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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2023 Vol.40 Issue.2
Published 2023-01-25
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Value Co-creation in Innovation Ecosystems: Concept Connotation, Behavior Modes and Dynamic Mechanisms
Sun Jinglin,Mu Rongping,Zhang Chao
The theories of "value constellations" and "value network" and the perspectives on value co-creation in innovation ecosystems provide a novel paradigm for understanding complex innovation phenomenon. They emphasize the characteristics of nonlinearity, interactivity and discontinuity to value creation process, and focalize the cooperation, resource sharing and symbiotic evolution among actors. However, the inconsistency in the conceptualization of innovation ecosystem impedes the understanding of value co-creation, which in turn hinders the research of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. Previous research has viewed this topic from the perspectives of strategic management, service marketing and information systems, with the focus on the behavioral logic of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems from a certain aspect rather than a systematical manner. Specifically, the strategic management perspective emphasizes the "co-production" relationships among producers, while the service marketing perspective highlights the co-creation of value within a user-driven value realization system, and the information system perspective views innovation ecosystems as affordance platforms. Previous research has revealed the complex mechanisms of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems to a certain extent, however, there is still the problem of research path dependence.This makes it more difficult to analyze the value co-creation cross multiple disciplines, resulting in the less systemic and comprehensive research and impedes the theory formation and practice development of the topic. Thus, there is an urgent need for a novel approach to comprehensively and systematically grasp the essence of value co-creation in innovation ecosystem.#br#Drawing on the complex adaptive systems and social exchange theories, this paper makes an in-de-depth deeply investigates the concept connotation, behavior modes and sustainable mechanisms of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. To this end, this paper first conceptualizes the notion of innovation ecosystems by clarifying its basic elements, such as agent, structure, foundation, purpose and method. Then it deeply analyzes the behavior logic of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems and puts forward an analytical framework to analyze the specific modes of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. It also reveals the dynamic mechanisms of innovative entities sustaining the co-creation of value. Finally, the conclusions and future research prospects are summarised.#br#The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. First,according to the complex adaptive system theory, it argues that value co-creation in innovation ecosystems is a complex adaptive behavior formed by the community of value creation core agents, value creation promotion agents, value creation service agents, and others who have symbiotic relationships with each other and are under a certain coordination effect to realize a common value proposition. Secondly this paper provides the basic assumptions, identifies the exchange types, and clarifies the exchange relationships of value co-creation to analyze the interactions among innovation agents, which opens up the “black box” of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. Thirdly this paper constructs an exchange-relationship analytical framework of value co-creation behavior mode in innovation ecosystems, by which it proposes four value co-creation modes, i.e. the contractual, the economic reciprocal, the relational and the social negotiation value co-creation modes. Finally it expounds the view that the adaptive cycle of "exploitation-conservation-release-reorganization" and the exchange rules of "reciprocity-consensus-fairness-trust" are the key dynamic mechanisms to sustain the co-creation of value in innovation ecosystems.#br#This paper has made some contributions to the theoretical development of innovation ecosystems, however, it also has some limitations, for the study is just a tentative analysis of the concept connotation, behavior logic and modes, as well as dynamic mechanisms of value co-creation in innovation ecosystems. Further investigations on exploring more interesting research directions will always beexpected in future.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 788 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1491KB] ( 401 )
11 Capital Supply, Technology Capability and Technology Transfer Performance: An Analysis Based on Multi-Group Structural Equation Model of National Key R&D Program
Zhang Yan,Li Ping,Jiang Quanhong
The National Key Research and Development Program inherits the past of China's science and technology and leads its future development. It is necessary to study the technology transfer of the National Key Research and Development Program because it emphasizes the "whole industry chain". Referring to resource-based theory and dynamic capability theory, this study constructs a technology transfer model of "capital supply—technology accumulation scale—technology transfer capacity —technology transfer performance" for the National Key Research and Development Program. With the help of staff from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, the authors collect 965 questionnaires from participants in the project. Thenthe structural equation model is used to verify the model with the collected data.#br#The research has the following findings. Firstly, the technology transfer performance of the National Key Research and Development Program is generally at a high level. Secondly, capital supply can positively affect the technology accumulation scale, technology transfer capacity and technology transfer performance. This is because capital supply is an important fundamental factor of technology transfer performance, and provides material support for subsequent technology accumulation and technology transfer. Thirdly, technology transfer capacity plays a completely mediating role in the path from the scale of technology accumulation to the performance of technology transfer. In other words, the scale of technology accumulation of project team cannot directly affect the technology transfer performance. Only when the accumulated technology is used and transferred, can the technology transfer performance be promoted. However, the scale of technology accumulation is still the basic technology resource of technology transfer and plays an important conduction role in the influencing mechanism of technology transfer performance. By considering the direct and indirect influence of technology transfer capability on technology transfer performance, it can be concluded that technology transfer capability is the most direct and powerful influencing factor of technology transfer performance of the program. It fully mobilizes the funds and technologies possessed by the team, allocates scientific and technological resources, and directly affects the performance of technology transfer. Finally, the multi-group structural equation model is used to explore the impact of different project types, and it is found that there are significant differences in the impact effects of different project types, which is mainly due to the different technology maturity of technologies in basic research, major generic key technologies, other categories and application demonstration projects.#br#This paper has the following marginal contributions. First of all, referring to previous explanations of static and dynamic capabilities, it deconstructs technological capabilities into the scale of technological accumulation and technological transfer capability, which is rarely explained in previous studies. The scale of technology accumulation refers to the technical resources accumulated and stored in the previous research of the project team, and it is the technical strength. Technology transfer capability refers to the ability to transfer technology and the experience of technology transfer related to the project team, and it is embodied as technology vitality. The combination of the two will fully mobilize the resources of the team, promote the rational allocation of scientific and technological resources, and thus promote technology transfer. Secondly, this paper puts forward the technology transfer model of "capital supply—technology accumulation scale—technology transfer capacity—technology transfer performance" of the National Key Research and Development Program, and confirms the practical effectiveness of them. Finally, the paper discusses the different effects of project types in the technology transfer performance impact model, and they are consistent with the technical characteristics of different projects in the National Key Research and Development Program. This study is helpful to provide a reference for the government, participating units of the project, chief scientists and ordinary participants on how to effectively promote technology transfer in science and technology projects.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 11-19 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1219KB] ( 639 )
20 The Influence Path, Action Mechanism and Coping Solution of Organizational Resilience under Uncertain Environment
Zhang Gongyi,Zhang Chang,Liu Siwen
