|
|
Research on Enterprise Network, Big Data Capability and Business Model Innovation Mechanism |
Li Wen,Zhang Zhenzhen,Mei Lei |
(Institute of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology,Baotou 014010,China) |
|
|
Abstract The modern industry environment is complex and changeable.As an important means for enterprises to cope with the changeable economic environment, business model innovation is the core of enterprises to maintain competitive advantage.In the current fierce competition environment, the competition among enterprises does not only refer to product competition, but also business model competition.The business model competition among enterprises is not only the competition among quality, service and production cost, but also has developed into the network competition among enterprises including suppliers, competitors, distributors and other stakeholders.Under the constraint of resources, enterprises are confronted with the problem of lack of resources, and it is more and more difficult for a single enterprise to adapt to the increasingly complex dynamic environment.It is crucial for enterprises to innovate their business models by building enterprise networks to participate in market competition.Driven by the development of science and technology, big data is reshaping the business model of enterprises, and big data capability has become an important driving force for the business model innovation of enterprises.According to the existing research, enterprise network and big data capability are the key factors affecting the business model innovation of enterprises.In the process of innovation, the combination of enterprise resources and capabilities can effectively promote the business model innovation of enterprises.There is a nonlinear relationship between business model innovation, enterprise network, big data capability, and other variables in which many conditions work together, and it is an interdependent and highly complex whole.Most of the previous studies focused on the influence of a single factor on the business model innovation of enterprises.They focused on the influence of external driving factors such as emerging technologies on the business model innovation of enterprises, or considered the influence of the matching of more factors and network embedding on the business model innovation of enterprises, but ignored the influence of the multiple concurrent factors and multiple paths on the business model innovation of enterprises.Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is suitable for studying the influence of synergy between different elements on the business model innovation of enterprises, and exploring multiple paths leading to the same result.Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study adopted fsQCA method to explore the influence mechanism of enterprise network and big data capabilities on the business model innovation of new retail enterprises from two aspects of resources and capabilities.Specifically, this study takes 15 new retail enterprises as the research object.According to the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy", this study defines enterprise network as information resource sharing, organizational learning and network system establishment, and defines big data capability as resource integration capability, in-depth analysis capability and real-time insight and prediction capability.By using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, this paper explores the phenomenon of the business model innovation of enterprises, and deeply digs out the influence mechanism and paths of different configurations composed of the above six conditions on business model innovation from two levels of resources and capabilities.The empirical analysis results show that there are four types of traction condition configurations to promote the business model innovation of new retail enterprises: network system establishment type, resource integration ability booster type, depth analysis ability supplement type and information resource sharing booster type.There is equivalence among the four paths.The business model innovation is a complicated process.Facing the complicated and dynamic environment, the process of business model innovation of new retail enterprises will be more complicated. Based on the configuration perspective and set theory, this study mainly explores two research questions: how can enterprise network and big data capabilities cooperate to promote enterprise business model innovation? What are the influencing mechanism and paths of the business model innovation of new retail enterprises? The conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical support and reference for enterprises to implement the business model innovation.In addition, our research also has some contributions in theory.(1)Our research reveals the interaction mechanism between enterprise network and big data capabilities.We use QCA method to study the influence of synergy among different elements on business model innovation, and find that there is substitution effect among elements.(2)We introduce the fsQCA method into the research field of business model innovation of new retail enterprises, which enriches the theoretical research in this field.(3)Based on the theoretical logic of "resources-capabilities- synergy ", we find that configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capabilities can promote business model innovation.It is not limited to the positive influence of a single factor on business model innovation, but from the overall perspective of resources and capabilities, this paper explains the influence mechanism of configuration matching between enterprise network and big data capability on business model innovation, and expands the research perspective in the field of business model innovation.
