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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.21
Published 2022-11-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
Review
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 The Differences and Regional Network in Patent Transactions from the Perspective of Innovation subjects
Zhao Xiaojuan,Cui Hongda
In innovation-driven economic development, the generation and transaction of innovation technologies have great theoretical and practical significance for improving national scientific and technological competitiveness and cultivating new economic momentum. China's 14th Five-Year Plan puts forward to adhere to innovation-driven development and improve the intellectual property protection and utilization system. The key to the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy lies in cultivating and improving the innovation ability of innovation subjects. Patent is the important manifestation of innovation achievements and the patent transactions determine the efficiency of innovation applications. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the patent transactions of innovation subjects the comprehensive understanding of the nature and the development of innovation. Presently, there are four main innovation subjects in China including universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises and individuals. Due to the different organizational types, strategic goals and technical capabilities of different innovation subjects, their patent transactions are also different. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the differences in patent transactions of four types of innovation subjects. Patent license and patent assignment are the major types of traditional patent transactions with different characteristics. The existing studies have focused on either patent license or patent assignment of one type of innovation subjects such as university but there is a lack of comparison and discussion on patent license and assignment of different types of innovation subjects. In this paper, targeted measures can be taken precisely to promote the capabilities of patent management and operation for innovation subjects through summarizing the status quo and problems of patent license and patent assignment of different innovation subjects. Furthermore, theoretical and empirical supports for building an innovative country are provided.#br#Firstly, the background and significance of the study are expounded, and then research questions are put forward by sorting out the deficiencies of extant literature followed by the theoretical basis and methods of the study.Finally, characteristics and differences of patent transactions and regional flow network of different types of innovation subjects are analyzed by statistical analysis and social network analysis based on the data of licensed and assigned patent of universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises and individuals in 2018. This study is carried out using Ucinet and Netdraw.#br#Results show that of different types of innovation subjects have various patent transaction characteristics. Enterprises and individuals are more inclined to patent assignment, while universities and scientific research institutions are more inclined to patent licensing. In addition, technological innovation in universities is mainly reflected in the process and method of basic science. Scientific research institutions and enterprises have strong strength in both innovation modes of process and product in basic science and applied research, while individuals are better at product innovation in applied research. The social network analysis shows that the geographical scope of patent transactions is also different. The technology transactions of universities and scientific research institutions mainly occur in the province driving the local technological progress and economic development. While technology transactions of enterprises and individuals could affect the technological progress of more province, even all over of China. In addition, provinces in the eastern and southeastern regions have a good performance in provincial patent transactions with the higher network density of all innovation subjects than that of other regions. Based on the results, suggestions are provided to different types of innovation subjects, technology demanders, third-party technical service organizations, and policymakers, motivating the national strategy of “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”.#br#The novelty of this paper is that it deepens the understanding of the patent transactions of different types of innovation subjects. Results of this study can help to improve the efficiency of patent transactions by reducing the information asymmetry. In addition, for the first time, it revealed the differences in patent transaction of different types of innovation subjects and deepened the understanding of patent licensing and assignment, exploring the advantages and disadvantages of patent transactions of different innovation subjects. Furthermore, this study enriches the technology transfer theory and broadens the perspective of patentometric. It is beneficial for improving the patent transaction for regions according to local conditions and circumstances. Overall,the study not only makes up for the lack of theoretical research on improving the efficiency of patent transactions for different innovation subjects, but also provides new ideas for comprehensively promoting patent transactions.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 372 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2544KB] ( 253 )
12 The Structure Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of Intelligent Connected Vehicle's Transnational Technical Cooperation Network
Li Yaya,Zhang Xinyue,Luo Jianqiang,Peng Yongtao
Intelligent connected vehicle technology is the frontier field and disruptive technology. Compared with traditional technologies, it has a high degree of complexity and uncertainty in their research and development process, therefore it relies more on external resources for collaborative innovation. Since intelligent connected vehicle technology is a frontier technology in global competition, what are the structural characteristics of collaborative innovation in intelligent connected vehicle technology? What is the internal driving mechanism? It has important theoretical and practical significance for realizing the intelligent transformation of the automobile industry by exploring the above questions.#br#Drawing on the global intelligent connected vehicle patent cooperation data from 2006 to 2018, this paper constructs the intelligent connected vehicle multinational technology cooperation network matrix. On this basis, the social network analysis method and the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) are used to demonstrate the topological structure characteristics and driving mechanism of the intelligent connected vehicle's transnational technical cooperation network. The marginal contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, the existing multinational cooperation network research focuses on solar technology and nanotechnology, and mainly reveal the driving mechanism of cooperation networks from the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity, and lack of attention to the impact of government policy support.While this paper focuses on the field of intelligent networked vehicles. and specifically examines the driving role of policy support intensity. Moreover, considering the stages, regions and different combinations of policy strengths in the evolution of the cooperation network, the heterogeneity characteristics of the intelligent connected vehicle's transnational technical cooperation network are discussed from the above dimensions.#br#On the basis ofthe analysis, this study has the following findings. (1) From the start-up stage to the growth stage of technological development, the number of countries participating in the technical cooperation of intelligent connected vehicles is increasing rapidly, but the overall cooperation network is not yet complete and standardized. (2) The United States is the hub of the cooperation network. The traditional technological powers led by the United States and Germany occupies an absolute central position in the intelligent connected vehicle's technology cooperation network, and the network has an obvious core-periphery structure. (3) Block model results indicate that the pattern of global intelligent connected vehicle technological cooperation centers on core countries and is led by core countries and strong semi-peripheral countries. (4) Technological proximity, social proximity and policy intensity are the main driving forces of the evolution of transnational technology cooperation network of intelligent connected vehicles, which positively affect the evolution of transnational technology cooperation relationship. With the passage of time, the effect of geographical distance and institutional distance on the technical cooperation of intelligent and connected vehicles becomes insignificant. (5) The driving factors of the intelligent connected vehicle transnational technical cooperation network have the characteristics of heterogeneity in the three dimensions of development stage, region and policy intensity. (6) There is particularity in the driving mechanism of transnational technical cooperation of intelligent connected vehicle, that is, the state needs to offer policy support to help enterprises reduce R & D risks, provide favorable policy guarantee and promote the breakthrough of technical cooperation and innovation.#br#The above findings indicate that a more open attitude is expected in the participation in the R&D cooperation of intelligent connected vehicle technology. It is essential strengthen technical cooperation with the core countries of the network and accelerate the diffusion of global intelligent connected vehicle technology. Besides, the government should also increase the intensity of policy support and provide enterprises with more funds, regulations and institutional support and guarantee, so that enterprises are more likely to overcome the obstacles of innovation and achieve technological breakthroughs through independent innovation and transnational technological cooperation innovation. The governments should also promote technological cooperation and innovation in the field of intelligent networked vehicles within continents, and actively guide technological cooperation and innovation across continents to promote the diffusion of cutting-edge technologies. This research focuses on the technical cooperation of intelligent networked vehicles at the national level. In the future, it can be extended to the regional and enterprise levels to systematically describe the technical cooperation of intelligent networked vehicles at different levels.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 12-22 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1673KB] ( 306 )
