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| Knowledge Governance of Core Enterprises Dominating Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation Ecosystem:An Analysis Based on Grounded Theory |
| Wang Ying1,Zhang Hongru1,Su Taoyong2 |
| (1.Economic School of ChangZhou University,Changzhou 213161,China;2.Economic and Management School of TongJI University, Shanghai 200092, China) |
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Abstract For Chinese manufacturing industry, the open innovation ecosystem is proven to be an effective innovation mode. In face of intelligent manufacturing with intensive technology innovation, the overall operating efficiency of the innovation ecosystem is vital for Chinese manufacturing industry to rise to the leading position. According to knowledge-based theory, intelligent manufacturing involves complex knowledge activities, and the knowledge gap between different subject areas is easy to induce the misallocation of resources, mutual understanding difficulties, proprietary data leakage and other basic knowledge risks. Therefore, it is the key problem for the intelligent manufacturing innovation ecosystem if core enterprises can use effective knowledge governance mechanism to break through the "knowledge sharing dilemma" and integrate the power of different knowledge subjects to serve their own innovation needs of intelligent transformation.#br#Most of the existing research has explored the knowledge governance of the innovation ecosystem led by core enterprises from the perspectives of decision authorization, relationship management, and organizational learning. However, the detailed structure of the governance mechanism has not received enough attention. In addition, the classification of formal and informal knowledge governance mechanisms is too general, and does not consider the diversified governance motivation and behavior combination of core enterprises with different situations in the innovation ecosystem. Therefore, according to the knowledge flow characteristics of intelligent manufacturing innovation ecosystem, it is necessary to systematically summarize and refine the types of knowledge governance mechanism based on practice.#br#This research takes the intelligent manufacturing innovation ecological system as the analysis object and uses the grounded theory method to refine the knowledge governance mechanism. After open coding, axial coding and selection coding on the basis of collecting the core enterprise implement knowledge management practice data, it is found that the knowledge governance mechanism of CEO-led intelligent manufacturing collaborative innovation network include four types: control type, incentive type, coordination type and development type. Specifically controlled knowledge governance mainly anchors safe and controllable governance goals. Incentive-based knowledge governance or coordinated knowledge governance has begun to deliberately weaken the control of core enterprises for the reason that the application scenarios of intelligent manufacturing are relatively rich, and the characteristics of knowledge differentiation are obvious. In addition, developmental knowledge governance is a typical decentralized governance mechanism with openness, equivalence and collaboration as the key attributes. Thus the core enterprise will embed itself in a more innovative, creative and competitive knowledge flow system striving to maximize the benefits of knowledge.#br#It is also found that core enterprises should flexibly combine a variety of knowledge governance mechanisms to address the knowledge-based risks of the innovation ecosystem. In management practice, not a single knowledge governance mechanism plays a role. Multiple governance objectives,such as controllability, initiative, sharing and openness of knowledge flow, together with unique knowledge processes, subject characteristics and behavioral motivations,imply that core enterprises need to flexibly combine different knowledge governance methods to form an appropriate and effective hybrid knowledge governance mechanism.#br#Furthermore,there is a dynamic evolution trend in the knowledge governance mechanism. New technologies, scenarios and new applications for intelligent manufacturing emerge one after another, posing challenges to traditional knowledge governance. Once innovation ecosystem participants find it difficult to remove knowledge barriers with current governance mechanisms, demands for change arise. Therefore, the four different knowledge governance mechanisms only reflect formal or informal institutional arrangements related to optimizing knowledge activities at a specific time.From a dynamic perspective, the knowledge governance goal has gone through a process from a self-controlled knowledge production to a larger system for equal cooperation and multiple collaborations. The knowledge governance of the intelligent manufacturing innovation ecosystem is not static and needs to keep up with changes in the environment.#br#This research has some practical implications. First, for the value co-creation of the innovation ecosystem, the knowledge governance of core enterprises should be designed according to knowledge types, partner characteristics and cooperation scenarios. Second, the knowledge governance mechanism of core enterprises should be actively operated with the need for efficient knowledge flow. Third, an effective knowledge governance mechanism should include available control and coordination elements. Core enterprises can conduct creative mashup experiments on specific governance mechanisms to form a governance model that reflects the characteristics of their own knowledge processes.#br#
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Received: 13 June 2022
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