国家实验室是国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分，在国家发展战略中发挥着重要作用。目前，鲜有研究针对国家实验室体系构建进行理论阐述及体制机制探讨。以我国布局国家实验室体系为研究背景，探讨国家实验室体系构建的现实逻辑，结合国家创新系统理论、协同创新理论和合作博弈理论，剖析国家实验室制度创新的理论依据。结果表明：①国家创新系统理论是国家创新驱动发展战略的行动指南，也是推动国家实验室发展的重要依据；②协同创新理论强调各类创新要素协调合作与相互作用，有助于国家实验室体系实现整体效应最大化；③合作博弈理论探讨决策主体均衡问题，对于实验室与外部单位建立良好互信决策机制大有裨益。基于理论分析，围绕政策引导、运行成长、利益共享和风险分担4个方面体制机制创新，提出国家实验室体系构建的政策建议。未来，国家实验室体系研究需要进一步围绕基础理论和实证研究（驱动因素、运行成效和科学评价）等进行深入探讨。

National laboratories are national-level scientific research institutions with clear goals, missions and strategic positioning, engaging in original innovation work and undertaking cutting-edge basic research and major national scientific research tasks. As an important part of the national science and technology innovation system, it plays an indispensable role in organizing and carrying out basic research, personnel training, technology development and safeguarding national security. In recent years, the Communist Party and the government have deepened their understanding of the significance of national laboratory, and relevant documents and the principles of relevant conferences have also become the key to coordinating the development strategy of the national laboratory. It is stressed in he Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that government should actively take the lead in organizing major international scientific projects and give full play to the advantages of the country's socialist system in concentrating its efforts on major events, integrate and optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources and pay close attention to the construction of an innovation system. The construction of the national laboratory system is a new strategic force to support the national innovation system, and requires institutional and theoretical support. The current research on the national laboratory system has focused on the interpretation of policy texts and the discussion of management innovation cases, but ignored the theoretical guidance of the construction of the national laboratory system in the context of a new round of scientific and technological revolution. The research on theoretical guidance and institutional innovation is still in its infancy, lacking a systematic analysis of the theoretical basis for the construction of the national laboratory system and a clear integration framework for institutional innovation of the national laboratory system construction. Therefore, this paper aims to address these issues.#br#The national laboratory system undertakes the national major scientific and technological innovation strategy and meets the needs of national and social development. As an important part of the national scientific and technological innovation system, it plays an irreplaceable role in the national development strategy. In order to link between industry and research circles, realize the integration and flow of various scientific and technological innovation elements, it is necessary to find the theoretical basis of the national laboratory system construction from the perspectives of management, ecology, systems and other disciplines. Therefore, this paper centers on the national laboratory system, discusses the realistic logic of the construction of the national laboratory system and by combines national innovation system theory, collaborative innovation theory and cooperative game theory to analyze the theoretical basis of the national laboratory system innovation. Then based on the above theoretical basis, this paper provides an effective policy tool for the construction of national laboratory system by focusing on the innovation of system and mechanism in four aspects: policy guidance, business growth, benefit sharing and risk sharing.#br#The results show that: (1) the theory of national innovation system is a guide for China's "national innovation-driven strategy" and an important basis for promoting the development strategy of national laboratories; (2) collaborative innovation theory emphasizes the coordination, cooperation and interaction of various innovation elements, which helps the national laboratory system to maximize the overall effect; (3) cooperative game theory explores the equilibrium problem of research decision-making subjects, which is of great benefit to the establishment of a good mutual trust decision-making mechanism between laboratories and external units. #br#The innovation of this paper is reflected in the deduction of policy recommendations that meet the needs of national laboratory construction from the theoretical basis involved in the national laboratory system construction. The study combines the three theories of national innovation system theory, collaborative innovation theory and cooperative game theory and finds the theoretical basis for the establishment of the national laboratory system. The research on the national laboratory system needs to further explore the basic theory and empirical research (driving factors, operational effectiveness, and scientific and technological evaluation). Especially in the empirical research of the national laboratory, the academic community needs to further explore the pre-driving factors, operating results and scientific evaluation of the operation mode of the national laboratory.#br#