23 Construction of the Evolutionary Model of Venture Capital Network Community: An Exploratory Research Based on Grounded Theory
Zhang Chen,Dang Xinghua
As a key element of innovation and entrepreneurship investment and financing market, venture capital plays an important role in promoting the construction of innovation-oriented nation of China.At present, China's innovation and entrepreneurship is facing the problem of uneven distribution of service resources, especially the uneven distribution of financing proportion.However, as one of the key investment strategies for capital aggregation and resource exchange between venture capital companies, syndication has been widely applied in the venture capital industry and promoted the emergence of venture capital network with the trend of continuous dynamic adjustment.With the development of venture capital network, the partner selection preference of venture capital firms promotes the emergence of network community phenomenon, and with the passing of time, the phenomenon of community becomes more and more significant, and the number and scale of community increase significantly.Although existing researches have paid attention to venture capital network community, they have ignored its dynamic evolution process.Therefore, it is urgent to sort out the components of the research on the evolution of venture capital network community, integrate the causal relationship between the elements, realize the sustainable evolution of efficient venture capital network community, and optimize the ecological environment of innovation and entrepreneurship in China.#br#Existing studies have focused on the phenomenon of community in venture capital networks and the positive impact of community on the development of venture capital industry and new ventures, but there is still a lack of direct research on the evolution of community in venture capital networks.Although the influencing factors of syndication partner selection are somewhat similar to those of the evolution of venture capital network community, there are significant differences in subject scope and meaning dimension.In addition, existing researches focus on the the final result of evolution of venture capital network community, and pay little attention to the evolution process, and lack research to connect the evolution cause, evolution process and evolution result.#br#Using the method of in-depth interview, this paper collects data from the employees of representative venture capital companies,explores the influencing factors and paths of the evolution of venture capital network community based on the grounded theory, and extracts five categories of "two-dimensional proximity", "enterprise status", "community embeddedness", "community bond evolution" and "community structure evolution", and sort out "community evolution" as the core category.On the basis of this, the paper constructs the action path of "cause-process-result" and the overall model of the evolution of venture capital network community.#br#It is found that community embeddedness, two-dimensional proximity and firm status are the influential factors of the evolution of venture capital network communities with significant hierarchical differences.Firm status is the influential factor at the micro-subject level, including the market position and community position.Two-dimensional proximity, including geographic proximity and cognitive proximity, is the influencing factor at the binary-relation level.Community embeddedness, including relationship embeddedness and structure embeddedness, is an influential factor at the community level.The evolution of community ties is an essential element in the evolution of venture capital network community, including the dynamic of community ties from formation, maintenance to dissolution.The evolution of community structure is the element and final result of the evolution of venture capital network community, which can be directly presented through the network topology.Specifically, the evolution of community structure is finally reflected in the evolution of clustering, status asymmetry, and accessibility.Two-dimensional proximity, firm status, and community embeddedness directly affect the evolution of venture capital network community ties.The gradual accumulation of the evolution of venture capital network community ties leads the evolution of the venture capital network community structure.#br#This paper has constructed the path and overall model of the venture capital network community evolution, enriched the meso perspective of venture capital network research, integrated the research perspective of influencing factors on the evolution of venture capital network community and deepened the dynamic cognition of the venture capital network community.The results can provide suggestions for government departments to formulate relevant policies to promote venture capital and entrepreneurship, and improve the efficient operation of venture capital network communities.Researchers can carry out empirical research and simulation analysis on the basis of existing research conclusions, further verify the research conclusions of this paper, and combine qualitative research and quantitative research to enhance the scientific nature and effectiveness of the research conclusions.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 23-32 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2665KB] ( 178 )
Regional Scientific Development
33 Inter-city Environmental Regulation Heterogeneity and Green Innovation Quality: A Knowledge Influence Perspective
Lin Ziqiu,Li Yingbo
Green innovation is an important method of decoupling economic growth from the perspective of environmental pollution. As global climate change, energy shortage and sustainable development issues are gaining increasing attention, so is the demand for such innovations. Green innovation covers green product innovation, green process innovation, cleaner production technology innovation, and pollutant end-of-pipe management innovation. Although various studies have not yet reached a unified definition of the concept of green innovation, most researches cover the two objectives of green innovation, i.e., reducing natural resource dependence and reducing pollution emissions. In contrast to green innovation behavior, green innovation quality is innovation outcome-oriented, and technological complexity, economic efficiency, and technological impact are the main ways to measure green innovation quality.#br#Environmental regulation policy is considered to be an important tool to promote green innovation against the "double market failure". In recent years, the central and local governments in China have paid more attention to environmental protection issues than ever. The amount of investment and financial expenditure in environmental protection have been increasing year by year, but the quantitative increase in China’s innovation has not been accompanied by a qualitative improvement. This phenomenon raises the question of how China's environmental regulatory affect the quality of green innovation. At present, environmental regulation in China is mainly decentralized, and the differences in the implementation of environmental regulation standards by local governments have led to inter-city heterogeneity in environmental regulation. As the central government pays more and more attention to environmental protection, the "bottom-up competition" among local governments is changing to an asymmetrical pattern of "bottom-up competition" and "race to the top". The heterogeneous regulation among cities directly affects the green innovation behavior of subjects within their jurisdictions. In answering the question of the impact of heterogeneity of environmental regulations on urban green innovation, most of the existing studies focus on corporate incentives and pollution transfer: the main arguments are the "Porter Hypothesis" and the "Pollution Paradise". However, the quality of green innovation is different from the quantity of green innovation or green innovation activities. While the incentives and responses of the innovators are important, the knowledge base in innovation often has a more important impact on the quality of innovation. The diversity, complexity and uncertainty of the knowledge base of green innovation is more pronounced than that of non-green innovation.#br#Environmental regulation, as an institutional response to public environmental demands, transfers environmental pressure into the selection of specific knowledge and the reshaping of knowledge structures through standard setting and attention guidance, enabling polluting emitters and green innovators to adjust their technological orientation and change their innovation inputs and knowledge production. However, existing studies have generally paid insufficient attention to the knowledge influence role of environmental regulation. Therefore this paper introduces a knowledge influence perspective to analyze the relationship between inter-city environmental regulation heterogeneity and green innovation quality. #br#Drawing on the panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China, this paper introduces a knowledge influence perspective to analyze the mechanism of environmental regulation’s inter-city difference on green innovation quality. A negative binomial regression model is employed to fit the count data. It is found that (1) neighbor cities’ high environmental regulation has a suppressive effect on local green innovation quality; (2) neighbor cities’ high environmental regulation affects local green innovation quality through mechanisms of inter-cities’ "knowledge breadth reduction effect" and "knowledge distance expansion effect"; (3) the above relationship is moderated by the inter-city knowledge balance. Effect of neighbor cities’ high environmental regulation on local green innovation quality turns from negative to positive when the inter-city knowledge balance is high.#br#The contributions of this study include the following three aspects. First, high-quality patents and the number of patent citations are introduced to reflect the quality of urban green innovation, and inter-city environmental regulation heterogeneity and green innovation quality are integrated into a unified analytical framework, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the high-quality local environmental governance. Second, a mediation mechanism of environmental regulation affecting green innovation based on knowledge width and knowledge distance is proposed. Accordingly, the policy recommendations are proposed to provide a theoretical basis for local governments to carry out collaborative environmental governance and build a complementary pattern of environmental and technology policies.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 33-44 [Abstract] ( 326 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1844KB] ( 343 )
