strengthen technical cooperation for the coordinated development of regional innovation.Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen regional technical connections and resource sharing, and break down the barriers to regional innovation and development of the digital economy, optimize the allocation of resources, and implement accurate investment of innovative resources, promote the construction of new infrastructure and improve the application level of digital economy, so as to enhance regional innovation capability.#br#

    Xu Hui,Qiu Chenguang. Has Development of Digital Economy Enhanced Regional Innovation Capability:Based on Spatial Econometric Analysis of Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 43-53., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021040373.

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  • Driving Forces Deconstruction of Green Technology Innovation from a Spatial Perspective: Policy Push and Market Pull
    Liu Yunqiang,Shao Xiaoyu,Liu Sha,Ran Ruiping
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 54-64. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090017
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    In the past decades, China has maintained high economic growth. However, the problems of increasing resource consumption and environmental pollution have posed a threat to sustainable economic and social development. Green technology innovation is conducive to economic growth, resource conservation and environmental protection, and has become one of the core concerns of the government and scholars. Since green technology has double externalities and its supply and market demand are low and unbalanced. It not only involves market factors to stimulate enterprises to invest in green technology innovation, but also calls for environmental policy support to make up for market failure and promote green technology innovation. Considering the existence of agglomeration diffusion effect and knowledge spillover effect between the regions, this paper conducted an in-depth study on environmental policies and market factors driving regional green technology innovation with the consideration of the impact of spatial spillover effect.#br#　Based on the derivation of theoretical formulas and Chinese provincial panel data from 1997 -2019, this study empirically analyzed the impact of environmental policies, market factors and their spatial spillover effects on regional green technology innovation using a dynamic spatial panel model from the perspective of policy promotion and market pull. Robustness tests were conducted by replacing the spatial weight matrix and variable measures, and endogeneity was addressed by using variables with a one-period lag as well as the air circulation coefficient as an instrumental variable. Further heterogeneity analysis was conducted by region and time period, and the mediating effect of innovation inputs was examined.#br#The results show that there is a U-shape effect of environmental policy on local green technology innovation and a positive spillover effect on neighboring areas through the demonstration-imitation mechanism, and market factors play a significant role in promoting green technology innovation in both local and neighboring areas. This finding remains valid after changing the measurement indicators and using instrumental variables. Further study finds that the effects of environmental policies and market factors on green technology innovation show significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In 1997-2007 and 2008-2019, environmental policies had a U-shape effect on green technology innovation, and also showed positive spillover effects on neighboring regions. The sloppy economic development approach from 1997-2007 led to a decline rather than a rise in green market demand, and the changes in market factors were in the opposite direction of green technology innovation, while by 2008-2019 it showed that market factors were pulling the regional green technology innovation. Furthermore, the analysis of the mediating effect show that innovation inputs play a partial mediating role between environmental policy and green technology innovation, and between market factors and green technology innovation. In particular, environmental policy inhibits regional innovation inputs through the cost compliance effect, which is detrimental to regional green technology innovation, while the innovation compensation effect of environmental policy is not achieved by changing innovation inputs.#br#Unlike previous literature, this paper firstly investigated the effect of environmental policy and market factors jointly on green technology innovation from a regional level perspective, which also made it possible to examine the spatial spillover effects of green technology innovation and its drivers. Secondly, unlike previous studies that used a single indicator to reflect market factors, this study constructed a composite indicator of market factors in order to more accurately evaluate the effect of market factors on regional green technology innovation. Finally, the regional and time period differentiated effects of green technology innovation drivers were explored, and the influence mechanisms of environmental policies and market factors on regional green technology innovation were tapped, providing ideas for achieving the overall improvement and coordinated development of green technology innovation level.#br#It is suggested for local governments to use a combination of environmental regulation measures in their continuous exploration, and advanced regions should play a demonstration role so that surrounding regions with similar resource endowments can imitate and quickly introduce appropriate environmental policies. Second, green consumption should be stimulated to enhance the vitality of the green product market. Finally, regional differentiated green technology innovation driving policies should be implemented and the spatial spillover effect of green technology innovation should be given full play to realize regional synergistic green technology innovation.#br#

    Liu Yunqiang,Shao Xiaoyu,Liu Sha,Ran Ruiping. Driving Forces Deconstruction of Green Technology Innovation from a Spatial Perspective: Policy Push and Market Pull[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 54-64., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090017.

