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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
2021 Vol.38 Issue.9
Published 2021-05-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Review
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1
Business Models of Different Types of Maker Spaces from the Perspective of Business Model Canvas:a Four Cases Comparative Study
Wei Wu,Zhao Xuan
Along with the trend of innovation and entrepreneurship, maker spaces as new incubator carriers have always attracted the attention of researchers. Due to the lack of an overall perspective on the business model of maker spaces in previous studies, based on the analysis method of the business model canvas, this research describes and defines the business model of different types of the maker space through 9 basic building blocks. Using this model, four maker spaces with different creation entities are selected, their business models are systematically analyzed, and three types of business models are defined. The results show that the maker space that relies on the government and enterprises pursues more efficiency and belongs to the efficiency-maintenance business model; the maker space that relies on the individual pursues more value and belongs to the value-creating business model; for the maker space that relies on the universities or research institutes their pursuit of efficiency and value is not obvious, and it belongs to the modest business model. The research has enriched the types of Makerspace business models, provides guiding opinions on the operation of Makerspaces of different types of business models, and has a certain enlightening effect on the research of Makerspace in our country.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 1-8 [
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Domain ofTechnology:the Development Limitation of Artificial Intelligence and the Possibility of Society
Hou Liwen,Li Yaxuan
The Fourth Industrial Revolution with artificial intelligence signifying its core has profoundly changed the development process of human society, affected the way of social self-construction and shaped the realistic society.Relationships between multiple subjects including mankind with technology and the individual with the state and society have been reconstructed and shaped as well. Focusing on the "essence of man","essence of technology" and "essence of society",this research aims to make reflective thinking and critical analysis on artificial intelligence technology by examining its origin and reason from the perspective of philosophy and social thoughts, so that we could place artificial intelligence on the horizon of individuals, structures and history for better understanding and reconstruction. We hold the views that there are two pieces of explicitly reverse but essentially accordant logic of artificial intelligence issues which set a high degree of coupling towards ultimate liberation of the free human union and foreshadow the possibility of a society in which artificial intelligence and people live in harmony.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 9-15 [
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Institutional Distance and Performance of Cross national Cooperative Innovation: Moderating Role of Cultural Tightness
Li Lin,Guo Lihong
The differences between countries are the key factors affecting cross-national cooperative innovation, however, there are few research referring to the influence of national institutional and cultural differences.This paper attempts to discuss the influence of differences between countries on cross-national cooperative innovation from the perspective of national institution and culture.Based on distinguished formal institutional distance from informal institutional distance, by using data on joint patent invention among 17 countries from 2005 to 2019, the effect of the two kinds of institutional distance on cross-national cooperative innovation performance is empirically analyzed, and the moderating role of cultural tightness in the influence process is further examined.The results show that the formal institutional distance and the informal institutional distance both have a significant negative impact on cross-national cooperative innovation performance, and the culture tightness reduces the effect of informal institutional distance, on the contrary, heightens the effect of the two dimensions of informal institutional distance including individualism/collectivism and long-term orientation/short-term orientation.Nevertheless, the moderating role of cultural tightness on the effect of the other dimensions and the overall informal institutional distance is not significant.The results not only reveal the influence mechanism of institutional distance on cross-national cooperative innovation performance in different cultural environments, but also provide theoretical guidance and reference for countries to formulate cross-national cooperative innovation strategies and for China to address the challenges of scientific and technological cooperation between China and the United States.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 16-25 [
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An Empirical Study on the Influence of Social Network Characteristics on Venture Capital Sub funds′ Performance
Zhao Rui,Li Yanru,Cheng Xiang
Based on the current situation of Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Venture Capital Sub-Fund, this paper deeply studies the network influence factors of venture capital sub-funds on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The social network method is used to construct the sub-fund social network, and the network characteristics of the venture capital sub-fund are obtained. On this basis, the correlation analysis of sub-fund network characteristics and performance indicators is carried out. The study found that social network scale, network relationship intensity, and network center potential all have a significant positive impact on the performance of venture capital sub-funds, but the degree of impact varies. The study believes that relevant government departments should introduce corresponding policies to encourage the emergence and development of new nodes, strengthen cooperation and exchange between nodes, and improve network consistency by building a community of interests.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 26-32 [
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Regional Scientific Development
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Does theSpatial Structure of Financial Supply Affect Regional Innovation Capabilities
He Jian,Wei Tao,Dong Chunfeng,Qiao Zhihong