45 Evolution and Driving Factors of Green Technology Transfer Network in the Yangtze River Delta
Huang Yongchun,Qian Xinyi,Yan Xiang,Zou chen
Green technology transfer is the key link of high-quality integrated development in Yangtze River Delta, and it can provide technical support for achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.Yangtze River Delta is the regional representative with the most active economic development, the highest degree of openness and the strongest innovation ability in China.It is also the demonstration and pilot area of national green development and collaborative innovation.The economic development of Yangtze River Delta has entered a new stage of improving quality and efficiency.In this context, Yangtze River Delta has achieved remarkable results in environmental governance, active technology transfer, and green technology has gradually got rid of external dependence.However, the imbalance of regional development level of green technology is obvious and the polarization is serious.#br#In order to accurately grasp the direction of green technology transfer in Yangtze River Delta and reasonably promote the development of green technology transfer, this paper takes 41 cities in Yangtze River Delta as the research object, uses the directional green patent transfer data from 2012 to 2019, constructs the inter city green technology transfer spatial correlation network with the help of social network analysis, and reveals its basic characteristics and evolution trend from the overall and individual levels.It also analyzes the impact mechanism, in order to stimulate the vitality of green technology transfer and carbon emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta, strengthen collaborative innovation among cities and solve the unbalanced and insufficient green development in Yangtze River Delta.The study provides reference for the realization of high-quality integrated development in Yangtze River Delta, and empirical evidence for China's realization of double carbon goal and green and low-carbon transformation.#br#The results show that firstly in the integration process of Yangtze River Delta, the spatial correlation network of green technology transfer is becoming more and more dense, presenting a multi-threaded network structure.Although the network structure is becoming more and more stable and the level of strictness is reduced, the characteristics of polarization are obvious, and there is still room for improvement.Secondly during the investigation period, the green technology transfer in Yangtze River Delta showed a "core edge" network structure, forming the spatial distribution characteristics with Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Hefei as the strong core and Zhenjiang, Nantong, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Bengbu and Wuhu as the subcore.The polarization phenomenon and diffusion path of green technology transfer between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai increased, and the remoter cities in Anhui are not actively involved in this.Thirdly the spatial heterogeneity of green technology transfer in Yangtze River Delta is significant.The network forms four types of plates: two-way spillover, broker, net spillover and net spillover.Eastern developed cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou and Wuxi can be classified as two-way spillover plates.Cities such as Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Nantong and Hefei belong to broker plates.Lianyungang, Suqian, Xuancheng, Huangshan and other cities can be included in the net overflow plate, while Lu'an, Quzhou and Fuyang belong to the net overflow plate respectively.The transmission path of interaction between core cities and transmission between core edge cities shows an obvious Matthew effect and forms a stepped development pattern.Fourthly the links of economy, finance, geographical location and environmental regulation between cities have a significant role in promoting the spatial relevance of green technology transfer in Yangtze River Delta.The negative effect of government support for scientific research and education is obvious, while the link of industrial structure has no obvious effect, which needs to be strengthened.On this basis, this paper puts forward targeted strategic suggestions from the following aspects: grasping the overall connected network structure, expanding the transfer channels of green technology, implementing policy regulation for the role and status of urban network and differentiation, promoting the flow and sharing of intercity elements, and enabling the diffusion and application of green technology.#br#There is still room for further research in this paper.Firstly, green technology transfer includes various forms.In addition to patent transfer, there are also other forms such as talent flow, commodity trading, investment spillover and so on.Secondly, enterprises, universities, scientific research institutes and other different types of subjects are bound to have behavioral differences in the process of green technology transfer.In the future,scholars can expand the research on the embedded integration of green technology in different industrial chains, value chains and talent chains from a micro perspective, and conduct research based on the main types, industries, transfer forms and dynamic heterogeneity of green technology transfer, and explore the strategic suggestions to promote green technology transfer from a multi-dimensional perspective.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 45-55 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4905KB] ( 205 )
56 Analysis of the Agglomeration Effect in High-tech Enterprise Patent Cooperation Network of Zhongguancun Science Park
Guan Jun,Ren Jiaqi,Xing Lizhi,Xu Jingying
Zhongguancun Science Park is the first independent innovation demonstration area in China, and it has nurtured many high-tech enterprises. Innovation can arise from increasingly complex interactions between local, national, individuals, businesses and other knowledge institutions. With the development of knowledge economy, the simple chain innovation mode is gradually transformed into the complex innovation network mode. Patenting activity is a typical way for profit-seeking entities to reap rewards from their inventions and innovations, and patent cooperation networks have also become a manifestation of innovation networks. Patent cooperation network refers to the relationship formed by different innovative entities through cooperative patent application, as well as the technology diffusion mechanism in the process. Thus this paper systematically describes the cooperative patent application network of high-tech zones represented by Zhongguancun Science Park, and discusses the role of different types of innovative entities in the cooperative network.#br#This study aims to provide a new framework for analyzing the path of technology diffusion in the innovation network at the regional level and industrial level respectively, which is conducive to the integration of innovation resources, the coordinated development of innovative subjects, and the improvement of innovation abilities. It is important to understand quantitatively how high-tech enterprise cooperates with others in patent application over time, for it affects how cooperative mechanism is organized and technology transferred. This paper establishes a regional cooperative patent application network with the help of the cooperative patent application relationship among high-tech enterprises in the Park. The cooperative patent community based on complex network theory can better reflect the cooperation and communication mode of patent applicants, which is beneficial to explore the relationship between enterprises, institutions, academic institutions and scientific research institutes. #br#In this research, the high-tech enterprise patent cooperation network (HEPCN) model from 2008—2017 based on the Zhongguancun Science Park patent cooperation data. The overall characteristics of patents in the Z-park and the distribution characteristics of patents in different parks and technical fields are firstly summarized. Then the Louvain hierarchical clustering community division algorithm and the modularity Q function as the community structure description index are used to identify the community in the patent network data of high-tech enterprises in the Park from 2008 to 2017. The top five community data are used to analyze the overall characteristics and internal characteristics of the network community structure.The influencing factors of cooperative patent application community and the evolution path of the community can be confirmed by clustering analysis on the cooperative patent application situation of enterprises.#br#The following conclusions are concluded by the above analysis. Firstly the cooperative patent application network presents a significant community structure, and the cooperation between communities has been strengthened. Most of the core communities in the network have the characteristics of leader communities, and the degree values of key nodes in the network are quite different from other nodes. Some sub-core communities have self-organization characteristics. Secondly the associations formed by universities and their spin-off enterprises have an advantage in the early stage of the formation of the cooperative patent application network, being larger associations in the network. Thirdly the intra-community cooperation model has gradually changed from the affinity type to the industry-related type. There are cooperative patent application societies based on common technical needs among enterprises, which is conducive to alleviate the negative effects of the affinity type cooperation model and expanding the scope and scale of knowledge exchange and resource sharing. Lastly large-scale state-owned enterprises in the energy industry such as electric power play a radiating and driving role in the community due to extensive technical cooperation and exchanges.#br#Given the complexity and diversity of the relationship between high-tech enterprises in the patent cooperation network, this paper expands the research perspective of enterprise innovation cooperation and technology exchange, examines the technology related issues of enterprises from the perspective of patent cooperation network, and reveals the mutual relationship between high-tech enterprises in patent cooperation relation. Through index measurement and community division, the roles of different types of enterprises in the network are quantified, the internal dynamic mechanism of network development is clarified, the theoretical support system of enterprise innovation and development is enriched, and the analysis method of patent cooperation network is supplemented.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 56-64 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3729KB] ( 227 )