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    • Industrial Technological Progress
  • Can Venture Capital Drive the Optimization of Economic Structure?A PVAR Model Analysis on the Driving Degree of Industrial Fund to Economic Growth and Industrial Upgrading
    Dong Fan,Zhu Lin
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 65-73. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021110580
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    Many local governments in China choose industrial investment funds as a tool to boost economic structure optimization, but in practice, the investment effect of local industrial funds is quite different from the expected goal, so it is necessary to study and verify the economic optimization effect of industrial funds. Theoretical research based on Neumann theorem shows that when exogenous shocks such as innovation and technological progress occur, economic development will enter an unbalanced stage. After the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure at this stage, the economy will have balanced and rapid growth. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the structural transformation of the unbalanced stage of economy through financial instruments such as industrial funds. Hence this paper puts forward the research hypothesis that industrial foundation drives economic structure optimization and upgrading (H1). On the other hand, Neumann theorem also shows that industrial value premium will be formed in the process of economic structure optimization, so it will also form an effective attraction to VC / PE. Based on this, another research hypothesis is proposed: industrial fund is not the driving mechanism of economic structure optimization, but economic optimization will attract the investment of industrial fund.#br#In order to study the interactive mechanism between industrial fund and economic structure optimization, this paper selects industrial structure upgrading and economic growth as the proxy variable of economic structure optimization, and constructs a panel vectorauto-regressive model with financial investment variables such as venture capital and total social financing for empirical test and analysis. In the results of the benchmark test, it can be found that the optimization of economic structure will form an attractive effect on venture capital and financial investment, but the impact of venture capital on economic optimization is heterogeneous. The benchmark test shows that financial investment can not only drive economic growth, but also promote the upgrading of industrial structure. Although the effect of venture capital on economic growth is not significant, it can significantly drive industrial upgrading. According to this research conclusion, in practice, some local governments have exhausted various ways to attract and solicit equity investment funds in order to drive industrial upgrading, and even set up a large number of industrial investment funds in some areas. However, in the provinces with relatively backward industrial structure, the industrial structure has not been improved as expected in a certain period. Therefore,some researchers argue that industrial investment funds will not drive industrial upgrading.#br#The problem in the benchmark model is that although it shows that venture capital can drive industrial upgrading, it does not confirm whether the investment scale of industrial funds drives industrial upgrading by increasing the total financial investment, or the industrial structure upgrading caused by the investment scale of industrial funds itself. In order to further refine the research mechanism, this paper selects the entropy of venture capital in financial investment as the research variable to eliminate the interference of other financial instruments on the action mechanism of industrial funds. It is proved by the empirical test that the sample data can not confirm the significance of industrial investment funds to drive industrial upgrading and economic growth, but the upgrading of industrial structure has a significant attraction to the investment of industrial funds. Granger causality test and impulse response function analysis are used to confirm the research conclusion that industrial funds are not the driving factor of economic structure optimization, but only the result. Meanwhile, industrial funds do not directly drive economic growth and industrial structure upgrading, but indirectly affect economic structure optimization by increasing the total amount of financial investment. Therefore on the one hand driving economic optimization can increase the total amount of financial investment rather than just increasing the proportion of industrial funds; on the other hand, industrial upgrading and economic growth will form a significant attraction to industrial investment funds. When the economy is optimized, the proportion of industrial funds in the region will automatically increase significantly.#br#According to the research, the establishment of a large number of industrial investment funds has no significant effect on optimizing the economic structure, but it will lead to factor duplication and resource waste. Therefore we should focus on vigorously promoting the development of diversified financial industry, enhancing enterprise financing ability and developing various forms of financial instruments.#br#

    Dong Fan,Zhu Lin. Can Venture Capital Drive the Optimization of Economic Structure?A PVAR Model Analysis on the Driving Degree of Industrial Fund to Economic Growth and Industrial Upgrading[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 65-73., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021110580.

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  • Does Digital Technology Promote the Integration of Manufacturing and Services?
    Zhou Mingsheng,Zhang Yibing
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 74-82. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120566
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    With the rapid development of digital technology and its application in various fields, various new models and new business formats are emerging, bringing subversive changes to industrial development. The same is true for manufacturing and service industries. The scope of their industries is expanding, the industrial characteristics are becoming more and more similar, the boundaries between them are becoming more and more blurred, and the trend of integrated development of the two industries is becoming more and more obvious. An in-depth study of the impact of digital technology on the integrated development of manufacturing industry and service industry is not only conducive to clarify the internal mechanism of digital technology on industry development, but also provide useful theoretical support for promoting industrial upgrading and realizing high-quality economic development.#br#Therefore, this paper will focus on the relationship between digital technology and the integration of the two industries, and explore the fundamental problem of what mechanism digital technology mainly affects the integration of manufacturing industry and service industry. According to theoretical analysis, we have assumed that there are three main mechanism paths to influence industrial integration.(1) As a general-purpose technological innovation, digital technology continues to penetrate into various industrial fields, which can promote the better connection of various products and services, reduce the technical threshold between industries, and break through the technical barriers in the process of industrial integration. (2) Emerging digital technologies such as cloud computing and big data provide an optimization path for matching problems in the market. Manufacturers reduce the cost of information search and matching through digital platforms, thus promoting industrial integration. (3) The application and popularization of digital technology in production and life has greatly improved the convenience of information acquisition and consumption process. Diversified and personalized consumer demand has been continuously stimulated, which has given birth to a large number of emerging industries and formats, and expanded the market demand boundary.#br#Based on the above theoretical mechanism, the research measures the development level of digital technology and the degree of industrial integration of 214 cities in China from 2012 to 2019, empirically tests the impact of digital technology on the development of industrial integration by using econometric model, and makes an in-depth study on the specific impact mechanism and effect. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (1) Digital technology plays an "adhesive" role between manufacturing and service industries, and its development can significantly promote the integration of manufacturing and service industries. Through "technology" and "platform", digital technology can break the barriers of production and realize multi-channel information connectivity, so that the integration of manufacturing and service industries becomes efficient. (2) The impact of digital technology on the integrated development of manufacturing industry and service industry has regional heterogeneity. From the perspective of region, the positive effect intensity of digital technology on industrial integration has the characteristics of "northeast region > western region > Eastern Region > central region"; Compared with technology intensive areas, the development of digital technology will have a stronger positive impact on the integration of two industries in nontechnology intensive areas. (3) Technological innovation effect and expanding market demand are the main transmission mechanism of digital technology affecting the integrated development of manufacturing industry and service industry. The application of digital technology in production and operation can promote the continuous improvement of industrial technology level and innovation efficiency. The diffusion of digital technology among industries promotes the connection between upstream and downstream industries, thus promoting the development of industrial integration. In addition, the development of digital technology has brought the emergence of various application software and system platforms, greatly improved the convenience of information transmission and access. The personalized and diversified consumer demand of consumers is increasing and displayed. Enterprises try to improve their production and service supply capacity to meet the changes and expansion of market demand. Therefore, the manufacturing industry and service industry continue to integrate and develop.#br#The marginal contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: firstly, combined with the characteristics of digital technology, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework from the perspective of the integration of manufacturing industry and service industry, clarifies the internal mechanism of the role of digital technology in the integration of manufacturing industry and service industry, deepens the understanding of industrial integration mechanism and regional heterogeneity, and develops the research of digital technology in industrial application,secondly, it comprehensively measures the level of digital technology and industrial integration from the urban level, comprehensively evaluates the role of digital technology in promoting the development of the integration of the two industries, improves the research content of digital technology in the field of industrial integration, provides useful theoretical support for promoting industrial upgrading and realizing high-quality economic development, and deepens the existing literature.#br#

