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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.1
Published 2022-01-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Spatial Distribution and Network Analysis of the High-tech Venture Capital in China
Zeng Jingjing,Wen Yonglin
Venture capital is considered to be a form of capital that is most compatible with technological innovation.As a new equity financing method, it can not only provide amounts of capitals for enterpreneurs, but also provide non-capital value-added services, such as technology, management, guidance and certification for startups.From this perspective, VC plays an important role in promoting scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, as well as supporting the development of high-tech enterprises.The development of venture capital started in 1980s in China.In 1985, the "Decision on the Reform of the Science and Technology System" first proposed the concept of "venture investment".Subsequently, China's first venture capital institution (China New Technology Venture Capital Corporation) was established driven by government.In comparison, China's high-tech venture capital started late, but development rapidly, and it has become an important driving force for the rapid development of China's high-tech industry in recent years.
The existing studies have shown that in order to reduce information asymmetry and transaction costs, venture capital has spatial agglomeration characteristics.For example, in the United Kingdom, venture capital is highly concentrated in London and the developed cities in southeastern England.In the United States, venture capital activities are mostly concentrated in large cities such as New York, San Francisco and Boston.In China, venture capital activities are concentrated in three central cities Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.The spatial agglomeration of venture capital will not only affect the development of a country or region's venture capital industry, but also affect the technological innovation of high-tech enterprises which is closely related to it.In this context, clarifying the historical evolution and spatial distribution of China's high-tech venture capital in the past 20 years is of great significance to the steady development of venture capital and the rational allocation of venture capital resources.
This paper takes China's high-tech venture capital as the research object to analyze the development and spatial agglomeration characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital.It aims to analyze the following three issues:(1)the historical evolution of China's high-tech venture capital;(2)the industry distribution of China's high-tech venture capital;(3)the spatial distribution characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital and the relative importance of cities in the venture capital network.By answering the above questions will help clarify the development characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital industry, it provides reference for our country to support the development of high-tech venture capital and promote the development of high-tech industries under the new era.
We used the data of high-tech venture capital transaction in China from the Thomson one database which provides venture capital transaction data occurred in mainland of China (VC firms and companys are both located in mainland China).In addition, we also used social network analysis methods such as network density and network centrality to analyze the overall structural evolution characteristics of China's urban venture capital network and the performance of major city nodes in the network.The results show that in the past 20 years China's high-tech venture capital has experienced four development stages: incubation, rapid development, steady adjustment and rational regulation; High-tech fields such as the Internet, new energy, computer software and services are focused by venture capital; China's high-tech venture capital has obvious urban agglomeration characteristics, the venture capital resources of the invested cities are more concentrated compared with venture capital acceptance cities; The links between high-tech venture capital transactions between Chinese cities are not tight, and the venture capital network presents an obvious "central-peripheral" structure; Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are typical capital-intensive venture capital cities, while Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Wuhan are typical technology-intensive venture capital cities.
What needs to be pointed out is that this paper inevitably has some limitations: for example,it excludes non-high-tech venture capital events, in other words,it only analyzes the spatial distribution and network evolution characteristics of China's high-tech venture capital, this may be somewhat different from the overall characteristics of China's venture capital development.In addition, this paper provides an interpretive explanation of the reasons for the formation of network evolution characteristics, without further empirical testing.All of these need to be further study.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 624 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3844KB] ( 380 )
10 Commercial Scale Demonstration of Scientific and Technological Achievements: The Role of Organizational Learning and Government Policy Support
Cai Ying,Lin Jun,Wang Qi,Zhang Ruxin
The low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements has always been a weak link restricting the efficiency and quality of national scientific and technological innovation.The development and promotion of new technology requires investment in establishing and developing commercial market, aligning legal system with new technology, and improving legality and public acceptance of the technology.Therefore, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the laboratory verification results of scientific and technological achievements and the development of industrial scale trial production, but also to reduce the risks and uncertainties of market, organization and system in the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.The transformation of scientific and technological achievements requires laboratory verification, industrial-scale trial production and commercial scale demonstration.Commercial scale demonstration is an important part of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which determines the success of the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.Commercial scale demonstration is in the final stage of diffusion.It can shorten the specific technology from prototype development, trial production, industrial application to commercial application.It aims to establish a factory closer to commercial scale, create and test demonstration activities on the value chain to assist the introduction to upstream and downstream technology markets, and verify the commercialization feasibility of new technologies or products by accumulating operational experience, stimulating innovation, maximizing performance, reducing cost, improving efficiency, and gaining user knowledge and experience.
Previous studies on commercial scale demonstration focused on the role of demonstration function on innovation, while there was a lack of clear cognition on how to improve the effect of commercial-scale demonstration, and few studies on the role of enterprises in this process.Learning is a skill necessary for new technologies to bridge the valley of death between basic R&D and commercialization.The advancement of scientific and technological achievements to the stage of commercial scale demonstration requires not only learning technical knowledge, but also non-technical knowledge such as markets and policies.However, the expansion of scale and the increase of actors make acquiring and using knowledge far from easy.Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effective learning process and learning strategies in commercial scale demonstration.There is a direct connection between "Learning-by-using" and "Learning-by-interacting" and commercial scale demonstration, and two types of learning can reduce operating costs, reduce risk, and increase proprietary knowledge.In addition, the high-investment, high-risk characteristics of commercial scale demonstration can easily lead to market failure, and the lack of government policy support can weaken technology adoption and slow down the market department's speed, so governments need to build Bridges across the "valley of death".Therefore, based on the theory of organizational learning and institutional theory, the influence of organizational learning and government policy support on commercial scale demonstration was explored to provide reference for the S&T achievement transformation project of enterprise management into commercial scale demonstration.
Six hypotheses were proposed based on a conceptual model that drives the effective operation of the commercial scale demonstration.Then the scale was designed and a predictive test was carried out to ensure the stability of the structure and content of the scale.A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted using three questionnaires, and 312 valid questionnaires were eventually collected.
The results show that: (1) Both "learning-by-using" and "learning-by-interacting" in organizational learning facilitate commercial scale demonstration positively, while learning-by-interacting has a stronger impact; (2) Government policy support not only positively influences commercial scale demonstration but also positively adjusts the relationship between learning-by-interacting and commercial scale demonstration; (3) There are differences in different scale, nature and regional enterprises' commercial scale demonstration and government policy support.This study will help to clarify the influence mechanism of organizational learning and government policy support in commercial scale demonstration, and suggest the importance of the combination of enterprise R&D, organizational learning and government policy support to improve the quality and efficiency of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.In addition, this research has three practical impacts:first, companies must pays attention to the role of learning-by-interacting in the commercial scale demonstration stage.By integrating resources and building a commercial scale demonstration communication platform, it promotes knowledge flow and feedback among actors, gathers complementary knowledge from suppliers, potential customers, and investors to produce knowledge spillover effects, and jointly solves the problems in commercial scale demonstrations.Second, companies need to actively strive for government policy support to give play to the positive external effects of commercial scale demonstrations.Third, the goverment should give full play to the leading role of large enterprises in commercial scale demonstrations, and give priority attention to them through policy support.It is necessary for the government to investigate the needs, characteristics and problems of enterprises of different sizes and regions in the commercial scale demonstration, so as to formulate practical sustainable support policies.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 10-18 [Abstract] ( 529 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1488KB] ( 298 )
19 Knowledge and Power Impact of the Promotion from Network Embeddedness to Innovative Drive
Xu Ke,He Zhen
Nowadays, we have entered the era of coupling the knowledge economy and big data think tanks, and the demand for innovation-driven is stronger and eager.In the process of innovation and practice of high-tech enterprises under the Chinese cultural background, due to a series of negative factors such as the intertwined network structure, the intricate network relationship, the need to improve the big data system, and the insufficient knowledge think tank platform, the innovation driving effect is not satisfactory.It is urgent to apply specific tools such as big data collaborative knowledge think tanks, network mosaics, knowledge spirals and network power to innovative practices.At the same time, corporate scientific research teams are also facing unprecedented tests and challenges.The key issue is how to use innovation-driven as an important engine, seamlessly connect the three technologies of network integration, knowledge spiral management, and big data think tank construction and exert their best effects to accelerate the construction of China's innovation system.
