破坏性创新因资源投入少、竞争压力小等优势成为一种重要的创新模式,但其机会识别与开发这一关键问题仍未得到有效解决。引入公司创业理论,以比亚迪公司为研究对象,运用扎根理论对案例进行剖析。结果发现:公司创业企业在创业警觉支撑下,通过扫描搜索、发散提炼和评估判断过程识别破坏性创新机会,并驱动企业通过资源拼凑整合内外部资源,进而迅速开发破坏性创新机会。此外,为入侵主流市场,企业需要在全过程保持警觉;资源拼凑随着破坏性创新的深入呈现由低阶向高阶、由内部资源向社会网络资源演化的趋势。结论在理论上丰富了破坏性创新相关研究,在实践上可为企业构建破坏性创新路径提供参考。
Disruptive innovation has become an important innovation model due to its advantages such as low resource investment and low competition. However,the key issue of opportunity identification and development has not been effectively resolved. This article introduces the company entrepreneurship theory,selects BYD as the research object,and uses the grounded theory to analyze the case. The research found that: under the auspices of entrepreneurial alertness,company startups perceive and identify disruptive innovation opportunities through the process of scanning,diversifying,refining,and evaluating judgments,and drive enterprises to integrate internal and external resources through resource bricolage,thereby rapidly developing disruptive innovation opportunities. In addition,with the deepening of disruptive innovation,the resource bricolage shows an evolutionary trend from low-level to high-level,from internal resources to social network resources. This article theoretically enriches the relevant research on disruptive innovation,and in practice provides countermeasures and suggestions for enterprises to build a disruptive innovation path.
[1] 李平,臧树伟.基于破坏性创新的后发企业竞争优势构建路径分析[J].科学学研究,2015,33(2):295-303.
[2] 陈卉,斯晓夫,刘婉.破坏性创新:理论,实践与中国情境[J].系统管理学报,2019,28(6):1021-1028+1040.
[3] 刘文勇.颠覆式创新的内涵特征与实现路径解析[J].商业研究,2019,43(2):18-24.
[4] 王金凤,于飞,冯立杰,等.市场环境影响下颠覆式创新实现路径研究——基于小米公司案例的扎根分析[J].科技进步与对策,2020,37(5):1-9.
[5] 胡洪浩,王重鸣.创业警觉研究前沿探析与未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2013,35(12):11-19.
[6] 刘刚.创业企业商业模式的多层次结构创新——基于战略创业的欧宝聚合物案例分析[J].中国工业经济,2018(11):174-192.
[7] TASAVORI M,KWONG C,PRUTHI S. Resource bricolage and growth of product and market scope in social enterprises[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development,2018,30(3-4):336-361.
[8] MIOCEVIC D,MORGAN R E. Operational capabilities and entrepreneurial opportunities in emerging market firms[J]. International Marketing Review,2018,35(2):320-341.
[9] 周翔,罗顺均,吴能全,等.核心能力快速丧失企业的公司创业——基于海印商业运营的公司创业纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,2018,34(6):157-172+181.
[10] IRELAND R D,HITT M A,CAMP S M,et al. Integrating entrepreneurship and strategic management actions to create firm wealth[J]. Academy of Management Executive,2001,15(1):49-63.
[11] 徐广平,张金山,杜运周.环境与组织因素组态效应对公司创业的影响——一项模糊集的定性比较分析[J].外国经济与管理,2020,42(1):3-16.
[12] 胡洪浩,王重鸣.公司创业决策中的组织警觉产生过程:一个纵向新零售案例研究[J].商业经济与管理,2018,38(5):28-39.
[13] FISHER G. Effectuation,causation,and bricolage: a behavioral comparison of emerging theories in entrepreneurship research[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2012,36(5):1019-1051.
[14] 赵兴庐,刘衡,张建琦.冗余如何转化为公司创业——资源拼凑和机会识别的双元式中介路径研究[J].外国经济与管理,2017,39(6):54-67.
[15] SARASVATHY S,KUMAR K,YORK J G. An effectual approach to international entrepreneurship: overlaps,challenges,and provocative possibilities[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2014,38(1):71-93.
[16] KIRZNER I M. Competition and entrepreneurship[J]. University of Chicago Press Economics Books,1978.
[17] 周键,徐凤增.创业者是天生的吗——创业自我效能感的中介效应[J].科技进步与对策,2019,36(19):74-80.
[18] VALLIERE D. Towards a schematic theory of entrepreneurial alertness[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2013,28(3):430-442.
[19] TANG J,KACMAR K M,BUSENITZ L. Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2012,27(1):77-94.
[20] LEVI-STRAUSS. The savage mind[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1967.
[21] BAKER T,NELSON R E. Creating something from nothing: resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,2005,50(3):329-366.
[22] 张玉利,田新,王晓文.有限资源的创造性利用——基于冗余资源的商业模式创新:以麦乐送为例[J].经济管理,2009,31(3):119-125.
[23] 于晓宇,李雅洁,陶向明.创业拼凑研究综述与未来展望[J].管理学报,2017,14(2):306-316.
[24] STINCHFIELD B T,NELSON R E,WOOD M S.Learning from lévi-strauss' legacy: art,craft,engineering,bricolage,and brokerage in entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2013,37(4): 889-921.
[25] CHRISTENSEN C M. The innovation's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail[M]. Boston,MA: Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[26] 程鹏,柳卸林,李洋,等.本土需求情景下破坏性创新的形成机理研究[J].管理科学,2018,31(2):33-44.
[27] HWANG J,CHRISTENSEN C M. Disruptive innovation in health care delivery: a framework for business model innovation[J]. Health Affairs,2008,27(5):13-29.
[28] 臧树伟,胡左浩.后发企业破坏性创新时机选择[J].科学学研究,2017,35(3):438-446+479.
[29] 尚甜甜,缪小明,鲁迪.国外破坏性创新影响因素研究综述——基于1997-2017年文献的系统评价[J].科技进步与对策,2019,36(19):153-160.
[30] YU D, HANG C C. Creating technology candidates for disruptive innovation:generally applicable R&D strategies[J]. Technovation,2011,31(8):401-410.
[31] GLASER B G,STRAUSS A L. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research[M]. New York: Aldine Publishing Company,1967.
[32] 贾旭东,衡量.基于“扎根精神”的中国本土管理理论构建范式初探[J].管理学报,2016,13(3):336-346.
[33] 陈向明.扎根理论在中国教育研究中的运用探索[J].北京大学教育评论,2015,13(1):2-15+188.
[34] 葛宝山,高洋,蒋大可,等.机会-资源一体化开发行为研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(5):99-108.