Enterprises have to respond fast to environmental changes and uncertainties, generate strategic choices accordingly and effectively implement strategies faster than competitors, so as to obtain sustainable competitive advantage. This is precisely the essence of resilience. As a method to explore the mechanism of organization-environment interaction, organizational resilience helps enterprises to turn risks into opportunities and take advantage of opportunities against environmental uncertainties. Existing researches provide relatively clear answers to the two key questions of "how to build a resilient organization" and "why to build a resilient organization". However, there is a lack of in-depth and systematic understanding of the link between antecedents and consequences, and thus the black box of the interaction mechanism between enterprises and the environment in uncertain situations waits for further exploration.#br#In response to the above problems, this paper is devoted tostudying the process mechanism of organizational resilience in the context of environmental uncertainty from the process perspective, and constructs a research framework of exposure period: activate resilience—development period: mobilize resilience—recovery period: exert resilience. This research framework starts from identifying the impact of environmental uncertainty. Then it explores the dual-action mechanism of organizational resilience, and finally explains the differences of resilient coping strategies.#br#First of all, the environment is the information source and resource pool of enterprises. When the first sign of uncertainty appear, environmental uncertainty can affect organizational resilience along the two paths of information cognition and resource dependence in the uncertainty exposure period. The former is information-centric,andincomplete, untimely and unclear information will affect the enterprise's acquisition of key information, which in turn affects the comprehensiveness, speed and effectiveness of the enterprise's resilient response. The latter is resource-centric, and the dependence of enterprises on external key tangible and intangible resources will affect the supply adequacy and demand satisfaction, which in turn affect the resource mobilization ability of the enterprise′s resilient response. Second, when the impact of uncertainty spreads, enterprises can mobilize resilience through the detection mechanism and the buffer mechanism to reduce information ambiguity and break through resource bottlenecks in the uncertainty development period. The detection mechanism helps enterprises analyze the information of the real world to understand the current complex situation, and its role is to build the cognitive foundation of organizational resilience from individual, organizational and environmental factors. The buffer mechanism helps enterprises to allocate and reorganize internal and external resources to create a resource buffer pool to reduce the impact of disturbance and alleviate the dilemma of resource acquisition at this stage. Finally, when the uncertainty development trend becomes traceable, the coping strategies of organizational resilience in the uncertainty recovery period include adaptation, renewal and breakthrough. The adaptation strategy focuses on expanding the original core expertise businesses, and is committed to excellence in order to survive the disturbance. The renewal strategy focuses on exploring new value growth businesses, and is committed to innovating in order to thrive in an ambiguous future. The breakthrough strategy emphasizes that enterprises should become masters of dual business model against environmental uncertainty, and devote themselves to pursuing sustainable competitive advantages.#br#In summary, this paper attempts to open the black box of the interaction between organizational resilience and environmental uncertainty. Theoretically, it constructs a research framework of exposure period—development period—recovery period. In addition, focusing on the two main lines of information and resources, enterprises can identify the paths through which environmental uncertainty affects organizational resilience, and further improve relevant research results in the context of organizational resilience. Furthermore, on the basis of understanding the impact of environmental uncertainty, this paper deconstructs how the multi-level elements of individuals, organizations, and environments contribute to the construction of a cognitive-resource dual resilience foundation, so as to activate the detection mechanism and the buffer mechanism, and further promotes the exploration of organizational resilience action dimensions. In practice, the clarity of information orientation and resource orientation provide enterprises with ideas and countermeasures to recognize and deal with the impact of environmental uncertainty. Moreover, enterprises can choose coping strategies based on the external environment and their own endowments,andthus this study provides knowledge support for practitioners to cultivate and develop organizational resilience, which is of great practical significance for coping with the negative economic impacts of COVID-19.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 20-29 [Abstract] ( 345 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1308KB] ( 2150 )
Regional Scientific Development
30 Industrial Agglomeration and Two-stage Performance of Regional Innovation:An Empirical Analysis Based on the IntensityThreshold of Regional Technical Endowment
Sun Bing,Han Minrui
The regional innovation system is the foundation and an important part of the national innovation system, and its formation and development play a significant role in promoting national technical innovation. The improvement of regional innovation performance has become a key issue to develop the regional innovation system. However, there are great distinctions in innovation performance among different regions in China, which are also presented in the two stages of regional innovation activities. Industrial agglomeration is one of the important reasons for this phenomenon. While because of the impact of economies of scale, similar enterprises tend to gather in the same regions, which keeps the regional technical endowment at a stable level and deepens the distinctions in the intensity of technical endowment among regions. Technical endowment determines the types of technologies suitable for regions and affects the regional growth, upgradation and transformation of industries by influencing knowledge spillover, talent structure and production efficiency. Therefore, the technical endowment also bring different impacts of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation activities in the two stages. The existing studies only analyze the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation performance from the perspective of different industrial structures, without considering the intensity of regional technical endowment. They have also ignored the stage characteristics of regional innovation activities, which has become one of the obstacles restricting the overall development of industrial agglomeration and regional innovation growth. Therefore,from the perspective of value chain, this study divides the process of regional innovation into two stages: knowledge creation and achievement transformation. Introducing the intensity of regional technical endowment, this study discusses the distinction of the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation performance in two stages when the intensity of regional technical endowment is taken as the threshold variable.#br#This paper selects 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2009 to 2019 as research samples, and the original data of these regions is from various statistical yearbooks and platforms in China.A threshold regression model is constructed to explore the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation performance with the different regional intensity of technical endowment. To obtain a stable conclusion, two tests are conducted to verify the robustness of the conclusion.#br#The results show that the influence of industrial agglomeration on the two-stage performance of regional innovation has significant nonlinear threshold characteristics. In the stage of knowledge creation, as the intensity of regional technical endowment increases, the promoting effect of industrial agglomeration on the performance of regional innovation rises gradually. In the stage of achievement transformation, when the intensity of regional technical endowment increases, the association between industrial agglomeration and regional innovation performance first decreases and then rises. Combining the results of the two stages,the study confirms that the industrial agglomeration of most regions in China can promote regional innovation performance in the two stages. Technical endowment tends to concentrate on the regions with the strongest economic foundation within a certain geographical range at first, and then these regions gradually drive the growth of the intensity of technical endowment in other neighboring regions.#br#This study extends the boundary of the industry cluster theory and the new economic geography theory, andenriches the research on the relationship between industrial agglomeration and regional innovation performance in the field of technical endowment, as well as the research content of innovation geography to a great extent. Moreover it provides a theoretical basis for the government of regions with different intensities of technical endowment to promote regional innovation development by industry introduction, thuspromoting regional innovation and coordinated development.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 30-40 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1404KB] ( 166 )
41 The Operation Efficiency Evaluation and Innovation Spillover of Makerspaces in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River
Wang Junhua,Zhang Xinyi
