在社会—技术系统转型视角下，将新古典经济学的“市场失灵”、创新系统理论的“系统失灵”和可持续转型研究的“转型失灵”三大彼此独立的研究思路整合为涵盖含八大失灵的分析框架，并结合中、欧等国家可再生能源技术（RETs）发展中出现的问题，对不同失灵作出举证。分析表明，失灵问题普遍存在，每一种失灵都可能由不同原因引致，充分说明当前RETs扩散缓慢的阻碍因素具有多样性和复杂性。最后，从5个方面探讨综合“失灵”分析框架，为推进能源系统可持续转型的创新政策制定提供启示。

This paper draws on a combination of Neoclassical 'market failures', 'system failures' of Innovation Theory and 'transition failures' of Sustainability Transition Research. Based on the empirical cases studies in innovation literatures, the eight failures are explained with the typical problems that hampered renewable energy technologies（RETs）implementation in some European countries and China. The analysis suggests that failures could be prevailing caused by deferent resistances, resulting in slow development and diffusion of RETs in complicated ways. It concludes with five implications of the synthesized failures framework to innovation policy interventions on the sustainable transition of energy system. 