如何有针对性地开展绿色双元创新活动是企业亟待解决的问题。绿色双元创新根据不同匹配方式可分为绿色双元创新平衡和绿色双元创新互补。基于WSR方法论，以54个重污染行业企业为样本，运用fsQCA和NCA方法探究绿色双元创新驱动路径。结果发现：引致高绿色双元创新互补的类型可分为高管团队主导的技术资源驱动型、外部压力下高管团队与技术混合驱动型；引致高绿色双元创新平衡的类型可分为市场竞争下资源驱动型、外部压力下高管团队与资源混合驱动型。未吸收冗余是高绿色双元创新平衡的核心条件，技术多元化是高绿色双元创新互补的核心条件；绿色双元创新平衡重视事理和物理层面的因素协同，绿色双元创新互补强调人理和物理层面的因素协同。

In the context of "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals", enterprises in heavily polluting industries face severe challenges of high emissions and pollution. Green innovation has become an important and effective way for them to address the challenges to achieve sustainable development. However, due to the lack of sensitivity to environmental trends, they usually conduct passive imitation and fail to implement the innovation targeted with green, especially the discussion on green dual innovation. Green dual innovation can be divided into balanced green innovation and combined green innovation. Under the premise of scarce resources, carrying out two types of innovation by enterprises will occupy more resources and exacerbate the tension of resources. How to build effective green innovation strategies for heavily polluting enterprises has become a key topic for both academia and industry. Existing literature has predominantly examined the causal distinctions between dual innovation types within enterprises from a unidirectional viewpoint, failing to elucidate the synergistic role of multiple factors in achieving a harmonized and integrated approach to green dual innovation within intricate networks. Unraveling the nuances and interplay between the combined and balanced aspects of green innovation is essential for guiding businesses in tailoring green innovation initiatives to their specific circumstances. Therefore, this study attempts to address the following questions: How are the antecedents of green dual innovation linked? What is the difference between the driving path of balanced and combined green dual innovation?
This study constructs a research framework for green dual innovation based on the WSR system methodology, and uses fuzzy qualitative comparison (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) methods to analyze the impact of different levels of factors on enterprise green dual innovation and the configuration effects among factors. Specifically, this study selects 54 A-share listed companies from 15 heavily polluting industries as research objects, such as enterprises in the oil and gas extraction industry, textile industry, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry, etc. Regarding the measurement of variables, this study uses the number of green patent applications by enterprises to measure their level of green innovation, and adopts text analysis methods to measure the environmental attention of executive teams. Also, environmental regulation intensity is measured by a comprehensive index with multiple indicators, and market competition pressure is measured with the HHI index.
The research results show that a single condition makes it difficult to fully explain the mechanism driving green dual innovation in enterprises. Six antecedent conditions from the three levels of Renli, Wuli, and Shili factors have the synergistic effect on green dual innovation. The paths that lead to high-level combined green dual innovation can be divided into two categories: technology resource driven by the leadership of the executive management team, and mixed technology driven by the executive team under external pressure. The key paths to high-level balanced green dual innovation can be divided into two categories: resource driven under market competition and mixed driven by executive teams and resources under external pressure. The differences in key preconditions for green dual innovation mainly focus on the Wuli level, among which unabsorbed redundancy is the core condition for achieving a high-level balanced green dual innovation. Technological diversification is a core condition for promoting combined green dual innovation in enterprises. The balanced green dual innovation emphasizes the coordination between the Shili and Wuli levels. The combined green dual innovation emphasizes the synergy between Renli and Wuli levels.
This study presents potential contribution as following. First, this study constructs a configuration model that drives green innovation, delving into the synergistic effect of multiple variables on driving green dual innovation. Furthermore, it helps to enrich research in related fields such as technological diversification and executive team environmental attention. Second, this study introduces the WSR methodology combining the characteristics of Chinese philosophical speculation, into the field of green innovation, which provides a new methodological perspective for green innovation. Finally, it further refines the driving mechanism of green innovation by exploring the balance and combined dimensions of green dual innovation. The conclusions provide alternative paths for enterprises in different scenarios to achieve green dual innovation, and advance the research on the influencing factors of green dual innovation.