    Zhou Mingsheng,Zhang Yibing. Does Digital Technology Promote the Integration of Manufacturing and Services?[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 74-82., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120566.

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    • Enterprise Innovation Management
  • CIO, CEO and Digital Innovation
    Wang Xincheng,Li Yuan
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030515
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    Recently, digital economy has developed rapidly around the world, and digital innovation has become an important driving force for economic development. Various policies were put forward to encourage firms to adopt digital technologies. However, most firms failed to achieve digital transformation and the factors affecting the digital transformation of enterprises are not clear.#br#Digital technology comes with great potential values and risks, and it inevitably captures a growing attention from top management. The top management team (TMT) takes charge of firm strategy, and thus has a direct effect of digital innovation performance. Since every TMT member holds clear responsibilities, it is difficult to provide in-depth and detailed understanding to analyze the impact of TMT on corporate strategy as a whole. Based on the attention basis view (ABV), this paper investigates how the chief information officer(CIO), the top leader of information technology management, and CEO, the most important leader of TMT, influence digital innovation. As the top manager of the information department, CIO is able to support corporate business strategy by developing and implementing information technology strategy. As the most important leader, CEO can influence the effectiveness of other TMT members.#br#Using the sample data of Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2018 and based on ABV, this paper aims to explore two questions:(1) whether CIO drives firm to adopt digital technology and improves digital innovation performance; (2) how CEOs’ business and political connections affect the effectiveness of the CIO. It is found that that firms with CIO are more likely to adopt digital innovation, and the performance of digital innovation is better. CEOs' business connection provides market-related information, helps CEO to obtain the latest digital innovation information, and thus promotes the probability and performance of CIO's digital innovation. However, CEOs' political connection provides policy-related information for making CEOs sensitive to meet government’s requirement, which weakens the probability and performance of CIO implementing digital innovation.#br#The theoretical contributions are as follows. First, from the perspective of IT leadership, it is found that CIO and CEO are the antecedents to promote digital innovation, thus enriching the research on the antecedents of digital innovation. Second, compared with other senior executives, CIO research is relatively rare. This paper advances the CIO research. Third, from a cognitive perspective, CEO's social network affects CIO's willingness and performance in digital innovation, which is helpful to understand the interaction between CIO and CEO in digital innovation.#br#The basic feature of digital innovation lies in the application of digital technology. However, enterprises using digital technology may not develop digital patents. This paper uses 49 specific digital technology keywords to identify digital innovation patents, and deletes the enterprise samples that use digital technology without developing digital patents. In addition, the investment in digital technology is large, and enterprises generally use the digital infrastructure developed by other enterprises or governments. The above fact leads to the inaccuracy of the sample in this paper. Future research should adopt a variety of ways to identify whether enterprises have carried out digital innovation. Moreover, the impact of digital innovation is multifaceted, which may not only reduce the operating cost and improve the operating efficiency, but also increase the sales and profit margin. It is not accurate to use the number of digital innovation patents to measure the performance of digital innovation in this paper. Future research can examine the performance of other aspects. Lastly CSMAR database provides the position information of senior managers of listed enterprises. This paper judges if the enterprise has set CIO through the above data. The existing literature shows that CIO is not always the senior manager of the enterprise, but this paper does not collect the enterprise data that the middle-level manager is the CIO. Future research can investigate the CIO settings of enterprises through various channels, so as to improve the universality of research conclusions.#br#

    Wang Xincheng,Li Yuan. CIO, CEO and Digital Innovation[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 83-93., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021030515.