How to focus on the improvement of regional innovation capabilities from the financial supply side is a strategy that cannot be ignored in the steady promotion of innovation-driven development strategies. Based on the panel data of 275 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper empirically analyzes the internal relationship between the spatial structure of financial supply and regional innovation capabilities based on the perspectives of regional financial center construction and local financial development. The research finds that the construction of a regional financial center has both a local effect and a space spillover effect on the improvement of regional innovation capabilities, and the development of local finance also has a significant role in promoting regional innovation capabilities. Further research finds that there is a general spatial spillover effect of regional financial development on regional innovation, but it is affected by the heterogeneity of spatial location, city size, and degree of marketization. And this kind of spatial spillover effect has the characteristic of attenuation with increasing geographic distance. Within 60 kilometers, it is a dense area of spillover effect. The spatial spillover effect will no longer be significant, when the geographic distance between cities spans 200 kilometers.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 33-42 [
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Environmental Regulation Tools and the Regional Influence on the Environmentally Friendly Technological Innovation:By Taking Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology as an Example
Sun Bing,Xu Yang,Kang Min
In order to define the different types of environmental regulation tools whether and how to influence the environmentally friendly technological innovation, so as to provide a strong basis for the formulation of environmental regulation policies, this paper takes hydrogen fuel cell technology as an example, it used the system GMM method to make an empirical test with the provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2017. The results show that the three kind of environmental regulation tools have a significant positive impact on environmentally friendly technological innovation. On this basis, this paper further divides the national sample into high-level、medium-level and low-level regions of environmentally friendly technological innovation based on cluster analysis to examine the regional differences in environmentally friendly technological innovations made by environmental regulation tools .The results show that in areas with high levels of environmentally friendly technological innovation, market-incentive and public-engaged environmental regulation tools are obvious positive effects, but command-controlled environmental regulation tools have not formed effective incentives for environmentally friendly technological innovation; market-incentive environmental regulation tools in regions with higher levels of technological innovation have a negative impact, while the incentive effects of the remaining two tools are not significant; in the areas with low levels of environmentally friendly technological innovation, only command-controlled environmental regulation tools have negative influences.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 43-51 [
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Research on the mechanism of investment of technological transaction to enhance the performance of inter industry technological convergence
Xia Yu,Zhang Fuchun
Based on Enterprise Absorption Ability Theory，this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of investment of technological transaction—degree of inter-industry technological convergence—performance of inter-industry technological convergence, and this paper construct the mathematical model of inter-industry technological convergence. Through this model, this paper demonstrates the transmission mechanism that increasing investment of technological transaction can improve the degree of inter-industry technological convergence, and then improve the performance of inter-industry technological convergence. Collecting the patent data and financial data of 96 listed companies in China's new energy automobile industry, bio-agricultural industry and aviation equipment industry from 2012 to 2019, this paper tests the relationship among investment of technological transaction, the degree of inter-industry technological convergence and the performance of inter-industry technology convergence by the fixed-effect model. And it is found that increasing the investment of technological transaction can improve the degree of inter-industry technological convergence, and then improve the performance of inter-industry technological convergence.This conclusion is helpful to enrich the theoretical research of inter-industry technological convergence，and provide reference for the practice of inter-industry technological convergence.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 52-60 [
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Industrial Technological Progress
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Research on the Influence of China Europe Manufacturing Intra product Trade on Spillover Effect of China's Green Technology
Lan Tian,Zhe Zhang
In order to study the transmission mechanism of green technology in trade, this paper selected input and output data of 15 manufacturing subsectors in China and Europe from 2000 to 2019, used OECD database of environmental Technology patents to calculate the knowledge stock of green technology in the EU and China, and studied the impact of Vertical Specialization on China's green technology spillover from the perspective of intra-product trade. Empirical research shows that: first, intra-product trade has significant positive spillover effect, and the industrial spillover effect of green technology can be further amplified through the adjustment of VS; Second, compared with imports, intra-product exports have achieved a more significant "export learning effect" through industrial scale agglomeration. Non-materialized cutting-edge environmental protection technologies are easier to be transferred to China through intra-product exports. Thirdly, the role of VS in promoting green technology innovation ability in manufacturing industry has industry heterogeneity. Therefore, China should increase intra-product trade with leading countries in environmental protection technology and promote the iteration and update of its own green technology by imitating and learning the environmental protection technology that is constantly absorbed into products.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 61-71 [
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Enterprise Innovation Management
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Research on the Structure System of Entrepreneur Competence of Family Business in Mature Period
Zhao Tianle,Li Changhong