There are three shortcomings in the existing research.First of all, the embedding methods of social networks include two types: structural mode and relational mode.Most scholars believe that these two types are separate and independent.Different network embedding modes have different impacts on innovative behavior.Therefore, mainstream research regards the two modes as different.It is an independent factor and if one of the mode is explored, the overall analysis effect is likely to be concealed.Secondly, in the intertwined network framework, the logical action path of the organizational network connection method on the innovation process is not pure and direct.It will inevitably be affected positively or negatively by other external factors, even though a small number of scholars have paid attention to knowledge management.The key value is in the social network, but the existing research results only focus on a single link or partial stage in the knowledge management, ignoring the overall process of the knowledge spiral cycle.Finally, in terms of research perspectives, existing research rarely discusses the influence mechanism of power.However, the network power that has gradually emerged in the evolution of social networks demonstrates the characteristics of dominance, authority, rewards and punishments, and only in a timely, appropriate, and appropriate manner.Only by exercising network power can network behavior be effectively regulated, and finally a virtuous circle of network order can be realized.Therefore, network power is also a factor to be investigated.
There are four aspects of innovation in this research.First, the structural mode and relational mode of network mosaic are integrated, taking into account the overall effects and individual effects of the two mosaic types, in-depth discussion of the two branches of network mosaic theory research, and further the two nesting methods are compared for innovation-driven differentiated performance of influence mechanism.Secondly, in order to highlight the dynamic transmission characteristics of the knowledge spiral, the knowledge value chain model is introduced, namely connection, internalization, socialization, and externalization, to interpret the knowledge spiral operation system and circulation mechanism, and for the first time the three-dimensional knowledge spiral transformation process is mapped.Third, with the help of the innovation value chain model, namely the three steps of creativity generation, creativity transformation, and creativity diffusion, the in-depth explanation of the connotation concept, extensional nature, operation process and operation mechanism of innovation-driven, the continuous characteristics of innovation-driven are characterized, at the same time, the effectiveness of innovation-driven in the value-added and creative evolution of the value chain is interpreted in detail.Finally, from the perspective of knowledge spiral and network power, combined with the examples of scientific research teams of high-tech manufacturing incubation enterprises in 16 provinces and cities in China, this paper tests the intermediary effect of knowledge spiral in the logical path of network incentive and innovation drive, and further explores the network.Power is proved to have a positive regulatory effect on the mediating effect.
The management enlightenment of this study is as follows.First of all, incubating companies should straighten out the characteristics of the network's embedded attributes, make full use of the existing network capital and competitive advantages, and maximize its effectiveness in the development of innovation-driven ideas, the transformation of scientific research, and the diffusion of results.Secondly, incubating companies should establish knowledge management awareness, clarify the knowledge spiral operation process and transformation mechanism, clarify the scope of research and development functions of scientific research teams, and efficiently enhance knowledge creation capabilities and value appreciation capabilities.Finally, from the perspective of network power, incubating companies should formulate rigorous and standardized rules and regulations, create an orderly operating environment, and exercise network power in a compliant, sensible, reasonable, timely, appropriate and appropriate manner, and be brave to assume responsibility and be proactive, fulfill obligations and manage network order fairly, efficiently deploy network resources, and couple network relationships.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 19-29 [Abstract] ( 406 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1404KB] ( 602 )
30 How does Institutional Investor Influence Enterprise Innovation:Discussion on the Heterogeneity of Institutional Investors and Enterprises
Wei Shiwei,Du Jinmin,Wu Wenyang
The development of the A-share investor structure to institutionalization reflects the continuous and in-depth progress of the comprehensive and deep reform of China's capital market， which symbolizes the continuous improvement and maturity of China's capital market. Institutional investors push companies to pay more attention to R&D investment and innovation activities and they are are important forces in China's capital market. The impact on institutional investors on corporate innovation activities is one of the hot topics in academic research. However, current research is focused on the qualitative analysis and extended analysis of the role of institutional investors, and the research on the transmission mechanism of corporate governance is inadequate.
Existing studies have found that companies active in innovation activities tend to be less transparent. This leads to the excessive pursuit of high-risk innovation projects, intensifies the information asymmetry between external investors and the company's management, and leads to low innovation efficiency and even innovation failure. Modern corporate governance theories pointed out that the interdependence and organic combination between all interest members help achieve maximization of the value of the company and the creation of wealth. The size of institutional investors in the capital market makes them more advantageous to obtaining company's information and prefer to identify and invest in the company which has strong innovation capability. On the one hand, the close relationship between the company's performance and investment income enables institutional investors to actively strengthen the process supervision, overcome information asymmetry as well as principal-agent issues and promote the level of corporate governance. On the other hand, institutional investors pay more attention to long-term performance. Institutional investors incentivize management to goal with substantial innovation breakthroughs by tolerating failure of innovation, cost of investment and the short-term performance fluctuations, and create a good environment for enterprises innovation activities.
This paper is based on the 2007—2018 China A-share listed company data set and uses a fixed effects model for empirical testing. It innovatively incorporates corporate governance behaviors such as the effectiveness of internal control and core technical personnel's equity incentives into the theoretical analysis framework of the relationship between institutional investor's shareholding and corporate innovation. In addition, it also explores different impact on institutional investors and corporate heterogeneity on corporate innovation activities. The results show that institutional investors have significantly promoted corporate innovation. The effectiveness of internal control, equity incentives for core technical personnel and management cost control are three important transmission paths for institutional investors to promote enterprise innovation. Further research also finds that strategic institutional investors have a more prominent impact on corporate innovation than financial institutional investors; institutional investors have significantly promoted the innovation of non-state-owned enterprises. However, the impact on the overall innovation of state-owned enterprises is not significant.
Therefore, the capital market needs continuous improvement of multi-level directions and the quality of institutional investors, guiding institutional investors to participate in a larger capital market and introducing professional and high-quality institutional investors as an important supervision force. In addition, the public service department should increase innovation support for small and medium-sized private enterprises and cooperates to promote innovation and cooperation in different industries.
The contribution of the article are mainly on the following aspects. Firstly, the past research suggests the positive role of institutional investors to enterprise innovation activities with the focus on the qualitative discussion on the role of institutional investors. This paper quantitatively analyzes the relationship between institutional investors and corporate innovation performance and reveals the significant role of institutional investors in promoting corporate innovation. Secondly, the research on the transmission mechanism of internal governance levels is inadequate. This paper studies the mechanism of institutional investors acting on enterprise innovation activities from the perspective of corporate governance. Thirdly, the existing research directly discusses the relationship between the institutional shareholding and corporate innovation and has less study in heterogeneous segmentation of institutional investors and company attributes. By exploring the heterogeneity in institutional investors and enterprises, this paper enriches the research on the impact of institutional investors on enterprise innovation from the perspective of corporate governance.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 30-38 [Abstract] ( 607 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1242KB] ( 527 )
Regional Scientific Development
39 Informatization Diffusion,Industrial Cluster and Technological Innovation Performance based on Regional Panel Data from 2005 to 2018
Yang Changzheng
In recent years, China has been stepping up efforts to promote the construction of the national economic circle and the technology innovation-driven strategy to create emerging industrial economic zones and technological innovation platforms of our country.Industrial cluster is a phenomenon that competitive industries, professional suppliers, service providers, manufacturers and related industrial organizations gather in certain fields or regions.Industry clustering puts forward new requirements on the level of technological innovation, thereby driving the continuous upgrading of regional or national technological innovation.Meanwhile, in recent years, informatization construction of our country has been rapidly carried forward.The rapid information diffusion brought by informatization construction has promoted the sharing and exchange of international and domestic knowledge, and has accelerated the flow of information, the diffusion of knowledge, and the interactive integration of knowledge in multiple fields, and has also promoted national or regional technological innovation so that informatization construction, industrial cluster and technological innovation have become important strategies for national development.Therefore, exploring the relationship between information diffusion, industrial cluster and technological innovation performance is greatly significant to the development of national technology and economy.