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  • Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance and Enterprise Green Innovation: Incentive Tools or Self-interested Means?
    Xiao Xiaohong,Pan Ye
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 94-104. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2020120115
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    China's rapid economic development has led to rapid deterioration of the ecological environment.As the main culprit of regional environmental pollution, enterprises have an indispensable responsibility to balance the relationship between economic benefits and environment.It is the inevitable choice to build a green, intensive and efficient innovation system and promote green innovation for sustainable development of enterprises. However, compared with ordinary innovation activities, green innovation is a continuous task with higher risk coefficient, higher possibility of failure and longer return cycle, which may lead to the lack of confidence and incentive for managers to carry out green innovation projects. More realistically, managers can face lower salaries or even career losses if an innovation fails, making them keen to pursue short-term projects with fewer risks and faster returns.Therefore, it is crucial to the survival and development of enterprises to find out how to effectively restrain the short-sighted behavior of enterprise management, improve the tolerance of management to the uncertainty of innovation activities, and encourage management to continue green innovation activities.#br#As a new sustainable development model, enterprise green innovation has been widely concerned by researchers and practitioners. Seeking "harmonious coexistence" with the environment has become a global issue.Existing researches actively explore the influencing factors of enterprise green innovation, mainly including market pressure and orientation, environmental regulations, government subsidies, distance of environmental protection, knowledge transfer and green knowledge sharing.However, few studies have focused on the impact of D&O liability insurance on green innovation from the perspective of insurance incentives.Nowadays, the popularity of D&O liability insurance has brought unprecedented impact on the traditional agency relationship and governance model of enterprises. As D&O insurance is a contract to reduce the liability risk of corporate executives in the process of corporate governance, can its purchase stimulate the willingness of enterprises to green innovation and promote their green innovation activities?This is the problem that needs to be explored in this paper.#br#To further answer the above questions, this paper takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2019 as the research object. The selected enterprises involve 17 categories of the industry classification guidelines for listed companies revised by the CSRC in 2012, and this paper matches the directors' liability insurance data with the enterprise green patent data to form the 2011-2019 panel data set to empirically examines the impact of D&O liability insurance on green innovation.The results show that firstly D&O liability insurance can significantly promote green innovation, that is, D&O liability insurance is an incentive tool for green innovation, but not a selfish means for management to hinder green innovation.Secondly the possible endogeneity problems are alleviated by the Heckman two-stage model and propensity score matching, and the basic results remain unchanged after a series of other robustness tests.Thirdly the promotion effect of D&O liability insurance on green innovation is different among enterprises of different sizes and ownership concentration, mainly showing that the impact of D&O liability insurance on small and medium-sized enterprises is greater than that of large enterprises, and the impact of D&O liability insurance on enterprises with more concentrated ownership is greater than that of enterprises with dispersed ownership. #br#This paper interprets the green innovation of enterprises from the unique perspective of D&O liability insurance, which has certain theoretical and practical significance for the existing research and enterprise practice.First of all, this paper is the first to study the impact of D&O liability insurance on enterprise green innovation, enriching principal-agent theory and management incentive theory.Secondly, this study provides theoretical support for accelerating the popularization of D&O liability insurance knowledge and driving the leapfrog development of green innovation of enterprises in China.#br#

    Xiao Xiaohong,Pan Ye. Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance and Enterprise Green Innovation: Incentive Tools or Self-interested Means?[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 94-104., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2020120115.

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    • Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
  • How does Policy Uncertainty Affect Enterprise's Innovation Performance: An Analysis of Mediating Role of Interregional R&D Factor Flow
    Wang Jinfu,Li Jiahui,Zhang Yingying
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020260
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    Enterprises are rational economic subjects, and their profit-seeking nature of enterprises will make the uncertain policy environment either beneficial or detrimental to enterprise innovation. Although many scholars point out that the reasons for the divergence of benefits and drawbacks may lie in enterprise heterogeneity or differences in enterprise investment approaches, and argue that the rational use of market uncertainty caused by policy uncertainty to boost enterprise innovation development is the optimal choice in reform, most research findings still end up helplessly pointing to the need for government to maintain policy stability, and fail to provide concrete guidance on how governments can apply the potential advantages of policy uncertainty. An important reason for this is the disconnect between real-world needs and academic research findings. The heterogeneity of policy goals and measures in reality will inevitably lead to diverse policy uncertainties, while academics currently still take a holistic view of the relationship between policy uncertainty and firm innovation performance, which ultimately leads to a gap between practice and theory. As policy uncertainty induced by relevant policy adjustments in China in recent years has generally improved firm innovation, and an in-depth analysis of which type of policy uncertainty has played a positive role would be helpful to strengthen this incentive effect and provide comprehensive suggestions for policy system construction.#br#Due to the limitations of the research perspective, previous studies implied that the R&D factors of enterprises only came from local government agencies or financial institutions such as banks, and mostly focused on the role of intra-regional R&D factor inputs in the policy uncertainty and enterprise innovation performance. In fact, unlike the concept of regional R&D factor input as stock, the uneven regional spatial development pattern of information technology development overlays the inter-regional flow of R&D factors as a new driving force for enterprise innovation development, and differs significantly from the regional stock of R&D factors in innovation effect. In this context, if we still analyze how intra-regional R&D factors influence firms' innovation decisions in an uncertain policy environment from a static perspective and ignore the inter-regional interactions, we will inevitably be out of touch with the reality of firms' innovation practices.#br#The data in this study is from 2007-2019. Among them, all the data related to enterprises come from China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook and China High Technology Industry Statistical Yearbook. To ensure the reliability of the regression results, this paper deflates all the nominal value data to obtain the actual value. At the same time, all data, except for the flow of R&D factors, are logarithmically processed.#br#The findings of the study are as follows :(1) in general, policy uncertainty is detrimental to firm innovation performance and R&D factor flow, specifically, policy uncertainty at the supply level has a negative effect on firm innovation performance and R&D factor flow, while the opposite is true for policy uncertainty at the demand and environment levels; (2) R&D factor flow such as talent and capital both play a partial mediating effect between policy uncertainty and firm innovation performance; (3) it's found that policy uncertainty at the supply level negatively affects firms' innovation performance by inhibiting the flow of R&D factors such as talent and capital, while policy uncertainty at the demand and environment levels positively affects firms' innovation performance by promoting the flow of R&D factors such as talent and capital.#br#This paper takes a government perspective and analyzes the impact of different types of policy uncertainty on firm innovation performance. In addition, instead of taking a static perspective to analyze the role of regional R&D factor, this paper focuses on the mediating role of inter-regional R&D factor flow with the assumption of spatial correlation to provide a new perspective and new ideas on the mechanism of policy uncertainty and provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of R&D factors by enterprises.#br#