With the nationwide initiative of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", the number of makerspaces across China has shown explosive growth in recent years. As an emerging carrier of innovation and entrepreneurship, makerspaces play an important role in cultivating technologically innovative enterprises, stabilizing social employment and promoting economic transformation. However,most of them fail to make full use of their existing resources for efficient operation, and the misallocation of input resources between regions leads to waste of innovation resources. Therefore, this study focuses on the efficient use and regional flow of innovation resources, that is, it aims to explore the methods to improve the efficiency of makerspaces and promote the coordinated development of makerspaces in various places.#br#Existing studies have shown that there is a phenomenon of regional imbalance in the operation efficiency of national makerspaces, but there is a lack of in-depth research on makerspaces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and related explorations on regional makerspaces innovation spillovers. To this end, this paper takes the nationally registered makerspaces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, and uses the data envelopment analysis method and projection analysis method to analyze the input-output efficiency of nationally filed makerspaces innovation resources. The Moran index and the panel spatial Dubin model are used to explore the feasibility of the flow of innovation resources between regions and the specific realization path of the coordinated development of the makerspaces.#br#It is found that in recent years, the operating efficiency of the nationally registered makerspaces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has not been high most of the time, and the state-registered makerspaces mainly rely on government financial support;there are varying degrees of insufficient output of the total amount of investment obtained in that year, the number of effective intellectual property rights, and the total income of the incubating enterprises; there are spatial correlations in the development level of the nationally registered makerspaces in each province in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the investment of entrepreneurial mentors and the turnover of the technology market have a significant positive impact on the development level of makerspaces in surrounding provinces and cities, the number of universities and scientific research institutions and the regional GDP have a significant negative impact on the development level of makerspaces in surrounding provinces and cities.#br#This paper integrates the basic concepts of makerspaces, operational efficiency evaluation theory, innovation spillover theory and other research results, takes makerspaces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, and enriches the research on innovation and entrepreneurship activities in two national-level urban agglomerations which are urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River). Different from the previous literature, this paper innovatively extends and analyzes the innovation spillover of makerspaces in adjacent areas on the basis of the evaluation of the operation efficiency of makerspaces, which enriches the empirical research on makerspaces. In addition, it also provides reference for further study on how to improve the efficiency of innovation and entrepreneurship resource allocation and the development level of maker space in various regions, and promote regional coordinated development.#br#It is suggested that future research can focus on municipal data to obtain more detailed research results. With the change of external macro market environment in the future, new elements of innovation and entrepreneurship resources may appear. Therefore, future research needs to reconstruct the index system to evaluate the operation efficiency of nationally registered makerspaces. In addition, with the continuous development of makerspaces, scholars can acquire more historical development data, so as to fully study the change trend of the spatial pattern of maker space, and provide more data support for the panel space measurement model.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 41-49 [Abstract] ( 176 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1272KB] ( 169 )
Industrial Technological Progress
50 Influencing Factors and Path Selection of Industrial Upgrading of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones：An Empirical Study Based on the fsQCA Method
Ma Zongguo,Jiang Yixiao
The main objectives and tasks of China's economic development in the new stage are to promote high-quality economic development and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan of China proposes to focus on industrial transformation and upgrading, and pay attention to the application and innovation of key core technologies. All of these provide strategic policies for the high-quality transformation and upgrading of the industries in the national innovation demonstration zones. In the process of facilitating high quality economic growth by innovation, the national independent innovation demonstration zones play an important role in leading, radiating and driving regional innovation-driven development and accelerating economic transformation and upgrading. Although the achievements of industrial transformation and upgrading are remarkable, there are still problems, such as the overall industrial development level of national autonomous innovation demonstration zones is still low, and the industrial development in the demonstration zones in the east, middle and west is increasingly unbalanced. As a pioneering demonstration force to promote China's economic transformation and upgrading, the demonstration zones should meet the new requirements for transformation and upgrading development in the new era. #br#By comprehensively selecting the main condition variables affecting the industrial transformation and upgrading of the national innovation demonstration zones, this study aims to find the interaction and joint effects among multiple factors and explore more diversified, regular and heterogeneous industrial transformation and upgrading paths. #br#The study reveals the multiple concurrent relationships in the industrial transformation and upgrading of the national independent innovation demonstration zones by the fsQCA method. Taking the industrial data from 21 national independent innovation demonstration zones as research samples, it selects 12 representative variables from five dimensions to construct the indicator system of influencing factors. The main sources of data are from the 2018-2020 statistical yearbooks and statistical bulletins of each demonstration zone as well as the China City Statistical Yearbook and China Torch Statistical Yearbook, etc.#br#The results show that high R&D innovation investment and high innovation efficiency are the core conditions influencing industrial transformation and upgrading, among which R&D innovation investment is the foundation and innovation efficiency is the key; there is heterogeneity in the path of industrial transformation and upgrading in national innovation demonstration zones; two conditional groupings of influencing factors can generate high industrial transformation and upgrading paths, i.e. R&D innovation investment-efficiency synergy type and R&D innovation investment-efficiency-innovation driving capacity support type respectively; there are four paths of non-high industries transformation and upgrading, all of which present the absence of innovation efficiency condition factors. This situation is more likely to occur in the national high-tech city cluster combination model of the national innovation demonstration zones. In view of this, this paper proposes to play the role of policy guidance, increase the synergistic innovation of innovation elements, and clarify the industrial positioning of the park to promote the industrial transformation and upgrading of national innovation demonstration zones.#br#The industrial transformation and upgrading in national innovation demonstration zones is a complex process which is subject to the joint action of multiple factors and the synergistic interaction of multiple factor combinations. This paper innovatively explores the synergistic effects among multiple factors of industrial transformation and upgrading in national innovation demonstration zones as comprehensively as possible from a holistic combined action analysis. Furthermore by using the fsQCA method to identify the high transformation and upgrading paths and non-high transformation and upgrading paths generated by different combinations of multiple sets of explanatory variables, the study explains the differentiation of industrial transformation and upgrading levels, and their realization paths in the demonstration zones, providing the practical reference for the industrial transformation and upgrading of national independent innovation demonstration zones, and the industrial development of national high-tech parks.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 50-59 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1315KB] ( 197 )
60 The Configuration Effect of Sci-tech Financial Investment on Innovation Performance of High-tech Industry: A Fuzzy-set QCA Approach
Gu Youjin,Wang Zhiying,Guo Tongmei,Chen Hong