Compared with other ownership enterprises, even in the best stage of enterprise development, family enterprises also face severe resource constraints. Family entrepreneurs are the core figures of enterprises,the research on the constitution system of the competence in this stage is not only representative in the group of entrepreneurs, but also has practical guiding value.In this paper, 348 samples of family entrepreneurs from five provinces in 2019 are collected,and entrepreneur competency system of mature family business are constructed first by empirical analysis.The main conclusions of the study :The competence of family entrepreneurs in mature period is composed of energy flow competence, personality competence, material flow competence and information flow competence. Among them, energy flow competence is composed of 7 parts: innovation and risk-taking spirit, vision and hard-working spirit,and so on;Personality competence consists of 7 components: interpersonal synergy, open-minded to listen to advice ,and so on; Material flow competence is composed of three parts: supply chain guarantee and integration ability, capital chain risk management ability and capital operation ability;Information flow competence is composed of three parts:knowledge management ability, intelligence system construction ability, talent recognition and talent utilization.According to the degree of importance, the entrepreneur of mature family business should pay attention to the competence construction of energy flow competence, personality competence, material flow competence and information flow competence.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 72-81 [
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Influence of Socioemotional Wealth on Entrepreneurial Orientation in Family Firms
Zhou Lixin
Based on socioemotional wealth (SEW) being classified into family control,intra-family succession intention,family identification with the business and family social capital,this paper aims to explore the relationship among SEW of family firms,and to examine the effect of SEW on entrepreneurial orientation(EO) of family firms.The results are as follow: first,family control positively impacts intra-family succession intention,family identification with business,and family social capital; second,family control positively impacts EO of family firms,and intra-family succession intention,family identification with business,and family social capital mediate the relationship between family control and EO of family firms.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 82-89 [
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Impact of Manufacturing Firms′ Green Innovation on Government Support：the Mediating Effect of Legitimacy
Yu Fei,Xiao Cheng,Zhang Mingwei,Hu Chaping
This paper integrates neo-institutional theory, and studies the impact of firms′ green innovation on government support, and the mediating effect of legitimacy on the relationship between firms′ green innovation and government support, by a survey of 284 manufacturing firms and a regression model. Our findings reveal that firms′ green innovation has positive effects on government support, and legitimacy has partially played a mediating role between them. Further, the relationship between firms′ green innovation and government support is affected by the political connections and competitive intensity. Specifically, both firms without political connections and low level competitive intensity enhance the relationship between firms′ green innovation and government support. By explaining how firms′ green innovation affect government support through the mediating effect of legitimacy, this paper introducing the legitimacy view of neo-institutional theory into the research field of firms′ green innovation and government support, and provides a new perspective for further research by going beyond the controversy of whether firms′ green innovation promotes their financial performance. It expands the research on the effects of firms′green innovation from the perspective of enterprise financial performance to the perspective of enterprise-government relationship, and enriches the studies on firms′ green innovation. Finally, this paper provides a new way for firms to obtain government support from the perspective of firms′ green innovation.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 90-99 [
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The Impact of Open Innovation on Manufacturing Enterprises′ R&D Input
Jiang Zhangsheng
Open innovation has gradually become the inevitable product of the era development. No coincident conclusion has been reached on how open innovation influences R&D input of manufacturing enterprises. Using Chinese A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2009 to 2019 as samples to investigate the internal mechanism among open innovation and enterprise R&D input, and further explore moderating effects of government subsidies and market competition. The results show that: firstly, open innovation can significantly improve the R&D input of manufacturing enterprises. Secondly, the more R&D subsidies an enterprise receives from the government, the more external organizations prefer to engage into open innovation with it, and the more internal and external resources it can use for R&D input. Finally, the more intense the market competition is in this industry, the more enterprises tend to adopt open innovation, and increase R&D input with external resource owners to maintain competitive advantage. These research findings can provide some theoretical supports and policy references for promoting manufacturing enterprises to implement open innovation, and accelerating their transformation and upgrading.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 100-108 [
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Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
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Research on the Mechanism of Innovation Climate to Employees′ Innovative Intention
Xing Benlu,Dai Jialin
From the perspective of theory of planned behavior, this study explores the interaction mechanism between the organizational innovation climate and the innovative intention of employees. Through empirical analysis of 426 employees from domestic knowledge intensive service industry, the results show that: (1) organizational innovation climate has a significant positive impact on employees' innovative intention ; (2) Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control play an intermediary role in the relationship between organizational innovation climate and employees' innovative intention; (3) further analysis through a moderated mediation model has found that employees with a high degree of job-ability fit are more likely to form a positive attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control under the influence of the organizational innovation climate to stimulate their willingness to innovate. The research conclusions not only enrich and expand the application of the theory of planned behavior in the field of service innovation, but also provide an important decision basis for managers to effectively stimulate employees' willingness to innovate.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 109-116 [