    Wang Jinfu,Li Jiahui,Zhang Yingying. How does Policy Uncertainty Affect Enterprise's Innovation Performance: An Analysis of Mediating Role of Interregional R&D Factor Flow[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 105-113., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2022020260.

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  • Industrial Policy, Innovation and Manufacturing Firms Servitization
    Feng Yujing,Zhai Liangliang
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 114-123. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021060257
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    The effect of industrial policy on firms and its intrinsic mechanism has become a hot research topic. The state mainly intervenes the economy through industrial policy which can promote the upgrading of industrial structure by guiding industrial development. At present, there are two viewpoints arguing about the validity of the effect of industrial policy. Servitization is a general trend and inevitable choice of high-quality development for manufacturing industry. Compared with western developed countries, manufacturing industry servitization in China is obviously lower. There are few studies focus on the impact of industrial policy on manufacturing firms servitization. Therefore, this paper can enrich the literature foundation of microeconomic effects of industrial policy and is also a useful supplement to the existing research on influencing factors of manufacturing industry servitization.#br#Innovation is the basis and premise for firms to provide professional and comprehensive services, so innovation is the key to manufacturing firms servitization. It is one of the strategic goals of Made in China 2025, a program launched by Chinese government to consolidate the country as a global high technology manufacturing economy, and it requires manufacturing industry to transform from factor-driven mode to innovation-driven mode. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses from the perspective of firm R&D innovation. The positive impact of industrial policy is discussed as follows. Firstly, it brings cost effect to firms. Industrial policy can reduce cost that is an important constraint on innovation. Secondly, it brings resource effect. Government subsidy in industrial policy can directly supply firms with capital which can reduce innovation risks. Thirdly, it enhances firms' competitive advantage. Competition for resources between new and old firms will intensify industry competition, which encourages firms to take the initiative to increase R&D and innovation investment. Finally, it brings a signaling effect to the market. Social capital tends to flow into the supported industries with greater potential and better prospects, so as to pursue long-term and stable income to alleviate financing constraints. Meanwhile, industrial policy may have negative effects. Firstly, it may crowd out firms' independent R&D investment, which is harmful to cultivate firms' innovation capacity. Secondly, it may lead to a rent-seeking effect, which can reduce innovation efficiency. #br#Based on the database of listed firms from 2000 to 2019, the implementation of Made in China 2025 is used as a quasi-natural experiment, and the grouping dummy variable and the staging dummy variable are set in this paper. Firms belonging to the key industries supported by Made in China 2025 are divided into experimental group; otherwise, they are divided into control group. There are ten key industries with clear boundaries, and the buffer period from introduction to implementation is very short. For this reason, Made in China 2025 can be considered as an exogenous policy impact on firms, providing a good prerequisite for the application of DID model. #br#There is no individual expected effect of firms in the implementation of Made in China 2025, and the DID model in this paper passes the parallel trend hypothesis test. There are two approaches to the placebo test, one is to advance the year of the exogenous event and re-perform the baseline regression using data from the year prior to the event; the other is to repeat random sampling, in which simulated regression is performed by randomly assigning the experimental and control groups. The results show that the basic conclusion in this paper is not accidental, which further verifies the correctness of the DID model. The result of dynamic effect test shows that Made in China 2025 significantly promotes manufacturing firms servitization in the year and the four years after it was implemented.#br#By combining with theoretical analysis and empirical test, the following conclusions are obtained. Firstly on the whole, Made in China 2025 can improve manufacturing firms servitization rate. Made in China 2025 affects manufacturing firms servitization through influencing innovation, and brings both positive and negative effects. Made in China 2025 promotes manufacturing firms servitization by improving productivity and increasing investment, while it hinders manufacturing firms servitization by reducing the return on investment. Secondly there is heterogeneity of ownership in the effects of Made in China 2025 on manufacturing firms servitization. Private firms are promoted, while state-owned firms and foreign founded firms are not. Lastly there is also regional heterogeneity in the effects of Made in China 2025 on manufacturing firms servitization. The firms in eastern and central regions are significantly promoted, while the firms in western region are not.#br#

    Feng Yujing,Zhai Liangliang. Industrial Policy, Innovation and Manufacturing Firms Servitization[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 114-123., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021060257.

