数据要素是高质量发展的战略性基础性资源，也是推动数字经济增长的动力，对新质生产力提升具有重要意义。遵循TOE—战略类型分析框架，以我国内地30个省份为例，采用fsQCA、NCA、ANN整合方法，从数据要素市场化配置两个阶段探讨在技术战略、组织资源、外部环境交互作用下，中国数据要素市场化高水平发展的联动路径。研究发现：①单个因素不是构成数据要素市场化高水平发展的必要条件，数据要素市场化高水平发展是多维度因素协同作用的结果；②中国数据要素市场化高水平发展在市场化建设阶段存在两条联动路径，即技术—组织—市场多元基础设施驱动型、技术—政府—市场多元竞争驱动型；价值化配置阶段存在4条联动路径，即技术—政策双元禀赋驱动型、技术—产业双元开放驱动型、技术—政府—产业多元开放驱动型、技术—组织—环境均衡驱动型。其中，技术驱动型作为核心组态分布较普遍；③两阶段技术维度中数据技术基础设施和信息商务化水平对数据要素市场化高水平发展的贡献更显著。研究结论有助于深化对中国数据要素市场化高水平发展路径复杂机理的理解，为构建数据要素大市场提供经验证据和管理启示。

Data elements are strategic and fundamental resources for China's development and serve as a powerful driving force for the digital economy's growth. As a new type of production factor, the data element is unique because it represents an advanced productive force-new productive force. Data elements are of fundamental significance for realizing data value, digital industrialization, and digitalization of governance, and have the characteristics of high transformability, high innovativeness, and high integrability. The exploration of the linkage path to achieve the marketized high-level development of data elements significantly improves new-quality productive forces.
At present, China is in the initial exploration stage in promoting the marketization of data factors. At this stage, research predominantly begins with theoretical analysis, often focusing on a single factor. There is a need for more detailed, stage-by-stage identification of the complex causal relationships and the diverse concurrent paths involved in the marketization of data elements. Regarding research methods, few scholars use fuzzy qualitative comparison to analyze the configuration effect of market-oriented development of data elements, and few works of literature use artificial neural network models to analyze their relative importance. In addition, most existing studies construct an index system from a single stage or link of data element marketization and measure its development level, failing to consider the entire stage of data element marketization development and the identification of related variables. In different stages of data factor marketization allocation, are there core and necessary conditions for the realization of high-level development of data factor marketization? Which paths can be combined to improve the level of data factor marketization? What is the relative importance of each path? These questions still need to be further explored.
Utilizing the theoretical framework of the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) strategy typology, this study examines 30 provinces in China as case studies spanning from 2020 to 2022. It applies a fsQCA-NCA-ANN methodology to discover the multiple linkage paths of China's data element marketization and high-level development from the two phases of data element marketization construction and valorization-allocation, as well as the three levels of technological strategy, organizational resources, and external environment based on the grouping perspective.
The conclusions and practical implications are presented. First, more than the technical strategy, organizational resources, and external environment of the two stages must constitute the conditions for the high-level market-oriented development of data elements. Therefore, the high-level development of China's data element marketization results from the synergistic and supporting effects of various antecedents in the two stages. Second, the high-level development of data element marketization is formed by the joint action of multiple factors, and there are two realization paths in the stage of data element marketization construction, i.e., technology-organization-market diversified infrastructure-driven and technology-government-market diversified competition-driven.There are four realization paths in the data element valorization-allocation process, i.e., technology-policy binary endowment-driven, technology-industry binary openness-driven, technology-government-industry multiple openness driven, and technology-organization-environmental balance driven. These paths reflect the various ways in which the high-level development of the marketization of data elements can be achieved across different provinces and under varying development conditions. Configuration analysis reveals a variety of realization paths to achieve high-level development in the two stages of market-oriented construction and value-oriented allocation of data elements. The diversity of these paths reflects the complexity of the two stages. Each province should flexibly choose the appropriate implementation path according to the specific situation to achieve the high-level development of marketization of data elements. Finally, the relative importance of each antecedent condition in the two stages is ranked by ANN sensitivity analysis. In the stage of market-oriented construction, infrastructure maturity is the most influential antecedent condition. In areas with relatively complete information infrastructure construction, paths and combinations such as organizational soundness, government support, and significant data market demand can realize the high-level development of data element marketization. The information commercialization level is the most critical antecedent condition in the value allocation stage. Strengthening the construction of new information facilities and improving the level of information commercialization are still the top priorities at this stage. The balanced development of technology strategy, organizational resources, and external environment can achieve a higher level of marketization of data elements. Therefore, the antecedent conditions of the technological strategy dimension contribute more to the high-level marketization development of data elements.