Industrial Technological Progress
65 Dynamic Innovation Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors of Listed Companies in Strategic Emerging Industries：A Study Based on Two-stage DSBM Model and Tobit Model
Zeng Zhuoqi,Wang Yue
As China's economy enters the new normal, it is essential to speed up the cultivation of innovative industries, improve the quality and efficiency of scientific and technological innovation development, and promote national economic growth through innovation. The strategic emerging industries are the pillar industries and leading industries of the national economy. In recent years, China's R&D investment and R&D scale have been increasing, and the total R&D expenditure in 2019 ranked second in the world. However, according to the assessment of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the global innovation index report, China's innovation index in 2020 only ranked the 14th in the world. The above contrast shows that the innovation input and output have not been increased in proportion, and the innovation efficiency is low. The problem of improving innovation efficiency needs to be solved. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainable development of China's strategic emerging industries, it is necessary to "open the black box", measure and analyze the innovation efficiency of listed companies in strategic emerging industries and its influencing factors.#br#Enterprises are the main body of innovation, and their innovation ability is closely related to the progress and quality of China's scientific and technological innovation system construction. This paper takes 873 listed companies in strategic emerging industries as the research object. At first, this study uses the DEA method and output-oriented DSBM model to measure the dynamic innovation efficiency of the whole and seven key industries in two stages. From the micro enterprise level, the paper proposes for the first time to take the growth of operating revenue, operating revenue and the growth rate of operating revenue as the innovation output in the transformation stage of technological achievements, measures and compares the corresponding innovation efficiency. The results show that it is more realistic to take the growth of operating revenue as the innovation output; the innovation efficiency of each industry is heterogeneous. Then, on the basis of the measurement results of innovation efficiency, this study further uses the Tobit model to analyze the factors that affect the innovation efficiency of enterprises. It is shown that in the stage of technology research and development, enterprise scale, ROA, R&D intensity, labor quality and enterprise nature have positive impacts on the innovation efficiency, but R&D personnel, R&D investment, enterprise age and government subsidies have negative impacts. While in the stage of technological achievement transformation, the authorized patent for invention, enterprise scale, ROA, R&D intensity and labor quality have a positive impact on innovation efficiency, while the total numbers of employees, R&D expenditure, enterprise age, government subsidies and enterprise type have negative impacts on innovation efficiency.#br#According to the research conclusions, it is essential to improve the innovation mode and stimulate the independent innovation ability of enterprises; the resource integration, growth and development of small and medium-sized enterprises should be greatly supported to improve their overall competitiveness; it is necessary to rationally plan and arrange innovation investment and increase the proportion of high-quality scientific and technological personnel; the government should strengthen supervision and guidance, and introduce preferential policies and measures; lastly, we should it is also significant to improve the system of independent intellectual property rights and build a joint system of industry, university and research.#br#This paper firstly analyzes the innovation efficiency and its influencing factors of listed companies in strategic emerging industries at the enterprise level by using micro data, enriching the research perspective of relevant literature. Second, different from the traditional static model based on input-oriented to measure the static innovation efficiency in the past, it uses the high-order dynamic model based on output-oriented after considering the output maximization when the innovation input is certain and the dynamic innovation efficiency of the carry-over activities in the connected periods. Finally, considering the lag of innovation output and the different stages of innovation activities, this study examines the innovation efficiency of enterprises using different innovation output indicators in different stages and its influencing factors, which deepens the understanding of the innovation efficiency of enterprises in strategic emerging industries and the factors affecting innovation efficiency.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 65-74 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1254KB] ( 259 )
75 Does Factor Market Distortion Inhibit the Improvement of Green Innovation Efficiency?A Research on the Moderating Effect of High-Tech Industrial Agglomeration
He Zixin,Hui Ning
China has achieved rapid economic development at a huge environmental price. It is a widely-concerned issue of how to realize the "win-win" situation between economic development and ecological environment. Green innovation ensures the coordinated development of economic and environmental benefits, therefore it is vital to improve the national green innovation ability so as to meet the multiple demands of both ecological environment and development. The development of innovation activities is inseparable from the regulation of factor market，and China's factor market is seriously distorted due to the incomplete reform of factor market and the development of factor market still lags behind the development of commodity market，which has a certain negative impact on the flow obstacles of innovation factors and the allocation of innovation resources. Hence it is of great practical significance to explore the improvement of green innovation efficiency from the perspective of factor market.#br#In the above background，this paper takes the inter provincial green innovation efficiency as the research object，and comprehensively investigates the impact of factor market distortion on green innovation efficiency from the perspectives of labor factor market distortion and capital factor market distortion. At the same time，considering the characteristics of high-tech industrial agglomeration on the large-scale，intensive and efficient production activities，as well as the characteristics of knowledge and technology intensive and low energy consumption of high-tech industry itself，this paper discusses the role of high-tech industrial agglomeration in the relationship between factor market distortion and green innovation efficiency，which is also an effective supplement to factor market distortion and green innovation.It empirically studies the relationship among factor market distortion，green innovation efficiency and high-tech industrial agglomeration by using China's inter provincial panel data from 2003 to 2019 and panel fixed effect model and threshold regression method. It is found that factor market distortion will hinder the improvement of green innovation efficiency，while high-tech industrial agglomeration significantly promotes the improvement of green innovation efficiency，and it can weaken the inhibitory effect of factor market distortion on the improvement of green innovation efficiency. The threshold effect shows that under the high degree of high-tech industrial agglomeration，the inhibitory effect of factor market distortion on green innovation efficiency will be reversed，and the above results show significant regional heterogeneity.#br#Combined with the research conclusions，this study provides the following enlightenments. Firstly，it effectively guides the orderly flow of labor factors. The government should make greater efforts to promote the reform of the registered residence system，eliminate the negative impact of urban-rural dualization，gradually implement diversified population development policies，and promote the flow of labor. Secondly，the government should accelerate the market-oriented reform of capital factors. While comprehensively deepening the structural reform of the financial supply side，the government should comprehensively promote the marketization of interest rates，give play to the decisive role of market mechanism in the allocation of financial resources，and provide higher quality financial services for green innovation and development. Thirdly，the government should promote the integrated development of high-tech industries and actively support the construction of various high-tech industrial parks，actively break the market barriers and technical blockades among regions，and promote the development and integration of regional high-tech industries. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid the waste of resources and low efficiency caused by excessive agglomeration.#br#Compared with previous studies, this paper simultaneously brings factor market distortion，high-tech industrial agglomeration and green innovation efficiency into the research framework，analyzes the impact of factor market distortion on green innovation efficiency and the regulatory role of high-tech industrial agglomeration，which enriches the research on green innovation efficiency. Secondly，taking high-tech industrial agglomeration as the threshold variable，it analyzes the threshold characteristics of the impact of factor market distortion on green innovation efficiency，and it is conducive to further improving the accuracy and credibility of the research conclusion. Thirdly，by empirically exploring the linear and nonlinear effects of factor market distortion on the efficiency of green innovation on the overall and sub regional levels，this paper provides a new idea for improving the efficiency of green innovation in the stage of high-quality economic development.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 75-84 [Abstract] ( 229 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1264KB] ( 180 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