|
Received: 19 October 2020
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 王炳成, 麻汕, 曾丽君.商业模式创新空间要素联动研究[J].管理学刊, 2020, 33(1): 70-81.[2] 吴晓波, 赵子溢.商业模式创新的前因问题: 研究综述与展望[J].外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(1): 114-127.[3] MARTINS L L, RINDOVA V P, GREENBAUM B E.Unlocking the hidden value of concepts:a cognitive approach to business model innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2015, 9(1): 99-117.[4] ZOOT C, AMIT R.Business model design: an activity system perspective[J].Long Range Planning, 2010, 43(2-3): 216-226.[5] 彼得·德鲁克.卓有成效的管理者[M].北京: 机械工业出版社,2011.[6] 孙国强, 吉迎东, 张宝建, 等.网络结构、网络权力与合作行为——基于世界旅游小姐大赛支持网络的微观证据[J].南开管理评论, 2016,19(1): 43-53.[7] 曾锵.大数据驱动的商业模式创新研究[J].科学学研究, 2019, 37(6): 1142-1152.[8] 张彩凤, 谢卫红, 王永健.大数据能力对企业绩效的作用机理研究——基于双元组织学习的过程视角[J].企业经济, 2019(7): 113-120.[9] 赵玲, 田增瑞, 常焙筌.创业资源整合对公司创业的影响机制研究[J].科技进步与对策, 2020, 37(6): 27-36.[10] CASAdESUS-MASANELL R, ZHU F.Business model innovation and competitive imitation: the case of sponsor-based business models[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2013, 34(4): 464-482.[11] 张辉, 苏昕.网络嵌入、动态能力与企业创新绩效——模糊集定性比较分析[J].科技进步与对策, 2020,37(6): 476-486.[12] 王永莲, 陈志霞, 于程颢.制造企业商业模式创新驱动机制研究——基于模糊集的定性比较分析[J].科技进步与对策, 2020,37(6): 476-486.[13] 孟迪云, 王耀中, 徐莎.网络嵌入性对商业模式创新的影响机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2016, 37(11): 152-165.[14] 王琳, 陈志军.价值共创如何影响创新型企业的即兴能力——基于资源依赖理论的案例研究[J].管理世界, 2020, 36(11): 96-110,131.[15] 黄昊, 王国红, 秦兰.科技新创企业资源编排对企业成长影响研究: 资源基础与创业能力共演化视角[J].中国软科学, 2020,35(7): 122-137.[16] 唐彬, 卢艳秋, 叶英平.大数据能力视角下平台企业知识创造模型研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2020, 43(7): 123-129.[17] 刘曦子.大数据能力影响互联网金融平台企业竞争优势机理研究——基于商业模式视角[D].北京: 对外经济贸易大学, 2018.[18] WAMBA S F, GUNASEKARAN A, AKTERR S, et al.Big data analytics and firm performance: effects of dynamic capabilities [J].Journal of Business Research, 2017, 70: 356-365.[19] 庞长伟, 李垣, 段光.整合能力与企业绩效:商业模式创新的中介作用[J].管理科学, 2015, 28(5): 31-41.[20] DAVENPOR H, THOMAS.How strategists use "big data" to support internal business decisions, discovery and production[J].Strategy&Leadership, 2018, 42(4): 45-50.[21] 宋华, 陈思洁, 于亢亢.商业生态系统助力中小企业资金柔性提升: 生态规范机制的调节作用[J].南开管理评论, 2018 ,34(3) : 11-22,34.[22] 李文, 张珍珍, 邢肖涵, 等.企业网络与商业模式创新关系研究——基于功能与演化视角[J].财会通讯, 2020(2): 162-168.[23] 王伟, 张善良, 王永伟,等.关系网络构建行为、商业模式创新与新创企业绩效——基于创新创业视角的实证研究[J].华东经济管理, 2017, 31(10): 43-51.[24] 王炳成, 郝兴霖, 刘露.战略性新兴产业商业模式创新研究——环境不确定性与组织学习匹配的视角[J].软科学,2020,34(10):1-9.[25] 李文, 张珍珍, 梅蕾.消费升级背景下大数据能力对商业模式创新的影响机理——基于小米和网易严选的案例研究[J].管理案例研究与评论, 2020, 13(1): 102-117.[26] 许冠南.关系嵌入性对技术创新绩效的影响研究[D].杭州: 浙江大学, 2008.[27] 陈思洁, 宋华.供应链金融视角下企业网络与企业能力对中小企业融资绩效的影响——一个链式中介模型[J].商业经济与管理, 2020,40(4): 18-28.[28] ROTHAER MEL F T, HESS A M.Building dynamic capabilities: innovation driven by individual firm and network level effects[J].Organization Science, 2007, 18(6) : 898-921.[29] 肖强.商业数字图书馆信息资源建设模式研究[J].现代情报, 2010, 30(7): 10-12,15.[30] 蒋旭灿, 王海花, 彭正龙.开放式创新模式下创新资源共享对创新绩效的影响——环境动荡性的调节效应[J].科学管理研究, 2011, 31(3): 5-10.[31] 马蓝, 安立仁.合作经验、吸收能力、网络权力对企业创新绩效的影响机制——基于组织学习视角[J].科技进步与对策, 2016, 33(1): 81-87.[32] 钱锡红, 杨永福, 徐万里.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效——一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界, 2010,26(5): 118-129.