通过电池技术的不断创新，破解新能源汽车“阿喀琉斯之踵”，从而引发全球汽车行业巨变。中国汽车企业长期被压制，而颠覆性创新成为打破升级困境，实现“换道超车”和跨越式发展的利器。基于数字智能化背景，依据颠覆性创新分析框架，分析比亚迪和特斯拉20年间迅速成长为新能源汽车在位企业的历程。研究发现，比亚迪在中国情境下完成自下而上的低端跨界颠覆性创新，特斯拉在美国情境下完成自上而下的高端跨界颠覆性创新，从而形成在中国情境下同一时期同一产业内的混合颠覆性创新。结论有助于丰富颠覆性创新理论，为新能源汽车企业发展提供借鉴。

The great changes in the automotive industry in a short period of time stem from the rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, battery technology, etc. The continuous innovation of battery technology has solved the problem of the "Achilles' heel" of new energy vehicles, which has triggered significant changes in the global automotive industry. In less than thirty years, the automotive industry has undergone two disruptive innovations, and this type of internal disruption is a unique and significant feature of China's automotive industry. Taking advantage of disruptive innovation, Chinese automobile companies have leapfrogged development.#br#With the gradual enrichment of research on high-end and cross-border disruptive innovation as well as the embedding of the Chinese context in disruptive innovation research, theoretical research on disruptive innovation in the Chinese context has been improved. However, research on disruptive innovation theories in the Chinese context is mostly based on traditional low-end and new market disruption, and there is insufficient research on new phenomena such as high-end disruption and cross-border integrated disruption. A relatively complete and strong explanatory theory on representative disruptive innovation in China has not yet been formed.#br#The new ecological market for electric vehicles has reached a certain scale with the development of electric vehicle technology, which has constituted a creative destruction of the traditional automotive market. China has a comprehensive advantage in the innovation ecosystem of the new energy vehicle industry. As a leading enterprise in the production of electric vehicles in China, BYD, in the early stage of its development, adopted the reverse innovation method to build a modular vertical integration model of the whole industrial chain to carry out disruptive innovation, and transform capital-intensive industries into labor-intensive industries. By fully combining technology and labor, BYD has obtained cost advantages and product performance in a unique way. As an international leading enterprise, Tesla values its architectural innovation as the main source of its competitive advantage. In the early stage of development, it chose an open modular product architecture and successfully broke through market barriers to enter the new energy vehicle market. At present, relevant literature has conducted research on the value co-creation paths and models of disruptive innovation in the automotive industry, but there is still little literature on the hybrid disruptive innovation of low-end and high-end cross-border disruptive innovation to study the new energy innovation transformation mode of the automotive industry. Therefore, this article selects the new energy vehicle industry to study the low-end cross-border disruptive innovation model led by BYD and the high-end cross-border disruptive innovation model led by Tesla. Within the disruptive innovation framework, the double case study method is used to select the technology paradigm, cost model, value network, and product attributes as the analysis variables to complete the comprehensive deconstruction of BYD and Tesla's disruptive innovation development in the past 20 years.#br#The conclusion shows that BYD has completed the paradigm shift through reverse innovation, vertical integration innovation and innovation ecology and achieved the leapfrog development of low-end cross-border disruptive innovation from bottom to top with the completion of the fifth new disruptive innovation in the automotive industry. Tesla has achieved a transformation of American cars from the "Detroit model" to the "Silicon Valley model", and achieved a "top-down" high-end cross-border disruptive innovation in the automotive industry. The face-to-face competition between BYD and Tesla in the Chinese context is a combination of two different cross-border disruptive innovation models that occur simultaneously within the same industry during the same period, creating hybrid disruptive innovation.#br#By studying the innovation models of BYD and Tesla in different contexts within the framework of disruptive innovation, the study enriches the research cases and situational theory of disruptive innovation. It further analyzes the mechanisms and paths of disruptive innovation of both low-end and high-end cross-border within the same industry during the same period, and proposes the concept of hybrid disruptive innovation, enriching the theory of disruptive innovation. In the context of China, BYD has realized the transformation from fuel to new energy vehicles through a paradigm shift, and has transcended traditional local and joint ventures to successfully achieve lane changing and overtaking, which is one of the typical successful cases of the Chinese path to modernization.#br#