85 The Population Symbiosis and Evolution Mechanism of Open Innovation Ecosystem of Firms
Xie Xuemei,Han Yuhang ,Dai Mengxin
Research on the innovation ecosystem has become a hot topic in academia. Existing literature mainly focuses on innovation ecology or open innovation, but relatively few studies combine the two topics and explore their evolution mechanism. Furthermore, most of the literature conducts qualitative analysis on the evolution of innovation ecosystem from the theoretical perspective, while the evolution mechanism of open innovation ecosystem remain under researched. To take one step toward addressing this gap in prior research, this study brings a new perspective on the mechanism of the open innovation ecosystem by using the simulation approach.#br#Following the theory of population ecology and the prior research on open innovation at home and abroad, this study analyzes the evolution mechanism of firms' open innovation ecosystem by constructing an evolution model of the open innovation ecosystem. According to population ecology, this study uses four order parameters to measure the evolution mechanism of the open innovation ecosystem, including eco-network size, eco-network density, eco-network clustering coefficient, and ecological niche. By using MATLAB simulation, this study adopts the BA model with the scale-free network to construct the evolution mechanisms inter-period. Moreover, each period is required to go through 90 cycles of evolution. To reduce the fluctuation and random error, this study takes the average value of the same group of parameters repeated 10 times as the final simulation result. The results of visual simulation show the process that the four parameters evolve from generation to development.#br#The findings show that the evolution process of firms’ open innovation ecosystem includes three periods: viz., the start-up period, the growth period, and the mature period. First, there are genetic behaviors among innovation members and commensalism relationships between populations in the open innovation ecosystem. More specifically, great innovation genes (e.g., knowledge, resources, and technology) of the core members constantly spill out and are accepted by other members through imitation learning. Second, there are variation behaviors among the innovation members and symbiotic relationships between the populations in the open innovation ecosystem so as to acquire new resources, knowledge, and technologies by breaking old conventions. Third, according to genetic and variation behaviors, each innovation member will select innovative resources such as new ideas, new technologies, and new models generated in the process of variation. In other words, there are mutualistic symbiosis relationships between populations. Moreover, the findings reveal that the four order parameters of evolution show the following trends: the scale of the ecological network shows a gradual upward trend in three stages and reaches its maximum in the mature period; the density of the ecological network is in a slow-growing “S” trend in the three stages; the average clustering coefficient of the ecological network grows slowly during both the start-up and the mature period, and grow rapidly during the growth period; while core enterprises occupy the dominant ecological niche in all three stages, and reach the highest in the mature period.#br#In addition, this study examines the evolution mechanism of the open innovation ecosystem by establishing a simulation model to analyze the variation of parameters, thus contributing to the literature on the evolution of the open innovation ecosystem.It divides the development of the open innovation ecosystem into three different periods (the start-up period, the growth period, and the mature period), and analyze the evolution behaviors of ecosystem members, the relationships between members, as well as the characteristics of the innovation ecosystem. Hence, the simulation findings shed light on this complex issue about evolution mechanisms and expand the boundary of open innovation ecosystem research. The results also have significance for policymakers and enterprises to promote a more innovative environment in practice. On the one hand, the government should promote open innovation ecosystem by adjusting the industrial structure and distribution, and it should establish new institutions of cross-boundary innovative products and services, encourage new models of open innovation (including universities, research institutes, and enterprises), and improve the new business environment. On the other hand, enterprises need to actively integrate into the open innovation ecosystem by increasing their innovation investment and thus maintain exchanges of knowledge, resources, and technologies with the other members and explore diversified modes of cooperation in the ecosystem.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 85-95 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3966KB] ( 268 )
96 The Credit Portrait Characteristics of Continuous Innovation Enterprises: The Keyword Iteration Method
Chi Renyong,Dong Ying
Nowadays, China's economic development has stepped into a new normal, and the economic growth mode has changed from factor and investment-driven to innovation-driven. Economic anti-globalization and global economic game make the importance of innovation-driven self-evident. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution have swept many fields of industrial operation and enterprise operation. Against the increasingly complex and turbulent environment, the existing competitive advantages of enterprises gradually become the core rigidity that restricts enterprise development, and the single indirect innovation of enterprises can no longer meet the needs of long-term development of enterprises. In addition, under the condition of market economy, the premise of the survival and development of enterprises is the good faith management. Therefore, the relationship between enterprise credit and enterprise continuous innovation is the focus of this paper. Existing studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between enterprise credit and enterprise continuous innovation, but in-depth and detailed analysis has not been carried out. Therefore, in this paper, the enterprise credit portrait is included in the research framework of enterprise continuous innovation, and CiteSpace analysis is used to find that there is multi-dimensional cross and fusion between enterprise credit and enterprise continuous innovation. It is proved that the research on enterprise credit and enterprise continuous innovation has certain commonality. Further the enterprise credit portrait is depicted from three dimensions of corporate legitimacy, corporate practice and corporate credit culture, and 189 enterprises of NEEQ and GEM from 2010 to 2019 are selected as research samples for empirical test.#br#The results show that corporate practice and credit culture promote R&D investment, and corporate legitimacy and credit culture promote patent application; there are similarities and differences in the credit profiles of enterprises with different duration of continuous innovation, which is mainly reflected in the fact that no matter what kind of continuous innovation stage enterprises are in, the investment in R&D is significant, but the investment in patent application is not significant. However, forcontinuous innovation start-ups, corporate legitimacy has no significant effect on R&D investment and patent application, and corporate credit culture has significant effect on R&D investment and patent application. For senior continuous innovation enterprises, corporate legitimacy has no significant effect on R&D investment, but has significant effect on patent application. Corporate credit culture has a significant effect on R&D investment, but not on patent application.#br#This paper expands the research of enterprise sustainable innovation, reveals the relationship between enterprise credit image and enterprise sustainable innovation from the perspective of credit, interprets the formation mechanism of enterprise decision-making behavior on sustainable innovation, further opens the black box of relevant theories of enterprise innovation development, and helps enterprises to carry out sustainable innovation activities. Moreover, it further reveals that due to the heterogeneity of enterprise continuous innovation, enterprise credit portrait will be different, which to some extent improves the previous research on this aspect. #br#The research results of this paper also have certain guiding significance for practice. Enterprises should correctly understand the influence of the continuous innovation of the enterprise credit and grasp the innovation opportunities; at the same time they should pay attention to enterprise credit combined with continuous innovation advantages, and balance the relationship between the enterprise credit construction and continuous innovation. The government should strengthen credit environment construction, support enterprises to operate in good faith, use big data to form a market credit network and accurately build enterprise credit portrait, so as to promote enterprises to enhance credit awareness and guide enterprises to practice internal skills. Given the characteristics of ecological enterprises in the industry of environmental change, the sustainable innovation strategy of enterprises should be adjusted quickly and quickly, and the support for high-quality sustainable innovation of enterprises should be strengthened.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 96-104 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1925KB] ( 219 )
