基于人机交互视角探讨领导者与人工智能（AI）的互动关系以及AI对领导力发展的影响。首先，重点阐述领导者与AI在人机交互下的关系演变，包括命令执行、镜像对称、智能主导、交互共生4个阶段，以及领导者面临的新情境。其次，以决策、共情和创新为维度，探讨领导者与AI在各个维度的角色功能以及两者之间的交互作用。最后，提出实践进路，旨在确保领导者与AI之间的高效交互，包括塑造AI伦理确保算法“向善”、领导者发挥责任主体作用以及数据治理推动组织智能化发展。揭示领导者与AI之间交互作用的动态性，推动人机交互理论发展。同时，分析领导者与AI在决策、共情和创新等维度的交互作用，为领导力变革、角色职能变化和领导力需求等方面的进一步研究奠定基础。

With the rise of the intelligent revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) came into being. AI refers to the process of simulating and extending human intelligence, enabling computer systems to possess cognitive abilities similar to those of humans. Achieving this goal typically relies on core technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and pattern recognition. Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a technology that involves the mutual influence and interaction between humans and AI, focusing on the design and implementation of user-friendly interfaces to facilitate interaction between users and computer intelligent systems. HCI encompasses important aspects such as user experience, human-computer interface, and interaction design. The human-computer interaction between leaders and AI refers to the communication process where leaders interact with AI based on common goals.
In the traditional context, leaders play a key role in decision-making and commanding in organizations, and their behavioral characteristics usually reflect subjectivity and personal experience. However, on the basis of data analysis and model training, AI can quickly extract and analyze valuable information, reflecting the objectivity of technology. In contrast, leaders' behavior is limited by personal resources and cognitive bias, while AI's data-driven decision-making provides objective and unbiased analysis results, forming a sharp contrast. Yet, there is a lack of research on the interaction between leaders and AI, so it is necessary to explore it in depth.
First of all, this paper focuses on the evolution of the relationship between leaders and AI under human-computer interaction, including the stages of "command execution", "mirror symmetry", "intelligent leadership" and "interactive symbiosis", as well as the new requirements faced by leaders, including re-examining the leadership role, reshaping leadership skills, adhering to the unique characteristics of human beings, and demonstrating leadership empathy. Secondly, taking decision-making, empathy and innovation as dimensions, this study discusses the role and function of leaders and AI in various dimensions and the interaction between them. In the aspect of decision-making, the differences between leadership decision-making and AI decision-making, the advantages and limitations of AI decision-making, and how to enhance the effect of decision-making between man and machine are discussed. In the aspect of empathy, it discusses whether artificial intelligence is emotional, related theories, and how to establish an emotional connection between man and machine. In terms of innovation, this paper discusses the innovation interaction between man and machine from the generation stage, elaboration stage, defense stage and implementation stage. Finally, this paper proposes corresponding practices, including shaping AI ethics to ensure that algorithms are good, leaders play the role of responsible subjects, and data governance to promote the development of organizational intelligence.
In summary, this study offers theoretical significance in three aspects. Firstly, previous studies have mainly focused on how a particular leadership behavior can use AI to enhance effectiveness or improve the relationship between superiors and subordinates. There is a lack of research on the human-machine interaction between leaders and AI. This study enriches the literature on human-machine interaction and expands the development of leadership research in the context of organizational intelligence, while also providing a new research perspective for the field of human-machine interaction. Secondly, this study utilizes the “leader-follower” research framework to deeply explore the evolution of the relationship between leaders and AI. It applies traditional interpersonal interaction patterns to the field of human-machine interaction, revealing the dynamics of the interaction between leaders and AI, and further promoting the development of human-machine interaction theory. Finally, by analyzing the interactive processes between leaders and AI in decision-making, empathy, and innovation, this study reveals the leadership transformation in the context of organizational intelligence. It analyzes the impact of AI on the roles and functions of leaders, helping the theoretical community to re-examine the new changes in leadership and grasp the leadership needs and development direction in the era of intelligence. This provides a foundation for constructing leadership theories for the intelligent era.