High-tech industry is an important force to achieve the innovation-driven development strategy and promote high-quality economic development, and its development cannot be separated from the support of scientific and technological financial investment. S&T financial investment refers to all kinds of capital resources invested in the fields of technological innovation, achievement transformation and industrialization of high-tech industries, and it is an important part of the national scientific and technological innovation system. In reality, with the high regional concentration of high-tech industry, the development of S&T financial investment has not yet been coordinated. It is difficult to increase all kinds of S&T financial investment in a short time. Therefore, in the critical period of innovation-driven and transformational development, it is urgent to figure out how to achieve the innovation performance of high-tech industry by adjusting the investment mix of science and technology finance. Existing studies about innovation performance of high-tech industries neglect the effect of different combinations of factors. In fact, S&T financial investment has the feature of "integration". The government, entrepreneurial institutions, financial institutions and capital market are the important capital suppliers of high-tech industry innovation. Various S&T financial investments are systematic and synergistic, and there will be much greater effects if they are coordinated in influencing the innovation of high-tech industry. Therefore,drawing on configuration theory, this paper deeply explores the synergistic effects of regional financial technology input, venture capital, bank loans, science and technology capital market financing, science and technology insurance on innovation performance of high-tech industry.#br#The research samples of this paper are 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China (Tibet was excluded due to missing data).The study follows the causal analysis strategy that combines necessity analysis and sufficiency analysis, and adopts the qualitative comparative analysis method using fuzzy sets (fsQCA) to explore synergistic mechanisms and improve the innovation performance of high-tech industries. The data are obtained from China Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook of Science and Technology, China Statistical Yearbook of High-tech Industry and CSMAR Database in 2019-2020.#br#The research results show that none of the individual variables among regional financial technology input,venture capital, bank loans, science and technology capital market financing, science and technology insurance is a necessary condition to improve the innovation performance of high-tech industries. There are 6 paths to improve innovation performance of high-tech industry. Among them, two paths are configured to take "regional financial technology input + bank loans" as the core conditions, and the rest four are configured to take "venture capital + science and technology capital market financing" as the core conditions. Different configuration indicates that there is a variety ofimplement modes of high-tech industriy’s innovation performance.#br#The contribution of this paper are as follows. Firstly, this paper integrates the five financial input of science and technology to study in depth the mechanism of promoting the innovation performance of high-tech industry. It has deepened the previous research that financial capital significantly promote the high technology industry innovation, and made response to the previous view that "the interaction of innovation factors helps to form the innovation performance of high-tech industries". Secondly, this paper uses the QCA method to reveal the linkage and matching relationship of technology and finance investment in promoting the innovation performance of high-tech industry. It is found that different S&T financial investment in promoting high-tech industry of science and technology innovation performance is highly dependent and correlated, and has a complementary and alternative effect.It answers the question why independent variables depend on each other by the statistical analysis method. The study presents a new approach to couple relationship between the financial input of science and technology, and provides a reference for the study of high-tech industry innovation in the future.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 60-68 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1253KB] ( 242 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
69 Digital Transformation Path of Project-oriented Enterprise Based on Data Value Chain: A Case Study of Huawei's ISDP Reform Project
Lai Yuan-yuan,Wang Jiawei,Ning Yan
The in-depth advancement of the digital economy has made digital transformation an inevitable choice for enterprise development. However, compared with the vigorous development of the digital economy in the whole society, the pace of digitalization of many traditional project-oriented enterprises (such as construction companies, design institutes and cost consulting companies) lags far behind the companies in different fields. It is commonly seen that in these enterprises, the digital systems are usually not suitable for flexible project organizations, and there are isolated information islands and disconnected system data, which make it difficult in integrating digitalization with actual business. #br#In recent years, many scholars have conducted rich research on the digital transformation of enterprises. Most of the research discuss the connotation, construction model and implementation path of digital transformation in the scenario of operation-oriented enterprises. Since project-oriented enterprises provide non-standardized, unique and one-off products according to the individual needs of customers, the resource arrangement of enterprises is based on temporary project tasks. Therefore, the digital transformation path of operation-oriented enterprises cannot be simply applied to project-oriented enterprises. How to formulate the digital transformation path based on the uniqueness of project-oriented enterprises is still worthy of in-depth discussion. #br#The data value chain theory describes the full life cycle of data from data generation to knowledge creation, and has certain applicability for guiding enterprises to carry out digital transformation. At present, most research on digital transformation starts from the production link of enterprises, and discusses how data interacts with production factors to create new economic value. However, few studies use the data value chain theory to analyze the process of transformation and upgrading of project-oriented enterprises.#br#Considering the insufficiency of existing theories and the reality of backward transformation of traditional project-oriented enterprises, this study explores the path framework of digital transformation of project-oriented enterprises. Firstly, it takes Huawei’s integrated service delivery platform (ISDP) transformation project as a case, and identifies the organization and management challenges and data resource challenges faced by enterprises in digital transformation from the perspective of the data value chain. The challenges of organizational management mainly include the low degree of management standardization and the low level of integrated management. The challenges of data resources mainly include low data comparability, serious information loss, dynamic data changes, data pollution and incomplete data. Secondly, this study analyzes the process of Huawei’s digital transformation. Huawei fully integrates project-related data by building data links during the data discovery phase; and in the data integration stage, the data is decomposed and effectively encoded. In different application scenarios, different data in the enterprise data lake can be extracted for subject connection. Huawei comprehensively uses various digital technologies to improve the ability to create value from data, thereby creating more value at the project team, enterprise and ecological levels.#br#On this basis, a four-phase path of "integration of global data, standardization of data standards, integration of application technology, and release of data value" is proposed. It is recommended that project-oriented enterprises should build the data link with the owner and project management apartment. The owner should put forward specific requirements for the digitalization work during the bidding process, and consider the investment and technical reserves related to digitalization. Project-oriented enterprises should standardize the collection, collation, storage and analysis of project data. Functional management at the project level can also be supported through integrated digital resources at the enterprise level. What’s more, methods such as "project’s decomposition structure and coding system" are highlighted to achieve project standardization, and project-oriented enterprises need to build an enterprise-level visualized and intelligently integrated project management platform to manage the entire life cycle of project initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closing. On the basis of the above work, project-oriented enterprises can realize value creation at three levels of project, enterprise and ecology.#br#This paper makes theoretical contributions in two aspects.It theoretically explains the organizational management and data resource problems faced by project-oriented enterprises in the context of transformation; and then it proposes a transformation path for the above problems from the perspective of the data value chain. The paper promotes the literature dialogue intwo fields of project organization management and data governance, and has important theoretical value for project-oriented enterprises' digital transformation.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 69-79 [Abstract] ( 293 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1726KB] ( 946 )
80 Technology Market Development, Financialization of Entity Enterprises and Innovation Quality
Zhu Weizhan,Wang Xuebiao