105 Ruminative Thinking and Entrepreneurship Resilience in Entrepreneurial Failure Context：Evidence from the Internet Industry
Wang Ying,Zhang Hongru,Liang Qi
Entrepreneurial success is not easy and failure is usually inevitable. For entrepreneurs, it is vial to stimulate resilience and quickly recover from failure so as to realize entrepreneurial expectations. As the ability to maintain mental health after negative events, resilience is often closely related to individual emotions and thinking styles, such as rumination. Rumination is a thinking activity that repeats the details of the thinking process after an individual experiences a negative event, and is closely related to future cognition, behavior and development. Most previous studies believe that rumination will increase the psychological burden of entrepreneurs, which is not conducive to their recovery from failure events and hinders entrepreneurial resilience. While this study argues that rumination is a multi-dimensional concept, and it includes intrusive rumination of a negative nature and active rumination of a positive nature. Therefore, the relationship between rumination and entrepreneurial resilience needs to be further studied.#br#This study believes that intrusive rumination emphasizes that entrepreneurs passively and continuously replay their failures in their minds, causing them to fall into repeated experiences and pent-up negative emotions such as self-blame and anxiety, which may reduce self-esteem and increase negative evaluation of entrepreneurial role performance. In addition, when entrepreneurs immersed in intrusive rumination are disturbed by negative cognition for a long time, it will not only make difficult to form the internal drive to solve problems, but also weaken the ability, trust and support of stakeholders, and induce self-denial or self-contempt. Entrepreneurs with low self-confidence lack the intrinsic motivation to resolve the crisis, and they will choose to retreat in the face of challenges, which has a negative effect on recovery and growth after failure. Entrepreneurs who take the initiative to ruminate focus on solving problems, evaluation and improvement of entrepreneurial failures. This thinking activity similar to contemplative learning will help to enhance the entrepreneur's problem-solving ability and self-confidence. Once the entrepreneur has a firm belief in overcoming adversity, self-efficacy will promote the entrepreneur's recovery, adjustment and improvement after failure from many aspects, such as initiating positive self-awareness, improving the level of effort to learn from failure, and maintaining a positive impression management motivation. These factors are positively promote entrepreneurial resilience.#br#This study defines entrepreneurial failure as the behavior of entrepreneurs failing to achieve their expected goals, terminating new ventures or withdrawing from new ventures. Compared with other industries, entrepreneurs in the Internet industry have the characteristics of high failure rate, rapid recovery and reorganization. Therefore，this study collects the data of entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial failure experience in the Internet industry in the Yangtze River Delta region (mainly including Suzhou, Wuxi, Shanghai and Hangzhou). By a questionnaire survey of 323 entrepreneurs with failure experience, it is found that intrusive rumination negatively affects entrepreneurial resilience by weakening self-efficacy; active rumination positively affects entrepreneurial resilience by strengthening self-efficacy; self-efficacy has mediating effect between rumination thinking and entrepreneurial resilience; social support not only regulates the relationship between the two types of ruminant thinking and self-efficacy, but also has a moderating effect on the mediating role of self-efficacy.#br#Further, it is found that entrepreneurial education design in management practice can encourage entrepreneurs to increase active rumination and benefit from failure. In addition, Social support helps entrepreneurs to increase the effectiveness of active rumination and promote entrepreneurial resilience. So, efforts should be made to build an objective and effective social support system to explore the financial subsidy system and special policy preferences for entrepreneurial failures, create a social culture that tolerates failure, etc.These measures can help entrepreneurs to promote entrepreneurial resilience. #br#Future research can examine the impact of social support consistency on entrepreneurial resilience; In future research, experimental methods or second-hand data can be used for comparative verification to improve the robustness of the conclusions. Moreover this study examines the effect of rumination on entrepreneurial resilience, but there are other important variables at the individual and situational levels, such as entrepreneurial commitment, social culture, etc. Future research can integrate these variables and conduct multi-level interactive research. Finally, this study uses the self-report method to collect data. The recall bias and subjective preferences of the respondents may question the objectivity of the data. Future research can use experimental methods or second-hand data for comparison and verification to improve the robustness of the conclusions.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 105-113 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1267KB] ( 321 )
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
114 Calculation and Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of China's National Defense Industry
Ji Jianqiang,Zhong Zhen
As a national strategic industry undertaking the dual mission of national defense construction and economic development, the national defense industry is the field with themost concentratednational defense science and technology innovation, and it is also an important symbol reflecting the level of national defense science and technology. In recent years, in the background of the complex and changeable international situation, the improvement of national defense science and technology innovation, especially the improvement of independent innovation capabilities, has attracted more and more attention from scholars. Most focus on the influencing factors of national defense science and technology innovation, leaving the examination of China's national defense science and technology innovation capabilities and levels rarely touched. Only a small number of scholars have also made preliminary calculations of the innovation of China's national defense science and technology industry, and these documents have measured the total factor productivity, technological progress and technological efficiency of some listed military enterprises, as well as the comprehensive technical efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of some military enterprises. But most of the research uses the data of listed military enterprises, and its innovation efficiency level does not fully represent the overall innovation level of the entire national defense science and technology industry, nor can it better explain the specific sources of changes in national defense scientific and technological innovation capabilities. #br#Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing the current scientific and technological innovation capabilities and levels of China's national defense industry, that is, calculating the innovation of China's national defense science and technology industry, so as to more accurately understand the technological progress of China's national defense industry and better grasp the innovation level of national defense science and technology industry. Moreover it makes further improvements on the basis of existing research. First, the data of large-scale military enterprise group co., LTD. is used so that the calculation results can better represent the main body of China's national defense science and technology industry. Second, the LP method is used for calculation, and the intermediate input replaces the investment in the OP method as a proxy variable, so that the calculation results are more accurate. Third the study not only analyzes the overall characteristics of the total factor productivity of the national defense industry , the change characteristics of subdivided industries and enterprises, it also make comparison between manufacturing and high-tech industries, thus the analysis is more comprehensive.#br#This paper uses the financial report data of China’s 11 large-scale military enterprise group co., LTD. from 2004 to 2020 to calculate the total factor productivity of the defense industry from the micro perspective of the enterprises and analyzes the trend. The results of the study show that during the sample period, the total factor productivity of China's national defense industry is generally fluctuating, and the growth rate is higher than the overall manufacturing level but lower than the growth rate of high-tech industries, indicating that the technological progress of the national defense industry is more obvious, but the rate of progress is not fast enough; there are large differences in the total factor productivity of various subdivisions of the military industry, and the average total factor productivity of the electronics industry and the shipbuilding industry is higher than that of other military industries; the convergence analysis shows that enterprises with low total factor productivity in the national defense industry have a higher rate of enterprises catch-up effect.#br#This paper synthesizes the research results in related fields such as the total factor productivity measurement method of micro enterprises, the technical efficiency measurement and analysis of military enterprises, and the convergence test, and studies the total factor productivity measurement and analysis of military enterprises,providing a reference for further research. The research results have important guiding significance for how to improve the ability of national defense science and technology innovation. The military industry must change its growth model, change to an intensive direction and improve the quality of development. At the same time, the government should increase investment in research and development, provide preferential policies, funds, and technical support to industries with relatively slow technological development, promote the coordinated development of the military industry, and implement the military-civilian integration development strategy and promote the conversion of advanced civilian technology to military use.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 114-123 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1943KB] ( 161 )