In order to seek for the main influencing factors of economic development and technological innovation in different regions, the paper explores the relationship between informatization level, industrial cluster, and technological innovation performance.The paper uses China′s regional panel data from 2005 to 2018, and uses VAR model, panel data model, and state space model to analyze the relationship between informationization level, industrial cluster, and technological innovation performance.The paper gathered data come from the China Statistical Yearbook, Qingbo Database, China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook, China Internet Development Report, Wind database, Guotaian CSMAR database, and selected ten medium-sized industries from 2005 to 2018 and relevant indicators for the research object.
The research finds that (1) The change of the marginal influence of industrial agglomeration on technological innovation performance is an inverted U-shaped parabola, and the marginal influence of informatization level on technological innovation performance is increasing.The marginal influence of informatization level on industrial agglomeration shows a linear growth trend, while the change in the marginal influence of technological innovation performance on industrial agglomeration is an inverted U-shaped parabola.(2) The order of the effect of informationization level and industrial agglomeration on technological innovation performance is Eastern, Central, and Western regions, and the impact of informationization levels on technological innovation performance in eastern and central regions is greater than the impact of industrial agglomeration.The impact of industrial agglomeration in the western region on the performance of technological innovation is greater than the impact of informatization level.(3) The order of the effects of informatization level and technological innovation performance on industrial agglomeration is eastern, central, and western regions, and the impact of technological innovation performance on industrial agglomeration in the eastern region is greater than the impact of informationization level.The impact of informatization in the western region on industrial agglomeration is greater than the impact of technological innovation performance.
This paper put information diffusion, industrial cluster and technological innovation in the same theoretical framework as a systemic structure for model construction, analyzed the impulse response and marginal influence of endogenous variables, and analyzed the difference of the influence of various variables in different regions.The research findings had great significance for technological innovation upgrading and industrial development.In theory, it can help to construct a long-term balanced and effective theoretical model of technological innovation and industrial development which agrees with the reality of our country.In practice, the improvement of information diffusion can be used to promote industrial upgrading and drive technological innovation.Technological innovation and industrial cluster can also promote the improvement of regional or national information diffusion.Based on this, we can find the main influencing factors of economic development and technological innovation in specific regions, so as to formulate driving strategies and specific measures that conform to the policy of specific regional economic development and technological innovation.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 39-49 [Abstract] ( 319 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1748KB] ( 270 )
50 Promotion, Acceleration and Spillover: the Impact of Digital Economy Development on Regional Innovation Performance
Xu Xianglong,Hou Jingchuan
Digital economy is an extension of the development of information economy and Internet economy.Digital infrastructure based on information and communication technology (ICT), digital technology services, and the economic activity output generated by digital technology constitute the core content of digital economy.Digital economy with digital technology as the core has profoundly changed the process and results of innovation and had an important impact on regional innovation performance.
This paper systematically reveals the promoting effect, the nonlinear impact of marginal increase and the spatial spillover mechanism of digital economy on regional innovation performance.Firstly, on the aspect of the promotion effect of digital economy development on regional innovation performance, digital economy continuously improves the level of regional innovation by driving enterprise innovation, industrial innovation and regional innovation ecosystem.The specific manifestations are as follows: First, the development of digital economy has reshaped the competitive form of enterprises, promoting enterprises to change their organizational management and business model, and form an innovation-oriented management model.At the same time, the development of digital economy also provides favorable technical support for enterprise innovation activities, so as to promote the evolution of enterprises and the improvement of innovation performance in the region.Second, with the deepening integration of digital industry and traditional industry, digital knowledge and data have become key production factors, and the proportion of technology and knowledge in the combination of production factors continues to increase, so the innovation effect is being more and more significant.Third, the development of digital economy has promoted the construction of regional digital infrastructure and the improvement on innovation environment, which is conducive to accelerating the agglomeration of regional innovation resources, promoting innovation cooperation and knowledge spillover among enterprises, and improving the level of regional innovation.
Secondly, digital economy has the characteristics of network externality and a high degree of industrial relevance, and has a non-linear impact of increasing marginal effect on regional innovation performance.On the one hand, the development of digital economy can increase the marginal income of innovative products, enhance the inclusiveness of innovation, and form a marginal increase in regional innovation performance.On the other hand, digital technology has high permeability and industrial relevance.The development of digital economy will trigger a series of chain innovations and form a nonlinear growth of regional innovation output.Therefore, when the development of digital economy exceeds a specific critical level, it will have an increasing marginal effect on regional innovation performance.
Finally, the transformation of platform innovation mode, resource matching mechanism and government governance mode under the digital economy, will enable digital innovation activities to improve resource mismatches, promote the agglomeration of innovation elements, and form the spatial spillover of regional innovation activities.
In terms of empirical research, this paper constructs the regional digital economy index by three dimensions, which are the regional information development, the internet development and the digital transaction level.Based on China's provincial panel data from 2013 to 2018, this paper uses panel fixed effect model, threshold regression and spatial Durbin regression analysis methods, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital economy on regional innovation performance.The results show that the development of digital economy significantly promotes the improvement of regional innovation performance.The development of digital economy has a non-linear effect of increasing marginal effect on regional innovation performance and invention innovation performance; The development of digital economy has a spatial spillover effect on regional innovation performance.Specifically, it has a significant negative impact on innovation performance and non-invention innovation performance in adjacent areas, but has no significant impact on invention innovation performance.
Based on this conclusion, this paper puts forward policy recommendations for accelerating China's regional innovation development under the digital economy.The first is to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote the digital transformation of the economy and society, the second is to create a good digital development environment to promote regional innovation and entrepreneurship; the third is to improve the supervision of the development of the digital economy and build an orderly competitive, open and inclusive innovation pattern.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 50-59 [Abstract] ( 754 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1334KB] ( 754 )
60 Heterogeneous Effects of Basic Research and Applied Research on High Quality Economic Development: from the Perspective of "Middle Income Trap" Risk
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At present, China's internal and external development environment has changed.The space for economic growth driven by investment has narrowed, the demographic dividend has gradually disappeared, and the weak traditional economic momentum has exacerbated the risk of China falling into the "middle-income trap".Scholars have conducted a lot of research from the aspects of income gap, supply and demand structure and financial development, and found that although the improvement of the above factors can obtain benefits and promote economic growth, they can not avoid the law of diminishing marginal return in the end.From a long-term perspective, only by focusing on investment in technological innovation can China achieve high-quality economic development and thus overcome the "middle-income trap".Basic research and applied research, as two types of heterogeneous R&D activities, both play an important role in China's technological innovation.Therefore, conducting differentiated research on different types of R&D activities and clarifying the heterogeneous impact of basic research and applied research on high-quality economic development can provide a theoretical basis for China to overcome the "middle-income trap".
This paper selects the improvement of economic efficiency and the transformation of economic kinetic energy to comprehensively measure the high-quality development level of China's economy, in which the DEA-Malmquist index method is used to calculate the total factor productivity (TFP) as the proxy variable of economic efficiency improvement; the ratio of the output value of the tertiary industry to the output value of the secondary industry is used as the measurement index of China's economic kinetic energy transformation.Using the 30 provincial panel data in Mainland China from 2001 to 2017 as a sample, reveal the impact and mechanism of heterogeneous R&D activities on the high-quality development of the Chinese economy from the perspective of the risk of the "middle income trap", and whether there is a threshold effect in basic research , and used multiple regression equations to predict and analyze the average annual growth rate of China's basic research investment under the "middle-income trap".The results found that: (1)Both basic research and applied research are conducive to the improvement of economic efficiency, and only basic research significantly promotes the conversion of economic kinetic energy.(2)There is a gap in income levels in the eastern, central and western regions.Basic research has a stepwise regional heterogeneity effect on the high-quality economic development.It has a significant promotion effect on the economic efficiency of the eastern region, has no significant effect on the central region, has a significant inhibitory effect on the western region, and only has a significant effect on the conversion of economic kinetic energy in the eastern region, but the applied research has no significant regional heterogeneity effect.(3)Basic research has a significant threshold effect.Basic research will promote the high-quality development of the regional economy only when a certain income level is reached.(4)In order to successfully overcome the "middle-income trap" around 2025, China's basic research investment needs to maintain an average annual growth rate of 24.7% and 29.3% in the future.
Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations： (1) Formulate differentiated innovation incentive policies based on the level of economic development.The eastern region should increase investment in basic research and enhance original innovation capabilities; the central and western regions should focus on imitating innovation, focus on investment in applied research, and actively absorb technological spillovers from the eastern region； (2)Increase government investment in basic research.Local governments should increase support for basic research, actively build major national science and technology infrastructure such as national laboratories, national key laboratories, and comprehensive national innovation centers, and strengthen strategic support for science and technology.In the future, the growth rate of basic research investment should be maintained at \[24.7% and 29.3%\]；(3)Strengthen the construction of intellectual property protection system.The government should play the role of "night watchman", formulate a high-level intellectual property protection system, protect the innovation achievements and innovation income of innovation subjects, and enhance the overall innovation enthusiasm of the society.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 60-68 [Abstract] ( 370 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1335KB] ( 282 )
Industrial Technological Progress
69 The Impact of Industrial Cooperative Agglomeration on High-quality Economic Development
Liu Hedong,Zhang Guijing
At present, technological innovation has become the first driving force for the high-quality development of the regional economy. The high-tech industry has the characteristics of high intelligence and high technology intensiveness. It plays a vital role in the process of promoting economic growth. It is the focus of competition among countries today. However, our country's high-tech industry has been at the low-end link in the division of labor in the global value chain for a long time, which has restricted its scientific and technological innovation capabilities. It is urgent to adjust the regional industrial structure and seek new impetus for economic development. Producer service industry, as a heterogeneous industry with a high degree of relevance to high-tech industries, can improve the degree of industrial specialization and sub-engineering, and promote the high-endization of high-tech manufacturing. The synergistic agglomeration of high-tech industries and producer service industries can significantly enhance the innovation capabilities of high-tech industries and effectively promote high-quality economic development. Therefore, it is a realistic and urgent problem to clarify the mechanism of the impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on high-quality economic development.
Existing literature has conducted in-depth discussions on innovation and high-quality economic development, industrial collaborative agglomeration and innovation, and promoted the development of related theories. However, there are still the following shortcomings. First, some scholars have discussed the relationship between industrial collaborative agglomeration and economic development, but seldom paid attention to the relationship between industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development. Secondly, there are few documents that incorporate industrial collaborative agglomeration, innovation capabilities and high-quality economic development into a unified framework for analysis. What is the mechanism of industrial collaborative agglomeration to promote high-quality economic development? Existing documents rarely involve it. Finally, there are both linear and non-linear relationships between industrial collaborative agglomeration, innovation, and high-quality economic development. Existing studies are often limited to the analysis of linear relationships between two variables, and there is a lack of non-linear relationships. This paper incorporates industrial synergistic agglomeration, innovation capabilities, and high-quality economic development into a unified framework, deeply analyzes the mechanism of industrial synergistic agglomeration to promote high-quality economic development, and builds a threshold model to collect 30 provinces and municipalities in mainland China from 2005 to 2019 (Tibetan factors). (Incomplete data, not included in statistics) High-tech industry and producer service industry collaborative agglomeration, high-quality economic development related data, accurate measurement of industrial collaborative agglomeration and its impact on high-quality economic development through innovation capabilities, and the use of ArcGIS software for industrial synergy visual analysis of the agglomeration level, in-depth analysis of the impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on the high-quality development of the regional economy.
Industrial collaborative agglomeration realizes the spatial diffusion of technology through technological externalities, promotes the technological progress of related enterprises in the region, improves the technological capabilities of enterprises, and drives high-quality economic development. Industrial collaborative gatherings have the following effects. Firstly, the specialized division of labor forms a specialized market for various supporting services, such as the talent, capital, and raw material markets. The specialized division of labor enables agglomeration enterprises to share various auxiliary services and form economies of scale. Secondly, sharing public facilities, reducing additional investment and geographical proximity can save freight and improve output efficiency. Finally, collaborative clustering enables technical and management personnel to gather through formal or informal exchanges to promote the dissemination and exchange of technical and management information among enterprises, which in turn increases technology spillover.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) Industrial collaborative agglomeration presents imbalanced characteristics. In terms of space, except for the western collaborative agglomeration areas (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shaanxi), industrial collaborative agglomeration presents high in the east and low in the west, and high in the coastal areas. The characteristics of low land, the Matthew effect is significant; in terms of time, the cooperative agglomeration of industries presents a four-legged evolutionary trend (Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta and Western Cooperative Agglomeration Area). (2) The synergy between the industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development of various provinces and cities is divided into four types: collaborative agglomeration and economic high-quality maintenance, collaborative agglomeration and enhanced economic high-quality, enhanced collaborative agglomeration, and enhanced economic high-quality. Corresponding to the high level of industrial synergistic agglomeration-high economic and high-quality development level, low industrial synergistic agglomeration level-low economic high-quality development level, low industrial synergistic agglomeration level-high economic and high-quality development level, high industrial synergistic agglomeration level-low economy and high Quality development level. (3) Industrial collaborative agglomeration has dual-threshold effects on innovation ability, innovation ability on high-quality economic development, and industrial collaborative agglomeration on high-quality economic development, and the impact effect is diminishing on the margin. Industrial synergistic agglomeration can significantly enhance regional innovation capabilities, but as the degree of industrial synergistic agglomeration further increases, its promotion of innovation capabilities shows a marginal diminishing effect. Regional scientific and technological innovation can drive high-quality economic development, but because the threshold for the transformation of scientific and technological innovation capabilities is getting higher and higher, it is becoming more and more difficult to transform scientific and technological achievements into productivity, resulting in a marginal diminishing effect. Innovative ability has different effects on high-quality economic development when the industrial collaborative agglomeration is in different threshold ranges, and the impact of innovative ability on high-quality economic development is diminishing positively.
Based on the above conclusions, in order to promote the high-quality development of the regional economy, this article puts forward the following policy recommendations: (1) Promote the coordinated and balanced development of regional industries and eliminate the Matthew effect. First, each region should focus on improving the level of synergy and agglomeration of high-tech industries and producer service industries. Secondly, narrow the gap in the level of synergy and agglomeration of various regional industries, give full play to the knowledge spillover effect between high-tech industries and producer service industries in different regions, and realize the spatial spillover of technology. Finally, strengthen inter-regional industrial cooperation and promote the complementary development of industrial agglomeration. (2) According to the actual situation of industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development in different regions, formulate targeted and differentiated policies to effectively improve the level of industrial collaborative agglomeration and high-quality economic development in various regions. (3) Improve the level of industrial collaborative agglomeration and innovation capabilities, Effectively promote high-quality economic development. On the one hand, pay attention to the improvement of the level of synergy and innovation of high-tech industries and producer service industries, and create a good industrial synergy atmosphere. On the other hand, promote the transformation of regional technological innovation capabilities and drive high-quality economic development. Encourage industry-university-research cooperation, accelerate the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and stimulate the enthusiasm of innovation entities; Strengthen the management of the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements, support the development of regional and industrial technology markets, and improve the service functions of technology transfer institutions; Strengthen the guiding role of the government in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, build a characteristic industrialization base, build a platform for achievement transformation, promote industrial upgrading; through multi-channel capital investment, guide the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and promote high-quality economic development.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 69-77 [Abstract] ( 597 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1631KB] ( 275 )
78 Research on the Evaluation of Industrial Green Technology Innovation Motivation and the Evolution of Spatial and Temporal Pattern in China
Fan Decheng,Wu Xiaolin
With the rapid economic development , the world is facing many ecological problems such as resource depletion and environmental pollution.To this end, countries around the world have issued a "Green New Deal" to vigorously develop the green economy.During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China has unswervingly implemented the five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing" in order to realize the coordinated development of economy and green environmental protection.As the leading force of the national economy, industrial enterprises are also major resource consumers and polluters.They face tremendous pressure and challenges of green transformation.Therefore, green technology innovation plays an increasingly significant role in the process of China's industrial green development.It is an important means for industrial enterprises to deal with the crisis of resource consumption, solve the problem of environmental pollution and realize green transformation and development.However, the level of green technology innovation in China's industry is still relatively low, and the problem is usually not lack of ability, but lack of motivation.Therefore, the research on the driving force level of China's industrial green technology innovation and whether there are significant differences in its temporal and spatial pattern has important theoretical and practical significance for further developing green technology innovation activities and realizing the coordinated development of regional green economy.