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  • The Internal Mechanism and Realistic Path of Coordination between "Autonomy" and "Heteronomy" of Scientific Research Integrity′s Construction
    Li Xialing,Chen Wei,Guan Jinxiu
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 124-131. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050485
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    The construction of scientific research integrity is an important cornerstone of scientific innovation. After the misconduct of scientific research first occurred in China in the 1980s, the state standardized the behavior of scientific and technological practitioners from the aspects of laws, regulations and policies. By the early 21st century, the construction of scientific research integrity has begun to take shape. However, the construction of scientific research integrity in China for more than 40 years has not completely curbed academic misconducts in the process of scientific and technological development, and there is even a worsening trend. At present both "autonomy" and "heteronomy" are insufficient, and there is no effective synergy between them. In this paper, this study combines the synergetics theory with the real situation in China and conducts an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey so as to explore the internal logic and the practical path of synergistic construction of scientific research integrity in China.#br#According to the synergetics theory, the construction of scientific research integrity can be regarded as a system which consists of two sub-systems, namely, "autonomy" and "heteronomy". The subsystems of "autonomy" include scientific community, ethical norms and cultivation mechanisms, the main body of which is the scientific community; while the "heteronomy" is made up of three key components, namely, the management institutions to achieve "heteronomy", the laws, regulations, policies and systems to maintain scientific integrity, and the mechanism to deal with academic misconduct. The main body to construct "heteronomy" is the management body, i.e. government departments or universities and research institutions. At present, there are several problems about the construction of "heteronomy" in China. Firstly, the formulation and issuance of scientific research integrity systems and policies are from the higher levels to the grassroots, with the focus on administrative arrangements; secondly, the governing body of scientific research integrity management lacks independence; lastly, there are inherent defects in the design of the investigation and punishment mechanisms. In terms of the subsystems of "autonomy" construction, there are the problems of lack of quantitative indicators for academic ethical standards, a vague definition of academic disorganization and misconduct; the scientific community was unable to assume the main responsibility in "autonomy" construction, and it shows a lack of mechanism for cultivating scientific research integrity. The above-mentioned existing problems require prompt actions to build an effective synergy between "autonomy" and "heteronomy" in the construction of scientific research integrity in China. In the subsystems of "autonomy" and "heteronomy", the formation of the two (main parts), i.e. the governing body and scientific community are the prerequisite for the synergistic evolution of scientific research integrity construction. In addition, if there is better interaction between the main parts and the main part and the environment, better results will be achieved in the synergistic relationship of the system, which will promote the stable development of the scientific research integrity construction.#br#The stable development of the scientific research integrity requires an all-round synergistic development and governance system of the "autonomy" and "heteronomy" for scientific research integrity. The specific countermeasures include establishing an independent and authoritative governing body responsible for scientific research integrity and an open and fair joint working mechanism for the scientific research integrity meetings, promoting the integration of legislation in "heteronomy" and "autonomy" within the scientific community and strengthening the collaboration among the governing body, government departments and scientific community to establish a complete and systematic moral education system of scientific research integrity. It is also suggested to take full advantage of Internet information technology to build a comprehensive information system concerning the scientific research integrity of the governing body, research institutes and individuals, and improve the monitoring mechanism by social forces.#br#

    Li Xialing,Chen Wei,Guan Jinxiu. The Internal Mechanism and Realistic Path of Coordination between "Autonomy" and "Heteronomy" of Scientific Research Integrity′s Construction[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 124-131., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021050485.