124 Could Relevant Policies Create Systematic Space for the Expansion of Civil-Military Resources?An Empirical Evaluation Based on Civil-military Resource Policy
Liu Jida,Dong Changqi,An Shi,Wang Jian
As the civil-military integration enters the stage of in-depth development, how to scientifically coordinate civil-military resources and speed up the effective transformation of civil-military elements has become an important research topic in the need of further analysis. The full expansion and smooth interactions of the national defense function of social resources and the civil function of national defense resources are both the key signs that the civil-military integration has entered a deep pattern and the necessary conditions for the maximum benefits of civil-military integration. The resource expansion is the development and extension of reasonable allocation of civil-military resources. Improving the expansion of civil-military resources is an important strategic measure to push through the resource limitation, optimize the resource structure and break through the bottleneck of economic and social development. Therefore the Chinese government has issued supporting policies of civil-military resources in the fields of economy, science and technology, environment, transportation and so on. As the direct or indirect tools to promote the integration of civil-military resources, the series of policies have certain architectural characteristics. This paper will map the expansion space of civil-military resources by evaluating and discussing the architecture of civil-military resource policy.#br#Firstly, this study designs the evaluation mechanism of resource expansion space created by civil-military resource policy. The basic contents of 79 civil-military resource policies from December 1978 to June 2021 are preliminarily identified by policy quantitative analysis. Secondly, based on the policy modeling consistency (PMC) index model, the evaluation index system of civil-military resource policy is designed according to the statistical results and characteristics of civil-military resource policies. The evaluation index system includes 16 first-level evaluation index variables and 55 second-level evaluation index variables from four dimensions of policy attribute, policy concept, policy content and policy implementation.Furthermore, the calculation method and grade classification standard of the PMC index scores of civil-military resource policy are introduced respectively. Thirdly, in order to explore the spatial effect of policies on the expansion of civil-military resources from the perspective of policy-making, 10 representative policies issued by the central government were selected from 79 typical civil-military resource policies to carry out an empirical study on civil-military resource policies. According to the scores of the first-level evaluation index variables of the civil-military resource policy, the study drew four grade PMC index radar charts of A (P4, P6, P7), B (P1, P2, P5, P8), C (P9, P10) and D (P3) respectively. It could be concluded that the research discriminates the characteristics of representative civil-military resource policies and their supporting effects on civil-military resource expansion on the whole. Further, in order to put forward the evaluation paradigm and improvement suggestions of different levels of civil-military resource policies, the study selected one typical civil-military resource policy from above four levels respectively for description. Then, the P7 (level A), P5 (level B), P9 (level C) and P3 (level D) are interpreted in detail in combination with PMC surface diagram and contour diagram.#br#The results of the research are as follows. (1) Although there are certain differences and hierarchical characteristics in the PMC index scores of various civil-military resource policies, the policies with different ratings have implemented the guiding ideology of civil-military integration, which provide institutional support and practical basis for civil-military resource expansion. Meanwhile, the expansion direction of civil-military resources is different in each period. The "two-way" integration and expansion of civil-military resources has become an important issue of the policies at the present stage. (2) The civil-military resource policies with high PMC index scores generally have the characteristics of extensive use, comprehensive resources and rich elements. This kind of policies have broad policy space and prominent systematic comprehensive characteristics, which can provide space for expanding civil-military resources in more scenarios. (3) The civil-military resource policies with low PMC index scores are mostly supporting policies for the weak links of the policy system and action guidelines for specific fields with the overall plan of top-level design. Although such policies have certain limitations in the scope of application and coverage due to limited types of resources, they can better use and release the limited governance resources. At the same time, the policies can also give full play to the focus and comparative advantages of special policies to further deepen the expansion level of civil-military resources. #br#By taking the expansion of civil-military resources as the policy implementation target, the study puts forward policy suggestions from four dimensions of policy attribute, policy concept, policy content and policy implementation .#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 124-134 [Abstract] ( 198 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3118KB] ( 187 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
135 The Influence of Employee Resilience on Employee Responsible Innovation Behavior in New Research and Development Institutions：A Moderated Mediation Model
Cui Yuwen,Guo Lifang
Responsible innovation is a strong guarantee for scientific and technological innovation and sustainable development. The key to the realization of responsible innovation in new research and development institutions lies in employees who are important practitioners of organizational innovation, and their responsible innovation behavior cansupport the organization to carry out responsible innovation activities. Therefore, new research and development institutions need to encourage responsible innovation behavior among their employees. The responsible innovation behavior of employees in new research and development institutions is influenced by the interaction of individual characteristics and organizational atmosphere. Among them, the resilience of individual characteristics focuses on the psychological driving force of employees, for it can better explain the mechanism of responsible innovation behavior in the process. The current research on the relation between employee resilience and innovation behavior are mainly concentrated in the resilience and its innovative employees' proactive behavior, the relationship between resilience and innovation of deviant behavior, etc. The employees lack resilience in responsible role in the process of innovation, while the differences between the responsibility innovation and traditional innovation paradigm of new R&D institutions are under research.With the in-depth development of "people-oriented" human resource management model, the mechanism of employee resilience on various innovative behaviors has been widely concerned by scholars and managers.#br#On this basis, this study focuses on the impact mechanism of employee resilience on employee responsible innovation behavior in research and development institutions. It integrates emotional commitment with transformational leadership, and comprehensively analyzes the role of internal and external factors on individual responsible innovation behavior in new research and development institutions, revealing the micro mechanism of responsible innovation in new research and development institutions. This paper aims to provide reference for stimulating the responsible innovation behavior of employees in new research and development institutions, so as to enrich the research on the responsible innovation behavior of employees in human resource management.#br#In this paper, researchers from government-certified new research and development institutions with good development momentum are selected as research objects, mainly from Beijing and Guangdong Province. A questionnaire survey is conducted with 445 valid questionnaires. In this study, Amos structural equation software is used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis of variables, SPSS22.0 statistical software is used to conduct reliability test, validity test and correlation analysis test, and the hypothesis test is completed by the Process program developed by Hayes. The results show that employee resilience has a significant positive impact on employee responsible innovation behavior. Employee resilience can indirectly promote employee responsible innovation behavior through enhancing employee emotional commitment level, and transformational leadership positively moderates the relationship between employee emotional commitment and employee responsible innovation behavior.#br#This paper systematically examines the individual trait antecedents that influence the responsible innovation behavior of employees in new research and development institutions, and it defines and tests the important role of emotional commitment and transformational leadership on the responsible innovation behavior of employees, and comprehensively investigates the formation mechanism of responsible innovation behavior at the employee level by combining individual factors and situational factors, so as to realize the interaction and integration of resilience theory and responsible innovation theory. The findings have important guiding significance for institutions to implement responsible innovation behavior. First, this study points out that when carrying out responsible innovation activities, organizations should not only pay attention to employees' work skills and innovation ability, but also pay attention to the important role of employee resilience. In the daily management process, the organization needs to organize relevant training regularly to encourage employees to communicate with the public and interdisciplinary personnel. Second, organizations should attach importance to the role of transformational leadership when encouraging employees to implement responsible innovation behavior. In practice, transformational leaders should take measures to improve the resilience of employees, and reflect the rewards and punishments for responsible innovation behaviors of employees in the performance and salary system, and establish a scientific incentive system.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 135-142 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1241KB] ( 427 )