Based on the concept of green development, this paper establishes an evaluation index system from three aspects: technology driving force, market driving force and regulation driving force.The dynamic evaluation method of ideal solution, entropy value method and the preferring present to past normalization method are used to evaluate the industrial green technology innovation driving force of 30 provinces (cities and districts) in China, and exploratory spatial data analysis method and gravity model are used to evaluate its spatial and temporal pattern.
The research results show that the overall level of China's industrial green technology innovation power was not high from 2011 to 2017, accompanying the extremely unbalanced situation among regions which was "high in the east and low in the west" .From the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of industrial green technology innovation power, the overall performance is in spatial positive correlation.From a local point of view, the high-high agglomeration model is mainly distributed in the economically developed eastern region, and the low-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration are mainly distributed in the central, western and northeast regions, and the high-low agglomeration distributed in Beijing, Guangdong, and Chongqing, showing a strong economic dependence.From the migration track of the driving force of industrial green technology innovation, the center of gravity was mainly distributed in the southern part of Henan Province during the study period, and the overall migration was to the southwest.The problem of unbalanced development of green technology innovation in the east and west is obvious.It is found that the center of gravity of industrial green technology innovation is closely related to the changes of economic center of gravity and high-tech industry center of gravity.
As for the research on green technology innovation, most scholars pay attention to the research on the efficiency and influencing factors of green technology innovation, a few studies involve green technology innovation policies, and there is a lack of research on the driving force of green technology innovation.Therefore, this paper can provide more detailed decision-making reference for policy makers: First, build a regional green innovation network to achieve collaborative innovation.In order to improve the overall level of China's industrial green technology innovation power, all regions should strive to break regional barriers, build a regional green innovation network platform, and encourage the free flow of green technology innovation resources among regions.Secondly, formulate targeted strategies according to their own development.For regions with strong industrial green technology innovation motivation such as Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jiangsu, they should continue to maintain their resource allocation advantages and continuously increase the level of green technology innovation diffusion, so as to benefit the surrounding areas; For Hebei, Beijing, Guangdong and other regions, a cross regional green innovation environment platform based on the participation of enterprises, governments, universities, markets and other forces should be built to realize the coordinated development of green technology innovation among regions; for Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and areas with low industrial technology innovation motivation, we should further increase the investment of innovation resources and continuously improve the green technology innovation environment, so as to make the development of industrial green technology innovation in this area full of vitality.Finally, in view of the horizontal imbalance between the East and the west of the driving force of China's industrial green technology innovation, we should continue to further implement strategies such as the rise of the central region, the opening of the west, and the revitalization of the old industrial areas in the northeast.By promoting the coordinated economic development of the eastern and western regions, we will gradually reverse the unbalanced regional development of the driving force of industrial green technology innovation in China.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 78-88 [Abstract] ( 371 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2664KB] ( 334 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
89 Corporate Strategic Radicalization, Managers Turnover, and Technological Distance
Su Taoyong,Meng Li
A fundamental issue in the field of strategic management is the impact of corporate strategy which is discussed by a large number of theoretical and empirical studies.Some studies divide corporate strategy types into attack strategy, analyzer strategy, and defender strategy, and extensively discuss the impact of strategic differences on corporate cash flow, earnings management, over-investment, and so on.It also extends the concept of "strategic radicalization".Attack strategy has the highest strategic radicalization, followed by analyzer strategy, and defender strategy has the lowest.However, we find that few scholars study the impact of strategic radicalization on enterprise innovation.This has provided us with impetus to carry out research.This study mainly discusses the impact of strategic radicalization on technological distance and the boundary of its effect.Technological distance refers to the technological gap between a company and its frontier company in the industry.Compared with the traditional innovation performance measurement indicators, technological distance can better reflect the technological innovation efforts of enterprises in a competitive environment.First, existing studies have extensively examined the impact of corporate strategic radicalization, but have ignored the impact of strategic radicalization on corporate innovation.By studying the impact of strategic radicalization on technological distance, this study enriches the literature on the impacts of corporate strategic radicalization and is a useful supplement to existing research.Second, it is a common research perspective to study the impact of strategy types from the perspective of management behavior.From the perspective of managers turnover, which affects enterprise strategic change, this paper studies the frequency of managers turnover, the source of successors and the boundary function of integration of chairman or general manager, which is helpful to further clarify the boundary of strategic radicalization.Third, this research provides a reference for how companies choose strategic positioning to narrow the technological distance.According to the research conclusions, companies should choose the analyzer strategy of moderate radicalization, rather than the attack strategy of over radicalization and the defender strategy of insufficient radicalization, so as to achieve the best technology catch-up effect.
This article uses the data of listed companies in China's A-share manufacturing industry as a sample, and uses the system GMM to examine the relationship between corporate strategic radicalization and technological distance, as well as the boundary effect of the corporate governance factor of managers turnover.The results are as follows: First, there is a U-shaped relationship between corporate strategic radicalization and technological distance.Appropriate strategic radicalization can reduce the technological distance.Over radicalization or insufficiently radicalization is not conducive to narrowing the technological distance.Second, the higher the frequency of managers turnover, the more obvious the relationship between strategic radicalization and technological distance.Third, the U-shaped relationship between strategic radicalization and technological distance is evident in industries where competition is relatively weak.Fourth, compared with professional managers, when the controlling shareholder succeeds the chairman or general manager, and in the case of a lower successor with integration of chairman or general manager, the boundary effect of managers turnover is more significant.