[33] 陈逢文, 付龙望, 张露, 等.创业者个体学习、组织学习如何交互影响企业创新行为——基于整合视角的纵向单案例研究[J].管理世界, 2020, 36(3): 142-164.[34] 田庆锋, 张银银, 马蓬蓬, 等.企业战略导向、组织学习对商业模式创新的影响研究[J].科技管理研究, 2018, 38(20): 15-23.[35] BOWLER W M, BRASS D J.Relational correlates of interpersonal citizenship behavior: a social network perspective[J].Journal of Applied Psychology, 2006, 91(1): 70-82.[36] ADLER P S, KWON S W.Social capital: prospects for a new concept[J].Academy of Management Review, 2002, 27(1): 17-40.[37] ARIKAN A M, MCGAHAN A M.The development of capabilities in new firms[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31 (1): 1-18.[38] SVEN M.LAUDIEN, BIRGIT DAXBOCK.Business model innovation processes of average market players: a qualitative-empirical analysis[J].R&D Management, 2017, 47(3): 122-138.[39] 吉峰, 张婷, 巫凡.大数据能力对传统企业互联网化转型的影响———基于供应链视角[J].学术界, 2016,31(2): 68-78, 326.[40] 冯芷艳, 郭迅华, 曾大军.大数据背景下商务管理研究若干前沿课题[J].管理科学学报, 2013, 16(1): 1-9.[41] WAMBA S F, GUNASEKARAN A, AKTER S, et al.Big data analytics and firm performance: effects of dynamic capabilities[J].Journal of Business Research, 2017, 70(8): 356-365.[42] 谢卫红, 李忠顺, 苏芳.高管支持、大数据能力与商业模式创新[J].研究与发展管理, 2018, 30(4): 152-162.[43] GUPTA M, GEORGE J F.Toward the development of a big data analytics capability[J].Information & Management, 2016, 53 (8): 1049-1064.[44] 陈国青.商务智能原理与方法[M].北京: 电子工业出版社, 2014.[45] 黄扬, 李伟权, 郭雄腾, 等.事件属性、注意力与网络时代的政策议程设置——基于40起网络焦点事件的定性比较分析(QCA)[J].情报杂志, 2019, 38(2): 123-130.[46] CHEN D Q, PRESTON D S, SWINK M.How the use of big data analytics affects value creation in supply chain management[J].Journal of Management Information Systems, 2015, 32(4): 4-39.[47] 陈国权.面向时空发展的组织学习理论[J].管理学报, 2017, 14(7): 982-989.[48] 李文亮, 赵息.外部学习、环境不确定性与突破性创新的关系研究[J].研究与发展管理, 2016, 28(2): 92-101.[49] PEERY-SMITH J E, SHALLEY C E.The social side of creativity: a static and dynamic social network perspective[J].Academy of Management Review, 2002, 28(1): 89-106.[50] WOLFF H G, MOSER K, GRAU A.Networking:theoretical foundations and construct validity[C].Germany: Rainer Hampp Mehring, 2008: 101-118.[51] 王冲.公司跨界创业的战略选择研究[D].吉林: 吉林大学, 2016.[52] ZOTT C, AMIT R.Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms[J].Organization Science, 2007, 18(2):181-199.[53] 许庆瑞, 吴志岩, 陈力田.转型经济中企业自主创新能力演化路径及驱动因素分析——海尔集团1984-2013年的纵向案例研究[J].管理世界, 2013,29(4): 121-134.[54] MUNOZ P, KIBLER E.Institutional complexity and social entrepreneurship: a fuzzy-set approach[J].Journal of Business Research.2016.69 (4): 1314-1318.[55] 杜运周, 贾良定.组态视角与定性比较分析(QCA): 管理学研究的一条新道路[J].管理世界, 2017,33(6): 155-167.[56] RAGINC.Set relations in social research: evaluating their consistency and coverage[J].Political Analysis, 2006(3): 291-310.[57] LIAO Y C, PHAN P H.Internal capabilities, external structural holes network positions, and knowledge creation[J].Journal of Technology Transfer, 2016, 41(5): 1-20.[58] EASTE Rby-SMITH M, PRITEO I M.Dynamic capabilities and knowledge management:an integrative role for learning[J].British Journal of Management, 2008, 19(3): 235-249.[59] 谢振东, 吴金成, 李之明, 等.企业大数据能力的构建与培育研究[J].广东工业大学学报, 2017, 34(3): 110-114.[60] 陈国权, 林燕玲, 周琦玮.面向多元化发展的组织学习模型[J].技术经济, 2018, 37(5): 14-24,47.[61] 蔡春红, 冯强.网络经济背景下企业价值网模块再造、价值重构与商业模式创新[J].管理学刊, 2017,30(4): 28-40. |
|
|
|