143 An Analysis on the Ability Evaluation of Scientific Research Talents in Universities Based on Grounded Theory
Ma Teng,Zhao Shukuan
Colleges and universities are important subjects of national economic, scientific and cultural innovation, and research talents are the key to the development of scientific and technological innovation. Scientific research talents in colleges and universities are an important force in promoting the research capacity and improving the teaching level of the university. At present, scientific research talents in colleges and universities are facing the pressure of professional title evaluation and performance appraisal, leading to the undesirable phenomenon that they are forced to only pursue the number of academic achievements and do not care about the academic influence and social value of achievements. Therefore, colleges and universities need to establish a sound scientific talent evaluation method to improve the quality of academic research, and understand the problems and patterns in the practice of research talent management in higher education institutions more clearly.#br#Complex systems management is a holistic approach to understanding, analyzing, and solving practical and complex management problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplinary areas and a variety of techniques. Both the behavior of management subject and object, and the environment involved in colleges and universities arequite complex, so it is necessary to analyze the logical relationships between different elements before the study on the evaluation of research talents' ability in universities. This study collects the assessment and evaluation criteria of research talents in different majors and fields from 42 world-class universities in China and selects 10 teachers from world-class universities as interviewees. It utilizes the grounded theory research method to comprehensively sort out and encode the existing implementation methods of scientific research talent assessment and evaluation measures in colleges and universities, refines the conceptual categories and then identifies the logical relationship between the conceptual categories, using Nvivo12 software for open coding, spindle coding, and selective coding to extract relevant concepts and core categories. On the basis of the previous coding, this study analyzes the actual situation of research talents' ability in colleges and universities through the integration of complex system and management disciplines based on Qian Xuesen's complex system management thinking and paradigm, and constructes an analysis framework of research talents' ability in universities. It is found that the ability of scientific research talents in colleges and universities is not only affected by their own knowledge structure, learning motivation, values and other internal factors, but also by various external factors such as resource endowment, discipline construction, incentive mechanism, legal guarantee, team atmosphere and so on, Therefore the analysis framework consists of basic professional quality, teaching ability, research ability, technology developing ability as well as professional practice ability, with different abilities interpenetrating, supporting each other and serving as mutual motivation. #br#The framework can better identify the operation rules and dynamic change processes of research talent analysis in higher education institutions. Thus this study provides theoretical guidance for the evaluation of research talents' ability, talent introduction, resource allocation, and strategic deployment in universities, and it can guide the management innovation of scientific research talents in colleges and universities, realise the healthy and reasonable development of academic ecology, and make great contributions to the economic construction, technological development, and social progress of the whole country. There are also some limitations in the research. It is inevitable that some data are missing or omitted in the process of data collection, which leads to the loss of information. Therefore, there may be some deviations in the concept and category in the induction. Future research will combine the qualitative and quantitative methods to establish the evaluation model of research talents in higher education institutions to better promote the scientific and rational analysis of the ability of scientific research talents in colleges and universities.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 143-150 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1357KB] ( 271 )
Review
151 Hotspots Evolution and Integrated Framework of High Value Patent: Visualization Analysis Based on Scientific Knowledge Mapping
Liu Qian,Jiang Nan,Wang Yali,Dai Fengyan
High-value patents (HVP) are the core resources supporting the dual-cycle strategy. How to increase the output of HVP in the industrial chain to achieve the goals of the “14th Five-Year Plan” has become an important topic. Although HVP research continues to heat up and related achievements continue to emerge, it is still in the exploratory stage and the research is fragmented. Through practical research, it is found that the understanding and definition of HVP in the business community and the scientific research community are different, resulting in problems such as how to set the evaluation criteria for success or failure of subsequent projects, and how each subject can successfully generate HVP assets. Furthermore, when combing the theoretical research results in depth, this paper finds that the research results of HVP have not yet appeared in foreign academic circles, and most of them are based on patent value. The definition is either derived from the expression in the practice of the enterprise, or refers to the definition in the field of patent value, patent quality, etc. This reflects that the theoretical results are relatively scattered and have not yet formed a unified research object and boundary category, which also leads to diverse practices. Thus, it is necessary to systematically combine the existing results to build an integrated framework so as to provide a theoretical basis for scholars to further study the formation mechanism and management model of HVP. Based on the SKM method, it is visualized through CiteSpace to clarify the frontier issues such as the connotation of HVP, evaluation system, influencing factors, value effect, etc., and fully demonstrate its research context through hot spot analysis and theoretical integration. #br#By comparing the published data of CNKI and Web of Science in the past five years through HVP keyword search, it finds that the main results of HVP research are mostly found in Chinese literature. Therefore, this study uses CNKI full-text database to analyze the progress of HVP research, which can cover the previous mainstream theories and the current core views. Based on the SKM method, the CiteSpace tool is used to visualize the literature in the field of HVP, and the SPSS tool is used to conduct a statistical analysis of the HVP publication trend, research institutions, major journals and scholars. The research progress and context of HVP provide a complete theoretical basis for scholars in the field to further study the formation mechanism and management mode of HVP.#br#The results show that the number of HVP publications has increased exponentially since 2015, with the main results from developed provinces. Its theoretical basis is based on the earlier mature patent quality and patent value results, and the existing research mostly studies the components, evaluation system, influencing factors, value effects of HVP based on theories of process management, competitive advantage and value chain. The formation of HVP is a complex system project which is affected by multiple factors such as patent text attributes, technological innovation activities, and rights holder management models, and requires multi-agent collaboration throughout the chain cooperation. HVP can promote the transformation of corporate asset value and enhance its competitive advantage, while providing support for the high-quality development of the industrial economy. #br#In the future scholars focusd on the theoretical research in the field of HVP can try to explore how to establish a HVP full life cycle management platform to integrate leading enterprises in the industry chain, well-known scientific research institutes and high-end intellectual property service institutions and form an operation mechanism of whole chain for HVP. The platform is expected to improve relevant output efficiency. They may also explore how to improve the HVP management system and regulations, and embed the HVP formation mechanism into the process system of enterprise technology innovation, market operation and even strategic management, so as to improve output performance reflected in relevant aspects such as the integration of information utilization and conversion rate of technological innovation, patent layout management for technology navigation, high-level writing and asset operation. In-depth case studies from key laboratories, new R&D institutions, and patent application synergies led by leading enterprises are expected to conduct case mining, demonstrate and refine HVP evaluation and operation experience and corresponding cultivation mechanism, so as to provide theoretical support for technology transfer service organizations, HVP cultivation organizations, and local advantageous enterprises aiming at overseas markets. Lastly researchers can explore how enterprises obtain sustainable economic benefits through market-oriented methods such as pledge financing, equity investment, securitization, and construction of patent pools, and develop overseas equity investment and support for international business expansion.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (21): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4774KB] ( 334 )
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