上下游企业协同合作对于企业培育技术标准化能力，实现产业链上下游标准有效衔接具有重要意义。基于社会网络理论与资源基础理论，以2013—2022年中国汽车行业上市企业为研究对象，从技术、市场两个层面探讨供应链网络位置对企业技术标准化能力的影响，以及企业数字化应用水平的调节作用，进一步分析供应链网络位置对不同类型技术标准化能力、技术创新能力的影响差异。结果发现，处于供应链网络优势位置的企业，其技术标准化能力较强；处于网络中心位置的企业，其技术标准化能力更强。机制检验表明，技术创新能力、市场势力在供应链网络位置与企业技术标准化能力间发挥中介作用；企业数字化应用水平正向调节程度中心度与技术创新能力、市场势力的正向关系。进一步分析发现，相较于结构洞，程度中心度对不同类型企业技术标准化能力、技术创新能力的正向影响更显著；相较于协同创新能力，独立创新能力对企业技术标准化能力的正向影响更显著。结论可为企业利用供应链网络位置提升自身技术标准化能力提供理论指导。

High-tech enterprises' involvement in shaping technical standards is pivotal for their innovation endeavors and securing a competitive edge in both domestic and global markets. The contemporary corporate rivalry transcends the realm of products and services, encompassing the entire supply chain. Suppliers and customers, as key external stakeholders, significantly influence a company's operational decisions and serve as vital sources of external knowledge. The existing studies have extensively discussed technical standardization capabilities of enterprises from the perspective of external networks, but they have reached unanimous conclusions. As an important part of the external network of enterprises, the supply chain network has been neglected by existing research. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring the influence of the supply chain network on the technical standardization capabilities of enterprises, including how their network positions may affect these capabilities. Furthermore, digital technology, as a key driver of technological innovation, has profoundly altered the operational dynamics of corporate external networks. It has introduced new challenges to established theories like network embedding and structural hole theory. Given the rapid evolution of digital technology, the impact of digital technologies on the external networks of enterprises has not been fully discussed. Therefore, this paper further explores the moderating role that the level of digital application may play in the relationship between the supply chain network and the technical standardization capabilities of enterprises.
Drawing on the social network theory and the resource dependence theory, this paper takes the listed companies in China's A-share automobile industry from 2013 to 2022 as the research object, constructs a supply chain network based on the top five suppliers and customer data disclosed by the enterprises, examining the influence of supply chain network positioning on technology standardization capability at both the technological and market levels and the moderating effect of enterprise digital application level, and further discusses the impact of supply chain network location on different types of technology standardization capabilities and technological innovation capabilities.
The study finds that enterprises in the advantageous position within the supply chain network have strong technical standardization capabilities. Enterprises located at the center of the supply chain network exhibit stronger technical standardization capabilities than those at the periphery. Mechanism testing reveals that technological innovation capabilities and market dominance act as mediators between supply chain network positioning and enterprises' technical standardization capabilities. The level of enterprise digital application positively moderates the relationship between centrality and both technological innovation ability and market power. However, the adjustment of structural holes is not significant. Further analysis shows that the degree centrality has a stronger positive impact on the technical standardization ability and technological innovation ability of different types of enterprises compared to the structural hole. The positive impact of independent innovation capabilities on enterprise technology standardization capabilities is stronger than that of collaborative innovation capabilities.
The possible contributions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, it discusses the impact of supply chain network location on enterprise technology standardization capabilities for the first time, and analyzes the difference in the influence of centrality and structure hole on enterprise technology standardization capabilities, which expands the research scope of supply chain network and enterprise technology standardization capabilities, and provides reference for enterprises to improve enterprise technology standardization capability by building advantageous supply chain network location. Secondly, from the dual channels of technology and market, this paper reveals the influence mechanism of supply chain network location on the technology standardization capability of enterprises, and analyzes the impact of enterprise digital application level. This helps enterprises choose appropriate technology standardization strategies based on different network environments and their own digital level, and maximize the advantages of enterprise network location. Finally, this paper analyzes the differences between the influence of independent innovation capability and collaborative innovation capability on the technology standardization capability of enterprises, and reveals the influencing factors of technology standardization capabilities more comprehensively.