The income gap between financial investment and industrial investment has been further widened with the influence of adverse external shocks. The phenomenon of financialization of entity enterprises driven by the motive of capital profit-seeking has attracted more and more attention. On the one hand, the financial investment of entity enterprises can significantly boost the investment income of enterprises and lay a solid capital foundation for improving the innovation quality of entity enterprises; on the other hand, the changes of corporate investment preferences due to the financialization of entity companies generate the crowding-out effect on innovation capital, consequently the financialization can degrade the quality of corporate innovation. Since the effect of financialization of entity enterprises on the quality of enterprise innovation is uncertain, in order to improve the supported intensity of financial market on the real economy, it is of great significance to empirically study the effect of financialization of entity enterprises on the quality of enterprise innovation and the moderating effect of technological market development.#br#The difference between innovation output and innovation quality is huge,however, there is relatively little literature focusing on the impact factors of the quality of enterprise innovation. Among all the literatures on the influence factors of the quality of enterprises innovation, most focus on environmental regulation and business environmental and so on. Due to the increasingly severe trend of financialization of entity enterprises, it is urgent in the current society to find out the influential effect, impact mechanism and adjustment effect of the financialization of entity enterprises on innovation quality. Consequently, this paper uses the data of A-shares listed companies to empirically study the influence of financialization of entity enterprises on innovation quality and the moderating effect of technology market development. It is found that firstly the financialization of entity enterprises has a negative effect on the quality of enterprise innovation. Secondly, technology market development has the moderating effect on the influence of the financialization of entity enterprises on innovation quality. In areas with better development of the technology market, the innovation quality loss caused by the financialization of entity enterprises is greater. Thirdly, financing constraints is one of important influencing mechanism for the financialization of enterprises to affect the quality of enterprise innovation. The transfer of assets from the action of production and R&D to the financial market by entity enterprises significantly reduces the financing constraints of enterprises, however the comprehensive effect of the transfer of assets from the action of production and R&D to the financial market still implies the phenomenon of degrading the quality of enterprise innovation. Moreover, when enterprises are located in areas with relatively well-developed technology markets, the influence of financialization of entity enterprises on financing constraints has been greatly weakened. Fourthly,the total factor productivity is an important mechanism for the financialization of enterprises to affect the quality of enterprise innovation. The financialization of entity enterprises has a negative impact on the quality of enterprise innovation by reducing the total factor productivity of enterprises. In regions with better technology market development, the negative impact of the financialization of entity enterprises on the total factor productivity of enterprises is stronger. Fifthly when the product market competition is strong, the entity enterprise is a non-family enterprise, and the bank-enterprise relationship is relatively weak, the negative impact of the financialization of entity enterprise on innovation quality is more significant.#br#Different from the existing related literature, this study explores the influence of the financialization of entity enterprises from the perspective of the quality of enterprise innovation with consideration of the moderating effect of the development of the technology market. Then it investigates the moderating effect of technology market development on the influencing mechanism and verifies the mechanism of entity corporate financialization on innovation quality, Third, from the perspective of product market competition, family business and bank-enterprise relationship, this study explores the differences in the influence of financialization of entity enterprises on innovation quality. Further research can focus on the quantitative mediating effect measurement of financing constraint mechanism and total factor productivity mechanism needs; the heterogeneity of the regulatory effect of technology market development is also worthy of detailed discussion.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 80-89 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1224KB] ( 193 )
90 The Impact of Business Environment and Government Support on Enterprise Digital Transformation: An Empirical Study Based on Text Mining of Annual Reports of Listed Companies
Gong Xinshu,Jin Mei
In the mega trend of digital transformation, enterprises face many problems in the economic practice of digital transformation, such as insufficient basic technology, huge capital investment and long payback period . It is difficult to correct such transformation failure by the market alone, which highlights the necessity of "tangible hand" in driving the digital transformation of micro subjects. Among them, as an important means to stimulate market vitality, fiscal policies such as scientific and technological expenditure should help enterprises in digital transformation. At present, due to the short development time of digital economy in China, the digital transformation level of most enterprises at this stage is still at the primary "cloud" level. In addition, the digital transformation at the enterprise level is difficult to measure. Therefore, at this stage, there is limited research on the effect of enterprise digital transformation supported by the government, and the theoretical analysis and empirical test are not sufficient. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of business environment and government support on enterprises' digital transformation from the government and market levels. On the basis ofthe annual reports of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies, this study uses Python to mine the word frequency related to enterprise digital transformation and measure the level of enterprise digital transformation innovatively. From the perspective of property rights, regions and industries, the influence of business environment and government support on enterprise digital transformation is fully expounded.#br#This paper selectsA-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2013 to 2019 as the research object. After screening the original data, this paper gets the final samples includes 12 975 companies/annual observed values. After establishing a benchmark regression model to test the impact of business environment and government support on enterprise digital transformation, it analyses the economic consequences of enterprise digital transformation. Then, the robustness of the results is further verified by extending the time window and changing the calculation line of variables. Finally, the paper reviews the impact of business environment and government support on enterprise digital transformation from multiple perspectives of enterprise property rights, regions and industries.#br#The results show that first, in terms of business environment, the optimization of government governance environment and legal construction environment can promote enterprises' digital transformation, while the optimization of foreign investment environment has a certain inhibitory effect on enterprises' digital transformation. In terms of government support, fiscal science and technology expenditure, as a typical policy tool, has an important impact on enterprises' digital transformation, and the greater its intensity, the deeper the degree of enterprises' digital transformation. The above conclusions are still valid after the robustness tests such as changing the index calculation method and extending the time window. Second, the digital transformation of enterprises can significantly promote the improvement of economic benefits.Thirdly, the impact of business environment and government support on enterprises' digital transformation varies with the nature of enterprise property rights, the region where enterprises are located, and the industry in which enterprises are located. To be specific, the optimization of business environment has a positive impact on the digital transformation of private enterprises, enterprises in the east, central and western regions and middle and advanced technology manufacturing enterprises, and government support has a positive impact on private enterprises, northeast China and advanced technology manufacturing enterprises.#br#This paper innovatively discusses the impact of government and market on digital transformation, taking business environment, government support and enterprise digital transformation as research objects, enriching relevant researches in specific fields. The research results of this paper have guiding significance for promoting enterprise digital transformation and constructing digital China. First of all, the empirical results of this paper are the affirmation of enterprises' continuous digital transformation, which means that enterprises should seize the development opportunities of digital economy and accelerate digital transformation. Secondly, optimizing the business environment can facilitate the digital transformation of enterprises, and there is little difference in the impact on the regions and industries where enterprises are located. Therefore, the government should continue to deepen the reform to"streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services" and allow the market play a decisive role in resource allocation. Finally, the digital transformation is a long-term process in need of government support to ease the uncertainty and risk in the process of digital transformation, meanwhile the enterprises and government departments should adjust measures to local conditions, formulate measures to explore the characteristic of the digitized transformation path.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 90-99 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1214KB] ( 943 )
100 How Should the Innovation Effect of Enterprises Be Enhanced in the Context of Digital Technology Application,collaborative Spontaneous or Collaborative Response
Ruan Tianshun,Li Xinhao,Zhang Jie,Gu Ying