This article has certain practical implications.First of all, this research reveals that analyzer strategies can help companies narrow the technological distance.This enlightens companies that they should adopt appropriate radical strategies, not only to avoid corresponding risks, but also to be wary of backwardness caused by insufficient strategic radicalization.When formulating strategies, companies should also reasonably evaluate the intensity of competition in their industries, and be wary that relatively weak industry competition will lead to insufficient incentives for corporate innovation.In this situation, companies need to adopt a moderately radical strategy to shorten the technological distance with frontier company in order to overcome the lack of incentives in the industry, but they still need to avoid the negative effects caused by over-radical strategies.Secondly, the managers turnover affects the strategic choice of the enterprise.This study suggests that the successor manager should choose a moderately radical analyzer strategy to narrow the technological distance.But at the same time, it should be noted that the succession of the chairman or general manager by the controlling shareholder can effectively reduce the agency costs and enhance strategic execution.Avoiding the concurrent appointment of the successor chairman and general manager can reduce the negative impact of managers' overconfidence and help to improve the rationality of strategic decision-making.This provides a reference for how to determine the source of successors and position arrangements in the process of managers turnover.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 89-98 [Abstract] ( 378 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1277KB] ( 300 )
99 The Effects of Structure Hole on Firm′s Dual Innovation from the Perspective of Double-layer Embeddness
Yao Yanhong,Gong Yu
In the era of knowledge economy, enterprises gradually change from "closed innovation" to "open innovation", and the innovation network established by cooperation becomes an important way for enterprises to share knowledge resources and realize value acquisition.It has been pointed out that the innovation activities of enterprises are embedded in both collaborative networks formed by social relationships of R&D cooperation and knowledge networks formed by knowledge combination, and these network structural characteristics influence knowledge transfer and knowledge combination of enterprises, which in turn have complex effects on innovation performance.However, although the literature has confirmed the close connection between double-layer network structural features and enterprise innovation, the mechanism of the role of double-layer network structural holes and enterprise innovation activities is still unclear in academia.On the one hand, some scholars believe that network structure holes can provide social capital and bring information control advantages for enterprises, which are beneficial to enterprise innovation; on the other hand, some scholars point out that network structure holes reduce the frequency of communication among individuals, which is not conducive to the dissemination of tacit knowledge and hinders innovation activities to a certain extent.Then, what exactly is the relationship between double-layer network structure hole and enterprise innovation performance? Are the results different due to different types of innovation? Is there an effective adaptation of the innovation network structure to dual innovation? Do contextual differences also lead to different research findings? All these questions need to be further investigated.Based on this, this paper constructs the mechanism of the role of knowledge network structure hole and synergistic network structure hole on firms' dual innovation performance based on knowledge base theory and social network theory and introduces contextual variables such as strategic flexibility and openness to analyze their moderating roles in the relationship between knowledge network, synergistic network and dual innovation performance.
This study takes listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares as the research sample and follows the following three principles to screen the industries.First, the industries are highly competitive and require continuous technological innovation to ensure their industry status.Second, the industries have the technology and knowledge-intensive characteristics and the intensity of R&D investment is the key to enterprise technological innovation.Third, the industries are more aware of the patent application and protection and have easy access to patent information.The final unbalanced panel data from 2007-2018 (N=559) were obtained for 165 enterprises in China, involving high-tech industries such as computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing, information transmission, software and information technology services, and electrical machinery.In addition, after the Hausman test, this study uses a negative binomial random effects regression model for analysis.
The empirical results show that structural holes in knowledge network are beneficial to a firm′s exploitative innovation performance, but impede a firm′s exploratory innovation performance.Moreover, there are negative correlations between collaboration network structure hole and firm′s ambidextrous innovation.At the same time, the interaction among strategic flexibility, openness and the two-layer network structure hole affects the firms′ ambidextrous innovation, and there are adaptabilities among the variables: "structural holes in knowledge network——openness” promotes exploitative innovation performance, while "structural holes in collaboration network——strategic flexibility" promotes exploratory innovation performance.
This paper combines the knowledge base theory, social network theory, and the research results in the field of dual innovation performance of enterprises.It enriches the research on the relationship between two-tier network structure holes and firm′s dual innovation performance in a specific area.Unlike previous literature, this study finds that the embedding of knowledge networks and collaborative networks has different effects on firm innovation performance, and there is an effective matching relationship between the double-layer network structure hole and organizational context.The findings of this study enrich the research results of open innovation, and network outcome holes, and bring new ideas to solve the disagreement of the relationship between structural holes and corporate innovation.In addition, considering that the adaptation relationship between two-tier network structure and organizational context can have different impacts on the dual innovation activities of firms, managers should combine the characteristics of corporate knowledge and collaborative network structure and organizational strategies to make targeted management decisions.When companies tend to carry out exploitative innovation, they should promote the transfer and utilization of knowledge elements by increasing the degree of openness, to efficiently achieve the improvement of the understanding of existing technologies; while when companies tend to carry out exploratory innovation, they need to strengthen the strategic flexibility to match the high uncertainty of exploratory innovation with the flexible allocation of resources, to make companies boldly break through the current knowledge domain to capture new market opportunities.The companies needs to be more flexible in resource allocation to match the high uncertainty of exploratory innovation and to push them to break through the current knowledge domain to capture new market opportunities.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 99-109 [Abstract] ( 404 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1365KB] ( 615 )
110 Study on the Influence of Characteristics of Overseas Experience of Second Generations on Portfolio Entrepreneurship in Family Enterprises:from the Perspective of Intergenerational Conflict
Yang Xuelei,Li Weining,Shang Hangbiao
Family enterprises are generally facing the dual pressure of transformation and upgrading and intergenerational inheritance in China.To alleviate these two kinds of pressure, the founders introduce the second generation into the management of the family business.On the one hand, they hope that the second generation will be familiar with enterprise business processes and gradually integrate into family enterprises to make full preparations for inheritance.On the other hand, they expect the second generation to give full play to their advantages and bring new vitality into the transformation and upgrading of family enterprises.Cross-generation entrepreneurship is an important way for family enterprises to maintain innovation vitality and create new competitive advantages in the process of succession.Portfolio entrepreneurship is an important mode of generational entrepreneurship of family enterprises in the stage of succession.The current literature on the driving factors of portfolio entrepreneurship in the family business is mainly based on the perspective of socioemotional wealth theory, resource-based view and upper echelons theory, but they rarely consider the impact of the interaction, integration or conflict between the first and second generations on portfolio entrepreneurship in the special stage of succession.One of the representative sources of conflict between the first and second generations is the experience of growing up abroad as a special experience shared by second generations.How to manage the intergenerational conflict caused by the overseas experience of the second generation, realize the smooth succession of the family business and create new business units has become an urgent problem to be discussed both in theory and practice.Therefore, based on the perspective of intergenerational conflict, this paper explores whether and how the second generation's overseas experience affects the portfolio entrepreneurship of family enterprises.At the same time, we also explore the moderating effects of the second generation's tenure in family enterprises and the parents' personal industry status and political status.
This paper selects Chinese family listed enterprises from 2000 to 2017 as the sample source.Firstly, we choose the enterprises whose actual controller type is the natural person or family and whose family control right is more than 20% as the sample of family listed enterprises.Secondly, this paper selects the family enterprises in which the second generation of the family entered the board of directors or senior management team from 2000 to 2017.Finally, we obtained 297 samples.We verify the hypothesis by defining variables and constructing the multiple linear regression model.We test the robustness by changing the measurement of variables and changing the sample range.At the same time, we use Heckman selection model to test endogeneity.The results are in line with expectations.
The results of this study show that the overseas experience of the second generation promotes the development of portfolio entrepreneurial activities in the process of family business inheritance, and the promotion effect becomes more obvious with the increase of the overseas duration of the second generation.In addition, we also find that the tenure of the second generation in listed family enterprises weakens the positive impact of the overseas tenure of the second generation on portfolio entrepreneurship.However, in the family enterprises with the higher industrial and political status of their fathers, the overseas time of family successors has a more significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial portfolio of family enterprises.After analyzing the internal characteristics of the family successor's overseas background, we find that compared with the educational and work experience of a family successor has a significantly positive impact on portfolio entrepreneurship.The influence of the family successor's study or work experience in non-Asian countries or regions is more significant.