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    • Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
  • Multilevel Influence of Platform Leadership on Employee Proactive Innovative Behavior
    Li Ling,Tao Houyong,Song Hao
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 132-140. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107411
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    In the rapidly-changing market environment, innovation determines the survival and development of enterprises, and the proactive innovative behavior of employees is the main driving force to maintain sustainable competitive advantages. How to improve the innovative ability has become one of the major challenges faced by organizational management. Employee innovative ability determines the organizational innovative ability. In the era of platform economy, how leaders build a career platform to stimulate the innovative passion and creative potential of knowledge employees is a key factor to determine the long-term development of enterprises. Existing studies also show that leaders' cognition and attitude have an important impact on employee proactive innovative behavior. Therefore, leaders' support and encouragement to employees is an important driving force to stimulate employee innovative behavior. Platform leadership takes the job of employees as their common cause with the focus on equal communication and mutual support, guides and encourages employees to form creative ideas or schemes about new products and services in work. In addition, the equal communication and sharing between platform leadership and employees is conducive to opening employees' mental model and stimulating their creative potential, thus promoting employee proactive innovative behavior. Based on social exchange theory and social learning theory, this study constructs a multilevel model regarding the impact of platform leadership on employee proactive innovative behavior.#br#Samples are from traditional manufacturing enterprises, closely combined with digitalization, networking and intelligence, mainly including IT, finance, manufacturing, real estate, biopharmaceutical and other industries with distribution in Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Wuhan, Beijing, Changsha and other cities. 28 supervisor questionnaires and 238 employee questionnaires were distributed to 28 teams in 11 enterprises. Excluding the invalid questionnaires, the researchers retrieved 24 team supervisor questionnaires (effective recovery rate 85.71%) and 211 employee questionnaires (effective recovery rate 88.65%) of 24 teams. In the 211 valid employee samples, men accounted for 60.02% and women 39.98%; in terms of age structure, 30.16% were aged 30 and below, 49.43% were aged 31-39, and 20.41% were aged 40 and over; in terms of education composition, 79.20% for bachelor degree below and 20.80% for bachelor degree or above. The results show that platform leadership has a significant positive effect on team learning emergence, creative self-efficacy and proactive innovative behavior; creative self-efficacy mediates the relationship between platform leadership and proactive innovative behavior; team learning emergence also plays a multilevel mediating role between platform leadership and proactive innovative behavior.#br#Based on the perspective of social learning theory and social cognition theory, this paper explores how platform leaders affect employee proactive innovative behavior through the intermediary mechanism of creative self-efficacy and team learning emergence. The research conclusion not only confirms that leaders' cognition and behavior are one of the important factors affecting employee innovative behavior, it also explores the multilevel influence mechanism of platform leadership on employee proactive innovative behavior, which further expands the related research on platform leadership. In addition, the results of this study enrich the intermediate mechanism of influencing employee proactive innovative behavior, and lay a foundation for future related research.#br#The paper also confirms that creative self-efficacy is the main driving force of employee proactive innovative behavior, and this finding has important theoretical guiding significance on how to motivate and manage employee proactive innovative behavior. On the one hand, the empirical results help to uncover the black box of intermediate mechanism of the impact of platform leadership on employee innovative behavior. In addition, by providing positive psychological support and innovative resources to employees, the platform leaders are able to enhance their confidence and resistance to pressure in the face of difficulties and setbacks in the process of innovation, and stir up employee proactive innovation by improving team members' sense of creative self-efficacy. Moreover this study also finds that team learning emergence plays a multilevel mediating role between platform leadership and proactive innovative behavior. Managers can make a team learning atmosphere, encourage employees to learn and make progress together, enhance employee innovative ability by sharing knowledge, skills and experience. Therefore, as a platform leader, he/she should pay more attention to team learning, create an open, inclusive learning atmosphere, and encourage not only the learning and communication among team members, but also the learning and communication outside of the team.#br#

    Li Ling,Tao Houyong,Song Hao. Multilevel Influence of Platform Leadership on Employee Proactive Innovative Behavior[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 132-140., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.C202107411.

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  • Scale Development of the "Vigorous and Promising " Thought of Executives and Its Effect on Enterprise Strategic Innovation
    Chen Yan,Du Huilin,Gao Cheng
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120270
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    At present, enterprises are facing increasingly severe competition than ever because of the influence of the new coronavirus disease and trade protectionism.Under the pressure of shrinking demand, rising labor, energy and financing costs, and weakening expectations, the survival and development of enterprises largely depend on whether they can adapt to the current environment.Since strategy is the operating guideline for enterprises to adapt to environmental changes, in this case timely adjustment of strategic content and strategic innovation is particularly important for enterprises to gain competitive advantages in the complex and cruel market environment.Existing researches focus on the impact of the background of native culture on strategic decision such as the thought of the golden mean and yin-yang thought, and affirm the key role of executives in strategic decision, but there is a lack of in-depth exploration of the effects and the mechanisms of "vigorous and promising" thought as executives’ dominant belief of Chinese culture on strategic innovation.In response to the above research deficiencies, based on the micro perspective of the Institution Change Theory, this study analyzes the impact of executives’ dominant belief of Chinese culture——"vigorous and promising" thought on strategic innovation by constructing its scale, and examines the mediating effect of the organization routine updating, as well as the joint moderating effect of executives’ learning orientation and employee human capital.#br#Based on the 293 valid date samples from 68 enterprises obtained by questionnaires, this study makes exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the measurement model of "vigorous and promising" thought.Structure equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis are made to verify theoretical hypotheses.The results are as follows.Firstly，there are three dimensions including "unremitting and self-improvement"， "holding world with virtue" and "vigorous and upright" in the scale of the "vigorous and promising" thought．Secondly, the "vigorous and promising" thought of executives has a significant positive impact on strategic innovation.Thirdly, the "vigorous and promising" thought of executives has a significant positive impact on organization routine updating.Fourthly, the relationship of the "vigorous and promising" thought of executives and organization routine updating is positively jointly moderated by executives’ learning orientation and employee human capital.Fifthly, organization routine updating has a significant positive impact on strategic innovation and plays an intermediary role between the "vigorous and promising" thought of executives and strategic innovation.#br#Different from previous researches, this study builds and tests a measurement model of executives’ dominant belief of Chinese culture——"vigorous and promising" thought, and provides an effective measurement tool for empirical research based on the "vigorous and promising" thought of executives in the future.Meanwhile, based on the Institution Change Theory, this research reveals the internal mechanism of the influence of "vigorous and promising" thought of executives on strategic innovation from the perspective of organization routine, and expands application of the institution change theory.Besides, the study of the joint moderating effect of executives’ learning orientation and employee human capital provides one possible boundary condition for the relationship among "vigorous and promising" thought of executives and organization routine updating.The conclusions of this study have the following implications for management.Firstly, executives should strengthen their consciousness of local cultural belief and carry forward the "vigorous and promising" thought, such as keeping learning and setting higher goals for themselves and their enterprises, and consciously abiding by laws and ethics.And it is necessary to establish friendly relations with employees, upstream and downstream enterprises, and lead enterprises to undertake social and natural responsibilities.Moreover, enterprises should adapt to market changes and allocate resources rationally.Secondly, enterprises should pay attention to the role of organization routine updating in the development.For example, it is necessary to clarify the requirements of the external environment for the routine updating, and constantly introduce new ideas and new thinking to promote strategic innovation.Thirdly, enterprises should constantly build up knowledge.For example, executives should establish learning awareness, improve learning orientation and enrich their knowledge stocks.Moreover, it is essential for enterprises to actively advocate organizational learning and provide professional training so as to help employees acquire more knowledge and upgrade skills.#br#

