激发数字强国战略下军民科技协同创新动力，成为建设国防科技创新体系的重要发力点。以2015—2022年上市公司为样本，在利用DEA计算军民科技协同创新效率的基础上，实证探究数字化转型对军民科技协同创新的作用效果及影响机制。研究发现，数字化转型对军民科技协同创新的作用呈显著U型关系。异质性分析表明，相较于底层技术层面的数字化转型方式，实践应用层面的数字化转型对军民科技协同创新的驱动力更大；与非国有、民参军企业相比，国有企业与军转民企业数字化转型对军民科技协同创新的作用更显著。机制分析表明，数字化转型主要通过开发式创新加快军民科技协同创新，探索式创新的作用不显著；市场集中度的正向调节作用具有门槛效应，当市场集中度超过门槛值时，数字化转型的赋能效应开始减弱。进一步分析发现，环境不确定性导致数字化转型拐点前置，即缓解数字化转型对军民科技协同创新的负面影响；供应链集中度引致数字化转型拐点后移，即增强数字化转型对军民科技协同创新的积极影响。

Establishing a military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation system is crucial for optimizing national resources and integrating military and civilian efforts. The current revolution in military science and technology, marked by unmanned intelligence, demands a new paradigm for innovation to meet evolving needs. Traditional models fall short, as they struggle with dispersed innovation entities, weak synergistic motivation, and unclear innovation node relationships, hindering the efficiency of collaborative innovation. Addressing these issues is key to enhancing the driving force for building digital China and developing a robust national defense science and technology innovation system. However, China is a late-developed country in the digital transformation of the military field. The domestic military intelligence strategy layout is relatively scattered and has not yet formed a global strategy for overall upgrading. Moreover, many domestic enterprises still view digital transformation merely as an extension of internet adoption, treating digital technology as a mere tool for optimizing business processes and enhancing efficiency. This perception limits the full potential of digital technology and results in the underperformance of digital transformation initiatives. Therefore, this paper addresses whether digital transformation can become a sustainable driver of military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation and a strategic support for enhancing the overall efficiency of the national innovation system at a micro level. Furthermore, at present, the academic community mainly reflects the impact of digital transformation on military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation from the macro level, but few studies explore the fluctuation, adaptation and stability process of military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation under the impact of digital transformation from a micro perspective.
Drawing on the sample of listed companies from 2015 to 2022, this paper uses DEA to calculate the efficiency of military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation, and puts the core variables into the Tobit model for regression. Then the heterogeneous factors of different digital transformation methods, civil-military integration directions and property rights are introduced to further empirically explore the effect and influence mechanism of digital transformation on military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation.
It is found that the effect of digital transformation on collaborative innovation of military and civilian science and technology shows a significant U-shaped relationship. After endogeneity and robustness tests, this conclusion is still valid. With regard to the heterogeneity problem, compared with the digital transformation mode at the basic technical level, the digital transformation at the practical application level has a stronger driving force for the collaborative innovation of military and civilian science and technology.Compared with non-state-owned and civilian military enterprises, the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises and military-to-civilian enterprises has a more obvious effect on the collaborative innovation of military and civilian science and technology. The mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation mainly accelerates the collaborative innovation of military and civilian science and technology through development innovation, but it does not show a significant incentive effect on exploratory innovation.
Further research finds that the positive moderating effect of market concentration has a threshold effect. When market concentration exceeds a certain limit, the enabling effect of digital transformation begins to weaken or even disappear. The analysis shows that environmental uncertainty hastens the transition from the decline to the rise phase of the digital transformation curve, and alleviates the negative impact of digital transformation on military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation. The concentration of the supply chain delays the inflection point of digital transformation from the decline to the rise phase and enhances the positive impact of digital transformation on military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation.
The research conclusions provide empirical evidence and relevant reference for clarifying the dependence relationship between digital transformation and military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation, and boost the release of innovation vitality under the national defense science and technology innovation system.