The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows.First, this paper enriches the research on the drivers of portfolio entrepreneurship in the family business by discussing the impact of the second generation of overseas experience on portfolio entrepreneurship in the family business in the process of succession.Second, this study enriches the literature on intergenerational conflict of succession in the family business.The conclusion of this paper also echoes the research of some scholars.The cooperative strategy is regarded as an important strategy of conflict management under the multi-generation participation of family enterprises, and it is an important way to reduce and curb emotional conflict.Third, this paper enriches the research on the impact of overseas characteristics of senior managers on corporate strategic behavior in the Chinese context.At the same time, this paper offers practical insights.First, inheritors and successors should have a comprehensive understanding of the conflict.Moreover, the portfolio entrepreneurship strategy emphasizes the integration and complementarity of succession and entrepreneurship, which is a good strategic choice for both succession parties to make rational use of cognitive conflicts and prevent cognitive conflicts from escalating into emotional conflicts.Second, the first generation should formulate the enterprise succession plan as soon as possible, and the cultivation of the second generation should be systematic, especially the cultivation of the innovation and entrepreneurship of the offspring.In the process of guidance and training, it has become an important way for parents to send their second generation abroad to receive overseas education and obtain work experience.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 110-120 [Abstract] ( 388 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1275KB] ( 603 )
121 Research on Enterprise Network, Big Data Capability and Business Model Innovation Mechanism
Li Wen,Zhang Zhenzhen,Mei Lei
The modern industry environment is complex and changeable.As an important means for enterprises to cope with the changeable economic environment, business model innovation is the core of enterprises to maintain competitive advantage.In the current fierce competition environment, the competition among enterprises does not only refer to product competition, but also business model competition.The business model competition among enterprises is not only the competition among quality, service and production cost, but also has developed into the network competition among enterprises including suppliers, competitors, distributors and other stakeholders.Under the constraint of resources, enterprises are confronted with the problem of lack of resources, and it is more and more difficult for a single enterprise to adapt to the increasingly complex dynamic environment.It is crucial for enterprises to innovate their business models by building enterprise networks to participate in market competition.Driven by the development of science and technology, big data is reshaping the business model of enterprises, and big data capability has become an important driving force for the business model innovation of enterprises.According to the existing research, enterprise network and big data capability are the key factors affecting the business model innovation of enterprises.In the process of innovation, the combination of enterprise resources and capabilities can effectively promote the business model innovation of enterprises.There is a nonlinear relationship between business model innovation, enterprise network, big data capability, and other variables in which many conditions work together, and it is an interdependent and highly complex whole.Most of the previous studies focused on the influence of a single factor on the business model innovation of enterprises.They focused on the influence of external driving factors such as emerging technologies on the business model innovation of enterprises, or considered the influence of the matching of more factors and network embedding on the business model innovation of enterprises, but ignored the influence of the multiple concurrent factors and multiple paths on the business model innovation of enterprises.Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is suitable for studying the influence of synergy between different elements on the business model innovation of enterprises, and exploring multiple paths leading to the same result.Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study adopted fsQCA method to explore the influence mechanism of enterprise network and big data capabilities on the business model innovation of new retail enterprises from two aspects of resources and capabilities.Specifically, this study takes 15 new retail enterprises as the research object.According to the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy", this study defines enterprise network as information resource sharing, organizational learning and network system establishment, and defines big data capability as resource integration capability, in-depth analysis capability and real-time insight and prediction capability.By using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, this paper explores the phenomenon of the business model innovation of enterprises, and deeply digs out the influence mechanism and paths of different configurations composed of the above six conditions on business model innovation from two levels of resources and capabilities.The empirical analysis results show that there are four types of traction condition configurations to promote the business model innovation of new retail enterprises: network system establishment type, resource integration ability booster type, depth analysis ability supplement type and information resource sharing booster type.There is equivalence among the four paths.The business model innovation is a complicated process.Facing the complicated and dynamic environment, the process of business model innovation of new retail enterprises will be more complicated.
Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study mainly explores two research questions: how can enterprise network and big data capabilities cooperate to promote enterprise business model innovation? What are the influencing mechanism and paths of the business model innovation of new retail enterprises? The conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical support and reference for enterprises to implement the business model innovation.In addition, our research also has some contributions in theory.(1)Our research reveals the interaction mechanism between enterprise network and big data capabilities.We use QCA method to study the influence of synergy among different elements on business model innovation, and find that there is substitution effect among elements.(2)We introduce the fsQCA method into the research field of business model innovation of new retail enterprises, which enriches the theoretical research in this field.(3)Based on the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy ", we find that configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capabilities can promote business model innovation.It is not limited to the positive influence of a single factor on business model innovation, but from the overall perspective of resources and capabilities, this paper explains the influence mechanism of configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capability on business model innovation, and expands the research perspective in the field of business model innovation.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 121-131 [Abstract] ( 624 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1341KB] ( 907 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
132 Quantitative Evaluation of Science and Technology Service Industry Policies Based on PMC Index Model:A Comparison of Liaoning and Related Provinces and Cities
Du Baogui,Chen Lei
The policy of science and technology service industry is one of the important factors affecting the development of science and technology service industry.The development effect of science and technology service industry is closely related to the formulation of its policies and measures.Therefore, it is beneficial to understand the rationality of existing policies and measures of science and technology service industry by evaluating the policies of science and technology service industry, which provides reference significance for optimizing and improving future policies of science and technology service industry.From the existing research literature, it can be seen that the research literature of science and technology service industry policy at home and abroad mostly focuses on policy formulation, policy implementation, policy environment and other aspects, and there is a lack of the related research of policy evaluation, which is the weak link of policy analysis of science and technology service industry at present.
PMC index model is an "exotic product" of foreign policy evaluation methods.Domestic scholars have evaluated some policies in China by using the revised and adjusted policy model, and achieved good results, expanding the applicable scope of the index model in China's policies, and providing method reference and empirical experience for the study on the policy evaluation of science and technology service industry.This study takes PMC index model as the core research method to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the relevant policy texts of science and technology service industry.Firstly, based on the existing index system of PMC index model, text mining method was employed to describe and summarize the contents of 68 policy texts of science and technology service industry in China from 2012 to 2020, the evaluation index system of PMC index model was adjusted and supplemented, so as to build an evaluation index system applicable to science and technology service industry policy and improve the effectiveness of policy evaluation of science and technology service industry.Secondly, in the process of using PMC index model to evaluate the policies of science and technology service industry, it was necessary to assign digital values to the corresponding policy contents and realize the quantitative processing of policy contents, so as to facilitate the calculation and comparison of PMC index of various policy texts.
In order to make full use of the advantages of PMC index model, this study evaluates two policies of science and technology service industry in Liaoning Province, and also adopts comparative analysis method.In addition, 10 representative policies of science and technology service industry from different regions and levels are selected as the control samples of science and technology service industry policies in Liaoning Province.By comparing PMC index scores of different policies, it is easier to find the defects and deficiencies of policies, and at the same time it can provide reference for further optimization of policies.
Generally speaking, first of all, among the 12 policy samples of science and technology service industry in this study, 5 policies were rated as good, and the remaining 7 policies acceptable, which shows that the overall quality of China's science and technology service industry policies needs to be improved.Secondly, from the PMC index ranking of policy samples, P12>P3>P9>P7>P11>P6>P4>P8>P2>P5>P10>P1, it can be seen that the quality of China's science and technology service industry policy shows a trend of "lower is better than upper", that is, the lower the government level, the higher the quality of science and technology service industry policy issued by the corresponding level of government.Furthermore, according to the average scores of the first-level variables of various policies, the six first-level variables cover areas, policy tools, policy audiences, policy implementation basis, industrial process and document citation have higher average scores and relatively excellent variable performance, while the four first-level variables policy nature, policy timeliness, policy operability and publishing institutions have lower average scores and relatively poor variable performance.
According to the PMC surface diagram of each policy and PMC model multi-input-output table, combined with the specific content of each policy, we can carry out horizontal or vertical comparative analysis between policy samples from different variable levels, discuss and find out the advantages and disadvantages of each policy, and then put forward countermeasures and suggestions for policy optimization, which is also the core part of this study.The results show that there are some problems in Liaoning's science and technology service industry policy, such as unclear cognition of policy objects, incomplete use of policy tools, imperfect construction of policy mechanism, etc.Therefore, it is necessary to enhance decision makers' understanding of the current situation and laws of industrial development, complete the shortcomings of policy tools and improve the policy mechanism.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 132-140 [Abstract] ( 333 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1352KB] ( 325 )
141 Research on the Processing Procedure of Research Misconduct：Comments on the "Rules for Investigation and Handling of Cases of Scientific Research Integrity (Trial)"
')" href="#"> Wang Jixia,Yin Jiaxi
Research misconduct have always been the phenomena resisted by the academia.In recent years, it has occurred frequently, among which Zhai Tianlin incident and gene editing baby incident have become hot topics among the public.The impact of these events prompted the academic community, universities, education management departments and science and technology management departments to strengthen the investigation of scientific research misconduct, and also led to a large increase in the number of reported cases of scientific research misconduct by the public.While the phenomena attract great public attention, government departments have continuously issued corresponding documents to strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity.For example, the opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Scientific Research Integrity jointly issued by the office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2018 proposed to "adhere to zero tolerance and maintain a high-pressure situation of severely cracking down on acts seriously violating the requirements of scientific research integrity".In 2019, the opinions on further carrying forward the spirit of scientists and strengthening the construction of style and style of study jointly issued by the office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council stressed that "strengthening the construction of style and style of study and creating a clean and positive scientific research environment" all showed a strict attitude of zero tolerance for scientific research misconduct.