Digital technology has a differentiated impact on organizational collaborative innovation activities and the digital business environment, thereby reshaping the formation mechanism and practice path of corporate innovation effects. Under the influence of multiple factors such as digital popularization, industrial upgrading and technological progress, the independent innovation of enterprises can no longer meet the development needs of the current stage,and it is necessary to coordinate innovative resources and complementary assets among the government, society and market. Existing Chinese practice and theoretical research show that the collaborative innovation of enterprises with the influence of digital technology is a relatively complex process which will be affected by the application contexts of digital technology, the interests and needs of multiple subjects, and the digital ecological environment of enterprises. The current research lacks empirical exploration of sample cases, and the marginal contribution of related theories needs to be further improved. At the same time, there is no in-depth discussion on the synergy mechanism and innovation path, and there is a lack of analysis of its core elements and conditional configuration, and the complex interactive relationship between multiple elements in the process of innovation effect cannot be explained systematically. In view of the above deficiencies, this paper proposes the following three closely related questions: (1) How can digital technology be applied to make changes in enterprise innovation? (2) From the perspective of synergy, what are the influencing factors for enterprises to enhance the innovation effect? (3) What are the feasible paths for enterprises to collaborate with multiple subjects to achieve innovation?On the basis of the above research questions, this research focuses on the supporting role of digital technology on enterprise innovation performance and the enabling role of enterprise innovation efficiency to reveal the quality of enterprise collaborative innovation and the vitality of enterprise digital innovation. Further, with the penetration of digital technology, enterprise innovation not only requires organizational resource endowment as the basis for the application of digital technology, but also requires strong support from the external environment including the society and industry, so as to promote enterprise innovation in the process of internal and external collaboration effective value. At the same time, it is hard to obtain a more universal and targeted implementation path by just exploring the impact of variables on enterprise innovation from specific digital technology application context. Therefore, this study explores the innovation mechanism and formation path of enterprises in the context of digital technology application from the triple conditions of technology, organization and environment.#br#On the basis ofthe theoretical and practical foundation of collaborative innovation development in China, this study takes digital-intensive companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies as samples, uses fs QCA to analyze the conditional configuration, and explores the collaborative mechanism and realization path of enterprise innovation through the TOE framework of technology application scenarios. The research results show that in the process of collaborative innovation, digital technology mainly affects the interaction mode between enterprises and multiple agents, and it can be divided into collaborative spontaneous mode and collaborative response mode. These two modes can clearly reflect how the enterprises uses digital technology with collaborative innovation behavior characteristics and coping strategies for digital business environment change. Moreover the high-level innovation effect of an enterprise needs to be composed of technology, organization, and environmental conditions. Through the configuration matching, four paths for realizing the high-level enterprise innovation effect have been explored. The talent-driven type is mainly composed of high-level talents, organizational heterogeneity, digital technology research and development investment, regional economic development level and industry competition strength; the culture-led type is composed of variables such as organizational openness, digital technology R&D investment, government attention allocation, regional economic development level and industry competition intensity; the demand-driven type is composed of variables such as organizational agility, regional economic development level and digital technology R&D investment; the policy-driven type is composed of variables such as digital infrastructure, government attention allocation and regional economic development level. #br#To sum up, the high-level innovation effect of enterprises in the context of digital technology application is the result of the synergistic effect of multiple factors. The effective combination of various factors improves the innovation performance and innovation efficiency of enterprises in the same way, so that different types of enterprises can optimize the adaptive collaborative innovation path based on their own technical characteristics and resource endowments to activate the innovation vitality of enterprises and promote the sustainable development of the digital economy.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 100-110 [Abstract] ( 193 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1798KB] ( 225 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
111 Impact of Comprehensive Innovation Reform Experimental Policy on the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements
Wang Xin,Du Baogui
Comprehensive innovation reform experiment is a practice of public policy innovation with Chinese characteristics. It is the traditional continuity of governance model like "touch stone across the river" and "gradualism", and also the realistic response to comprehensively deepening reform and modernizing national governance system and ability. At present, the first round of comprehensive innovation reform experiment has come to an end, and the follow-up experiment will continue to advance steadily. In 2020, it was proposed to "deepen a new round of comprehensive innovation reform experiment" in the Report on the Work of the Government . It is also mentioned in the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Vision for 2035. Since comprehensive innovation reform experiment is vital in implementing innovation-driven development strategy and promoting national economic and social development, it is essential to evaluate the policy effect. In recent years, scholars have made beneficial exploration in policy effect evaluation on the basis of policy goals, but they haven’t analyzed the impact of comprehensive innovation reform experimental policy on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements yet. Therefore, this paper focuses on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as the main policy goal, and discusses the policy effect.#br#Taking Guangdong, Anhui, Sichuan comprehensive innovation reform pilot zones as research object, this study utilizes synthetic control methods to construct synthetic pilot zones (which is a combination of Guangdong-Anhui-Sichuan), synthetic Guangdong, synthetic Anhui and synthetic Sichuan. By comparing the actual value of the technology market turnover in the real pilot zones with the counterfactual estimate value of the technology market turnover in the synthetic pilot zones, the overall effect and individual effect of the comprehensive innovation reform experimental policy on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the three pilot zones are analyzed. Besides, in order to ensure the robustness of causal inference, it conducts random permutation test and utilizes difference-in-difference model to retest the policy effect. Finally, consistent conclusions are drawn from random permutation test and difference-in-difference model to those of synthetic control methods proving that the conclusions are robust.#br#The results show that the comprehensive innovation reform experimental policy significantly promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the pilot zones in general. As for the individual effect, the comprehensive innovation reform experimental policy has a significant promoting effect on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Guangdong and Sichuan, but it has no significant effect on that in Anhui. The policy effect was evident in the year of policy implementation, and it increased significantly two years later. The causes of individual differences in policy effect might be concluded into three aspects. First, the main tasks of pilot zones are different.It is the main task of Anhui to promote the relocation and readjustment of industries, but Anhui undertakes more raw materials, textiles and other low-level, low value-added traditional industries, which in turn restricts the level and ability of technology transfer. Second, the utilization efficiencies of innovation resources are different. The utilization efficiency of innovative resources in Anhui is relatively low, and the enthusiasm of scientific researchers to participate in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is insufficient. Third, the market value and potential market demand of scientific and technological achievements are different. On the one hand, the technological content and innovation level of scientific and technological achievements in Anhui are insufficient, and the transformation ability of major scientific and technological achievements is weak. On the other hand, the low population concentration limits the overall size and purchasing power of the market. Also, the demand power that comes from adjustment and optimization of industrial structure lacks. The R&D fund input, economy scale, technology maturity, population concentration, industrial structure and innovation capacity have significant influence on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.#br#The study has made marginal contributions in the following aspects. First, it is the first to evaluate the policy effect of comprehensive innovation reform experiment on the goal of transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Second, it analyzes both overall policy effect and individual policy effect, where most scholars only focus on overall policy effect and ignore individual differences. Third, it innovatively introduces and utilizes synthetic control methods to evaluate policy effect of comprehensive innovation reform experiment and difference-in-difference model to conduct robustness test, and makes up for the limitation of single causal inference.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 111-121 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1668KB] ( 298 )