    Chen Yan,Du Huilin,Gao Cheng. Scale Development of the "Vigorous and Promising " Thought of Executives and Its Effect on Enterprise Strategic Innovation[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 141-150., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021120270.

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    • Review
  • Digital Business Model: A Literature Review and Research Prospects
    Zhang Jingwei,Tu Yuqi,Jin Xiujuan
    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY. 2022, 39(13): 151-160. https://doi.org/10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090265
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    With the rapid development of digital technology, especially the rise of artificial intelligence, internet of things, cloud computing, 5G and other related technologies and industries, enterprises have come into a new digital business environment. The evolution of digital technology is a business game changer and a key to the transformation of old and new business models. Therefore, in the era of digital innovation and entrepreneurship, it is one of the most important capabilities for an enterprise to use the digital technology to design and implement a business model with digital characteristics , which is conducive to its survival and vigorous growth.#br#Existing literature has conducted the business model research in the background of the digital era and put forward the concept of Digital Business Model(DBM). As a new business trend under the digital background, digital business model depicts the business logic and basic principles of enterprises taking advantage of digital technology and having digital characteristics. It is of great significance for enterprises to tap new sources of value creation, construct digital business logic and reshape the pattern of industrial competition. Although this topic is extremely important for academic research and management practice of business, and has attracted more and more attention in the academic field, the specific connotation and unique performance of digital business model is still unclear due to different research perspectives and research contexts. In addition, It is also difficult to fully reveal the uniqueness and complexity of digital business model due to the limited understanding of its formation mechanism and action path.#br#Therefore, what are the specific connotations and characteristics of digital business model? How do enterprises realize digital business model? Where shall we start with the study of digital business model? Based on the the above questions, this study firstly traces the source of digital business model and combs its concept. By sorting out the research on digital business models, it can be found that from the "spark" of early research on business model to the prevalence of business model research of e-commerce enterprises, until the recent formal proposal of the concept of digital business model, the research on digital business model is increasingly enriched and refined, but at the same time, it still lacks uniformity, clarity and direction. There are three kinds of understanding of digital business model in existing research, including emphasizing digital elements, highlighting business model elements and failing to focus on any element of digital and business model, so there is no concensus on the definition of this concept.#br#Thus, centering on the discussion of the digital business model forms based on digital enabling and digital enhancing, this paper further deepens the conceptual understanding of digital business model, and compares digital and traditional business model. Secondly, this paper clarifies the types of digital business model, and presents the specific structure of digital business model from the perspectives of degree, approach, elements and so on. The characteristics and performance of different types of digital business models vary, so enterprises should empower and enhance their business model attributes and elements according to their own environment and enterprise development.#br#Furthermore, by analyzing the internal mechanism, the driving factors and the consequences of digital business model, this paper reveals the logic of its emergence and development logic. First, in terms of the internal mechanism of digital business model, the three basic processes of digitization (representation, connectivity and aggregation) can offer new digital advantages and potential to value elements, which has an important impact on enterprise value proposition, value creation and value acquisition. At the same time, digitalization and business model have interactive relations, the internal logic of business model will also put forward requirements for digitalization. Second, the generation and development of digital business model is a complex process. Various elements of individual (such as characteristics, identity and experience), organization (such as organizational attributes, organizational culture, strategy) and environment (such as environmental dynamics, institutional and industry characteristics) may influence the progress and effectiveness of digital business model. Third, digital business model has an impact on corporate performance, organizational resilience and digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.#br#The article stresses the types and essential attributes of digital business models in further study. Researchers are suggested to pay attention to the exploration of the double-edged sword effect of digital business model, and identify the boundary conditions of digital business model results.#br#

    Zhang Jingwei,Tu Yuqi,Jin Xiujuan. Digital Business Model: A Literature Review and Research Prospects[J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2022, 39(13): 151-160., doi: 10.6049/kjjbydc.2021090265.

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