新能源汽车产业快速发展为企业提供了新市场机遇，构建标准合作网络成为提升企业技术创新能力的重要途径。围绕“如何把握新能源汽车产业标准合作网络结构特征与演化规律”这一关键问题，以2006—2023年我国新能源汽车产业国家标准数据为研究对象，采用社会网络分析法构建标准合作网络，从静态和动态两个方面深入分析中心性、结构洞、小世界性等特征及全生命周期演化规律。研究发现：①在我国新能源汽车产业标准合作网络中，大型企业和少量高校、科研院所占据网络核心位置；②标准合作网络中的最强连接子网具有明显的小世界特征；③网络演化经历了起步期、成长期、跨越期和蓬勃期4个阶段，网络规模扩张迅速，网络连通性越来越强。研究结论揭示我国新能源汽车产业标准合作网络结构特征与演化规律，为推动产业技术标准化进程提供支撑。

Under the national strategy of "accelerating the implementation of an innovation-driven development strategy," the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has gradually become a crucial pillar for industrial transformation, upgrading, and green, low-carbon development. The rapid development of the NEV industry not only relies on technological advancements but also requires strong synergy in standardization. As a critical factor in technological innovation and industrial development, technical standards play an important role in promoting resource integration and technology sharing throughout the industry chain. However, there are still some deficiencies in China′s core technical standards for NEVs, especially in terms of the gap with advanced international standards, highlighting shortcomings in standard-setting, technological R&D, and industry-academia-research collaboration. To this end, there is an urgent need to bolster collaborative innovation in technical standards and to establish a robust industrial standards cooperation network. Furthermore, the contributions and leadership roles of core enterprises and research institutions in standardization have increasingly become key factors affecting the competitive landscape of the industry. Their progress in standardization not only impacts the healthy development of the industry but also provides feedback and insights for collaborative innovation.
To better understand the characteristics and evolution of the standard cooperation network within China's NEV industry, this paper examines national standards in China′s NEV industry as the research subject; by employing social network analysis, the study constructs a standard cooperation network and conducts an in-depth analysis of the network′s structural features and key nodes. The research focuses on identifying the core actors within the standard cooperation network, analyzing the overall structural cohesion of the network, and assessing the collaborative relationships among actors. By measuring indicators such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality, the study reveals the roles and influence of different actors in the standard cooperation network, particularly highlighting the leading roles of large enterprises and research institutions in standardization cooperation. Additionally, it applies life cycle theory to divide the evolutionary process of the standard cooperation network into different stages, analyzing structural changes at each stage to uncover the evolutionary patterns of standardization cooperation in the NEV industry.
The analysis results indicate that China′s NEV industry-standard cooperation network exhibits a significant small-world characteristic, wherein high clustering and short characteristic path lengths exist among the actors in the network. This structural feature helps accelerate information flow and knowledge sharing, promoting collaborative innovation among the actors. Through structural hole analysis, the study concludes that certain core enterprises, such as BYD, CATL, and Huawei, occupy key positions in the network, and they act as information bridges between different actors and effectively facilitating the integration of heterogeneous resources. These companies not only accumulate rich knowledge and experience in NEV technology but also enhance their control and information access capabilities within the standard cooperation network by occupying structural hole positions, thereby supporting innovative development in the industry. Furthermore, using a logistic model, this study conducts a phase-by-phase analysis of the standard cooperation network's evolution and divides the network′s development into four stages: initial, growth, breakthrough, and flourishing phases. The network scale and structural characteristics exhibit distinct changes at different development stages.
In summary, this paper provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for understanding the standardization process of the NEV industry by analyzing the characteristics and evolution of China's NEV industry-standard cooperation network. The findings indicate that core enterprises in the standard cooperation network play a vital role in driving industrial innovation and standardization, while the network's small-world structure and structural hole effects enhance information dissemination efficiency and resource integration capabilities. This study not only offers significant guidance for standardization practices in China′s NEV industry but also provides practical insights for policymakers and the industry in constructing and optimizing standard cooperation networks. By strengthening industry-academia-research collaboration, promoting standardization alliance building, and enhancing fundamental and generic technology research, China can further improve standard innovation and sustainable development in the NEV industry.