The COVID-19 epidemic has had serious social and economic impacts around the world, and the United Nations "2022 Sustainable Development Goals Report" points out that the long-term economic weakness and the massive use of social resources to cope with the impact of the epidemic have led to countries facing a shortage of materials and a significant increase in the funding gap for economic recovery. As resources are limited and people's demand for a high quality of life continues to grow, it is critical for sustainable socio-economic development if enterprises can break through resource constraints and continue to innovate independently against financial, technological, and time constraints. Therefore, how enterprises can break through resource constraints by utilizing frugal innovations has attracted extensive attention in both theoretical and practical circles.#br#This study adopts the experimental research method of team-based dynamic strategy simulation to operate collaboration between single teams nested in a multi-team system. This simulation-based experimental research method is able to control experiments, observe behaviors, and objectively measure results, and is therefore widely used in research on component team and multi-team systems. In order to test the hypotheses, this study designs a task that highlights the specific characteristics of the study. First, the task needs to contain objectives at both the component team level and the multi-team system level. Second, single teams must be linked through information and resource interdependence (they need information and resources from other members/teams to achieve their goals). On the basis of the feedback from the pre-survey, a focus group is set up to revise the questionnaire and adjust for issues of unclear expression and understanding to avoid semantic ambiguity.#br#From the perspective of cross-level interaction between component and multi-team systems, an experimental study on 75 component teams and 25 multi-team systems is conducted in the collaborative context of multi-team systems to explore the influence of transactive memory systems on frugal innovation in component and multi-team systems based on multi-team systems theory and social identity theory; meanwhile, boundary spanners' identity is set as a moderating variable to explore the intrinsic mechanism of the cross-level aggregation of frugal innovation from component teams to multi-team systems. The study shows that the transactive memory system effectively promotes component team frugal innovation through its expertise, trustworthiness and coordination; efficient component team frugal innovation is a necessary condition for the enhancement of the effectiveness of multi-team frugal innovation, and for multi-team systems, it can realize the value co-creativity of the multi-team system through the inter-team sharing of resources, interconnection of tasks, and sharing of knowledge and information, which can promote the cross-level aggregation effect of frugal innovation-level aggregation effect. Besides, this study introduces the moderating effect of the boundary spanner's identity on component team managers and multi-team system members, which shows that the higher the boundary spanners′ identity is, the more efficiently the component team frugal innovation can be aggregated and synergized into a multi-team systems′ frugal innovation. The difference in the role of boundary spanners′ identity is emphasized in the multi-team system to achieve higher levels of cognitive emergence, confirming the view that emotional and cognitive emergence states (identity, e.g.) are important prerequisites for driving the multi-team system forward in existing research.#br#Overall, the mechanism of component team frugal innovation across levels of aggregation and sublimation into multi-team frugal innovation follows the input-process-outcome (IPO) theory of team effectiveness. The study summarizes the cross-level mechanism of component team frugal innovation converging into a multi-team system′s frugal innovation, which deepens and expands the cross-level research on frugal innovation at the level of component team and multi-team system. It also provides practical guidance for enterprises to break through resource constraints, practice sustainable development and implement frugal innovation. For enterprises, it is necessary to build an all-employee frugal innovation corporate culture, construct an efficient transactive memory system from the level of management mechanism, and take measures to guide boundary spanners to effectively balance their multi-level identities in order to promote the efficient operation of the multi-team system.#br#
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