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How Entrepreneurial Leadership Improves Organizational Innovation Performance in Uncertain Environment
Lin Qin,Yi Lingfeng
Entrepreneurial leadership is an effective leadership for enterprises to cope with highly uncertain environment, which can maintain competitive advantage and achieve sustainable development through opportunity development and innovation. Based on the strategic entrepreneurship theory and effect inference theory, this paper conducts a questionnaire survey on the executives and employees of high-tech enterprises to explore the influence mechanism of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational innovation performance in uncertain environment. The results show that: entrepreneurial leadership positively predicts organizational innovation performance; organizational improvisation plays a partial mediating role between entrepreneurial leadership and organizational innovation performance; environmental dynamics positively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and organizational improvisation, and further regulates the mediating effect of organizational improvisation. The research findings have important guiding significance for enterprises to give full play to their leadership effectiveness to promote organizational innovation.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 117-123 [
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Development and Application of the Craftsmanship Scale for Manufacturing Employees from the Perspective of the Blending of Tradition and Modernity
Zhu Yongyue,Guo Minyu,Chen Wen
The manufacturing industry, as the carrier of the inheritance of the traditional handicraft industry and the strategic landing of the manufacturing power, it is of great practical significance to cultivate and carry forward craftsmanship in its field. However, there is a lack of normative research on the structural dimension and measurement of craftsmanship in the manufacturing industry. This study puts forward the content of craftsmanship of manufacturing staff from the perspectives of tradition and modernity. On this basis, the initial scale of craftsmanship of manufacturing staff was designed by means of literature analysis, expert discussion and so on, and a questionnaire survey of manufacturing employees in many regions of the country was carried out. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out on the initial scale by using SPSS22.0 and MPLUS7.0, and a five-dimensional craftsmanship scale with 22 items was obtained. Finally, the weighted average method was used to evaluate the craftsmanship of the sample employees, and the overall and dimensional situations of the craftsmanship were obtained, which has a certain practical reference value.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 124-133 [
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Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
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Research on Dynamic Evolution and Subnetwork Correlation of Incubation Network from the Perspective of Knowledge Exchange
Zhang Haihong,Zhao Liming,Wu Wenqing
Based on the knowledge exchange perspective, this paper builds an incubation network model framework, which is hierarchically embedded by incubators, incubating enterprises, and service agencies.Through the survey data, the dynamic evolution process of the incubation network's topology structure with the T incubator as the core node is analyzed, and the correlation characteristics of knowledge exchange between different subnetworks of the incubation network are explored.First, the results show that the density of the T incubator network decreases exponentially, the average degree rises steadily and the growth rate is slow.Moreover, the average path length and the network centralization increase logarithmically, and the average clustering coefficient slowly decreases to a stable state in a high value interval.Second, the T incubator network also exhibits complex network characteristics of self-organization, scale-free and small world during the evolution process.Third, the frequency of knowledge exchange between the "T incubator-incubating enterprise" network and the "incubating enterprise-service agency" network has a significant positive correlation.At the same time, the frequency of knowledge exchange between the "T incubator-service agency" network and the "incubating enterprise-service agency" network has a significant positive correlation.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 134-143 [
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Supernetwork Embeddedness,Boundary Expansion and Knowledge Learning Performance of Cluster Enterprises
Li Wenbo,Xu Xiuling,Song Jixiang
Knowledge learning of cluster enterprises is one of the hot topics both in theory and practice. However,there are few empirical studies on this topic from the perspective of hyper network embedding. This paper selects software cluster enterprises as the research object,and empirically studies the relationship among super network embedding,boundary expansion and knowledge learning performance. The results show that:organizational boundary expansion and knowledge boundary expansion have a positive effect on knowledge learning performance,and the effect of knowledge boundary expansion is more significant. In addition,this study also verified that boundary expansion has a partial mediating effect between the embeddedness of supernetwork and knowledge learning performance. The research enriches the theory of knowledge management and has guiding value for the practice of knowledge learning.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 144-151 [
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Review
152
Comparative Analysis and Research Progress on Quantitative Evaluation of Digital Transformation
Lu Yang,Wang Chaoxian
Nowadays, the digital transformation of the economy and society is the general trend. Digital transformation has become the focus of strategic deployment and academic research in various countries. Scientific and accurate evaluation of digital transformation level is the premise and foundation for measuring its economic performance and promoting high-quality development of digital economy. This paper reviews, summarizes and analyzes the literature context and new progress of evaluation methods of digital transformation. Firstly, according to the vertical and horizontal dimensions, this paper puts forward two evaluation paradigms based on enterprise maturity and industry level, analyzes the mathematical methods, economic values and application directions of each paradigm, and then comments on the characteristics of the main evaluation methods. Finally, the trend of data as a factor of production into the evaluation system is prospected, which will lay a foundation for future research.
2021 Vol. 38 (9): 152-160 [
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