The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused a huge blow to the global economy, politics and culture. At present, the world is experiencing unprecedented changes in a hundred years, and the great changes of the times and the severe epidemic situation provide not onlynew opportunities for the high-quality development of China's economy, but also new challenges in the key year of the 14th Five-Year Plan period. It has become a hot topic at present of how to stimulate China's endogenous development momentum in a critical period, break down institutional and institutional innovation obstacles, and promote high-quality economic development. Technological innovation, as the main driving force for the high-quality development of China's economy, plays an important role in China's breakthrough in economic development mode and optimization of economic structure, and China must rely on the power of technological innovation to boost economy ans pursue sustainable development. As an important foundation for high-quality development, a good business environment has received more and more attention, and it is not difficult to see from the reality of economic development that a good business environment can significantly improve the level of technological innovation, but on the theoretical level, the black box of how to improve technological innovation in the business environment has not yet been opened, and the specific mechanism is still unclear.#br#In this context, this paper introduces the analytical perspective of entrepreneurship, trying to open the black box of the path of business environment and technological innovation. Through sorting out the relevant literature and basic theories, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the business environment affecting technological innovation, constructs the analytical framework of business environment - entrepreneurship - technological innovation. This paper conducts empirical tests，specifically, selects provincial data from 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018 based on international experience and China's national conditions. Subsequently this study constructs a business environment measurement index with "Chinese characteristics". Based on the panel fixed effect model, the overall business environment and its four dimensions of technological innovation promotion effect are studied, and the intermediary effect model is constructed with entrepreneurship as the intermediary variable to explore the influence mechanism of the business environment on the technological innovation.#br#There are three findings in the reseach. (1) The optimization of business environment has had a significant positive effect on China's technological innovation, but its effect is mainly presented on the supply of capital than the supply of institutions. Among the institutional factors, the impact of efficient and clean government environment on technological innovation is more obvious.（2）Entrepreneurship is an important intermediary variable between business environment and technological innovation. The factors of business environment and the incentive structure of the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit have heterogeneity to the influence of technological innovation.（3）The role of explicit incentive in business environment is obvious, but endo-excitation is insufficient; the problem of emphasizing entrepreneurship over innovation is still more prominent both in the business environment or entrepreneurship.#br#The research conclusions of this paper can provide policy enlightenment for continuously optimizing the business environment, stimulating entrepreneurship, and promoting technological innovation, and China's optimization of the business environment in the new era needs to be organically combined with the cultivation and stimulation of entrepreneurship, in order to maximize the level of technological innovation and promote high-quality economic development.#br#
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