122 Preference Measurement of Local Government Innovation Policy Tools: An Analysis Based on The Text of Sichuan Policy
Chen Guang,Zhong Fangyuan,Ming Cuiqin,Zhou Xianyong
The new round of technology revolution and industrial change is accelerating, and the subversion technology is constantly emerging. The science and technology revolution is reshaping the world competition pattern, and innovation has also become an important means to improve comprehensive national strength and national competitiveness in the era of knowledge economy. The government attaches great importance to innovation and has issued a series of promotion policies. Sichuan is the only provincial "comprehensive innovation and reform test area" in the western of China, and it is responsible for transition exploration in the western region. The innovation policies issued in Sichuan are typical and representative, and its experience is worth of exploring. However scholars have studied a large number of regional innovation policies, few of them explore the areas with rich experience in reform. Considering the limitations and urgency of the current study, this paper constructs the analysis framework based on policy tool theory, and analyzes the innovation policies issued in Sichuan province, the rationality and existing problems of Sichuan Policy Tools in order to provide references to the optimization and design of subsequent policies.#br#From the perspective of policy text, this paper constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools and enterprise life cycle. With the help of analysis software such as NVIVO11 and UCINET, 82 innovation policies issued by Sichuan province during 2012-2020 is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that local governments have given incentives and regulations to innovation, but there are still some problems. The number of policies presents the phenomenon of stable development to rapid growth and then slow decline. Policies also have low authority and operability. Although the subject of policy promulgation presents diversified phenomenon, the connection is not close enough. There are two small groups: the executive subject represented by the Science and Technology Agency, the Department of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission, and the planning subject represented by the General Office of the People's Government and the General Office of the Provincial Party Committee. There are overspill and insufficient use of policy tools as well as the incompatibility between policy tools and enterprise life cycle. At the same time, due to the unbalanced structure of policy tools there is the overflow risk and the effect is insufficient.#br#The research shows that the government gives more consideration to policy operation and temporary implementation, and the policy stability is still insufficient. The imbalance of tool applications illustrates that the government in Sichuan province haven’t made full use of policy tools, and the overall government concept is not formed, the cooperation between government departments is also not enough, thus it’s difficult to form policy synergy. In order to cope with the problem of Sichuan policy tools in practice, government departments can consider from the following aspects. The first is to strengthen the synergy of the department, because the current policy lacks authority and operability, and there is little cooperation between different government departments. The second is to adjust the tool structure, optimize internal layout and appropriately reduce the frequency of use of supply policy tools. The government should pay attention to environmental policy tools, create a tolerant and open innovative ecological environment, break through administrative regional boundaries and promote agglomeration of resources and cross-border integration. It is suggested to apply demand-based policy tools, such as government procurement, trade control and consumer subsidies. The last is to strengthen the matching of policy tools and life cycles. The development of innovation is continuous, and the application of policy tools must match life cycle rules, and the policy tools should be reasonably applied in each link to avoid waste of resources.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 122-131 [Abstract] ( 150 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1923KB] ( 185 )
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
132 Construction of Extended Model of Knowledge Hiding Behavior Based on TPB
Liu Huan,An Liren
In the era of knowledge economy, organizational managers try to encourage employees to share knowledge behavior through various strategies so as to improve organizational competitiveness and economic benefits. But under the division of labor management mode, knowledge sharing between employees is not easy to happen. Existing scholars have found that many employees are not willing to share their knowledge, and tend to hoard or hide knowledge, and further research results show that employees take knowledge hidden behavior by obstructing knowledge circulation and have a negative impact on individuals and organizations. Therefore it is worth of further analysis of knowledge hidden behavior.#br#By combing through the existing research, the study concludes the following deficiencies. First, the existing research is relatively scattered, and there is the need to construct a comprehensive and systematic theoretical framework to clarify the formation path of knowledge hidden behavior and the internal link between the influencing factors. Given the complexity of the occurrence of individual behavior, the study of knowledge hidden behavior based on a theory and variables obviously does not conform to the law of individual behavior, and thus it is insufficient to explain the occurrence mechanism of individual knowledge hidden behavior. Next, knowledge hiding willingness is key to understanding the complex knowledge hiding behavior process. Existing research equates knowledge hiding willingness to knowledge hiding behavior, and makes no distinction between knowledge hidden will and knowledge hiding behavior; it fails to explicitly state whether the antecedent variables has an effect on knowledge hidden willingness or knowledge hiding behavior. Third it is uncertain if the transformation between willingness to hide knowledge and knowledge hidden behavior is affected by other variables. In view of the above problems, this study with TPB as the basic theoretical framework is from the perspective of social psychology, and concludes the economic, social and psychological factors based on motivation theory, social exchange theory, psychological possession theory, etc. to build knowledge hidden behavior expansion model, and then forms a more systematic knowledge hidden behavior interpretation system.#br#This study constructs an expansion model of knowledge hidden behavior based on the literature research method, and puts forward the following findings. First, knowledge hidden attitude is affected by psychological distance and outcome expectations, Knowledge hiding subjective norms are influenced by network conventions in the structure of an organizational network, Knowledge hidden perceptual behavior control is affected by knowledge power and knowledge psychological ownership. Second, knowledge hidden willingness is influenced by knowledge hidden behavior attitude, knowledge hidden subjective norms, knowledge hidden perceived behavior control and past behaviors. Knowledge hidden willingness and knowledge hidden perceptual behavior control predict the occurrence of knowledge hidden behavior; while innovation atmosphere, dual leadership and big fifth personality play a moderating role between knowledge hidden will and knowledge hidden behavior.#br#The extended model reveals the formation path of employees'knowledge-hiding behavior and the internal relations among the influencing factors. In a specific organizational environment, under the influence of a series of exogenous variables, including result expectation, psychological distance, network convention, knowledge power and knowledge psychological ownership, the more positive the knowledge owner’s attitude to knowledge hiding behavior is, the greater influence of the network knot and the more benefits obtained from the knowledge hiding behavior in the past, the stronger the willingness to take knowledge hiding behavior, and the greater chance of knowledge hiding behavior. In the process of employees'knowledge-hiding intention changing into knowledge-hiding behavior, the intensity of the transformation between the two is influenced by group, organizational context and individual characteristics, and organizational context involves innovation climate, encirclement and dual leadership.#br#The construction of the above expansion model helps to improve the interpretation of TPB and expand the scope of application, and it provides an in-depth understanding of the behavior logic behind employees' knowledge hidden behavior, and is of great theoretical significance and practical value for reducing knowledge hidden behavior, promoting knowledge flow, and formulating management system.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 132-140 [Abstract] ( 198 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1255KB] ( 408 )
141 Routine Replication and Environmental Munificence Mediation of Human Capital and Knowledge Transfer
Liu Jingdong,Wu Huimin
