Urban agglomerations are important carriers of socio-economic activities, and urban innovation capability is an important guarantee for high-quality development.It is of great significance for the spatial innovation of urban agglomeration to develop and expand urban agglomeration and metropolitan areas, guide the development direction and construction focus of large, medium and small cities by classification, and form a dense and coordinated urbanization spatial pattern with sound functions.Regional economic development has long been in a single-center or multi-center structure, but there are various opinions in the existing literature on which regional spatial structure is more conducive to regional economic development.Some scholars argue that a single-center structure is more conducive to unleashing the positive effects of economic agglomeration, while others believe that the transformation of the spatial structure of urban agglomerations from a single-center to a multi-center structure is a necessary requirement for regional development.There has not been a consensus on whether the spatial structure (single-center structure or multi-center structure) affects innovation in urban agglomerations,〓and it remains unclear if it has a heterogeneous impact on the innovation performance of different cities within urban agglomerations.
Drawing on the regional sample data of the top ten national-level urban agglomerations in China from 2004 to 2020, and the innovation and entrepreneurship index compiled by the Enterprise Big Data Research Center of Peking University, this study employs the fixed effects model and instrumental variable method to explore the impact of urban agglomeration spatial structure on urban innovation capability and its spatial effects.
The results indicate that the spatial structure of multi-center urban agglomerations is more conducive to urban innovation capabilities, and the division of labor and cooperation of urban agglomerations and urban economic agglomeration are the key mechanisms by which the spatial structure of urban agglomerations affects urban innovation capabilities.The impact of the spatial structure of multi-center urban agglomerations on the innovation capability performance of cities in the central and western regionsfollows a U-shaped pattern, initially suppressing and then enhancing innovation, and the innovation performance of small and medium-sized cities is more prominent compared to large cities.In addition, peer government competition within urban agglomerations exhibits a negative moderating effect on the impact of the multi-center structure on urban innovation capabilities.
The above research conclusions provide some important policy implications.It is necessary to avoid the development model of urban agglomerations being dominated by one city and to moderately promote the spatial structure of multiple centers.Thus, the government should promote the division of labor and cooperation within urban agglomerations and select the spatial structure of urban agglomerations according to local conditions with a focus on safeguarding the economic rights and interests of small and medium-sized cities so as to guide the efficient agglomeration of urban economy.It is also essential to accelerate the optimization of the spatial distribution structure of polycentric urban agglomerations, focus on promoting the overall division of labor and cooperation in the region, as well as the reasonable economic agglomeration of member cities within the urban agglomerations, and promote the high-quality development of urban agglomerations.
By analyzing the impact and transmission mechanisms of regional spatial structure from the perspective of regional division of labor, cooperation, and economic agglomeration, this study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the regional innovation mechanism of urban agglomeration spatial structure.Then, from the perspective of the spatial structure of urban agglomerations, the impact and spatial effects of urban agglomeration innovation have been revealed, which enriches relevant literature research on the impact of spatial economic geography dimensions on the innovation performance and spatial regional differences of urban agglomerations.Last but not least, on the basis of the empirical testing conducted to examine the moderating effect of peer government competition within urban agglomerations at the level of multi-center urban structure and urban regional innovation, the study provides empirical evidence supporting government innovation in urban spatial management ideas and optimization policies.
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