In this context, in September 2019, the rules for investigation and handling of scientific research integrity cases (Trial) jointly issued by the Ministry of Science and technology and other 20 ministries and commissions have constructed the scientific research misconduct as a whole for the first time (scientific research integrity cases) the investigation and handling process system defines the responsibilities of various departments in handling scientific research misconduct cases, and integrates the previous decentralized regulations of various science and technology that there are specific and unified procedures for the investigation and handling of scientific research misconduct cases.the "rules for investigation and handling of cases of scientific research integrity (Trial)"has constructed the overall investigation and processing procedures of scientific research misconduct, which is a milestone document for the construction of scientific research integrity in China.
However, the "Investigation and Handling Rules of Scientific Research Integrity Cases (Trial)" can not really solve the problems such as the diversity of investigation subjects, the confusion between factual problems and academic problems, the lack of fairness of procedural rules and the lack of relief channels.It is necessary to learn from the experience of regulation of scientific research misconduct in the United States, make up for the lack of self-discipline in the scientific community through legal procedures, constantly improve the processing procedures of scientific research misconduct in the endogenous mechanism, force the investigation departments to standardize the internal investigation and processing procedures through legislative and judicial intervention in the external constraints, and construct the combination of self-discipline and external constraints of legal rules so as to purify the academic circles and promote "rejuvenating the country through science and technology".
The investigation of scientific research misconduct in the United States has experienced a process of extinction of "Scientific Dialogue", that is, in the past, scientists in the scientific community collected and reviewed relevant evidence.Because this model ignored and avoided the legitimacy of the investigation procedure, and the process was very slow, "for the investigation procedure of federal agencies, this is a bad model".Therefore, the development of the investigation and punishment procedure of scientific research misconduct has adopted a formal "legal model".Now the United States has established a complete and efficient processing program.Judicial review attaches great importance to the protection of the substantive rights (property rights, freedom rights, etc.) of the respondents in the investigation and handling procedures of academic / scientific research misconduct.China's handling of scientific research misconduct has also experienced a slow transition from "Scientific Dialogue" to the current limited introduction of public power and law The text has the characteristics of strong attribute of public power and weak judicial intervention and protection.In China's judicial practice, the judicial review of scientific research misconduct has achieved a certain degree of breakthrough.Although scientific research and academic behavior enjoy greater freedom and autonomy because of their professionalism and self-discipline, state supervision should maintain a relatively positive position and attitude when academic autonomy is suspected of "professional abuse".Therefore, the court should have the right to review the cases of scientific research misconduct, and China's norms of scientific research misconduct should also undergo a transformation from "Scientific Dialogue" to legal model, which shall urge the investigation department to standardize the internal investigation and handling procedures through necessary judicial intervention to realize procedural legitimacy, build a scientific research integrity construction system combining the self-discipline constraints of the scientific community and the external constraints of legal rules, so that research misconduct could be prevented not only because of severe punishment, but also good governance and self-conscience to truly purify the academic community and promote" rejuvenating the country through science and technology ".
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 141-149 [Abstract] ( 385 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1246KB] ( 268 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
150 Research on the Influence of Employment Mode on Employees Innovation
Shao Fang,Li Yu,Guo Jingxie
As the main body of enterprise innovation, the stimulation of employees′ innovative behaviors plays an important role in the improvement of enterprise core competitiveness and the country′s innovative development.What′s the difference between the two main employment modes in China, i.e.the open-term employment mode and the fixed-term employment mode, the employees' sense of job stability and recognition of the company? How do employees of different employment models view the actual fulfillment of corporate responsibilities and obligations? What impact will it have on the stimulation of employees′ innovative potential and subsequent behaviors? These micro problems have not attracted enough attention to the recruitment model, and it is difficult to get the answer from the macro perspective of social stability and enterprise competitive development.Therefore, only by studying the behavior of employees and their influence mechanisms under different employment modes can we better understand the specific impact of the labor contract law on employees.
This research is based on the analysis of current social phenomena, combined with existing research conclusions, starting from the organizational factors that affect employee behavior, and by constructing a model of the relationship between employment mode and innovative behavior, further revealing the difference between employment mode and innovative behavior influence mechanism.Previous studies on the influence of employment patterns on organizational behavior focused on a certain type of influencing mechanism, and lacked a systematic research system.Therefore, with regard to the mechanism of influence between the employment model and the innovative behavior of employees, on the one hand, the characteristics of different employment models should be considered, that is, the formation of a work-stress process.On the other hand, the impact of the employment model on the relationship between employees and the organization should also be included.Consider the category.After the employee signs a labor contract with the organization and enters the organization, they will go through the process of organizational socialization.In this process, there are two important processes at the same time, namely, social identification and social exchange.Therefore, this research explores the production mechanism of employees′ innovative behaviors under the employment relationship model through three aspects of processes, namely work-stress, social identity, and social exchange processes.
This paper selects a number of enterprises and institutions mainly in the Northwest region, involving 4 industry sectors of IT, construction, service and education as the survey samples, and finally obtained 439 questionnaires.After sampling inspection, a total of 399 valid questionnaires were obtained after excluding invalid samples.We used foreign mature scales for reference, translated the selected scales and appropriately deleted them based on the characteristics of the employees in the Chinese context, adopted the Likert 7-point scoring measurement and performed subsequent data analysis.
The results show that compared with indefinite employees, fixed-term employees are more likely to show less suggestive behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, and role innovation; job security and organizational identity completely mediate the impact of the employment model on the suggestions.Intermediate the impact of employment mode on organizational citizenship behavior and role innovation; fixed-term employees, under the perception of transactional and balanced psychological contracts, behave as relatively passive organizational citizenship behavior and role innovation.In addition, we also conducted a certain reason analysis for the unverified hypothesis in the conclusion, and combined the corresponding literature to prove it.
Starting from the organizational level influencing factors, this paper systematically considers the three integrated perspectives of the employment relationship model, the work-stress process, the social identification process and the social exchange process, deeply analyzes the psychological formation mechanism of employees′ innovative behavior at the individual level, and enriches related research on existing employment models.The existing research mainly focus on a single level and type, possibly ignoring certain important mechanisms.Systematic research can enrich the cross-level influence mechanism model between the employment model and the innovative behavior of employees.In addition, combining the perspective of employee psychological contract perception, by examining the moderating effect of employment patterns, we find the boundary conditions that change the effect of psychological contract perception on innovative behavior.
The research results of this article also have practical guiding significance for enterprises and employees.First of all, companies can make different regulations on the responsibilities and commitments of employees of different types of employment, but allow employees such as fixed-term employees to be upgraded and enjoy optimized benefits under the tenure system, and various incentive policies can enhance employees′ sense of safety and organizational identity.Secondly, companies can adopt a reasonable and competitive salary performance appraisal system to reduce unfairness while stimulating fixed-term employees′ morale to improve employee satisfaction and trust in the company.Finally, for employees, they should also develop forward-looking thinking and transformative vision, enhance their employability, and better implement two-way choice between enterprises.
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 150-160 [Abstract] ( 357 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1342KB] ( 595 )
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