Effective knowledge transfer is a prerequisite for improving innovation capabilities. It has become an inexhaustible driving force for the sustainable development of enterprises to cross the organizational boundary, integrate and utilize the innovative knowledge needed by enterprises by human capital, so as to stimulate the function and efficiency of knowledge and cultivate R&D ability. In recent years, some studies have begun to pay attention to human capital on knowledge transfer. At the same time, the intrinsic conduction mechanism of routine replication has always been the core issue of management research, and has a positive impact on knowledge transfer. Human capital needs to find a valid passage of knowledge exchange and joint behavior through conventional replication. It is necessary to focus on the perspective of knowledge and deeply analyze the mechanism of convention replication between human capital and knowledge transfer. In addition, as an open organizational system, enterprises have different levels of support. Managers need to adjust knowledge sharing behavior accordingly to see if the favorable market and the reform of economic system will promote or inhibit information sharing among enterprises. Therefore, this brings the question to this research: no matter what kind of human capital and knowledge transfer behavior enterprises carry out, the turbulence and uncertainty of the external environment will change with the shift of the economic system. Can the external environment munificence have an impact on this kind of knowledge transfer behavior?#br#Considering the above problem, this study combines with the theory of knowledge-based view on the basis of discriminating generalist human capital and professional human capital, and introduces practice replication and environmental tolerance to explores the relationship between professionals and generalists, conventional and flexible practice replication and external environment, and reveals the impact of organizational member characteristics on cross organizational knowledge transfer.#br#This study investigates 246 domestic firms' information and employing multivariate regression model to study the relationship between specialists, generalists and knowledge transfer, as well as the moderation of environmental munificence and routine replication.The findings reveal that specialists and generalists has a positive effect on knowledge transfer performance, and there is a partial mediation effect of routines replication and flexible routines in the relation between specialist-s and generalists and knowledge transfer performance. In addition, environmental munificence has a negative moderating effect on the relation between routines replication and flexible routines and knowledge transfer performance. Thus, there exists a mediated mediation effect. In other words, the lower environmental munificence is, the stronger mediating effect of routines replication.#br#This article has some theoretical significance. Firstly, in order to solve the complexity of knowledge transfer, this paper helps to explore the knowledge transfer performance brought by different roles under human capital. Secondly, human capital can help employees to clarify different units of skills in the organization, catalyze the efficiency of information interaction between organizational and employees by formulating the promotion and exploratory learning ability, thereby improving knowledge transfer efficiency. Finally, in different innovation environments, routine practice replication and flexible formula replication have a certain impact on knowledge transfer performance. When environmental munificence is at a low level, the organization competes more fiercely for critical resources and market competitions. Enterprises should make more use of exploration ability to improve their knowledge level and provide a knowledge base for organizational innovation activities, so as to enhance their competitive advantage.#br#In future research, data collection can be extended to different regions, and continuous tracking research can be adopted to deeply analyze the changes of knowledge transfer in different life cycles. Factors such as emotional commitment, leadership style can be taken into consideration in future research. This study only reveals its impact on knowledge transfer performance from the perspective of human capital, but ignores the impact of interpersonal network on member characteristics to explore and utilize knowledge needs through routine replication. Therefore, future research can study the dynamic evolution model of knowledge dissemination under interpersonal network in combination with different role attributes.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 141-150 [Abstract] ( 126 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1223KB] ( 210 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
151 The Influence of Learning Goal Orientation on Employee Creativity:A Meta-analytic Structural Equation Model
Ding Chen,Wang Shaogong,Zhao Shuming
As an important factor affecting employees' cognition and behaviors, learning goal orientation has an indirect impact on employee creativity. It is quite necessary and possible to clarify its explanation mechanism and boundary conditions.By reflecting on the different perspectives of existing empirical studies, it shows that the research results of learning goal orientation and employee creativity vary in identified linear correlation, inverted U-shaped correlation and S-shaped correlation. This paper assesses these different conclusions to clarify the effects on employee creativity caused by different levels of learning goal orientation. When it comes to the explanation mechanism between learning goal orientation and its influence on employee creativity, recent studies use a single theory perspective, either social cognitive theory or knowledge management theory as their analytical framework. Social cognitive theory attaches great importance on employee confidence, but fails to illustrate how employee confidence transforms into actions of employee creativity. Knowledge management theory stresses the actions taken by employees, but also ignores how learning goal orientation changes into actions on employee creativity. Combining both social cognitive theory and knowledge management theory as theoretical framework, this paper aims to better explicate the relationship between learning goal orientation and employee creativity. #br#Further, recent research has not paid sufficient attention to the moderating effect of learning goal orientation. This paper focuses on how situational and measurement factors impact existing conclusions and identifies the boundary conditions of learning goal orientation influence on employee creativity. Among situational factors, employee characteristics divide micro-situations among the participants; corporate characteristics help identify meso-situations of participants′ creativity; and cultural background indicates how macro-situations affect participants′ thoughts and behaviors. Among the measurement factors, analysis of measurement tools and measurement methods provides insights into the dynamic relationship between variables.#br#A meta-analysis helps combine the existing independent research results and enable researchers to research the boundary conditions while controlling participants' characteristics as well as to testify the explanation mechanism through matrix computation of a structural equation model. On the basis of 83 empirical studies and 87 independent samples, this study uses Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 2.0 to analyze the relationship between learning goal orientation and employee creativity at individual and team levels. ANOVA is used in the meta-analysis to calculate average effect size in each group and research the moderating effects of individual characteristics, corporate characteristics, cultural background and the measurement factors comprising measurement tools and measurement methods; and the mediating effect of creative self-efficacy and knowledge sharing through meta-analytic structural equation models (MASEM) are explored with the help of Amos 26.0.#br#The results show that firstly there is a significant positive correlation between learning goal orientation and employee creativity. The level of learning goal orientation differentiates its influence, and the correlation coefficient at the team level is greater. However, learning goal orientation at the team level is not a simple aggregation at the individual level, but forms a kind of learning goal orientation that pays attention to the cognition of the overall goal. Secondly learning goal orientation produces a positive effect on employee creativity by raising creative self-efficacy or promoting knowledge sharing. Besides, there is an internal chain mediating relationship between creative self-efficacy and knowledge sharing or creative self-efficacy can promote knowledge sharing, further raising employee creativity. Thirdly situational factors, comprising of individual characteristics, corporate characteristics and cultural background, have a significant impact on the main effect. With situational factors like Neozoic employees, knowledge workers, high-tech enterprises, enterprises in developed regions and enterprises in China, learning goal orientation has a positive influence on employee creativity. Fourthly the moderating effect of measurement tools and methods is prominent. Vandewalle scale has the closet correlation with the practice of corporate management. Common measurement is likely to cause common method biases, while measuring with time interval can reduce common method bias effectively, providing a more reliable reflection of dynamic relationship between different variables.#br#This paper is conducted not only to find the theoretical basis for the relationship between learning goal orientation and employee creativity, but also to offer guidelines for the practice of learning goal orientation in creativity management. The results recommend that a company′s human resource departments should pay attention to an employee′s learning goal orientation capacity and cultivate this capacity steadily. Further, the company should be well prepared in spiritual resourcing employee creativity, establish an internal knowledge sharing system andencourage the knowledge sharing to induce creative thoughts. Finally, the company should make a proper plan for cultivating learning goal orientation capacity based on factors like employee and corporate characteristics.#br#
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1337KB] ( 285 )
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